Fatores associados à internação hospitalar por tuberculose

Abstract

Even after 50 years of knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) disease still remains one of the major health problems globally. Treatment occurs in home or hospital level and although there is the first advantage over the second, the hospitalization rate is still high in Brazil. This scenario reflects the often difficult access to health services, since the Primary Health should be the gateway of those TB patients, to diagnose and treat these individuals, the hospital would be indicated only in special cases. The literature suggests that in developed countries the reasons for hospitalization of patients with TB are more related to the failure or drug intolerance, while in developing countries the poor condition and cachexia. Knowing the factors that determine admissions for TB can act early in the main groups vulnerable to hospitalization, avoiding complications of the disease and unnecessary hospitalizations. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors associated with hospitalization of patients with TB. We carried out an epidemiological, observational and retrospective of cases reported in GVE XII Araraquara, in 2009-2013 and recorded in the TB-web information system, comparing patients who were hospitalized for TB with those who underwent treatment on an outpatient basis. The following variables were analysed: sex, age, education, occupation, date of notification, date of start of treatment, type of treatment, type of event, type of closure, classification, discovery, date of first symptoms, smear, associated diseases (HIV, diabetes, alcoholism, mental illness, drugs, immunosuppression, smoking, other.), strength, length and reason for it. We used univariate analysis and logistic regression multivariate analysis, adjusted odds ratio as a measure of association and 95% confidence interval. They studied 982 individuals, 298 hospitalized (30.34%) and 684 with outpatient treatment (69.65%); in the multivariate analysis was a higher chance of interaction between males (OR: 2.350; p = 0.001), lower education (OR: 1.793; p = 0.014), with comorbidity (OR: 1.811; p = 0.006) wherein the type of breakthrough did not occur in outpatient (OR: 6.941; p = 0.000), between which lacked occupation (OR: 1.797; p = 0.007) and those in the form of the disease was extrapulmonary (OR: 0.510; p = 0.013).It was concluded that there is evidence that socio-demographic, clinical and operational factors are associated with hospitalization for TB. Actions to these factors as well as these most vulnerable groups become essential to fewer hospitalizations for TB.