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Otimização do problema integrado de dimensionamento e seqüenciamento de lotes: estudo de caso na indústria de rações.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-01-01) Toso, Eli Angela Vitor; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
The object of this work is the integrated problem of lot sizing and sequencing the production of feed for animal nutrition. Such problem consists of deciding how much to produce of each feed in each period, taking itself in account the production sequencing of the lots, in way to satisfy the demand and to minimize the costs of production and storage. A case study was carried through in the facility of supplements from a company of this industry, located inland São Paulo, whose problem can be seen as multi-item, single-period and capacitated. One of the great difficulties to the production planning in this factory is the difficulty to adjust the productive capacity with the demand is season of the products, integrating the lot sizing decisions with the line scheduling decisions, since setup times are dependent of the production sequence. This work use integer linear programming for modeling the problem, which is solved with of the modeling language GAMS/CPLEX. To evaluate the performance of the considered model tests with real data had been carried through. The results show that the model can be useful to support the decisions of lot sizing and sequencing, therefore the solutions of the model in the tests realized are better than the ones elaborated by the production planning department of the company.
Usabilidade aplicada ao design ergonômico de transdutores de ultra-sonografia: uma proposta metodológica para avaliação e análise do produto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-01-01) Paschoarelli, Luis Carlos; Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
The usability is one of the main aspects of the performance and quality of the interface hand/instruments whose applicability is based on methodologies of ergonomic design. In spite of the technological evolution, some hand instruments still do not attend the criteria of usability and may generate ergonomic problems in users. An example of it is the transductor employed in breast ultrasonography (US) occupational activities, which requires large biomechanical efforts. This study aimed at proposing a method of assessment and analysis based on subjective and physiological records during the application of criteria of usability in the ergonomic redesign of the transductor for US breast examinations. In order to conductthe physiological records, a Biometrics electrogoniometer was used for the analysis of wrist movements, and FSRs sensors were used for the analysis of palmar pressure. As for the subjective assesments, graphic scales of perception were applied. The collection of data occurred in experimental phases: First Experimentation assessment of wrist postures during the simulation of activity with two commercial types of transductors (n= 18); Ergonomic design application of the criteria of usability in the redesign and prepraration of the mock-up; Second Experimentation assessment of the postures and points of palmar pressure during the simulation of activity with the new mock-up and the commercial transductors (n = 10); Ergonomic design/project revision revision of the criteria of usability and development of two new mock-ups; Third experimentation assessment of the postures and points of palmar pressure during the simulation of activity with the new mock-ups and the commercial transductors (n = 10); Fourth experimentation subjective assessment of all the transductors (n = 11). The results of the first experimentation indicated high median and maximal amplitudes. The ergonomic design turned up into mock-up 01. The results of the second experimentation indicated that mock-up 01 did not present improvements in terms of wrist posture, but rather a better distribution of pressure in the palmar region. The ergonomic design/project revision turned up into two new mock-ups, 02 and 03, which presented (in the results of the third experimentation) a lower amplitude for movements and a better distribution of the percentage of time in the different pre-established ranges of amplitude, as well as in the pressure of the palmar region, mainly when mock-up 02 is concerned. Statistically meaningful differences (p < 0,05) were found only in the third experimentation, indicating that mock-ups 02 and 03 presented better performance. The results of the fourth experimentation indicated similar results from the physiological assessment, corroborating its results. Such procedures characterized a consistent alternative to the traditional methods for assessing and analyzing hand instruments in ergonomic design.
Otimização na programação de produção de grãos eletrofundidos: um estudo de caso.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-01-01) Luche, José Roberto Dale; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
This work presents optimization models to support decisions of the Production Planning and Control (PPC) in the industry of grains electrocasting. A case study was accomplished in one of the largest companies in the State of São Paulo. The objective of the study is to contribute for the improvement of the system of PCP of companies of grains electrocasting, in such a way to obtain gains of productivity and to improve the user service level with respect to due date satisfaction. For that Mixed Integer Linear Programming models were applied to aid particularly in the decisions of production scheduling. Optimizing the production scheduling in the industry of grains electrocasting is not a simple task, mainly due to the greatness of setup times of the equipments, the diversity of products and the limitations of the order due dates.
Empreendimentos econômicos solidários: alternativas organizacionais de (re)inserção social e econômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-01-01) Gallo, Ana Rita; Eid, Farid
The conquests and benefits that the capitalist system provided to the society, in its historical-technological evolution, have been many. At the same time, that same system has been producting disadvantages, mainly, in relation to the labor that could not accompany its development. One of the factors that have promoted such situation was the technological, organizational and productive restructuring of the dominant organizations. Besides, the process of internationalization of the capital, the bad redistribution of the income, the precariousness of the work and life, have generated an economic inequality and an extremely serious social exclusion. From these considerations, it must be analyzed and understood the alternative organizational arrangements that exist inside of the capitalist system. The theory of the Post-modernity and the theory of the Solidary Economy, both in construction, have been the base of analysis of four studied organizational cases, denominated of Solidary Economic Enterprises (SEE). Those Enterprise, in their more common form, happen through the popular cooperatives. A particularity of this work is that two cases are urban and accompanied by an Incubator of Cooperatives linked to the Federal University of São Carlos, which are located in that same city; and two cases are rural, located in the Southwest area of the state of São Paulo and they link to the Landless Rural Workers Movement. The main objectives of the theory were: to analyze the life conditions and the work relationships in those enterprises; to understand the opportunities and limits that they face; and to understand them as an alternative of social (re)insert and of non precariousness of the work. Being a research of qualitative character, were used, as technique of data colletion, the following elements: mixed questionnaires, interviews, observations and documents analyses. The main results reveal that there is, through the urban and rural cooperartives, a real opportunity of economic and social (re)insert of the studied groups. However, there is a challenge to be faced in the sense of surpassing an organizational culture of little participation and building a culture of solidary cooperation.
Proposta de uma abordagem hierárquica para projeto e/ou escolha do sistema de custeio da produção em função da complexidade do processo produtivo.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-01-01) Lopes, José Roberto; Fernandes, Flavio Cesar Faria
This study aims at proposing a hierarchical approach in order to design and choose the production costing system according to: the business strategy of the corporation; the production system; the production control system; the kind of managerial decisions that will be supported by the production costing system. The hierarchical approach we propose comprises the criteria that will be used as benchmarks in the decision making process in order to choose or design a system for production costing. Besides verifying the proposal through logical argumentation, one of the main aims is to illustrate the suitability of the proposal in case studies. The research has adopted a qualitative approach and the broad method applied is the inductive method. The kind of research developed in this project is exploratory and descriptive. In the first phase of the research, the theoretical-conceptual method was adopted; in the second phase, the case study method was chosen. Starting from the proposal of a hierarchical approach in order to project/design and choose the production costing system, and followed by analysis and description of production systems, production control systems and decision-making processes, it is expected that this research will show the interrelationship between production systems, production control systems and production costing systems. This in turn will lead to a change in the decision-making process in relation to the way in which the costing system is chosen, giving joint responsibility to production and financial functions, as well as contributing positively and effectively to the development of theory.
Avaliação de desempenho dos departamentos acadêmicos da UFSCar utilizando análise de envoltória de dados-AED.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-01-01) Panepucci, Giovana Troya Marques; Pereira, Neocles Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
The need to access public or private institutions has long existed. Of our interest, is the measure of efficiency among different departments of a public university. Unlike most private universities; a public university does not focus on teaching, as it is only output. Together with this, public universities produce knowledge as a whole, in the form of research (with the development of new technologies) and extension activities. The diverse character of production demands mathematical methods to quantify efficiency, point out deficiencies related to specific output (or input) measures and provide targets. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is proposed to access the efficiency of the departments of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos UFSCar . To apply DEA, many production indicators were generated from data available from the year 2001. A general efficiency classification of all thirteen departments of UFSCar in relation to seven measures of production in the fields of teaching, research and extension activities, and two measures of resources was obtained. In addition, individual classifications were obtained by considering a field at a time or considering related sets of departments belonging to a given center. The incompleteness of precise data was a limiting factor in this analysis, hampering, in some cases, the obtainment of a realistic image of efficiency. In this way, the results showed here, must be seem with caution, a must be used only as a reference on the understanding of the difficulties associated with the complex task of efficiency assessment and target establishment.
A educação ambiental nas escolas municipais de educação infantil de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003) Fagionato-Ruffino, Sandra; Freitas, Denise de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3330976062026878; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0937631632950293
We now live immersed in an environmental crisis that resulted from the development model that was adopted — Environmental Education is an important process to help revert such a crisis and re-establish a sustainable ecosystem. Brazilian public policies since 1981 guarantee every citizen the right to Environmental Education, and emphasize the responsibility of schools in the process, on ali leveis from pre-schooi to graduate schools. Among ali different education leveis, pre-school and kindergarten present the biggest shortage in materiais, courses and published work in the area. In that context, this research work's objective is to know the reality in the Municipal Pre-schools and Kindergarten schools in São Carlos when it comes to Environmental Education (EE), and to identify who the teachers are, what they think about, and what they do about EE, what resources and themes are most often adopted, as well as what are the difficulties and elements that facilitate the incorporation of EE in the school day to day. A questionnaire was the main instrument in collecting data, due to the possibility of reaching a large number of teachers. Observations of the day to day in schools and teachers' planning sessions were also used. From the analysis of the data the conclusion can be reached that the majority of the teachers we studied have a very traditional conception ofEnvironmental Education, associated to the teaching of Sciences, with an emphasis in the detection and, sometimes, resolution of the environmental problems. The themes and experiments most often chosen have to do with solid waste and flora. The majority of the teachers work the subject from the projects, but also use day to day situations. Holidays are also used by the teachers to work the subjects, sometimes on the day, sometimes inserted in a monthly or bi-monthly plan that celebrates the occasion. Teachers most often point to the lack of infrastructure and knowledge as stumbling blocks to the incorporation ofEE in school.
O processo de mudanças ergonômicas e as relações entre saúde e trabalho: um estudo de caso.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-01-01) Mendes, Luciane Frizo; Camarotto, João Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
Ergonomics changes in the work place interfere in the relation between over operators work and health. This case study had as its objective to analyze the repercussions of a process of changes technical and organizational due to ergonomic projects in a school material plant. Two company sectors were selected which are responsible for the main product external completion. One of the sectors received the full ergonomic intervention and the other had only little adjustments. In order to develop this study, the following procedures were executed: questionnaire applications, observations in order to understand the work activity in both sectors and interviews with the objective of comprehending different actors perception of changes in the in the company. The results indicated that, after the ergonomic intervention, there was a reduction in absenteeism due to RSI/WRMD, changes in physical and cognitive task requests, a differentiated interpretation of results for each social group in the company and na appropriation, by the company, of the results and transformation process started by the ergonomic project for other purposes. This case study revealed the importance of the evaluation process of an ergonomic intervention, because it confirms that a positive result in relation to the demand that originated the intervention, will not always grant future improvements. The analyzed situation points to new problems, whose repercussions are not yet known, but need to be discussed.
Integração vertical, concentração e exclusão na citricultura paulista.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-01-01) Santos, Ana Claudia Vieira dos; Alves, Francisco José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
This work presents a study regarding the strategy adopted for the processing concentrated orange juice companies to produce in proper orchards. It is treated to analyze the vertical integration process, that it occurs from the end of 80´s and that goes to provoke several changes in the interior of the citric network. The objective established here is to discuss the strategy of the companies, searching to understand what role is performed by the land, while it assumes not only the function of asset of capital, but of liquid asset too. Considering the characteristics of the land market in Brazil, that functions without restrictions and privileges who get more financial resources, and also that the land fulfills the function of value reserve, this analyze becomes important, as that vertical integration necessarily involves the land purchase. The hypothesis raised of that the land (while liquid active) fulfill influence in the enterprise strategy, mainly because it initiates in a period of economical instability, that favors the land purchase as a safe form to apply resources. At the same time, the institutional environment is favorable and the companies strategy does not find any type of restriction, formal or informal, in what refers to the lands purchase. The citrus complex is studied through the policy networks, the enterprises actions are looked through resouce-based perspective and dynamic capability and the institutional environment is used because is considered that the system regulation is important to define his dynamics. To the long of the work it is presented information that demonstrate the crisis of the orange producers and the process of exclusion what initiated after the changes of the 90 s, and that had beginning with the strategy of the industry in produce in self orchards. In the conclusion it is evidenced the importance of the land, wich convert in companies power resource, as well as the institutional environment importance in the decision of vertical integration for the processing concentrated orange juice companies.
Estudo das condições de trabalho em Unidade Básica de Saúde no município de São Carlos: a perspectiva dos diferentes atores.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-01-01) Silva, Nilson Rogério da; Camarotto, João Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
The demand for public health services has increased gradually in the last few years due to the high rates of increasing unemployment, high cost of private health plans and the transference of health actions from the federal and state sphere to the local one. In this way, the public local health system has found difficulties to comply with the users demands, since this is higher than the offered services. This research is aimed at the studies of the activities carried on at one Health Basic Unit (UBS) of São Carlos City, trying to identify the relationship between the working conditions and the workers health, aiming the replanning work. For this study, 33 (thirty three) employees from the UBS were considered (doctors, nurses, nurse assistants, dentists, dentist assistants, administrative assistants). The work conclusion is that the working of the unit is permeated by different situations that cause embarrassment to the unit staff and users, among them we can mention: a) the unit is working routine is concentrated during the morning hours, facilitating work overloading and conflicts; b) lack of criteria for the right dimensioning of the unit is staff; c) fragile structure to deal with the absenteeism generating extra working hours and double period of work; d) communication process truncated between supervisors and employees; e) obsolete equipment that make difficult the execution of activities, because demand extra effort (physical and mental) from the employee f) lack of policy for the acquisition, substitution and update of equipment; g) lack of planning for the unit layout, where there is no consideration for the best distribution of rooms, interrelationship between the executed procedures, in the flow of services being offered, minimum space for the execution of tasks, equipment and furniture and waiting rooms; need of training and qualification to deal with the public, professional update, information to avoid contamination with material and diseases. The work in the UBS reveals suffering situations with the presence of: planning the work without the worker is participation, information flow truncated complaints as to the professional recognition. Pleasurable situations refer to the user satisfaction with the possibility to reduce the suffering of the other, of the human care practice.
Contribuição para o projeto de curso de educação à distância na área de materiais poliméricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003) Pagliarussi, Marcelo Sanches; Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6172932804874946
This work studies the development of distance education courses in polymers. A bibliographic research on the design of distance education courses, educational software design and instructional materials is accomplished. A method for the design and implementation of distance education courses in polymers is presented, which incorporates innovative elements in comparison with methods found in literature. The method presented offers a solution to deal with the complex task of instructional design in distance education. The identification of pedagogic models and effective practices for distance education courses in polymers was accomplished. The field research involved the needs assessment of professional education in polymers and the proposed method is implemented to illustrate its potential. Results indicate that the target audience will probably be technical level professionals. Investigation procedures were put in practice aimed to define conditions and parameters to build a course as it is proposed. In this work, the foundation for a course in injection molding of thermoplastics oriented to a sample of the expected audience is brought about.