Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2002-04-18"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 23399

Análise da presença do glicerol no comportamento fluidodinâmico de leitos fluidizados e vibrofluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-04-18)
Daleffe, Roger Valeri
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
Vibrofluidized beds with inert particles are often used for drying pastes in a laboratory scale. Aiming to contribute to the study of paste drying in such beds, the main purpose of this work is to analyze fluid dynamic behavior of fluidized and vibrofluidized beds as a function of parameters such as the inert particle diameter, the bed temperature, the vibrational parameter and the liquid saturation rate in the bed (defined as the quotient volume of liquid/volume of particles). Curves of pressure drop fluctuations as a function of time were obtained for the tri-phase system and the effect of those parameters on the mixture minimum velocity (as proposed by Gupta and Mujumdar, 1980a) were also analyzed. As liquid phase was employed glycerol, which have been fed into the bed in a batch mode. Glycerol was chosen because it suffers practically no evaporation at the experimental conditions. As inert particles were employed glass spheres in group D of Geldart´s classification. The vibrofluidized bed was of galvanized steel, with square-cross section of 0.20x1.10 m and height of 0.20 m. Pressure drop data and superficial air velocity data were collected by pressure transducers connected to an acquisition data system. The data were collected for vibrational ranges from 0.00 to 1.50; mean particle diameters of 1.095x10-3, 1.545x10-3 e 1,850x10-3 m; bed temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 oC and saturation rates from 0.0000 to 0.0040. The results indicate that the bed temperature does not affect significantly the pressure drop curves behavior. The vibrational parameter also shows little influence on pressure drop versus air velocity curves, excepting in the transition between fluidized and vibrofluidized beds. On the other hand, the pressure drop curves behavior is strongly affected by the increasing of the liquid saturation rate and by variation of particle diameter. Analysis of standard deviation of pressure drop fluctuations shows that for conditions which are typical of a fixed bed, the standard deviations are very small and almost independent on every parameter investigated. At fluidized bed conditions, these standard deviations are significant, particularly at the greatest air velocities. It was observed that they increase a lot in the presence of vibration, even at fixed bed conditions. Besides providing additional information on the bed fluid dynamic behavior, the curves of standard deviation of pressure drop fluctuations are also useful to identify the beginning of particle displacement into the bed due to vibration. It was observed that the methodology applied to identify the minimum fluidization velocity did not provide good results, but it worked well to identify the mixture minimum velocity as defined by Gupta and Mujundar (1980a). For the conditions investigated, the mixture minimum velocity is strongly affected by the liquid saturation rate and by the particle diameter, while both the bed temperature and the vibrational parameter show little influence on it.
Estrutura populacional e aspectos reprodutivos de Potamorhina latior (Characiformes: Curimatidae) (Spix, 1829) dos lagos tributários do Rio Acre-Amapá e Pirapora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-09)
Freitas, Francisca Estela Lima
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
The aim of this work is a comparative study of the populations of Potamorhina latior (Characiformes: Curimatidae) (Spix. 1929) in the Amapa and Pirapora lakes, located in municipality of Rio Branco, seeking to gather data about structural and reproductive aspects as well as their interrelations with the environment. The initial presuposition was the both populations would show diffrent structures, due to the strong process of anthropomorphization affecting the Amapa lake, but not yet observed in the Pirapora lake. The data were collected in the periodo from April 2000 to March 2001, and comprised climatological, limnological and fish population variables expected to provide information on possible interrelations or differences between the populations. The results showed that the climatological variables kept the same pattern of unifomity observed in earlier years, but the wareer features were remarkably diffrent concerning transparency, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and conductivity. They also exhibited important diffrences in the population composition in the two lakes: the number of fish was much larger in the Pirapora; the males outnumbered the females in both lakes, though the difference was statiscally relevant only in the Amapa; the females achieved higher values in length and average weight in both lakes; both males and females in Pirapora were bigger and heavier. Moreover, in the Pirapora lake fish size for the first maturation was smaller even to males and females, and the same relation was maintained concerning size and reproduction maturity for all individuals considered. In the analysis of species fecundity conducted with females from Pirapora, diameter basis for oocytes elimination during egg laying was 0,40 mm, and fecundity ranged from 33,843 to 140,198 oocytes. Spawning was of the total type, occurring in the rainy season, probably between December and February, in accordance with observed reproductive effort defined by gonadosomatic index. According to the results found mainly for the Pirapora population, ther seems evident the need for developing further studies with this species to obtain more and deeper knowledge of its biology.
Alimentação de Potamorhina latior (Spix, 1829) (Characiformes: Curimatidae) e Anodus elongatus (Agassiz, 1829) (Characiformes: Hemiodontidae) em lagos marginais do Rio Acre-Amapá (AC) e Pirapora (AM)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-09)
Aranguren, Ligia Célia Neri
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
This study analyzesthe feeding habits and behavior of Potamorhina latior (Spix, 1829) (Characiformes: Curimatidae) and Anodus elongatus (Agassiz, 1829) (Characiformes: Hemiodontidae) in two oxbow, of the river Acre, the Amapá lake in the state of Acre and Pirapora lake in the state of Amazonas. During the period from March os 2000 to April of 2001, fish samples in the two lakes were taken and their stomach contents analyzed in order to determine their feeding habit, the preferred items in their diets, the quantitative dynamics of feeding and the similarity between the two species diets, and also to verify the relation of their diets with the seasonal variations of abiotic factors and pluviometric variations. The results showed strong differences in the diets of the species. According to the analyses of feeding frequencies, volume and indices, Potamorhina latior preferred debris followed by algae and invertebrates in the two environments both during the dry and flooding seasons. Debris represented 90% of the stomach contents, and the species can be classified as detritivorous. The same analyses carried out with Anodus elongatus revealed that the items that presented the highest frequencies in occurrence and volume were algae and zooplankton in the two lakes during both seasons, which leads to classifying the species as planktivorous. According to the distribution of algae, Euglenophyceae and Cyanophyceae predominate in the Amapa lake, while Euglenophyceae and Cholophyceae predominated in the Pirapora lake. In the case of zooplankton , Rotifera was the most representative. Spatial and seasonal variations in the diets of both species revealed little relevance, and the oscillation in the proportion of feeding items were related with their availability in the environment. Intensive feeding activity was observed in the flooding period
Análise ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Pinheiros (Município de Orleans e São Ludgero, SC), com base na caracterização e diagnóstico dos elementos da paisagem e da perda de solo por erosão laminar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-21)
Marcomin, Fátima Elizabeti
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
The environmental analysis of the Pinheiros River watershed basin was performed by means of characterization and diagnosis of the landscape factors (altitude, slope, road net, land use and type of soil) and soil loss by sheet erosion, applying this approach to fourteen subunits of landscape managing delimited on the study area. The soil loss evaluated and based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the factors making part it and the landscape structural factors were generated by the Geographical Information System (GIS) IDRISI v.2.0. Soil losses lower than 10t/ha/year predominated over the landscape subunits, being that values of soil loss, corresponding to 242.3 and 39.1 t/ha/year, were evaluated for the subunits Pinheiros River B.E and Barreira , respectively. The Barreira subunit corresponded to that of lower environmental quality risky exposure in relation to the use and soil loss, once it shows a higher percentage of vegetation area, a lower percentage of cultivation area as well as a lower average value soil loss. Pinheiros Alto River B.E. and Boa Vista , were the most exposed subunits, and where the highest a average values take place; the latter one is also that with a higher cultivation area. The integrated analysis between the soil loss (high and very high classes), are associated with the cultivation areas. Around 23% of the Pinheiros River watershed basin total area reveal soil losses above the tolerance limit, signaling the need for review concerning the soil use types and soil handing in the hope of reducing the impact effects from the erosion.
Decomposição de Staurastrum iversenii Neygaard var. americanum: efeitos da qualidade do recurso, da disponibilidade de oxigênio e da temperatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-23)
Pacobahyba, Lucilia Dias
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1990435630619505
In this work the decomposition aspects of the Staurastrum iversenii Nygaard var. americanum phytoplankton species, isolated from the Barra Bonita Reservoir (22 degrees 29 minutes S e 48 degrees 34 minutes W), were approached; as resource of the decomposition were used: cells (ruptured and whole) and polysaccharide of higher and lower molecular masses. Were approached, still, the effects of the following variables: temperature and concentration of dissolved oxygen. Therefore, decomposition chambers were set up in laboratory with cells (ruptured and whole) and polysaccharides of higher and lower molecular masses deriving from S. iversenii. Based on the quantifications of the organic carbon concentrations, the decomposition processes of the resources were described and the kinetic coefficients evaluated. These descriptions constituted the base of the models proposed for the resource decomposition. These models allowed to infer that the used substrata constituted from a structural point of view, of composed heterogeneous, presenting labile and refracting fractions. In relation to the consumption of oxygen, the decomposition of the ruptured cells was observed to be faster than that of the whole cells; for the polysaccharides, the consumptions of oxygen were faster in the mineralization of the fractions of high molecular mass. The temperature influenced the speeds of the processes involved with the mineralization of the refracting fractions, besides altering the mineralization routes of the resources; it, also, induced the occurrence of alterations of the stoichiometric (O/C) relationships of the processes. It was possible to verify that the sugars which form these polysaccharides contributed with the supply of energy to the microorganisms during a long period. The proposed mathematical models were shown to be sensitive to the experimental results. The degradation of S. iversenii can contribute to the maintenance of the processes connected to the maintenance of the Barra Bonita Reservoir microbial loop.
Seções de choque diferenciais absolutas para o espalhamento elástico de elétrons de energias baixas e intermediárias por moléculas poliatômicas em fase gasosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-27)
Homem, Manoel Gustavo Petrucelli
;
Iga, Ione
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934634344275868
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2059356773212608
In this work we report absolute elastic differential cross sections (DCS) measurements for electron collisions with OCS, CO2, CH4, NO, N2O, CHF3 e C2F6 molecules in gas phase. The measurements cover the angular range from 10o to 130o and energy range between 50-800 eV. Crossed electron beam-molecular beam geometry is applied to measure the relative intensity of the scattered electron as a function of the scattering angle. The scattered electrons are energy-filtered by a retarding-field energy selector. The recorded scattering intensities, as a function of the scattering angle, are converted into absolute elastic DCS s using the relative flow technique. Additionally, this work reports the development of a low energy electron scattering spectrometer (E<100 eV). In this spectrometer a new technique, a magnetic angle-changing device has been constructing to extend the measurements to backward angles (up to 180o). However, the application of this technique needs more systemization. Results of DCS s using the magnetic angle changer are reported only for the argon atom for the energy of 30 eV up to 120o, showing the future prospect of this technique. In the other hand, using the new spectrometer, DCS s data are reported for the CHF3 molecule for electron energies from 10 to 30 eV up to 85o scattering angle. In summary, several results of absolute differential cross sections for the elastic electron scattering are reported to several molecular targets. The comparison between our measured data and theoretical calculation using an optical potential to represent the electron-molecule interaction as well as other available experimental data in the literature shows good agreement. Our study has shown the significant role played by the absorption effects on the calculated cross sections in the intermediate energy range.
Reintrodução de cervos-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus): uso do espaço e área de vida dos animais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-27)
Figueira, Cassio José Montagnani
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
Eleven adult marsh deers derived from the Porto Primavera population were reintroduced in two areas of São Paulo State at the end of 1998: Continental farmland (Colômbia - North São Paulo) and Jataí Ecological Station (Luís Antônio - Northeast São Paulo). The animals were radio tagged and daily monitored to survey space utilization and home-hange. Six marsh deers were reintroduced at Continental farmland (two males and four females) and surveyed from October until December 1998. The animals came to death in one to thirty days after the releases and a female disappeared in twenty days after its release probably because hunters activity. The surveys about space utilization and home-hange were unfeasible at Continental farmland by the limited survival of the animals. Five marsh deers were reintroduced at Jataí Ecological Station (two males and three females) and surveyed from December 1998 until April 2000. Two females came to death nearly two and four months after the releases and the rest remained alive during the study time. The survival of the animals at Jataí Ecological Station allowed surveys about home-range and space utilization in that area.
Entre o peixe e o dendê; etnoecologia do povo dos Marimbús (Chapada Diamantina - BA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-28)
Moura, Flávia de Barros Prado
;
Nordi, Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
;
Marques, José Geraldo Wanderley
This study documents traditional ecological knowledge by a human population living in Chapada Diamantina, Northeast Brazil. The field work was carried out from June 1998 to May 1999 and included: open-ended interviews, structured interviews, direct observation, questionnaires and tours guided by fishermen. Fish and plants species were collected and taxonomically identified. The consistence of fishermen´s knowledge was observed through compared cognition tables. Local knowledge related to spatiotemporal distribution of fish, ethology, feeding behavior and fish reproduction are fundamental for fishing activities. Plant use is extensive: 131 species of plants medicinally, 69 species for food, 44 for firewood, 38 for house building, and 23 for fishing practices. 72 products from 52 species of animals were reported to be used for prevention and cure 40 physically or spiritually derived illnesses. Most of the medicines (55 %) are derived from by-products of animals normally hunted for food intention. Traditional knowledge about fish species was gathered and proved to be consistent with data from scientific literature. Local knowledge is fundamental for fishing activities and should be taken into account in the planning of sustainable management for the area, which has been set aside by government as an APA (Environmental Protection Area).
Interações de agentes naturais no controle populacional de Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (1797) (Lepidoptera:Nocturidae) em milho (Zea mays)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-28)
Mantrangolo, Walter José Rodrigues
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
It was evaluated the possible interactions among the following agents of natural control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Campoletis flavicincta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV - Sf) and different maize genotypes with different levels of genetic resistance [Resistant exotic parental Zapalote Chico (ZC) (Zea mays), the adapted parental BR 105, and four semi-exotic populations, with different percentages of gene introgression: 50% of ZC + 50% of BR 105 (or simply F1), 25% of ZC + 75% of BR 105 (backcross 1 or simply BC1), 12,5% of ZC + 87,5% of BR 105 (or BC2) and 6,25% of ZC + 93,75% of BR 105 (or BC3)]. The incubation period of the eggs of C. flavicincta was approximately 48 hours. Most of the caterpillars of S. frugiperda contained more than one eggs of the parasitoid. However, 24h after eggs eclosion, it was observed the presence of only one developed larvae in the same caterpillar. Probably there is a competition among newly hatched larvae and through physical attack only one survives. Females of the parasitoid laid more eggs in healthy caterpillar than in infected one, when they did not have choice option. When in contact with healthy caterpillars and infected by NPV - Sf at the same time, there was not difference in the number of deposited eggs, probably because the female could not discriminate between of healthy or NPV infected host. In olfactometer test, healthy S. frugiperda larva and corn leaf attracted 50% of the C. flavicincta females. In the treatment with infected caterpillars and your leaf, they were attracted 32,1% of the females. Where just had leaves, that value was of 14,3% and the witness, without any scent source, it attracted only 3,5% of the females. To discriminate healthy hosts of having infected can minimize the negative impact of NPV - Sf on the parasitoids. Increase of the size of the caterpillar implicates in a reduction in the efficiency of the virus. The united use of virus and parasitoid in laboratory increased the mortality of caterpillars of S. frugiperda in laboratory, when compared with the treatment where was just used the virus. As larger the interval of time between parasitism and infection, larger the survival of C. flavicincta. The previous infection with NPV - Sf reduced the emergency of the parasitóide, mainly in caterpillars infected in the 2nd and 3rd days of life. Not only originated females of caterpillars infected by the virus they were capable to transmit the pathogen for healthy caterpillars, but also those females initially exempt of the virus, but that were coupled with males originating from of infected caterpillars. In laboratory, the genetic materials didn't indicate significant differences in the biological parameters (efficiency of parasitism, weight of healthy caterpillars and sponged, weigh of the pupas, duration of the phase pupal and sexual reason of the host and of the parasitoid). In the field smallest number was collected of caterpillars of size 3 and any caterpillar of size 4 in ZC, besides smallest number of caterpillars of S. frugiperda, of pupae of the parasitoid and where the damage level was smaller, indicating that there was effect of that material.
Distribuição e abundância de peixes de corredeiras e suas relações com características de hábitat local, bacia de drenagem e posição espacial em riachos de Mata Atlântica (bacia do rio Maquiné, RS, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-05-29)
Becker, Fernando Gertum
;
Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
The relationship between fish, local habitat, catchment characteristics spatial position in riffles of the Maquiné river basin (RS, Brazil) was studied. Results were discussed considering present and historical states of conservation of the basin, which was determined from Landsat TM5 images. Fish data were obtained from qualitative sampling and quantitative sampling. The later involved standardized kick-sampling in 24 riffles. Sampling occurred seasonally from August 1999 to June 2000. A total of 72 fish species occur at the Maquiné river basin. Only 3 species occur at the headwaters, 1 at the slope of the Serra Geral and 68 from valley bottoms to the river mouth. Among the later, 20 occur exclusively in valley bottom stream sections and not in Coastal Plain habitats. From these, 8 benthic riffle species were investigated for relations with habitat and catchment characteristics. The spatial pattern of assemblage variation allowed the description of four assemblage types: a)assemblages dominated by Hemipsilichthys spp; b) with high relative abundance of Hemipsilichthys spp, but other species being also abundant, c) with intermediary total abundance, dominated by R. aequalicuspis, E. bilineatus and C. pterostictum; d) with low total abundance, dominated by R. aequalicuspis. Assemblages were seasonally persistent and proportional abundance was stable. Although local habitat characteristics have significantly contributed to explain variation in the data, the observed patterns reflected the control of catchment characteristics over local habitat and fish assemblages. Although spatial position was important both at the individual stream and basin scales, assemblage characteristics were also related to catchment area. The state of conservation at the catchment scale did not present evident relationships with fish assemblage characteristics and some hypothesis explaining this finding are discussed. The present process of vegetation recovery, the relatively high number of species and the biogeographic situation of the Maquiné basin indicate that it should be contemplated in conservation programs. Theregion is promising for investigating how lotic ecosystems respond to landscape recovery in their catchments.
Fragmentos de florestas Atlânticas no Rio Grande do Norte: relações estruturais, florísticas e fitogeográficas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-06-03)
Cestaro, Luiz Antonio
;
Soares, João Juares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
The knowledge about Brazilian Atlantic forests in its northerm limit of distribution, in the transition to Caatingas, is will very scarce, mainly in the Rio Grande do Norte State, were the small and rare forest fragments still existing are almost totally ecological and phytogeographically ignored. We suppose that this fragments occurs on sandy, dystrophic and deep soils and that the rain gradient is the main factor to determinate different patterns of vegetation types in the east-west direction. The aims of this work are to characterize floristic and structurally the tree layer of four forest fragments ant to determine its relationships with the nearest phytogeographical provinces. Three semi-deciduous and one deciduous fragments were analyzed, all near of the Natal City, almost perpendicular to the coast. Two fragments, a semi-deciduous and the deciduous, were stretched in two parts according to the relief differences. The point-centered quarter method was used to sample, in the six areas, the standing and living trees with stem perimeter at 1,3 m heigth equal or superior to 10 cm. To each tree were considered: the species name, height estimated, stem perimeter(s) and the distance to the point. Data were worked at spreadsheets to obtain total density, specific and total basal areas and relatives frequency, density, dominance, importance value and dominance value, H'diversity and J' equability were obtained to each area. To a semi-deicuous forest and to the deciduous one the proportion of species connected to different phytogeographical provinces was obtained. The structure and the floristic composition of the areas were compared. The structure, by means of tree heights, stem diameter and basal area and the floristic composition, by means of Sorensen and Czekanowski similarity indices. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) was used to classify the areas. In all areas 117 species were observed, being 89 in the semi-deciduous forest and 66 in the deciduous forest. Fabaceae and Mytaceae are the richest families. The tree densities vary from 2403 to 1526 individual/ha. The semi-deciduous forests generally are tallest and have a biggest basal area (from 22,29 to 39,84 m2/ha) than deciduous forest, with a basal area of 15,87 m2/ha. The diversity vary between 2,8 and 3,27 nat/individual and the equability between 0,77 and 0,82 to the semi-deciduous forests, while to the deciduous forest the H' values are 3,19 and 3,26 nat/individual and the j' values are 0,79 snf 0.86. Two floristic groups were obtained by classification. One compounded by semi-deciduous forests and another with the deciduous one. The semi-deciduous forests have the highest proportion of species associated to the Atlantic province and a high proportion of wide distribution. Neotropical species, especially in the gallery forests of the Cerrados. Few species are shared with the Caatingas. The deciduous forest has similiar proportions of species from Atlantic, Caatingas provinces of wide distribution species, being considered as transitional vegetation between the first two provinces. The rain gradient determines the distinction of semi-deciduous forest from the deciduous one, while the edaphic and geomorphologic factos are responsible by different semi-deciduous forest types. The floristic and structural variability observed in a semi-deciduous fragment is associated to the relief and soil variations, being the upper area a transition to the coastal "tabuleiros" savannas, while the lower area, a transition to the gallery forest. The deciduous forest presents low structural internal variability, but with typical species of dry forests in the upper area and typical species of Caatingas in the lower area. The results point out the complexity of the vegetational mosaic in the transitional area between Atlantic and Caatingas provinces in the Rio Grande do Norte State
Pré-condicionamento em sementes de Cassia excelsa Schrad
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-06-05)
Jeller, Helma
;
Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
Cassia excelsa is a woody species commun in cerrado and srubland of brazilian northeast, known by cassia-do-nordeste . It could be used in landscape place and due to small size is used in street arborization, and could be recommended to recomposition of degradated areas. The aim of this work was to extend the knowlege about the ecophysiological behaviour, with the the study of priming in seed germination. For this purpuse, it was evaluated the effects of water and PEG solutions (-0,2; -0,4 and -0,6 MPa) in uptake process at 20ºC. The effects of the drying and storage after priming; the answer under water, thermic and salt stress after priming was also verified. Besides it, the priming effects in seed viability and vigor under optimal conditions (27ºC) were observed by eletrical conductivity, accelerated aging and submersion tests. In all the tests was used 4 replicates of 25 seeds, with daily evaluation, and considered germinated when radicle was > 2 mm long. According to the results of uptake curve of Cassia excelsa seeds was observed that with the decreased in the osmotic potential increase the time necessary to priming. At optimal temperature (27ºC) the answer of primed seeds was efficient if water or PEG solution at -0,2 MPa was used, and this answer is maintened after 15 days of storage at 5ºC, but the drying of the seeds overcome the positive effects of the pré-treatment. The priming in water or in PEG solutions increased germination percentage under water, salt and thermal stress, however, with restriction to germination rate. The electrical conductivity of the primed seeds in water or in PEG was reduced, constrated to the non-primed seeds, and increased in the dried seeds after the priming. The priming in water or PEG was efficiente to overcome the deteriorative process occurring in aging, in dehidrated and in moist seeds, after priming. The seed vigor of primed seeds was no affected by submersion in distilled water during diferents time periods.
Caracterização estrutural e funcional de hemoglobinas de skua, Catharacta maccormicki
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-06-05)
Landini, Gustavo Fraga
;
Schwantes, Arno Rudi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515297609478949
Hemoglobin samples of Catharacta maccormiki (Skua), an Antarctic bird, collected in winter and in summer were studied. Starch gel eletrophoretic pattern hemoglobin oxygen affinities on blood and stripped hemoglobin; influence of organic phosphates that may change affinity and level of those intra-erythrocytic phosphates were analyzed. No differences were found in Hb-O2 affinities for samples collected in winter and in summer, which leads to believe that migration (Winter) is not a factor for the oxygen affinities in blood. Bohr effect for both situations was practically the same (Φ= -2,1), indicating normal Bohr effect. The 5 samples show a electrophoretic pattern of two components, so, no evidence of intra-specific variation was found. For the stripped hemoglobin the P50 values were inferior to the ones obtained for whole blood, showing a higher affinity for the hemoglobin to oxygen in the absence of possible modulators. The Bohr effect in the alkaline side (pH 7 8) was normal (Φ = -1,9), and in the acid side it was reverse, characteristic of birds hemoglobin. The influence of organic phosphates that could affect oxygen affinity was also tested. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3DPG) and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) were added to the stripped hemoglobin in order to test them as modulators. Negative hemoglobin oxygen affinity modulation was observed after addition of both phosphates. IHP is more effective than 2,3DPG. For animal collected during winter only the GTP was present in its erythrocytes, while the summer ones ATP was found instead of GTP. No differences was found in the concentration of inositol penta and hexaphosphsphate in samples collected in the two seasons. No 2,3DPG were found in any sample.
Diagnóstico ambiental integrado e subsídios ao estabelecimento de metas de qualidade da água na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Jaboatão (PE)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-06-11)
Souza, Antonio Donizetti Gonçalves de
;
Tundisi, José Galizia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6166513254973886
The main subject of the present work was to realize integrate environmental study in the Jaboatão River, a densely urbanized and industrialized basin, and to offer subsidies to the establishment of water quality goals. Eight sampling points were established and was sampling monthly during period from September/97 to February/99. The following variables were analyzed: temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, chlorine, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, fecal coliforms, nitrate, total phosphorus, total solids, Ca, Mg, Na, K and Fe. The sediments were collected at four sites being analyzed the metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. Water quality historical data (1986-1996) were also recovered and analyzed. The following thematic maps were produced: land uses, legal protection, hydrography, municipal limits, geology, soils, water withdrawals and industrial sources of pollution. Based on maps of the legal protection areas, water withdrawals and industries, regions with water uses restrictions were delimited. Within these regions groups of water bodies were established using guidelines for protection and recovery and proposing water quality classes based on CONAMA resolution 20/86. The results demonstrate a condition of environmental degradation as attested to by several water quality variables analyzed. In the stations representing urbanized areas, the worst water quality conditions were found, especially in the summer period, resulting from industrial and domestic effluents. The critical variables were dissolved oxygen, fecal coliformes, and total phosphorus, placed the area within class 3 and 4 according CONAMA resolution 20/86. Water use regulation was proposed as a useful tool in beginning discussing of water quality goals according classification system proposed by the CONAMA resolution 20/86. The approach presented in this study can be used as a subsidy by public agencies, stakeholders and citizens responsible for establishing guidelines and effective measures for watershed protection and recovery.
Trabalhando pelo sucesso escolar: as vivências de uma professora em seu primeiro ano de atuação na escola pública.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-06-12)
Silveira, Maria de Fátima Lopes da
;
Lima, Emília Freitas de
This work is orderly following this question: How to configure the professional learning of the teacher in the beginning of the carrier, in attempt to overcome the scholar failure of second grade students of the public elementary school? The research started beginning in 1999, during my first experience as teacher in the school in São Carlos-SP-Brazil. In this work, between the learning, is possible to detach: the attribution of the meanings to the theoretical references getting during the process of the fundamental development, and how to translate to the professional practice engaged with the scholar success; the construction of the teaching process related to the reading and writing (Ferreiro, 1995).
Ecologia da comunidade aquática de um riacho de 1ª ordem da Mata Atlântica: relações entre variáveis estruturais e bióticas em uma reserva de biosfera tropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-07-05)
Vilella, Fábio Silveira
;
Hartz, Maria
;
Barbieri, Geraldo
This study was developed in arroio Carvão, a 1ª order stream at the Maquiné watershed, in the southern part of Atlantic Rain Forest, Brazil. The headwaters are within the Serra Geral Biological Reserve, a conservation unit that is a regional biodiversity core area of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve. The research was developed to identify the role of physical and chemical variables of the environment and the interactions of phoresis between species as elements that influence community structure in the stream. The results indicate the existence of a hierarchical relationship between the environmental variables and its influence on the community structure. It also reveals that morphological features and adaptations of the fauna to the lotic environmental pressure could turn highly elaborate and efficient, allowing the animals to neutralize or even transpose the environmental pressure. Phoresis, a non-negative form of interaction between species, represents an alternative way for animals morphologically less adapted to the lotic system, to colonize and establish on more favorable places in the stream. It is also discussed the evolutionary significance of phoresis.
Ruídos e processos quânticos fundamentais em íons aprisionados e ondas propagantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-07-22)
Serra, Roberto Menezes
;
Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2538824540800669
In this work we present a proposal protocol for engineering arbitrary motional states of trapped ions.Our scheme is based on both techniques of quantum state sculpture and projection synthesis. Next, we investigate the decoherence process in ion traps due to the polarization of the residual background gas. Our results are compared with experimental data round in the literature. We also introduce a scheme for probing the tunneling mechanism os a single ion trapped in a double-well electromagnetic potential. The tunneling process is characterized through the probability for a fluorescence measurement of electronic ground state of trapped ion. Finally in the running wave domain, we present a protocol for the teleportation of an entangled of zero- and one- photon states of the running wave field. We consider the process of photoabsorption in the linear and nonlinear optical elements required to achieve 100% of probability of sucess in the ideal case.
Bases teóricas, metodologia de elaboração e aplicabilidade de indicadores intra-urbanos na gestão municipal da qualidade de vida urbana em grandes cidades: o caso de Belo Horizonte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-07-25)
Nahas, Maria Inês Pedrosa
;
Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7384788149860065
Impactos das atividades antrópicas sobre a comunidade dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos do Rio Cuiabá e Várzea Grande - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-08-02)
Lima, João Batista
;
Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
The benthonic macroinvertebrates community has been widely used to evaluate the effects of the anthropic activities on the aquatic ecosystems, but in brazil the studies on the taxocenosis of the macroinvertebrates are scarce, particularly for large rivers crossing metropolitan regions and therefore under urban impacts. The distribution of the macroinvertebrates as well the physical and chemical parameters of the water was studied along the Cuiaba River, between the cities Varzea Grande and Cuiaba. It is noteworthy that these two cities throw out domestic sewage and industrial effluents into the river. The study was conducted during the periods of rainy and dry seasons in the years of 1999 and 2000. During this time the closing of the storage dam of Manso River was completed. This river is one of the main affluents of the Cuiabá River, upstream to the studies region. The sampling was made at six sites in both margins using artificial substrates exposed during six weeks. The resultes shoed differences in the taxocenotic structure of the macroinvertebrate community, and in the physical and chemical parameters of the water. These differences were related to the urban impact and to the closing of dam. The left margin in station 1 has been the best distribution standard of benthonic macroinvertebrates in relation of the others places, it was reflected by the indices of diversity. Oligochaeta and Chironomidae larvae were dominants along the river, however Chironomidae was more abundant in dry seasons and Oligochaeta in rainy seasons.
Caracterização de sistemas varistores a base de SnO2-MnO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-08-02)
Orlandi, Marcelo Ornaghi
;
Leite, Edson Roberto
;
Longo, Elson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
This work focussed on the effect of addition of Nb2O5 on the electrical and microestructural properties of SnO2-MnO2 based ceramics. It was also studied the effect of heat-treatments in a oxygen-rich atmosphere in these properties. The parent system was 99,5% SnO2-0,5% MnO2 in molar ratio, a dense system that did not present non-ohmic behavior. The addition of Nb2O5 on this system promoted an increase on the charge carrier number in the SnO2 matrix and, then, varistor properties were observed. Otherwise, the upper doping level, 0.25% mol of Nb2O5 system showed an higher porosity, due to the decrease on the thermal sintering properties, that depleted the varistor characteristic of this system. A detailed study on the electrical properties were performed using impedance spectroscopy and the obtained results showed that Nb2O5 tends to form an electronic trapping level between the valence and the conduction bands, modifying the potential barrier properties formed in the grain boundaries region. In order to explain the obtained results, it was proposed a parallel equivalent circuit model, based on the grain boundaries contributions to electrical properties. Heat-treatments under oxygen-rich atmosphere did not changed the observed electrical properties in the systems, due to the presence of numerous secondary phases (rich in oxygen and manganese), localized in triple points in the grain boundaries. It is pointed the there is a oxygen local enrichment in these phases, not significantly altering the observed macroscopical electrical characteristics in the analyzed systems.