Efeito de três diferentes protocolos de treinamento, resistido, aeróbico e combinado, na modulação da omentina e vaspina em modelo experimental de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effects of three different exercise modalities (aerobic, strength and combined) on the production of the adipokines Omentin and Vaspin in obese mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To this end, male Wistar rats received a fat rich diet for 4 weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg / kg) in order to induce experimental diabetes. After induction, 5 non-diabetic and 5 diabetic mice were euthanized. The remaining animals were divided into eight experimental groups (n = 10): sedentary non-diabetic (SN): resistance training non-diabetic (TRN); non-diabetic aerobic training (TAN); combined training nondiabetic (TCN); sedentary diabetic (SD); resistance training diabetic (TRD); diabetic aerobic training (TAD); combined diabetic training (TCD). These groups were submitted to exercise for 12 weeks, 3 times per week. The resistance training was held at staircase with protocol until exhaustion; the aerobic training consisted in treadmill protocols of 30 min/ day reaching 20m/min; the combined training consisted in two protocols with a minimum interval of 6 hours between sessions. Body weight and food intake were measured daily. At the end of the trial period animals were euthanized by decapitation. Blood was collected as well as tissues samples of liver, epididymal white adipose tissue (EPI), retroperitoneal (RET) and visceral (VIS). In addition, gastrocnemius muscle (GAST), brachioradialis and pancreas were removed and immediately weighed. Serum concentrations of TNF-α cytokines, IL-6, PCR, CXCL8, IL-10, IL-4 and adipokines omentin, vaspin and adiponectin were determined by ELISA; and protein expression of omentin and vaspin were done by Western blotting analysis. Results are expressed as mean and standard error, statistical comparisons were made by variance analysis, with p <0.05 being considered significant. Our results showed that the high fat diet protocol of streptozotocin with low dose was effective in inducing experimental diabetes mellitus type 2. In eutrophic groups the protocols did not change the blood glucose, but improved the lipid profile, where TRN reduced triglyceride, total cholesterol reduced TAN, TCN increased HDL-C omentin and vaspin. There are no changes in the studied adipokines by the available protocols, although inflammatory markers as IL-6 and CRP were reduced by TAN. CXCL8 values increased in the TCN group, but IL-6 and CRP values were significantly reduced. Diabetic animals, specifically TRD group had improved the lipid profile of diabetic rats. TAD group showed reduced abdominal fat deposits and RET VIS prevented the increase in blood glucose, decreased IL-6 and CRP increased circulating adiponectin and increased omentin in visceral adipose tissue. As for the TCD group it showed x increased inflammatory markers and reduced vaspin values in muscle, but there were no changes in the omentin in adipose tissue. Furthermore, omentin showed a strong positive correlation with the adiponectin and moderate negative correlation with IL-6. Thus, we conclude that diabetes induction protocol was effective. in developing the experimental type 2 diabetes; resistance, aerobic and combined training did not change omentin and vaspin values in non-diabetic rats, but improved the lipid profile and inflammation. In diabetic animals aerobic workout was effective in promoting improvement in glycemia, increasing the concentration of omentin, and decreasing inflammation, confirming that this is related to the inflammatory profile in diabetic rats.