Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2002-08-14"

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Hematologia, bioquímica do sangue, parasitologia, microbiologia, algas epizoárias e histopatologia de Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudinata, Chelidae), expostos a diferentes influências antrópicas no rio Uberabinha, Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-08-14)
Brite, Vera Lucia de Campos
;
Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
Comparative studies of morphometry, microbiology, hematology, blood biochemistry, histopathology, hematozoary research, ectoparasites and epizoary algae were performed between two subpopulations of the freshwater turtle Phrynops geoffroanus captured in two areas of the Uberabinha River. One area drains regional agriculture (18º58'35 S and 48º17'11 W), while the second is predominantely urban (18º5'10 S and 48º18'09 W). From December, 1999 to January 2001, field and laboratory work were accomplished characterizing the two areas as to the geographical relief, the plant life on the river margins, the air temperature and relative humidity, microbiology and several physical-chemical parameters of the water and residues of organochlorine (agricultural chemical) from the river sediment. To test differences between the two areas, climatic data, twelve physical-chemical parameters and water instantaneous speed were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test at a 5% significance level. Significant differences in the relative humidity of the air, total dissolved solids, suspended solids, electric conductivity, temperature, transparency, nitrites and turbidity of the river water were all verified. The urbanized area presented smaller conservation in the margins vegetation, lowest air relative humidity, water with larger concentrations of total dissolved solids, suspended solids, nitrite, larger electric conductivity, smaller transparency, larger turbidity, larger variety of microorganisms and organochlorate residues, being that the transheptachlor, endossulfan and atrazine indexes were higher in the agricultural area.The different human-related influences on soil use were reflected in the composition of the flora on the river s margins and in the aquatic ecosystem, resulting in high levels mainly of phosphate, nitrogen, atrazine, transheptaclor, endosulfan and BHC, as well as water bacterial contamination. The fifty eight P. geoffroanus were captured in January of 2000, being 16 males and 16 females coming from the urban area and 12 males and 14 females from the agricultural area. To collect the Phrynops two funnel traps were used containing fish, chicken viscera and bovine heart as bait. The Phrynops were transported to the Reptiles Section at the Federal University of Uberlândia where they were sexed, marked individually and housed in concrete tanks. The ectoparasites and samples of the algae attached to the shells were collected and preserved. Blood samples were drawn for the glicemia determination. The morphometric data and the blood sample for hematozoary investigations together with hematological and biochemical blood analyses were also obtained from the turtles. Later, three males and three females from each subpopulation were sacrificed by decapitation for macroscopic analysis of the organs and histopathological studies. All the blood tests were performed during the summer. Analysis of the 15 morphometric characters and of the body mass data (ANOVA and ACP, 5% significance level) evidenced an accentuated sexual dimorphism; however, the different environmental conditions to which the two subpopulations were exposed didn't interfere in the size or in the form of the turtles. The microbiological analysis of the samples collected from the oral cavity, cloaca and the neck folds showed that the subpopulation from the urban area had a larger proportion of microorganisms in relation to that of the agricultural area (x2 = 31,0; P < 0,001). There were no significant differences among the proportions of microorganisms on body parts in relation to the geographical areas (x2= 0,017; P > 0,05). In both sample the oral cavity was the most infected (x2= 1,5897; P < 0,05). In the two subpopulations, the number of species of isolated microorganisms in the turtles was superior to the number of species found in the water of the river, with a few differences in the urban area. Although in this area a larger diversity of microorganisms, in the water and in the turtles, was found. A higher percentage of occurrence of the alga Basicladia chelonum, in the turtles shells was verified in the urban sample (43,8%) in relation to the agricultural sample (30,8%). Hemogregarine intraeritrocitary gametocytes were found in 27,6% of blood smears from P. geoffroanus, with a larger occurrence in the urban area. Ectoparasitism by leeches (Placobdella bistriata) was verified only in specimens from the urban area, and of the nine, six turtles were also infected by hemogregarine. Among the P. geoffroanus sacrificed, specimens from the agricultural area presented smaller amounts of fatty reserve tissue, more compact skeletal muscles, a more strong red color and dilation of some lung alveoli, indicating more physical activity compared with those from the urban area. The turtles from the urban area presented larger alterations as evidenced by the histopathological analysis, such as: discreet edema in the encephalon and the heart; cartilaginous formation in pulmonary alveolus and focal pneumonia; liver, pancreas, splein, kidney and stomach with inflamatory infiltrate and suggestive trematodes granulomas; hemossiderose in the liver and spleen. The hematological and biochemical data from the blood analysis were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA, at a 5% significant level) for hypothesis testing and a difference of averages test (Tukey s test) to verify differences among the averages. Significant differences in relation to sex were obtained in 50% of the blood parameters (leucocyte numbers, eosinophyle percentages, hemoglobin, iron, phosphate, medium corpuscular hemoglobin, medium corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, ionized calcium, total proteins, albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, gamma globulin, cholesterol high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, creatine kinase, gamma glutamil transferin, amilasys, lipase, uric acid, chloride and magnesium). In relation to the two geographical areas, 88% of the parameters were statistically significant (eritrocyte numbers, leucocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, heterophils, azurophils, hemoglobin, hematocrite, medium corpuscular hemoglobin and all the biochemical parameters, except to clotting blood). For the interaction area-sex analysis, 16% of the variables were significantly different (medium corpuscular hemoglobin, medium corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leucocytes number, alkaline phosphatases, uric acid, beta globulin, iron and magnesium) between the two samples. The impact due to human intervention in terms of the different soil uses apparently caused environmental degradation interfering in most of the hematological and biochemical blood parameters between the two turtle subpopulations of the Uberabinha River. That, associated with the histopathological results, parasitological and the microbiological findings indicates that the environmental conditions, especially those related to the aquatic ecosystem, interfered in the physiology and could compromise the health of these turtles. Although the reference intervals of hemogram, electrophoresis and biochemical blood parameters used in the present study are important tools in the health control and diagnosis animal of diseases, they should not be considered as standard for this species, whose geographical distribution is wide, inhabiting ponds, streams and rivers with very diversified hidrogeochemical characteristics. Keywords: Phrynops geoffroanus, environmental contamination, morphometry, bacteria, epizoary algae, parasite infestation, hematology, histopathology, clinical biochemistry.
Análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos danos ambientais do município de São Carlos (SP) com base em instrumentos jurídicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-08-19)
Cintra, Roberta Hehl de Sylos
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
The public instauration and registration of environmental damages in the local landscape became a fundamental tool to collect information with easiness and reliability. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the environmental damages was accomplished in the municipal district of São Carlos, SP, based on the organization and analysis of a database contemplating the juridical instruments established to the State public prosecution service, in the perspective of a diagnosis and of the environmental quality of the local landscape in terms of the relationship among the environmental damages and the current development trajectories. It was organized in a database 326 Administrative Procedures and 22 Public Civil Actions, totaling 348 prosecution registrations of environmental damages, in the period regarding 1991-2000. The environmental damages were classified in nine types, being deforestation the one of larger occurrence in every year and along the study period. Of the total number of deforestation 82,9% is related with areas smaller than five hectares, with prevalence of the performance of natural persons in relation to legal entities. It corresponds to 9,8% of the deforested total area, being equal to 110,35 hectares. The remaining 17,1% are associated with areas larger than five hectares embracing 90,2% of the deforested total area, being equal to 1013,27 hectares. The 217 registrations of environmental damages in the period from 1991 to 2000 determined a total loss of 1121,62 hectares of the vegetation component of the local landscape. In a rude estimate this total corresponds to the medium losses of 5,91 ±4,14 ha/occurrence and of 112,36 ± 91,73 ha/year of deforested area. The occurrence of environmental damages in Permanent Protection Areas, in number and in extension of deforested area, it is basically associated to the net road and to the riparian vegetation of the local watersheds. This process evidences the compromising of the environmental quality of the water resource, and landscape areas of hills and hillsides, in terms of the habitat loss and of the associated biodiversity. These results doesn t correspond to the real scenery of the local landscape conditions, once the environmental damages were not registered in your totality. It is fundamental the interaction among the information registered by the fiscal organs and those responsible ones by the elaboration and application of the guidelines for local development.
Estudo da influência de baixos teores de platina em catalisadores Ni/γ-Al2O3 nos processos de reforma a vapor, oxidação parcial e reforma oxidativa do metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-08-22)
Dias, Joelmir Augusto Costa
;
Assaf, José Mansur
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8994385933947902
;
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5458-7765
The effect of platinum addition in low contents (0.1 and 0.3 % wt.) in nickel supported γ−alumina catalyst (15% Ni wt.) has been investigated. The samples were prepared by successive wet impregnations of metal ions over alumina and calcined at 600oC. X-Ray diffraction analysis showed that, structurally, platinum did not make sensitive changes in the catalyst precursor. No changes have been observed in textural properties, as shown by B.E.T. and pore-volume experiments. However, temperature programmed reduction showed that platinum facilitates the reduction of nickel during the activation step. According to the temperature programmed hydrogen desorption analysis, a sensitive increasing in metallic area and a decrease in metallic particles size were observed. The promotion effect of platinum in steam reforming, partial oxidation and the oxidative reforming reactions was related with the metallic area increase or the metallic particle size decrease, increasing the methane conversion with the increase in the metallic area in the case of steam and oxidative reforming, and decreasing the specific activity with the decrease in the metallic particle size, in the case of partial oxidation. Diffuse reflectance of infrared spectroscopy analysis of reduced samples showed that, in these low contents, the platinum do not influences significantly the carbon monoxide adsorption over nickel. This is evidence that there are no sensitive electronic changes in nickel sites by these low platinum contents. The hydrogen production per methane consumed for oxidative reforming of methane is the largest of these three processes, making this process the most advantageous for hydrogen generation for fuel cells.
Uma arquitetura de segurança para ambientes de educação a distância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-08-27)
Castro, Reinaldo de Oliveira
;
Biajiz, Mauro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8331600770992494
Distance Education (DE) is a very important theme that has been discussed intensively owing to the growing demand for continued education and to the modernization and availability of new technologies. Several DE environments have emerged as a result of the increasing popularity of the Internet, each offering a variety of resources, mainly to maximize the teaching/learning process. Due to its relevance to the DE theory, this process has been the focus of several researches aimed at developing this type of environment. As a result, designers and developers have devoted little attention to subjects not directly related to it. The purpose of this work, therefore, is precisely to broach on of these subjects, in the form of a safety architecture for DE environments that takes into account the aspects of authentication and control of user access. From the standpoint of authentication, the architecture employs the password and random question mechanisms coded using cryptographic keys. With regard to access control, the scheme formulated for the architecture combines a series of techniques that allow the manager of course in a DE environment the maximum flexibility and simplicity in managing the authorizations attributed to the users registered in the course. These techniques involve the use of collective/individual authorizations, positive/negative authorizations, and explicit/implicit authorizations.
Implementação dos serviços de comunicação e monitoração em um ambiente para desenvolvimento de sistemas distribuídos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-08-30)
Góis, Lourival Aparecido de
;
Moron, Célio Estevan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8635476812779360
The TEV (Teaching Environment for Virtuoso) environment is a set of teaching tools that support the phases of analysis, design, implementation, depuration and test of real-time applications which are executed using the Virtuoso (Virtual Single Processor Programming System) kernel. This environment allows the application designer to graphically define the application data structures through an editor, write the C language code of the tasks and functions of the application and, finally, generate the necessary files to compile the application. These facilities solve most of the problems while generating of real-time applications, however, they do not support distributed applications. This master research aims at modeling and implementing an API (Application Programming Interface), based on TCP/IP protocols, to be used together with the TEV environment in order to provide some functionality related to real-time application generation on a network structure as well as to deal with some problems related to transparency in the communication between the protocols and the application processes. Based on this API, a generator, called AGAD, was developed to be used in the implementation and monitoring of the tasks involved with the communication. This work presents the API modeling, its utilization on the creation of the AGAD and the integration of the with TEV.
Investigação da formação da fase óxido e estudo da influência da microestrutura e morfologia nas propriedades eletrocrômicas de filmes finos de Nb2O5
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-08-30)
Rosário, Adriane Viana do
;
Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
Nb2O5 is known by your capacity of optical absorption variation, which it happens due to reduction and small ions intercalation, such as Li+, double process. In this work, Nb2O5 electrochromic films were produced by Pechini method and deposited by dip-coating. Firstly, the composition variables effect of the oxide precursor solution it was investigated by thermal analysis measure. TG and DSC techniques were used to monitoring the organic part degradation process until to the oxide formation. It was observed that both variables, citric acid concentration and niobium concentration, to exercise great influence in the polymeric precursor complex. The composition variables and the calcination temperature effects were studied by different techniques, such as: cyclic voltammetry in LiClO4/CH3CN solution, in situ UV-Vis spectrophotometry, MEV and XRD. This study was realized based to Factorial Design methodology, and us allowed to direction the following stages of work. It was observed that changes in the variables, leads to important changes in the morphological and structural properties and, consequently, in the Nb2O5 films electro-optical properties. The variable that showed largest effect was the citric acid/ethylene glycol molar ratio, which is responsible for the polymeric net formation. The film crystallinity influence was investigated in more details and one was observed the relationship between the crystalline structure and the Li+ intercalation/extraction process reversibility. A great decrease of electrochemical answer was observed in function of the cyclicality for films treated to 400 ºC and 450ºC. However, with the calcination temperature increases this effect practically does not occur. XRD studies showed that to 400ºC the material is amorphous, evolving to hexagonal phase (500ºC), and, to 600ºC the ortorrhombic phase prevails. The transmittance variation, as well as, the coloration efficiency increases with the temperature increase. Another important stage of this work was the study of addition of different dopants effect on film electrochromic properties. Nb2O5 was doped with TiO2, SnO2, ZrO2 and CeO2 in concentrations between 0.1 and 10 mol%. In all cases, it was observed an increase of electrochemical and optical properties. However, for higher dopant concentration, it should probably happen the segregation of a second phase, once the intercalation charges and coloration efficiency values decrease. ZrO2 showed be the best dopant in 2.0 mol% concentration.
Influência do cultivo de mexilhões sobre o habitat bentônico na Enseada da Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, SC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-09-05)
Marenzi, Adriano Weidner Cacciatori
;
Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
Mussel culture is an important activity in the state of Santa Catarina, where is developed in almost all the bays and roadsteads. This activity places the state in evidence in Latin America s production. However, this development has been spread in a disorganized way, generating environmental impacts, mainly those arisen from bio deposition of organic material at cultivation areas. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate a roadstead under cultivating influences, determining changes in sediment and benthic macro invertebrate s communities. Three sampling points were chosen according to activity time and intensity. Therefore, the level of organic material in the sediment, the structure and composition of the benthic community were accessed. Results showed that sand was the main material in sediment and rough particles are predominant near the shore side. The carbonate, silt and gravel levels were high at intense cultivating areas. However, differences concerning organic materials were not observed between cultivated and non-cultivated areas. The fauna collected was represented by 65 species belonging to 7 phyla, being the ophiurans more frequently found in the samples. Even though there were no meaningful differences between time and place for picking up samples, higher density and abundance occurred during winter and fall within non-cultivated areas, where debris eater s mollusks are highlighted. Higher richness and diversity were detected during winter and summer time in intensively cultivated areas, with great participation of polychaeta species. Results showed that mussel cultures are not causing direct impacts once the wind action promotes a situation of high hydrodynamics in the region and is a determinative factor in sediment constitution and benthic fauna.
Desenvolvimento de um equipamento para avaliar propriedades elásticas de cerâmicas refratárias a altas temperaturas pelo método de ressonância de barras.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-09-12)
Paiva, Antônio Ernandes Macêdo
;
Rodrigues, José de Anchieta
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000441989868775
The knowledge of the elastic properties has been of fundamental importance for the understanding of the limitation of the useful life of structural refractory ceramics. Those properties characterize the elastic rigidity of the materials and represent a requirement for the specific classification of the materials and their mechanical characteristics. The determination of properties, such as, Young s modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poisson s ratio (µ) are important for the determination of several important mechanical properties. In this work the dynamic method of bar resonance was used to obtain those three elastics properties. It consists in the stimulation of a sample with variable frequency, in order to obtain the fundamental frequency and their harmonics of natural vibration of the body. Considering the density and the geometry of the sample the elastic properties of the material are obtained. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop an automatic equipment to measure E, G and µ as a function of the temperature using the technique of bar resonance and a software that controls the system. As exemplification of the use of that software and of that equipment, a study of the influence of the aggregate s size (DL = 2800, 4750 and 8000 µm) and of the Andreasen s coefficient of particle size distribution (q = 0,21; 0,26 and 0,31) on the thermal shock damage in alumina refractory castables was accomplished. Besides, other study about the influence of the porosity on the elastic properties of cellular ceramics processed by gelcasting was also carried out. The dependence of E and G on the porosity according to models found in the literature was confirmed. The dependence of the elastic moduli on the temperature of for those foams was also evaluated.
Processamento de pós ultrafinos e nanométricos por moagem de alta energia para a obtenção de compósitos cerâmicos Al2O3-(5%vol.)TIC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-09-13)
Rabelo, Adriano Alves
;
Tomasi, Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8591752492566665
The major objective of this thesis was to study the processing behaviour of Al2O3 ultra-fine and nanosized powders obtained by high energy milling (HEM), to produce, after forming and sintering, Al2O3 .(5%vol.)SiC and Al2O3 .(5%vol.)TiC ceramics composites with high density. This aim arises from the fact that processing difficulties of ultra-fine powders are supposed to cause microstructural defects that are deleterious mechanical properties. Additionally, the reactive HEM may be an alternative processing for obtaining nanometric powders. Such powders, however, presents processing problems that are not well characterized. Commercial Al2O3 and SiC powders and powders obtained by high-energy milling were used. Al2O3/TiC was obtained by reactive milling. The majors on ceramic processing were: HEM and conventional ball milling stages deagglomeration, dispersion and mixture of the powders, forming by isostatic pressing and pressure slip casting. These experiments were carried out seeking to characterize the reliability in order to minimize the defects and heterogeneities in the formed bodies. Different chemical methods were also verified for the SiC inclusions coating. In all those procedures, problems caused by the presence of strong agglomerates were observed, particularly in those submitted to HEM. The inclusions coating methods through chemical precipitation did not succeeded probably due to the little affinity among the inclusions surfaces and the precipitate. The best final results, verified by the high density, the inclusions dispersion homogeneity in microstructure and the flexure strength, were obtained with the improvement of ball milling processing for deaggregation and dispersion in alcoholic medium of the fine powders. For powders from HEM was necessary an additional deagglomeration in a planetary illing. m.
Isolamento e identificação de fungos endofíticos da pupunha (Bactris gasípaes Kunth) e caracterização por marcadores moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-09-27)
Costa Neto, Pedro de Queiroz
;
Pereira, José Odair
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5559640659851194
The tropical palm pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) was domesticated by Amerindians and is cultivated in several countries. In Brazil, the interest is in the agribusiness for heart-of-palm production, although the fruits nutritional value is also interesting. Endophytic microorganisms were isolated from fruit fragments of 18 plants using BDA and PDA (pupunha pulp-dextrose-agar) in the absence of light at 18ºC. In fragments of mesocarp, endocarp and endosperm the presence of endophytic bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi was observed. The fungal isolates were identified as: Thielaviopsis paradoxa 36.4%, Ceratocystis paradoxa 17.1%, Phomopsis sp. 10.4%, Fusarium sp. 9.7% and Penicillium sp. 2,0%. The infection rate was highest in the mesocarp with 47.7%. More than one isolate was colonizing pupunha fruits in the same plant and in all plants investigated there were endophytes. C. paradoxa showed specificity for mesocarp while T. paradoxa for endocarp and endosperm. T. paradoxa was the most frequent isolate, and was chosen for molecular analysis. The DNA from 22 endophytes was extracted with CTAB and liquid nitrogen. A fragment with 1600 bp was amplified from rDNA by PCR and the purified amplification product was sequenced. The 22 samples had been submitted to the GenBank and all had presented greater similarity with access C. paradoxa (AF043607). The alignment among the 22 endophytes showed little variability among them. The samples were submitted to the TCS program, where gaps were considered as a fifth character, resulting in the identification of nine haplotypes. Among these only two were found in more than one individual. The greatest genetic variability was among the endosperm isolates. The PAUP 4.0 Program, utilizing the distance p method not corrected, was used to obtain a distance matrix and a parsimonious tree by neighbor-joining, with a length of 139 steps. The estimate of the transition/transvertion rate was 1.2, and the base proportions were 27.9% for adenine, 21.5% for cytosine, 21.5% for guanine and 29.1% for thymine. The proportion of invariable sites was 0.476 and the parameter gamma was 0.57; CI=0.897 and RI=0.976. There was little genetic divergence among isolates. The taxons topology was estimated by neighbor-joining, using a 1000 replication bootstrap. The tree was rooted with two outgroups, both of Chalara elegans (AF275509 e AF275482). Three major groups were formed, with one group containing C. paradoxa (AF043607) with all T. paradoxa isolates. No specific groups were formed according to the fragment sampled although some haplotypes from the endocarp and endosperm were grouped closely together. The molecular analysis confirmed the identification of T. paradoxa made from reproductive structures.
Análise ambiental da área do Morro do Cuscuzeiro (Analândia, SP) como subsídio ao planejamento do ambiente local
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-09-30)
Leite, Samantha de Souza
;
Lorandi, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
The principal aim of this work was to supply information to support the environmental planning focused in the minimizations of the environment degradation around Cuscuzeiro Hill (Analândia, SP). For this purpouses, maps of the area were elaborated resulting on a reorganization purpose to landscape uses. The soil and vegetation of the Cuscuzeiro Hill forest were characterizaded and the trails to reach the Cuscuzeiro Hill were mapped ti support a reorganization purpose. The map analyses showed a high potencial risk to the superficial erosion, because of the association of sand solis and grass areas with high slopes. The natural vegetation of such areas should be recomposed to decrease the superficial erosion risk. In general, the Cuscuzeiro Hill trails are not safe enough in some parts, besides to have a difficult access to the tourists, specially because of the high slopes. This work evidenced factores that could degrade either the trails or the whole environment. The reorganization of the trails is needed either to avoid the environment degradation or to improve their use conditionals. The vegetation characterization found 67 species, 51 genera and 27 families in the Cuscuzeiro Hill forest. A significant difference were found between two regions around the Cuscuzeiro Hill based on the heigh and diameter of the trees. The major parte of the Cuscuzeiro Hill soil is composed by sand. This vegetation is probably not supported only by the nutrients of the soil, since it is very depleted, and the litter may supply na important input to the planths growth and maintance.
Ambiente e educação: abordagens metodológicas da percepção ambiental voltadas a uma Unidade de Conservação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-09-30)
Fiori, Andréia de
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
The rapid current environmental modifications of the different human activities constitute a constant menace to the biodiversity and it could be related to the perception of the society about the environmental problem and the regional producing activities. In this sense, the investigation of the environmental perception constitutes an indispensable tool for research projects that approach the relationships human-environmental and management of ecosystems. The main objective of this work was environmental perception investigation of the fundamental educational of three surrounding places (Rincão, Guatapará and Luiz Antônio) to the Ecological Station of Jataí (EEJ), Luiz Antônio, SP The results of the present study allowed to observe that the most of the educational ones to conceive the man as component of the environmental, the perception of the concept of Environmental Education still privileges basically actions ON the environmental, favored by the knowledge acquisition on the biophysical component. The environmental perception of the educational ones revealed an content of lived experiences in relation to the environmental impacts associated to the patterns of the landscape local, conservation as meaning attribution for EEJ, researches, conservation and environmental education jointly as proposed of use for EEJ and, the natural characteristics as main determinant of the preferences and quality landscapes. The results of that investigation facilitated the rising of the knowledge of the values area in the technical and human context, essential to determine the specific objectives of a Program of Education Environmental followed to an conservation unit.
Caracterização ambiental da paisagem urbana de Erechim e do Parque Municipal Longines Malinowski. Erechim - RS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-10-06)
Zanin, Elisabete Maria
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
It was carried out the analysis and the environmental characterization of the urban area as a subsidy to the review of the Urban Development Directive Plan of the municipality of Erechim (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), associated with a combined proposal of the environmental zoning and the conceptual management plan of Parque Municipal Longines Malinowski (PMLM), one of the structural-natural elements in the urban landscape, directing the development of actions related to the use and maintenance of this Urban Ppark, in the perspective to ensure the environmental and life quality of the city of Erechim. PMLM comprises a fragment of mixed ombrophilic forest, totally limited by an urban contour. The environmental analysis was made with the use of SIG-IDRISI with structural elements of the urban landscape and of PMLM, resulting in hypsometric, clinographic, hydrographic and soil use and occupation thematic maps. The altimetry variation was of 45 m of altitude for PMLM and of 210 m for the urban area. The city of Erechim presented an green area ratio (IAV) of 3.72 m2/inhabitant, being PMLM responsible for 46.50% of that. Fourteen types of soil use and occupation of for PMLM were identified, with the predominance of the ombrophilic forest in which (Bert.) Kuntze, Mart. ex Reiis.llex dumosa Reiis are found and are described in the list of endangered species. Based on the thematic maps and the creation law, a proposal for the environmental zoning and immediate contour of PMLM were made, as well as a conceptual management plan with 7 programs and 18 subprograms. PMLM presents a great potential for the practice of local biodiversity conservation. The decision-making concerning the use and occupation of its space, in the perspective of its conservation and continuity in the urban landscape, involves the consideration of the environmental zoning and the dynamics of the Park and its surroundin use and occupation of the. Any initiative to improve the environmental quality of PMLM will depend necessarily on the involvement and participation of the community.
Genética da conservação de Podocnemis sextuberculata (Testudines, Pelomedusidae, Cornalia 1849) utilizando a região ND1 do DNA mitocondrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-10-07)
Silva, Themis de Jesus da
;
Monjeló, Luiz Alberto dos Santos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4851134096338106
A utilização de modelos para análise de paisagem na região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-10-11)
Paese, Adriana
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
This work explores the use of models in landscape analysis. Classification tree models were employed in the identification of potential sites of species occurrence in the Ecological Station of Jataí and Experimental Station of Luiz Antônio, and the mathematical graph was employed in the analyses of a fragmented landscape located in the Northeast region of São Paulo State. The classification tree models used data on primate species occurrence and on environmental variables represented as digital maps in a Geographic Information System. The prediction rules generated by the classification models were projected back on the landscape, locating other places that have the same combination of environmental conditions as those found where the species were firstly observed. By representing the landscape as a mathematical graph, it was possible to simulate the removal of functional connections between habitat patches and the loss of habitat due to land use changes. Habitat patches were classified according to their contribution to species recruitment and landscape connectivity. Although it is considered that additional biological information should be incorporated to the analyses the results of this work may constitute useful guides to prospective field surveys.
Caracterização estrutural e elétrica de óxidos semicondutores do tipo espinélio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-10-14)
Gomes, Keydson Quaresma
;
Paulin Filho, Pedro Iris
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9542027656569433
Etnoecologia e conservação em áreas naturais protegidas: incorporando o saber local na manutenção do Parque Nacional do Superagui
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-10-18)
Pedroso Júnior, Nelson Novaes
;
Sato, Michele
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9264997837722900
Surely, the human s economic legacy has been identified as a main factor to the exploitation of nature. However, and very often, we can realize from the human s history, that popular imaginary has contributed to the environmental transformation. The establishment of particular costumes, in different historical periods, can tell us about intrinsic relationship between culture and nature. In this context, the Environmental Protected Area (EPA) of Guaraqueçaba, to the North littoral of Paraná State, where the National Park of Superagüi (Parque Nacional do Superagui) is located, represents one of the major and well preserved continuous remainder of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, sheltering more than 50 human communities that live basically from the fishery practice and subsistence agriculture. However, in the last decades this region has passed by an intensification on the transformation of the economical, social and cultural processes, especially due to the increasing tourism, and real state agency speculation, and from the protected natural areas creation, and also the strong reduction of the agriculture for the specialization and intensification of fishery activities, led by the introduction of motorized boats. As a consequence, the local knowledge, based upon experiences and maintained through oral history, is getting lost. Nevertheless, besides scientific knowledge, it may represent an essential tool for the management and conservation of a region. In this manner, this study aims to conserve both diversities, popular and scientific. Thorough analysis of local knowledge related to terrestrial fauna of the National Park of Superagüi, this research sets sighs scientific examination of soil occupation changes and assessment complexity, giving ethnoecological elements and methodology to weave a net of activities of Environmental Education.
Propriedades estáticas e dinâmicas de portadores em heteroestruturas semicondutoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-10-30)
Bittencourt, Antonio Carlos Rodrigues
;
Marques, Gilmar Eugenio
We have studied the dynamic and the stationary properties of carriers in semiconductor heterostructures submitted to electric fields AC and DC and to magnetic fields within the eﬀective-mass approximation based on model multiband k · p. The method used to calculate the electronic structure uses the combination of techniques of finite differences and the inverse power method. As example to test the eﬃciency of the method, we have studied optical properties in multiple quantum wells of GaAs/AlGaAs containing a delta-doping nipi structure. We have calculated the single pair electron-hole energy recombination and we estimated critical temperatures where the interband optical transitions changes its character from indirect to direct. We have also calculated the electronic structure of holes in quantum wells of GaAs/Ga1−xAlxAs in the presence of longitudinal magnetic and electric parallel fields as initial part of the study of the magnetotunneling in double barrier. The resonant tunneling of the carriers in double barrier is investigated using the formalisms based on the scatterring-matrix and on the finite diﬀerence technique. The implicit method to simulate the time dependent transport properties is obtained in terms of Magnus expansion for the evolution operator by using a factorization based on the approach of Padé (M/M). This method has shown quite stable, besides allowing high order of precision. We have calculate the quasi-energy, medium displacement, transmission probability, AC Stark eﬀect and tunneling time of the carriers in a quantum well GaAs/Ga0,7Al0,3As submitted to an AC potential, both with k = 0 and k 6= 0. Our results have revealed that carriers present dynamics completely diﬀerent from each other depending strongly on the ratio between applied AC frequency ω and the carrier localization frequency ωl = (E ~ ). The AC Stark eﬀect has adiabatic type that is inserted into the initial conditions. The quasi-energy of all carriers, except the ligth-hole LH1 at k = 0, present a similar quasi-parabolic dependence with the intensity of the field β = (eF0Lz }ω ), as is observed in static cases. The degree of localization of the carriers is investigated through the calculation of tunneling times. In general, states show time localization induced by laser frequencies larger that ωl for many states with k = 0. For k > 0 the inherent mixture among the states of the valence band produces an increase in the transmission probability. The field tilted barrier of potential leads to quasi-energies near to the border of the QW, favoring the escape of carriers from quantum well region if compared to their time localization regimes.
Gestão de resíduos especiais em universidades: estudo de caso da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-10-31)
Araújo, Valdete Santos de
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
Special solid waste has been observed at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), campus of São Carlos, and the types of waste have been classified under the following categories: dry recyclable waste (DRW), construction and demolition waste (CDW), yard solid waste (YSW) and laboratorial chemical waste (LCW). It was intended to offer the necessary support in order to achieve a proper management of those types of waste, based on the Agenda 21 and on specific local features. First, data was collected from the specialized literature. Then, field research was held at various Brazilian universities, as well as direct inquiry with the people in charge. Finally the present waste management situation at UFSCar was diagnosed, by identifying the generation sections, and the collection, transportation, treatment and disposal procedures applied at the site. Those procedures or the ones being installed at present were analyzed in order to spot their flaws. Results showed that, although CDW is 4properly collected, it is disposed at dumps around the town without special treatment, causing environmental impacts. DRW, paper specially, is collected to be recycled, but the system presents various management flaws. LCW presented a cumulative stock that should be eliminated by a project in implementation phase, consisting in the proper packing and transportation for incineration. Regarding the LCW to be generated, its management must follow source minimization and prevention procedures before being sent to the Waste Control Center serving the whole campus. YSW is partially used at the university restaurant boiler and as forage at the vegetable garden. The remains are disposed at the rural area of the campus. To improve the special solid waste management at UFSCar, it is necessary to increase the quality on the DRW selective collection, to find better methods of packing and possible recycling to CDW, as well as the complete implementation of the project to minimize and treat LCW.
Alguns aspectos químicos envolvidos na interação Hypsipyla grandella (broca-do-mogno e Swietenia macrophylla (Mogno)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-11-08)
Soares, Marisi Gomes
;
Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4121936683722215
The interaction between Hypsipyla grandella (Mahogany bore) and Swietenia macrophylla was studied in order to understand the chemical and ecological aspects involved on this process. H. grandella is a shoot borer lepdoptera which attack the shoots of the mahogany causing serious economic problems for large scale plantation of this trees. In this work, it was done biological tests with Spodoptera frugiperda and Anticarsia gemmatalis, using the crude extracts from mature leaves against. The ethyl acetate extract, which is composed basically by flavonoids, showed the best activity, killing ali A. gemmatalis larvae. The flavonoids from the S. macrophylla mature leaves were: quercetin (1) and three glycosiled flavonoids with quercetin skeleton substituted by rhamnose (2) glucose (3) and galactose (4) in the 3 position. The compounds were also tested against larvae of the H grandella, which showed toxicity to its larvae. Terpenoids isolated from down part of graft of Cedrela- Toona, was submitted to same test and the results obtained showed the same activity. As the borer attacked only the shoots, eletroantenographic studies were performed in order to determinate if the oils involved in this interaction exercise some kind of olfactory onentation on the process to choice the host plant for this lepidoptera. In the eletroantenographyc study were used volatile oils from the young shoots, mature leaves and senescent leaves of the S. macrophylla. The young shoots showed high electrophysiological responses and the female antennas showed better responses than the male one. The main compounds of the young shoot, mature leaves and senescent leaves were studied by LC/MS. Observations in large scale plantations showed that mahogany trees from the same place, but with origin from different place showed different attacks from the H grandella. The volatile oils from mahogany of different origin were studied, however no correlation was observed.