Desenvolvimento e aplicação de procedimentos envolvendo reações quimiluminescentes em fluxo para a determinação de analitos de interesse alimentício, farmacêutico e bioquímico.

Abstract

In this work, analytical flow procedures were developed using multicommutation concept and chemiluminescent detection for the determination of hydrogen peroxide, glucose and cholesterol in food, biochemistry and pharmaceutical samples. A personal computer Pentium 233 MHz equipped with PCL 711S interface was employed to control the flow manifold and data acquisition. The detection module consist of a flow-cell constructed with a coiled polyethylene tubing (0.8 mm i.d.), a silicon photodiode (OSD-50E) and an electronic device (model FAC 500) for signals conditioning and amplification, are devices were placed in a dark box. The manifold and detection module were characterized by hydrogen peroxide determination in pharmaceutical samples, monitoring the radiation produced in the chemiluminescent reaction between luminol, H2O2 and hexacyanoferrate(III). The analytical curve obtained was linear in the hydrogen peroxide concentration ranging from 2.2 x 10-6 to 2.1 x 10-4 mol L-4 and the detection limit obtained was 1.8 x 10-6 mol L-1. In the procedures for glucose determination in food, pharmaceutical and biochemical samples, a solid-phase reactor containing glucose oxidase immobilized in glass beads was employed. The hydrogen peroxide generated in this enzymatic reaction was monitored by chemiluminescent emission produced by the luminol/hexacyanoferrate(III) reaction. The proposed procedure showed linear response from 5.0 to 160.0 mg L-1 and a sampling rate of 160 samples per hour was obtained. The analytical procedure was employed with success in the glucose determination in honey, glucose pharmaceutical formulation, grape and tomato juices. For glucose determination in blood serum, the manifold was reconfigured to minimize the sample manipulation. The results obtained in the glucose determination in serum using this proposed procedure are in close agreement with those obtained using the comparative procedure at a confidence level of 95%. In the proposed procedure for cholesterol determination in eggs a solid-phase reactor containing immobilized cholesterol oxidase was used, the hydrogen peroxide produced was monitored by the same chemiluminescent reaction. The linear range of analytical curve obtained in optimized procedure ranged from 250 to 2500 mg L-1, and are described by the equation: Intensity (mV)= 43.0 + 0.325 x [cholesterol], r= 0.999, The luminol and hexacyanoferrate(III) consumption per determination were 356 µg and 2.64 mg, respectively. The manifold was reconfigured for cholesterol determination in serum. The results obtained were in agreement with those obtained using the comparative procedure. Extraction and pre-purification of enzyme peroxidase were carried out with the purpose of employing this enzyme as a catalyst in the chemiluminescent reaction between the luminol and hydrogen peroxide.