Relação custo/benefício de métodos de levantamento de fauna silvestre

Abstract

Projects that cause impact to the environment when complying with environmental licensing, besides obligations, must apply a survey and monitoring the wildlife. Although the constantly environmental legislation evolution, there is a large gap between the regulations and standards to apply these studies. The methodology choose that adequately answered the effects of the impacts caused by the enterprise is relevant to the proper orientation of mitigation and conservation actions, and also efficiently uses the invested resource, maximizing the costbenefit ratio. Generally in studies related to environmental licensing are used indirect methodologies for the survey of medium and large mammals. This work compares the cost / benefit of the methodologies for the survey of medium and large mammals traditionally used (i.e., footprint transaction of and camera-trapping) between to the trophic approach (i.e., diet studies). Evaluating the accuracy, precision (application of statistical concepts for these two terms), efficacy, efficiency (application of administration concepts), and diversity versus biocomplexity of three case studies that collected data from medium-sized mammals, relating the Benefits in terms of the information generated and the financial cost involved. The results suggest that the trophic approach methodology presented better results for accuracy, efficiency and biocomplexity, while the footprint transaction methodology obtained better performance in efficacy and accuracy along with the camera-trapping methodology. Finally, biodiversity results are possible with the three methodologies. Thus, a trophic approach is useful in the visual and molecular identification of predators and their prey, generating patterns of biological diversity and complexity of the trophic processes, allowing a better understanding of a given environment before and after human interventions.