Efeitos de um programa de fisioterapia aquática em mulheres com osteoporose

Abstract

Osteoporosis has been considered the most common metabolic disease, affecting about one third of postmenopausal women, accounting for a high rate of morbidity and mortality. This study was to evaluate the effects of a treatment program for aquatic therapy of muscle performance and balance in women with osteoporosis. We selected 40 volunteers, with a densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis at the beginning and end of treatment, the volunteers underwent a physical therapy evaluation consisting of anamnesis, evaluation of peak torque and work normalized by body mass and power isometric and isokinetic 60 ° / sea 120 ° / s knee and ankle muscles in the dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) with five repetitions, with concentric contractions performed on the isokinetic dynamometer Biodex Multi-Joint System 2. The postural control was assessed by questionnaire Berg, the Time Up and Go test (TUG) and the force platform BERTEC. After the initial assessment, a researcher who was not part of the research generated through computer, a randomization list and placed one by one, in opaque envelopes, which were not translucent sealed. Participants were selected consecutively through the withdrawal of the envelope, and assigned to two groups: control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). The treatment was performed twice a week with one hour for 12 weeks in therapy pool. It is noteworthy that the GC has received the same treatment of the GI, after 12 weeks. Normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For comparison of, we used the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test to compare results before and after physical therapy, we used the nonparametric Wilcoxon test. For the evaluation of qualitative data was used chi-square test. It was adopted a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). In isokinetic knee with a speed of 60 ° / s, there was a significant improvement in the IM variable peak torque normalized by body mass during flexion and extension of member D and ND, the work variable normalized by body mass significant improvement in member D in flexion and in extension of GI, and variable muscle power, no significant improvement in GI and GC. When evaluated the knee joint with a speed of 120 ° / s, significant improvement was observed in all variables of GI and CG no significant improvement and work in variable proportion to body weight not only significant improvement in knee extension of GI ND . In the evaluation of ankle at the speed 60 ° / s, variable work normalized by body mass and muscle power was a significant improvement in all variables of GI. For the evaluation of balance, significant improvement was found for the questionnaire Berg, TUG and some variables of the force platform IM This training program was effective for improving muscle strength in some muscle groups important for maintaining the standing posture and activities of everyday life, thus reducing the risk of falls.