Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2002-03-15"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 23496

Análise da sustentabilidade ambiental do uso e ocupação do solo no município de Ilha Comprida-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-03-15)
Jesus, Adriana Rita Guarnieri de
;
Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7965562698152371
The present work consisted in the application of a method for environmental sustainability analysis for land use and soil occupation of Ilha Comprida city, located in the southern state of São Paulo, the estuarine-lagoon complex Iguape-Cananéia- Paranaguá, region of Vale do Ribeira de Iguape. Land use and soil occupation of Ilha Comprida and the concept of sustainability as a theoretical, technical and empirical supporting body were studied. This work used a methodology based on a Method developed by a Study Group from UFSCar (Federal University of São Carlos) called Strategic Planning and Sustainable Urban Environment (PESMU), which incorporates the sustainability issue in the analysis and evaluation of urban context projects. Therefore, the methodology makes use of flow charts, interaction matrices, characterization sheets, used together, directing the analysis of environmental sustainability in the city, pointing favorable, neutral or unfavorable trends to environmental sustainability. Practical applications of the method in different areas of the city were carried out, showing the land use and soil occupation as the action variable (street construction layout, plot, deployment of building plots, urban uses and buildings geometries) and environmental issues as control variables. Comprising an easy applicability methodology, it proved to be feasible, and can be added other possible information and more complex analysis tools to enable the expansion of its applicability.
Turismo e conservação no cenário rural do entorno de uma Unidade de Conservação, no município de Luiz Antonio (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-03-15)
Severino, Fulvio Cesar Garcia
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
The tourism in rural areas has stood out for allowing the conservation of natural areas that comprises the rural matrix and for having conditions to generate revenues and employments to the local population. In the present survey, six farms (located in surroundings of Jataí Ecological Station Luiz Antônio city/SP, Brazil) were visited with the aim to verify by interviews both its tour potential and the owners social representations concerning to land uses. In addition, it was intended to know postures, values and worries about the tour activities from the urban areas people to obtain a wiser view about tourism issue. The activities developed in farms compose the cast of touring possibilities in rural areas. Nevertheless the owners are not ready for tourism in their proprieties. Natural areas of their proprieties have been seen with dislike (negativist representation) due to impossibility of using them as incomes (utilitarian representation). The conservation unit has been seen as a biodiversity protection place (naturalist representation). However natural areas out of Ecological Station have not been comprehended as a place for conservation. Ecological Station was the most tour potential cited by interviewees in urban area. They also realize that the city still has not been ready for tourism due to a lacking infrastructure. Notwithstanding they believe tourism might be a generator of employments and revenues besides a social and economic factor of growth and development. Tourism is supposed to serve for this purpose without basing upon developmental myth referential as well as to be planned with and for population. For its formal implementation, there is the necessity of an incitement policy for tour activities based on environmental, social and economic diagnosis. There is also the necessity of sensitization efforts and environmental education with population. The main point is to train local guides consciousness from environmental, social and cultural queries and capable to spread its tour attributes away. It is important as well to choose a farm, to observe the evolution of tour activities and to monitory its results.
Análise da confiabilidade de equipamentos e métodos para medir o movimento de flexão anterior da coluna lombar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-03-21)
Vieira, Edgar Ramos
;
Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8631547579695270
Current high incidence of low back pain represents high costs to patients, industries, health insurance companies and government. Moreover, it causes loss in life quality of suffers. Lumbar flexion movement is critical to the development and aggravation of low back pain. Thus, quantification of this movement is important to the prevention and treatment of these disorders. Therefore, the purposes of this research were: design two new methods to quantify lumbar flexion movement, improve electrogoniometer interfaces, and assess the reliability of three devices and methods to measure the studied movement. In order to achieve these objectives, three studies were designed. Study 1 has compared the measurements from an electrogoniometer fixed by Attachment Ducts (ADs), with those from another electrogoniometer without ADs, and the measurements of both electrogoniometers with those from a high precision goniometer. Study 2 has compared both conditions studied previously, when the electrogoniometers were fixed in parallel on lumbar muscles of 14 subjects. Study 3 presented the Perpendicular Markers Photometric Technique (PMPT) and the Distanciometer, both designed for this study. Furthermore, this study analyzed the reliability of the PMPT, fleximeters (usually known as inclinometers), and Distanciometer, when compared to the measurements of lumbar flexion movement of 25 subjects performed by an electrogoniometer. Results indicated that electrogoniometers are precise equipment, ADs did not influence measurements and provided a more specific definition of the region to be assessed by electrogoniometers, and high reliability was found for both PMPT and Distanciometer, but not for the fleximeters used in this study.
Ansatz de Bethe para cadeias quânticas de spin-1 com condições de contorno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-03-21)
Fireman, Elton Casado
;
Florêncio, Odila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9659972316642270
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8569068916474005
The procedure for obtaining integrable open spin chain Hamiltonians via reflection matrices explicitly carried out for some three-state vertex models. We have considered the 19-vertex models of Zamolodchikov-Fateev and Izergin-Korepin and the Z2 graded 19-vertex models with sl(2/1) and osp(1/2) invariances. In each case the eigenspectrum is determined by application of the coordinate Bethe ansatz.
Concepções norteadoras da prática pedagógica de professoras da educação infantil e uso pedagógico da culinária: possíveis relações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-03-24)
Silva, Leilany Fernandes Rodrigues Arruda da
;
Lima, Emília Freitas de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1611153541457646
This work, of qualitative kind, searches for understanding the two pre-school teachers' conceptions by analysing their teaching resources regarding cookery activities in classroom. In order to make it possible, the data were got in their own classrooms having children aged six under their responsability and taking place in a public school of S.Carlos' Municipal Educational Net. Since S.Carlos'Municipal Education deals with Teaching Projects, the researcher intervened by developing cookery experiences related to the subjects and objectives of these same projects in order to verify the conceptions assumed by both teachers starting from the teaching utilization the teachers are supposed to do with the different themes. The work presents as initial hypothesis that teachers' own conceptions change into elements that will interfer with teaching experiences and, at same time, they are going to constitute and change themselves in their confront with reality. This kind of movement doesn't occur in a linear and straight way. In order to understand better the actual context where both participant teachers were insered, the researcher tried to understand how works the Teaching Projects studying the Teaching Projects as a teaching proposal and tried also to find out the underlied conceptions supporting them. The data's analyse obtained allowed us to realize that there are in the teaching experiences conceptions that the own teachers have about the teaching process and can belong to differents kinds of models such as authoritary, spontaneous or democratic. (FREIRE, 1977) The different moments lived during the work, the confrontation between the collected data and the theories supporting them, all this could provide us elements for some considerations: -the construction of an effective teaching experience, able to offer students significant , cheerful and vibrant learnings compromised with the respect of the students considered as historical and social beings. This process can not be acquired neither by the only adotion of techniques nor the only utilization of democratic and socializant methodologies; -the conceptual changes are to be derived from a substantial education able to shake hard stablished models, able to reveal the unconscious conceptions. This education won't be certainly obtained in a no-systematic way; -the school comes to be the place where one can potentially interfere in teachers' models, if this is desirable, and in this way able to promove the exercise of reflexion and theorization about the necessary experiences to aim this aim.
Relações hídricas e fotossíntese em espécies lenhosas de um cerrado stricto sensu em São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-03-25)
Rojas, Manuel Humberto Cardoza
;
Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
Values of pre dawn, initial, and morning (between 10:00-11:30 h) leaf water potential (Ψaa, Ψi, and Ψ, respectively), and morning leaf gas exchange were obtained during wet and dry seasons in woody species of cerrado stricto sensu vegetation located at Southeast of Brazil, in São Carlos municipality (21°58'S-47°52'W, 850 m a.s.l.). At first eight species were studied measuring the leaf water potential during daily courses in dry and wet seasons. Two daily courses were carried out per season. In wet season the meteorological conditions were similar between the daily courses, when the maximum air temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and the total hours of direct solar radiation values were equivalent. Notwithstanding, the studied species showed different mean values of minimum (Ψmin) and integrated (IΨ) leaf water potential between the daily courses. In dry season the values of maximum temperature, VPD and the total hours of direct solar radiation values were much more different between the daily courses but there were not significant differences between Ψmin and IΨ mean values. The conditions at dry season (specially a moderate water stress at the rizosphere) could induce one distinct reaction since the early morning, promoting stomatal closing and avoiding great alterations in leaf water status. In chapter 1 were compared the average values of Ψmin among cerrado stricto sensu vegetation, Northern Australian savanna and Mediterranean Climate Vegetation. Because the rainfall is greater and more constant during the year in cerrado, and by reason of their woody species are able to cope the leaf water status during dry season, the values of Ψmin in cerrado were lower than Australian savanna (Mediterranean vegetation showed the lowest Ψmin). The results in chapter 2 confirmed the initial explanations in chapter 1 about the differences in Ψmin and IΨ in wet and dry seasons. In chapter 2 there are presented results of leaf gas exchange in 23 woody species: net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and sub stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci). All species studied (including those in chapter 1) showed reduced values of gs in dry season (78% on average basis) confirming that during the winter drought occurs sharp reduction of gs. This reduction was able to decrease the E values (-33%) due to the stomatal narrowing (lower values of gs under high values of VPD). It was probably responsible to increase the resistance for CO2 incoming to sub stomatal chamber, lowering the CO2 concentration available to photosynthesis. It could explain, at least in part, the lower mean A values under drought condition. Because A and E values decreased proportionally (around 32%), the water use efficiency mean values were kept equivalent during dry and wet seasons. In chapter 2 is proposed a diagram where are pointed out the principal causal events and the probable physiological responses for cerrado woody species under dry season.
Sistemas urbanos de água: avaliação de método para análise de sustentabilidade ambiental de projetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-03-31)
Figueiredo, Glauco Antônio Bologna Garcia de
;
Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
The sustainable development concept has been used as a basic framework of urban planning processes. Due to its subjective components there were cases where the sustainability principles were used as marketing instruments, instead of an objective planning tool. As an attempt to reverse this situation the group for Sustainable and Strategic Urban Planning, from the São Carlos Federal University, studies way to apply sustainable development principles in the assessment and analysis of urban projects. In this thesis it was created a Method, which can be used in the evaluation of components of urban water system projects (water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, urban drainage, etc.). The Method is based on defined parameters and uses descriptive lists, flowcharts and interaction matrices to indicate sustainability tendencies (positive, negative or neutral). This model was applied in five different projects, which indicated some adjustments. The model was considered simple and effective. Another advantage of the Method is its modular character: new information and tools can be added, in order to obtain more complex analysis. Besides that, it can be used to evaluate the planning or performance of other sustainable systems.
Análise de processos de erosão celerada, com base em fotografias aéreas e geoprocessamento: Bacia do Rio Bonito (Descalvado, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-04-08)
Feres, Roberto
;
Lorandi, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
This study relates the methodology adopted to organize the information on the abiotic environment related to the characterization of erosive processes visible in aerial photographs in order to contribute towards actions of planning of the drainage basin of the Bonito river, a sub-basin of the Mogi-Guaçu river, in the municipality of Descalvado-SP, Brazil. The area of study is part of a region highly susceptible to erosive phenomena as a result of favorable conditions provided by the unconsolidated cover material, easily erodible. The environmental fragility of the terrains, however, contrasts with the great fragmentation of the landscape. Under a GIS single georeferenced database at a 1:50,000-compatible scale, all available cartographic and sampling information was organized and compared with a photo mosaic adjusted to a cartographic base of the same area at a 1:10,000 scale, and a visual analysis of the features was performed by photo interpreting. A preliminary map of the unconsolidated material was developed from the information regarding the geological surface formations correlated with the field slope patterns, allowing the automation of the mapping in GIS. The field inspection, aided by real time navigation system on the cartographic information, made possible to diagnose the events found there. The organization applied to the collected information allows the planner to understand each individual developed feature, their causes and the reasons that contribute to it s persistence, correlating them with the local patterns of the environment fragility and compounding an overview of the events that occur in hydrographic basin as a whole.
Utilização de um sistema de informações geográficas associado à equação universal de perda de solo no planejamento do ecoturismo no Município de Santo Antônio do Pinhal - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-04-08)
Rosalen, David Luciano
;
Lorandi, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
Ecoturism hás been blunting inside the industry of the tourism as a promissing revenue source for the local population. However, to make one of its main objectives be accomplished, wich is to help keeping the natural resources, that activity should be planned inside a keeping context. Inside this context, the soil conservation is one of the main features because the soil is the physical, chemical and biological support of the vegetation, either natural or exotic. To conservation it, it s necessary to indentify the erosinal areas, wich can be accomplished by the use of empirical models. Among the different existent models, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is one of the most remarkable and used in the use of Geografic Information System (GIS), the applying of this model, by the use of this computacionsl tool, has almost been turned to be necessary due to the speed and to the easiness of simulating different sceneries. Therefore, the present work, through the development of a simple methodology, applied the model EUPS through GIS in the area of Santo Antônio do Pinhal-SP, wich has developed ecoturism activities through the use of trails. Information of the physical site (geology, geomorphology, pedology and topography), area of acceptable and non-acceptable soil losses, areas of everlasting keeping and roads, and the topographical profiles of ecoturism trails of the area, were mixed. The results showed the great weakness of the area when it comes to erosive processes, the unfitness of roads and profiles of the trails concerning the control of erosive processes and the importance of the ecoturism as a revenue alternative for the local population, due the restrict agronomy aptitude of the area.
Peso de Drude em anéis unidimensionais com potenciais de substituição e atravessados por fluxo magnético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-04-11)
Prado, Fabiano Oliveira
;
Pellegrino, Giancarlo Queiroz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7555708910723173
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3505195155149832
In the present work the Drude weight is calculated to study the capacity of conduction at finite temperatures in one-dimensional rings with the potencial given by the sequences of different degrees of randomness and threaded by a time independent magnetic flux. In this context, the tight-binding approximation is used to solve the Schrödinger equation,also permitting the potencials, given by substitution sequences, to be implemented in a simple way. We study four situations in which the potencial is given by periodic and random sequence. The transport properties exhibited by the system in each case are to reflect the degree of randomness presented by these potencials, although in a nontrivial manner if one considers a hierarchy of disorder based on the Fourier transform of the sequences. The role played by temperature in the capacity of conduction, as compared with the role played by the potencials, is also described.
Utilização de altas concentrações de benzeno, tolueno e xileno (compostos BTX) como fonte de carbono por linhagens bacterianas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-04-12)
Dulcini, Silvana Elizabeth de Méo
;
Durrant, Lúcia Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1680326297012937
BTX compouds [benzene, toluene and xylene isomers (ortho, meta and para)] are light aromatics present in gasoline. They are toxic and relatively soíuble in water. This high solubility in comparison with other petroleum hydrocarbons explains their potential effect in the environment. Experimenta with pre-conditionated cultures, isolated from petroleum contaminated sites, were carried out with the aim of selecting sotventtolerant strains able of growing in high concentrations of BTX. Those strains were evaluated for their ability of p-xylene utilization. After 3 days of incubation, two strains were responsible for high percentages of pxylene removal from culture médium. It was concluded that these results were related to biodegradation, since the strains were able to grow in pxylene as the sole source of carbon and energy. High performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection were used for BTX-determinationsr Biosurfactant production from the cultures was also evaluated, by emulsifying activity and emulsifying index (E24) determinations. Emulsification did not showany relationship with pxylene biodegradation.
Obtenção e caracterização eletroquímica do compósito polipirrol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-04-15)
Bello, Maria Elvira do Rêgo Barros
;
Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
This study was carried out to investigate the electrochemical preparation of a composite polypyrrole / cobalt, as well as your characterization physical-chemistry. The composite was electropolymerized on a platinum substrate in aqueous solution with lithium perchlorate. It was characterized electrochemically with cyclic voltammetry. A voltammetric behavior quite differentiated between the pure polypyrrole and the composite it was observed, above all, for the pronounced cathodic peak that appeared in the voltammogram of the composite, which was attributed to the metallic deposition. The interesting in this case was that the cathodic peak appeared in a more positive potential in the composite than when verified on pure platinum. Besides, it was observed although in presence of the cobalt the redox processes in the polymeric suffered a potential displacement. Such results suggested the presence of an interaction between the metallic cobalt and the polymeric phase, possibly a complexation between the cobalt and the polypyrrole. A morphological analysis of the film was made by scanning electronic microscopy, having observed a more regular surface and with smaller nodules for the material of the composite. The X-ray difractometry of the films it was also done, but it didn't take to conclusive results. A chemometrics study was accomplished through 22 factorial design involving the synthesis variables and the voltammetric analysis variables of the composite, while optimization procedures, using the response surface methodology, was accomplished with the intention of increasing the intercalation of the cobalt in the polymeric phase. As a measure of the intercalation, it was taken the parameter current density of cathodic peak of the process regarding the cobalt. The results showed an increase of 73.7% in this current density of cathodic peak for the film synthesized in the optimized condition, in comparison with the largest value found before the optimization.
Uso de macroalgas e variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas para a avaliação da qualidade da água do Rio do Monjolinho, São Carlos, Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-04-15)
Peres, Ana Claudia
;
Senna, Pedro Américo Cabral
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2513500213269643
A fluvial ecosystem has a big interaction surface with the terrestrial ecosystems. The river interact with the terrestrial ecosystem, in drains, in an equilibrated and functional unit. Besides being is a low tension system, that is overloaded and that exports part of its materials, it keeps a quick cycle. Macroalgae are benthic organisms that produce a mature stalk, that has a discreet structure, however recognized by naked eye. Those algae have been used for river monitoring, in Europe particularly, as biological indicators and they are better than the physical and chemical variables, that reflects only the water conditions in the collecting moment, whereas the biological indicators reproduce medium-long term aspects of living organisms. This study has as principal aiming, was to establish a relationship between the macroalgae species found and the ambiental variables at the Monjolinho River, tracing a water quality profile of this river. The study was performed in 6 months (May to October, 1998 dry season) in six sampling stations distributed along all the river extension. During six months sampling were performed in a six stretch of 10m along to the river course. Water was collected for nutrient and suspended matter analyses and measurements of variables as, water temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Macoralgae were samples qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 16 sampling macroalgae species present, among which Vaucheria geminata, Schysomeris leibleinii, Geithlerinema amphybium and Stigeoclonium helveticum had a wide distribution. In relation to the ambiental variables, the station was found to have the lowest nutrient concentration and highest OD, whereas the station 3 had the highest nutrient concentration and lowest OD concentrations. The sampling stations were classified, according to the values of BOD, saturation oxygen deficit, NH4, and OM as: station 1 Oligossaprobic (health water zone, not affected by the pollution ), station 2 and 6 â-mesossaprobic (zone of lightly weak pollution), station, 4 and 5 á-messoproibic (polluted zone or strongly polluted) and station 3 polissaprobic (extremely polluted zone or intense bacterial decomposition).
Análise da presença do glicerol no comportamento fluidodinâmico de leitos fluidizados e vibrofluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-04-18)
Daleffe, Roger Valeri
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
Vibrofluidized beds with inert particles are often used for drying pastes in a laboratory scale. Aiming to contribute to the study of paste drying in such beds, the main purpose of this work is to analyze fluid dynamic behavior of fluidized and vibrofluidized beds as a function of parameters such as the inert particle diameter, the bed temperature, the vibrational parameter and the liquid saturation rate in the bed (defined as the quotient volume of liquid/volume of particles). Curves of pressure drop fluctuations as a function of time were obtained for the tri-phase system and the effect of those parameters on the mixture minimum velocity (as proposed by Gupta and Mujumdar, 1980a) were also analyzed. As liquid phase was employed glycerol, which have been fed into the bed in a batch mode. Glycerol was chosen because it suffers practically no evaporation at the experimental conditions. As inert particles were employed glass spheres in group D of Geldart´s classification. The vibrofluidized bed was of galvanized steel, with square-cross section of 0.20x1.10 m and height of 0.20 m. Pressure drop data and superficial air velocity data were collected by pressure transducers connected to an acquisition data system. The data were collected for vibrational ranges from 0.00 to 1.50; mean particle diameters of 1.095x10-3, 1.545x10-3 e 1,850x10-3 m; bed temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 oC and saturation rates from 0.0000 to 0.0040. The results indicate that the bed temperature does not affect significantly the pressure drop curves behavior. The vibrational parameter also shows little influence on pressure drop versus air velocity curves, excepting in the transition between fluidized and vibrofluidized beds. On the other hand, the pressure drop curves behavior is strongly affected by the increasing of the liquid saturation rate and by variation of particle diameter. Analysis of standard deviation of pressure drop fluctuations shows that for conditions which are typical of a fixed bed, the standard deviations are very small and almost independent on every parameter investigated. At fluidized bed conditions, these standard deviations are significant, particularly at the greatest air velocities. It was observed that they increase a lot in the presence of vibration, even at fixed bed conditions. Besides providing additional information on the bed fluid dynamic behavior, the curves of standard deviation of pressure drop fluctuations are also useful to identify the beginning of particle displacement into the bed due to vibration. It was observed that the methodology applied to identify the minimum fluidization velocity did not provide good results, but it worked well to identify the mixture minimum velocity as defined by Gupta and Mujundar (1980a). For the conditions investigated, the mixture minimum velocity is strongly affected by the liquid saturation rate and by the particle diameter, while both the bed temperature and the vibrational parameter show little influence on it.
Estrutura populacional e aspectos reprodutivos de Potamorhina latior (Characiformes: Curimatidae) (Spix, 1829) dos lagos tributários do Rio Acre-Amapá e Pirapora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-09)
Freitas, Francisca Estela Lima
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
The aim of this work is a comparative study of the populations of Potamorhina latior (Characiformes: Curimatidae) (Spix. 1929) in the Amapa and Pirapora lakes, located in municipality of Rio Branco, seeking to gather data about structural and reproductive aspects as well as their interrelations with the environment. The initial presuposition was the both populations would show diffrent structures, due to the strong process of anthropomorphization affecting the Amapa lake, but not yet observed in the Pirapora lake. The data were collected in the periodo from April 2000 to March 2001, and comprised climatological, limnological and fish population variables expected to provide information on possible interrelations or differences between the populations. The results showed that the climatological variables kept the same pattern of unifomity observed in earlier years, but the wareer features were remarkably diffrent concerning transparency, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and conductivity. They also exhibited important diffrences in the population composition in the two lakes: the number of fish was much larger in the Pirapora; the males outnumbered the females in both lakes, though the difference was statiscally relevant only in the Amapa; the females achieved higher values in length and average weight in both lakes; both males and females in Pirapora were bigger and heavier. Moreover, in the Pirapora lake fish size for the first maturation was smaller even to males and females, and the same relation was maintained concerning size and reproduction maturity for all individuals considered. In the analysis of species fecundity conducted with females from Pirapora, diameter basis for oocytes elimination during egg laying was 0,40 mm, and fecundity ranged from 33,843 to 140,198 oocytes. Spawning was of the total type, occurring in the rainy season, probably between December and February, in accordance with observed reproductive effort defined by gonadosomatic index. According to the results found mainly for the Pirapora population, ther seems evident the need for developing further studies with this species to obtain more and deeper knowledge of its biology.
Alimentação de Potamorhina latior (Spix, 1829) (Characiformes: Curimatidae) e Anodus elongatus (Agassiz, 1829) (Characiformes: Hemiodontidae) em lagos marginais do Rio Acre-Amapá (AC) e Pirapora (AM)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-09)
Aranguren, Ligia Célia Neri
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
This study analyzesthe feeding habits and behavior of Potamorhina latior (Spix, 1829) (Characiformes: Curimatidae) and Anodus elongatus (Agassiz, 1829) (Characiformes: Hemiodontidae) in two oxbow, of the river Acre, the Amapá lake in the state of Acre and Pirapora lake in the state of Amazonas. During the period from March os 2000 to April of 2001, fish samples in the two lakes were taken and their stomach contents analyzed in order to determine their feeding habit, the preferred items in their diets, the quantitative dynamics of feeding and the similarity between the two species diets, and also to verify the relation of their diets with the seasonal variations of abiotic factors and pluviometric variations. The results showed strong differences in the diets of the species. According to the analyses of feeding frequencies, volume and indices, Potamorhina latior preferred debris followed by algae and invertebrates in the two environments both during the dry and flooding seasons. Debris represented 90% of the stomach contents, and the species can be classified as detritivorous. The same analyses carried out with Anodus elongatus revealed that the items that presented the highest frequencies in occurrence and volume were algae and zooplankton in the two lakes during both seasons, which leads to classifying the species as planktivorous. According to the distribution of algae, Euglenophyceae and Cyanophyceae predominate in the Amapa lake, while Euglenophyceae and Cholophyceae predominated in the Pirapora lake. In the case of zooplankton , Rotifera was the most representative. Spatial and seasonal variations in the diets of both species revealed little relevance, and the oscillation in the proportion of feeding items were related with their availability in the environment. Intensive feeding activity was observed in the flooding period
Análise ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Pinheiros (Município de Orleans e São Ludgero, SC), com base na caracterização e diagnóstico dos elementos da paisagem e da perda de solo por erosão laminar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-21)
Marcomin, Fátima Elizabeti
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
The environmental analysis of the Pinheiros River watershed basin was performed by means of characterization and diagnosis of the landscape factors (altitude, slope, road net, land use and type of soil) and soil loss by sheet erosion, applying this approach to fourteen subunits of landscape managing delimited on the study area. The soil loss evaluated and based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the factors making part it and the landscape structural factors were generated by the Geographical Information System (GIS) IDRISI v.2.0. Soil losses lower than 10t/ha/year predominated over the landscape subunits, being that values of soil loss, corresponding to 242.3 and 39.1 t/ha/year, were evaluated for the subunits Pinheiros River B.E and Barreira , respectively. The Barreira subunit corresponded to that of lower environmental quality risky exposure in relation to the use and soil loss, once it shows a higher percentage of vegetation area, a lower percentage of cultivation area as well as a lower average value soil loss. Pinheiros Alto River B.E. and Boa Vista , were the most exposed subunits, and where the highest a average values take place; the latter one is also that with a higher cultivation area. The integrated analysis between the soil loss (high and very high classes), are associated with the cultivation areas. Around 23% of the Pinheiros River watershed basin total area reveal soil losses above the tolerance limit, signaling the need for review concerning the soil use types and soil handing in the hope of reducing the impact effects from the erosion.
Decomposição de Staurastrum iversenii Neygaard var. americanum: efeitos da qualidade do recurso, da disponibilidade de oxigênio e da temperatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-23)
Pacobahyba, Lucilia Dias
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1990435630619505
In this work the decomposition aspects of the Staurastrum iversenii Nygaard var. americanum phytoplankton species, isolated from the Barra Bonita Reservoir (22 degrees 29 minutes S e 48 degrees 34 minutes W), were approached; as resource of the decomposition were used: cells (ruptured and whole) and polysaccharide of higher and lower molecular masses. Were approached, still, the effects of the following variables: temperature and concentration of dissolved oxygen. Therefore, decomposition chambers were set up in laboratory with cells (ruptured and whole) and polysaccharides of higher and lower molecular masses deriving from S. iversenii. Based on the quantifications of the organic carbon concentrations, the decomposition processes of the resources were described and the kinetic coefficients evaluated. These descriptions constituted the base of the models proposed for the resource decomposition. These models allowed to infer that the used substrata constituted from a structural point of view, of composed heterogeneous, presenting labile and refracting fractions. In relation to the consumption of oxygen, the decomposition of the ruptured cells was observed to be faster than that of the whole cells; for the polysaccharides, the consumptions of oxygen were faster in the mineralization of the fractions of high molecular mass. The temperature influenced the speeds of the processes involved with the mineralization of the refracting fractions, besides altering the mineralization routes of the resources; it, also, induced the occurrence of alterations of the stoichiometric (O/C) relationships of the processes. It was possible to verify that the sugars which form these polysaccharides contributed with the supply of energy to the microorganisms during a long period. The proposed mathematical models were shown to be sensitive to the experimental results. The degradation of S. iversenii can contribute to the maintenance of the processes connected to the maintenance of the Barra Bonita Reservoir microbial loop.
Seções de choque diferenciais absolutas para o espalhamento elástico de elétrons de energias baixas e intermediárias por moléculas poliatômicas em fase gasosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-27)
Homem, Manoel Gustavo Petrucelli
;
Iga, Ione
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934634344275868
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2059356773212608
In this work we report absolute elastic differential cross sections (DCS) measurements for electron collisions with OCS, CO2, CH4, NO, N2O, CHF3 e C2F6 molecules in gas phase. The measurements cover the angular range from 10o to 130o and energy range between 50-800 eV. Crossed electron beam-molecular beam geometry is applied to measure the relative intensity of the scattered electron as a function of the scattering angle. The scattered electrons are energy-filtered by a retarding-field energy selector. The recorded scattering intensities, as a function of the scattering angle, are converted into absolute elastic DCS s using the relative flow technique. Additionally, this work reports the development of a low energy electron scattering spectrometer (E<100 eV). In this spectrometer a new technique, a magnetic angle-changing device has been constructing to extend the measurements to backward angles (up to 180o). However, the application of this technique needs more systemization. Results of DCS s using the magnetic angle changer are reported only for the argon atom for the energy of 30 eV up to 120o, showing the future prospect of this technique. In the other hand, using the new spectrometer, DCS s data are reported for the CHF3 molecule for electron energies from 10 to 30 eV up to 85o scattering angle. In summary, several results of absolute differential cross sections for the elastic electron scattering are reported to several molecular targets. The comparison between our measured data and theoretical calculation using an optical potential to represent the electron-molecule interaction as well as other available experimental data in the literature shows good agreement. Our study has shown the significant role played by the absorption effects on the calculated cross sections in the intermediate energy range.
Reintrodução de cervos-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus): uso do espaço e área de vida dos animais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-27)
Figueira, Cassio José Montagnani
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
Eleven adult marsh deers derived from the Porto Primavera population were reintroduced in two areas of São Paulo State at the end of 1998: Continental farmland (Colômbia - North São Paulo) and Jataí Ecological Station (Luís Antônio - Northeast São Paulo). The animals were radio tagged and daily monitored to survey space utilization and home-hange. Six marsh deers were reintroduced at Continental farmland (two males and four females) and surveyed from October until December 1998. The animals came to death in one to thirty days after the releases and a female disappeared in twenty days after its release probably because hunters activity. The surveys about space utilization and home-hange were unfeasible at Continental farmland by the limited survival of the animals. Five marsh deers were reintroduced at Jataí Ecological Station (two males and three females) and surveyed from December 1998 until April 2000. Two females came to death nearly two and four months after the releases and the rest remained alive during the study time. The survival of the animals at Jataí Ecological Station allowed surveys about home-range and space utilization in that area.