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A história do ensino técnico-industrial em Rio Claro (SP): da escola profissional masculina ao SENAI (1920-1985).
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-07)
Ferro, Maria Eduarda
;
Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
This survey was fomented by the hypothesis of a relationship between the appearance of the SERVIÇO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAGEM INDUSTRIAL (SENAI) (National Service of Industrial Learning) unit in Rio Claro, made official with inauguration of SENAI Manoel José Ferreira in 1974, and the second Brazilian industrial wave (1968-1974). In order to investigate the veracity of such a hypothesis, bibliographic references were made about the evolutive history of Rio Claro industry and about the responsible manual work training agencies prior to SENAI being set up in the city, namely, the Professional School for Men of Rio Claro (1920) and the Railway Workers Course of Paulista Railway Network (1934). We resorted to a consultation of local legislation concerning SENAI Manoel José Ferreira , to the handling of manuscript and printed sources belonging to this institute, and to interviews with historical protagonists related to SENAI´s early years of work. By analyzing this whole intraining set, it was observed that, as happened with SENAI, the origin of the two institutions preceding this one, as regards preparation for technically qualified manual work for industrial purposes was also related to particularities of the industrial evolution of the city at the time of their appearances. It was also realized that being the fruit and the answers to distinct historical contexts, the three institutions had been guided by different pedagogic proposals that, when analyzed as a set, were a local representation of the change in the tendency of training of industry manual work, observed in Brazil during the 20th century. Then, the present work intended to establish a connection between the moment of the appearance of the referred institutions and the industrial evolution of Rio Claro, using as a guideline the growing transition from a tendency of industrial worker training of the craftwork kind to the rationalized-technical kind. The present undertaking was based, therefore, on the historical reconstruction that motivated the appearance of the three institutions in the city and on the analysis of the pedagogic proposal of these schools as far as their labor organization conceptions are concerned. The installation of the Professional School for Men of Rio Claro (1920) took place at a time in which the industrial-craftwork activities of the city were incipient, thus being proper for such the pedagogic proposal that affected the craft worker training. The rational principles of training for industrial manual work were introduced in the city by the Railway Workers Course of Paulista Railway Network (1934), which was implemented to meet the demand of the railway to broaden the reach of the scientific work administration policies, postulated by the Administration Reform of 1928. The appearance of SENAI in Rio Claro (1974), in turn, was actually tied into the features assumed by local industry after 1968, being responsible, therefore, for the extension of rationalized-technical training of the local industrial worker, beyond the railway field. During the period in which it was investigated (1963-1973) aspects regarding to structure, organization and functioning of the latter were identified - which were sorted out into periods according to the predominance of some features: Gestation (1963-1973), Introduction and Consolidation (1973-1975); Enlargement and Intensification (1976-1979) and Stagnation and Crises (1980-1985) and analyzed.
Especificidade em associações alga/bactéria vinculadas aos carbidratos excretados por três espécies fitoplanctônicas de um reservatório tropical eutrófico do Estado de São Paulo (Barra Bonita)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-10)
Giroldo, Danilo
;
Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
The release of carbohydrates by phytoplankton has been extensively studied because of its ecological significance. Bacterioplankton is a group of organisms that is able to use extracellular phytoplanktonic carbohydrates, as many authors have demonstrated. The aim of this thesis was to identify specific associations algae/bacteria in the planktonic environmental of a eutrophicated reservoir (Tiete river, Barra Bonita, SP), based on the carbohydrates released by the phytoplankton. The utilization pattern of such compounds was also studied. For this purpose, three phytoplanktonic species from Barra Bonita reservoir were used: Cryptomonas tetrapyrenoidosa (Cryptophyceae), Staurastrum orbiculare (Zygnematophyceae) e Thalassiosira sp. (Bacillariophyceae). The growth characteristics of these species in axenic conditions were determined and the extracellular carbohydrates produced by each one were characterized. Algae/bacteria cultivation experiments were performed inoculating the microbial community from Barra Bonita in axenic cultures of each algae. The phytoplanktonic growth pattern and the carbohydrate release were compared in axenic and contaminated cultures. From these algae/bacteria cultures, the specific bacteria community from each algae were isolated and they were re-inoculated in two kinds of culture media: composed by polysaccharides and low molecular weight released material. The bacterial diversity from the Barra Bonita reservoir was compared to the one observed in the algae/bacteria cultures and also in the two kinds of culture media, employing the DGGE method (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis). The extracelullar carbohydrate production was exponentially increased at the stationary growth phase in the axenic cultures. The results showed clearly that the extracellular carbohydrates released by the phytoplanktonic species were used as an important carbon source to the bacterial populations, even when they occurred in very low concentrations (less than 1 mg/L). The polysaccharide utilization was remarkably distinct among the species under study. The results also showed that the polysaccharide degradations were not homogenous, but specific regions of them were degraded firstly. The results proved that the bacterial diversity patterns found in the Barra Bonita reservoir and in the different substrates were different. Specific bacterial populations were found as well as populations adapted to different classis of substrates.
A escola na empresa: considerações sobre a formação do trabalhador.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-10)
Simon Neto, Cláudia Maria
;
Mesquita, Maria Alice Nassif de
This research has as its aim to investigate an enterprise program to give instruction to workers during the 90 s in the context of the new organization forms of the process of production and work which characterizes the integrated and flexible enterprise. It tries to identify the workers discourse, motivation, objectives, and the results in the school education. In this perspective it tries to answer the following questions; does this specific modality of school education contribute to the formation of a more critical subject when it increases the possibilities of comprehension and of contraposition to the numberless forms of exploitation and of control in the capitalistic society or does it in a one-sided form cooperate to the workers adjustment and integration to the productive and social reality ? This research begins with the hypothesis that the process of the workers instruction is developed in a complex and contradictory form because education is not limited to the restricted interests of the capital, to the dimension of adjustment of these individuals to the productive process and to the social dynamics, but it also allows a reasoning which is more critical and less identified to the dominating system. Beginning with a questionnaire and a half-structured interview, data have been collected. These instruments have been made to workers who shared a program of instruction developed in a transnational enterprise located in Valinhos-SP, Brazil. Its analysis makes possible to verify the prevalence of the functionality of education to the capital, as this school knowledge makes it easy to benefit the workers performance in the productive activity as well as in the technical and behavioral training courses. On the other side the analysis allows to detect some elements which indicate the contribution of education to forming a more critical subjectivity. The conclusion of this research is that considering the instrumentalization of the formative processes which are dominant in the late capitalism it becomes extraordinarily necessary to develop an education founded in the affirmation of the subject s autonomy, a greater emphasis into the moments which potentially let us see an emancipatory education.
O diretor de escola e a elaboração do projeto políticopedagógico : o pensar e o agir
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-10)
Monteiro, Aneridis Aparecida
;
Marques, Waldemar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1424084895443428
This work has objective to examine the conceptions of de school directors how much the elaboration of the political-pedagogical projects in these schools. When examining its conceptions, search to understand and to reflect the paper of the school director in this process, as well as its position and interference. In accordance with de Law 9.394/96, each school must elaborate its pedagogical proposal. One of the requirements for this elaboration in the collective participation of involved actors in the pertaining to school process, amongst them, the parents, teachers, students, beyond, of the direction of the school. The objective of this work is to focus if it had, what was the participation of these actors, and also which the difficulties and/or facilities for the elaboration of the political-pedagogic project. In the search of the information, bibliographical research was carried through to anchor the treated and an empirical research, opting itself to a qualitative boarding of researched, in which the data has been collected by verbal story of the school directors. The research was carried in publishes state and municipal schools of the city of Araras, São Paulo, privileging schools with basic education. After done the data analysis and consideration searched to verify to thoughts or either, what the interviewed school directors think and understand on the political pedagogical project, and the act, or as the school directors the have acted for elaboration of the related projects.
A cartografia escolar e as práticas docentes nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-10)
Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigo
;
Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
This work tries to identify the practices that two primary school teachers draw up to promote the specific subject teaching of this series through the usage of municipal maps.We started with a text about the construction of, in Brazil, the research area in the scholar cartography. The formation os a research group originates the production of a Limeira Municipal Atlas at UNESP in Rio Claro. After, we stand out a literature about the construction of the scholar and docent knowledge as well as the discussion about geography and scholar culture. Considering the research goal, we delimit our methodology option to a qualitative approach, using the registers in the diary, and class observation and interviews. The data obtained indicate that the conceptions and the pedagogical models built by the teachers are the generators of the knowledge forms transmitted in the classroom. The usage of maps in education becomes possible two ways of knowledge construction: the first conceives the teaching as the knowledge transmission, and the second as the collective construction. The teacher s knowledge about cartographic language is originated by everyday experiences, this knowledge comes from the learning process with other teacher and usage of pedagogic books. The elements as subtitles and scales are a bit elucidative to the teachers, what makes difficult the teaching of the municipal atlas contents. The atlas creates, in the scholar context, motivating scholar and learning processes because the local problematics are experienced by the teachers and students.
Diversidade, variação sazonal e importância econômica dos afídeos (Homóptera: Aphidoidea) na Estação Ecológica de Jataí (Luiz Antônio - SP) e nas áreas agrícolas e de silvicultura do entorno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-13)
Fabrício, Tárcio Minto
;
Silva, Carlos Roberto Sousa e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4890369735136839
The majority of the studies related to aphids in Brazil has been exclusively focused on species with agricultural importance, and just a part of them concerning about the species associated to natural areas. In this way it was objectified in the present work to estimate the diversity of aphids species in the Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antonio-SP) and in the agricultural and artificial forested areas of its surroundings, and to verify its composition, organization and seasonality. The aphids had been collected from January to December of 2001, and they were captured with Moericke traps, at six points located in different categories of land use in the study area: plantation of Pinus ellioti, Cerradão, Cerrado, plantation of Eucaliptus spp., culture of Citrus sp. and culture of sugar cane. It was captured a total of 2593 individuals of 17 species, Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854; Aphis fabae/solanella; Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877; Aphis spiraecola Patch 1914; Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841); Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907); Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856); Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1761); Acyrthosiphon bidenticola Smith, 1960; Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776); Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel, 1859; Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas, 1878); Lizerius ocotea Blanchard, 1923; Cinara fresai Blanchard, 1939; Cinara maritimae (Dufour, 1833); Eulachnus rileyi (Williams, 1911); Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki, 1899). The sampled natural areas, Cerrado and Cerradão, were responsible for the highest values of diversity, H = 2,24 and HB = 2,14 and H = 2,05 and HB = 1,82 respectively. The plantation of Eucaliptus and the culture of Citrus had presented intermediate values, respectively H = 1,85 and HB = 1.77; H = 1,17 and HB = 1.09. The lowest values of diversity were obtained for the culture of sugar cane and the plantation of Pinus, with: H = 0,669 and HB = 0.63; H = 0,621 and HB = 0.605, respectively. The plantation of Pinus sp. , Eucaliptus spp. and Citrus sp. exhibited a higher similarity in relation to the occurrence of the species of aphids. The association between the species in the spatial and temporal scale showed different patterns of grouping. The dry season of the year was responsible for the highest number of captured individuals, and it was preferred for 8 of the 17 species. The climatic factors with the highest influence in the variation of the populations were the temperature, the rainfall and the photoperiod. The climatic variations had possibly been the key-factor in the regulation of the populations in the areas with lower antropic disturbs. The polyphagous aphids had been the majority, however, the monophagous species showed a higher number of individuals. In 17 captured species, 11 were classified as species with agricultural importance in the study area. The species with higher potential of damage were U. ambrosiae, T. citricidus and E. rileyi. The natural areas had presented a low number of species with economic importance.
Características reprodutivas de três espécies de Erythrinidae (Pices: characiformes) da bacia do São Francisco, submetidas à hipofisação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-13)
Vasconcellos, Marcelo Grombone de
;
Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
The majority of information related to reproductive strategy of Erythrinidae species has its origin from observations on natural environment. In this context, several tactics are not effectively evaluated and precious collection of information relevant to commercial fishing culture or even to effort of fauna reconstitution are simply lost. Studies on induced reproduction of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplias lacerdae were performed at the Fish culture and Hydrobiology Station of the CODEVASF-Três Marias-MG, from September to December of the years 2000 and 2001 with the objective of search its reproductive characteristics. The Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus presented to be the most fecund of the three studied species with smaller eggs and larvae sizes, followed by the Hoplias malabaricus presenting intermediate values between Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Hoplias lacerdae, the least fecund one but with bigger eggs and larvae than the other two species. The larvae of the two species of Hoplias did not presented the vertical movement on the water column observed on Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus. This behavior is considered of extreme importance to the larvae dispersion in different environment. The Erythrinidae eggs are in general big with yellow color and opaque, presenting good adhesive property and light hydration. Comparing this group with others Characiformes from São Francisco river basin it was observed that these three species present as major peculiarities, the low fecundity and enhanced parental care, evidenced by the eggs and larvae characteristics, representing a high unit value of reproductive investment, placing the Erythrinidae here studied next to the strategic group of k-selected equilibrium proposed by Winemiller in 1989 and in the nest spawner guild proposed by BALON in 1985. At the present work we found out the importance of knowing a few breeding tactics/strategies that results in benefits that certainly yield specialization on handling reproductors, eggs and larvae.
Composição florística, estrutura fitossociológica e conteúdo de nitrogênio foliar em cerradão, Luiz Antônio, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-14)
Silva, Érico Fernando Lopes Pereira da
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
The cerradão is one of the forest physiognomy of the cerrado biome more threaded with the expansion of agricultural activities. The existence of remaining cerradão areas in the state with different sizes and conservation status show the necessity of studies in these areas. In São Paulo state, 237,918 ha of Cerrado Lato sensu are distributed in patches centered in two large regions, the first one, localized in the Central to North-Northeast region and the second, in the West region of the state. The study area was a cerradão patch has 1,735.55 ha, known as Oitocentos Alqueires , situated in Southwest of Estação Ecológica de Jataí in the Luís Antônio municipality, São Paulo state. We used 25 permanent plots of 250 m². The floristic survey characterized the vegetation like a cerradão and the vertical phytosociological parameters permitted us give to the species values through the Relative Sociological Position (RSP) and the Amplified Value of Importance index (AIVI), associating the horizontal phytosociological structure showed by the Value of Importance index (IVI) with the heterogeneity and irregularity of the cerradão strata. We founded that the studied area has a great number of shrub and arboreous individuals (5,284 individuals) beyond a high value of floristic diversity (3.47 nat.ind-1). The diameter and tall distributions showed abundance on the natural regeneration component due the great stock of young plants that compose the inferior stratum of the community. The natural regeneration analysis showed is essential to comprehend the establishment, survival and growth of the cerradão species. The regeneration component demonstrate that the density in the superior class was 700.80 ind.ha-1, in the median, 4,912.00 ind.ha-1 and in the inferior 1,296.11 ind.ha-1. Although the low density in of the inferior class, most of the populations in the cerradão community don t demonstrate regeneration problems and this aspect is clear due the great number of regenerating individuals in the median and superior classes. Using the phytosociological far evaluation of parameters and the rate of natural regeneration we selected 30 species and estimated the nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and the leaf nitrogen content. The analysis of leaf RNA and leaf nitrogen content suggests that the activity of the enzyme is not related with the content of NO3- in the ground and probably the plants of the study area use other nitrogen sources, beyond the NO3-, probably NH4+, that also was the predominant ion in relation to the NO3- in the ground. The 30 species had presented a diversification in the strategies of nitrogen assimilation having used as source, probably, NO3-, NH4+, micorriza and nodulation. How much to the foliar nitrogen tax it is important to stand out that of the ten species of bigger foliar nitrogen content, seven they are Leguminosae, indicating that this family possesss an efficient adaptation in the nitrogen assimilation. Low the correlation of the concentration of íons NO3- of the ground with the RNA confirm the hypothesis of that the species of the study area possess strategies to optimize the nitrogen assimilation, probably using NH4+ in the NO3- non-availability, besides making use of other assimilated mechanisms as nodulation and associations of micorrizas. Key words floristic and phytosociology, cerradão, arboreous and shrub vegetation, natural regeneration, nitrate reductase activity, leaf nitrogen content, NO3-, NH4+.
Aspectos da biologia, estrutura populacional e parentesco intranidal em vespas do gênero Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-14)
Peruquetti, Rui Carlos
;
Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0250750338668429
Wasps of the genus Trypoxylon (Sphecidae) building their nests with mud and mass-provisioned them with paralyzed spiders. The males of the subgenus Trypargilum may act as guards during the period of nest construction and provisioning. This behavior is common to other Sphecidae, but unusual in Hymenoptera. Theoretically, such behavior makes sense, due to haplodiploid and its relatedness asymmetry, only if male guards be the fathers of the female brood. In this study was investigated the population structure of T. (Trypargilum) albitarse and T. (Trypargilum) rogenhoferi, both common species in Brazil. Nests were sampled in São Carlos and Luís Antônio, State of São Paulo cities. Pupae and adults were analyzed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The populations of the two species showed structured, probably as consequence of philopatric behavior of the wasps. In the case of T. rogenhoferi, behind philopatry, differentiate fecundity among females may be important to determine the observed population structure. Larger females produce more offspring than small ones and, on average, the daughters of these larger females are larger too. Thus, the larger females genotype may be the predominant in the nesting area. In this manner, T. rogenhoferi fits the predictions of the models on optimal sex allocation, another line of investigation in this study. Maternal provisions determined the size of each offspring and females allocated well-stocked brood cells to daughter, the sex that benefits most being large. This strategy yielded differences in size between the sexes, being the females larger than males. There are evidences local prey availability may influence the female decision of lay a male or a female egg and also influence the body size of both sexes, but furthers studies are necessary to test whether local resources enhancement might play some role in T. rogenhoferi populations. The guard paternity also was investigated and was verified to both species that in many cases the guard was the father of the female offspring, but the results are contradictory. The relatedness estimates (determined using variable enzyme systems as markers) have large standard errors; so many of the values do not differ from zero or 0.75 (full sisters). It was not possible to determine whether such deviations are due (i) multiple mating by females, (ii) nest switching and/or (iii) more than one female laying eggs in a nest. It was observed that (ii) and (iii) can occur in variable frequencies, being dependents of population density and availability of places to nesting. The occurrence of (i) may be possible whether the repeated copulations solicited by the guard from the female were not effective to assure to him the paternity. In areas with dense populations, extrapair copulations are frequent. Maybe, the adoption of another approach to determine the paternity in these wasps be the better solution to this question.
Dinâmica de populações de cianobactérias em reservatório eutrofizado no semi-árido nordestino brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-14)
Costa, Ivaneide Alves Soares da
;
Senna, Pedro Américo Cabral
;
Chellappa, Naithirithi Tiruvenkatachary
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1365437036105422
The Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves reservoir, located in the semi-arid of the Rio Grande do Norte (06o08 S ; 37o 07 W), in Northeast Brazil, represents 68% of the total surface water accumulated in the state. The reservoir, with maximum volumetric capacity of 2.4 x 109, provides 400 thousands habitants and also is destined to irrigation, leisure and fishing. It has permanent and continuos blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria. The aim of this paper were to identify the planktonic cyanobacteria, to recognize the temporal patterns of population distribution, understanding the environmental factors regulating dominance, and to distinguish and quantify the cyanotoxins present in the reservoir s crude water seston and in the treated water at the treatment station outlet (ETA). According to the region s climatic characteristics, the investigations were carried out from 2000 to 2002. The samples for cyanobacteria identification (n=36) were collected with plankton net and preserved with formol 4%. In order to detect phitoplankton temporal variations, 22 samples were collected (300mL) and preserved with lugol solution. This was done in short period of time (4 days) in the 2000 annual cycle, in the rainy season (April and May/n=8), intermediate (May and July) and dry (november and December/ n=10) seasons, in 7 depths (surface, 10% and 1% of light penetration, in 5m, 10 and bottom =21), and in 300 meters from the reservoir major slope. At the same time, water samples for nutrient ad toxins analysis were collected. The samples for cianotoxins analysis were collected in the reservoir (n=9), in the Pataxó Channel (n=4 open channel for water transport to ETA) and in the local ETA distribution exit (n=4). Climatic factors were analyzed (wind, rain, temperature), as well as hydrological (residence period, volume), physical (Zeu, water temperature) and chemical (electric conductivity, suspension matter, both organic and inorganic, alkalinity, free and total CO2, HCO3 -, O2, NO3 -,NH4 +, NTD, NT, PSR,PTD, PT e N:P). The phytoplankton community attributes (diversity, equitability, abundance and biomass expressed in biovolume mm3.L-1) and the cyanotoxin determination (microcistins, saxitoxins e cylindrospermopsin) by HPLC technique and ELISA were also analysed. We have identified 28 phitoplankton taxa, 20 cyanobacteria taxa (71%), 5 cloroficeae (18%) and 4 diatomacea (14%). Among the cyanobacteria, 50% are potentially toxic, distributed in 12 genera represented by 12 species. Four of these genera are not typical of their representative species (cf.) and four were identified in the genera level. Nostocales e Chroococcales were the orders better represented, with 10 and 8 taxa respectively, followed by Oscillatoriales with 3 taxa. The taxa are distributed in the following families: Nostocaceae (5genera/10species), Anabaena sp, Anabaena sp1, A.circinalis, A. viguieri, Aphanizomenon gracile, Aphanizomenon cf. manguinii, Aphanizomenon cf. issatschenkoi, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Cylindrospermum sp e Raphidiopsis mediterranea; Merismopediaceae (3genera-3species), Coelomoron tropicalis, Snowella cf. lacustris, Sphaerocavun brasiliense; Microcistaceae (1genus-4species), Microcystis sp, M. protocystis, M. panniformis e M. novacekii; Pseudanabaenaceae (1genus/1specie), Geitlerinema unigranulatum; Oscillatoriaceae (1genus/1specie), Lyngbya sp; Phormidiaceae (1genus/1specie), Planktothrix agardhii. The species of Cyilindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcyistis panniformis, M. protocystis, Aphanizomenon gracile and Aphanizomenon cf. manguinii had larger relative abundance (90-97%) and formed mixed, toxic, intense and alternated blooms during the 2000 annual cycle. The system presented polimitic circulation, with stratification during the rainy season and homoiothermal conditions in the dry season. The short time period btween the investigations made possible to verify the existence and intensity of disturbance in the system, allowing better evaluation and understanding of the forces controlling structure and succession patterns in the phitopkankton community. In the dry season the wind enabled the photic layer circulation in the system (Zeu=3m), influencing the nutrient availability and phitoplankton distribution pattern, providing the community with more stability. Climatic conditions and physical processes inherent to the reservoir were determinant to the thermal circulation in the system and mixing of deep layers. The environmental variables of larger influence in the cyanobacteria distribution were PSR, PT, NTD, CO2, Zeu, rains, and wind. The variation of these factors promoted the establishment of ecologically distinct periods, described using the functional groups approach by Reynolds et al. (2000). Therefore, we have identified the Cylindrospermopsis (Sn) dominance during rains, both thermallly and quimic stratificated, slow winds, low Zeu, low CO3 - and CO2 and high NH4 + and N:P values. Microcystis spp (M) dominated from the beginning of drought and system destratification, with higher Zeu, low NO3 - and PSR and high NH4 + and N:P levels. During drought, period of mixing column water, low Zeu, high NO3 -, PSR and low NH4 + and N:P levels, associations of H (Aphanizomenon spp, Anabaena spp), S1 (Planktothrix agardhii e Limnothrix), Chlorophyceae (F) and Bacillariophyeae (P), all associations adapted to poor light environments, coexisted maintaining larger uniformity in the biomass distribution. The presence of C. raciborskii in different environmental conditions confirms this species great niche amplitude and suggests less efficiency of their adaptive physiological specificity when comparing to Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, since it coexisted maintaining significant biomass during all annual cycle. The microcistinas (8.8 µg l-1/crude water and 0,26 µg/L-1/treated water) and saxitoxinas presence (3,14 µg l-1/gross water) points a permanent risk for domestic supply waters. The ingestion of small doses of microcistins, in the long term, by local population trough its accumulation in fish musculature has also to be considered, due to its potential capacity to promote carcinogens hepatic tumors. The prevalence of saxitoxin in the crude water (60%) alerts to the probability of larger distribution of this toxin in fresh water, more than what its knowm of today, specially in the semi-arid Brazil. The presence of cyanobacteria in treated water (8,2 x105 cel.mL-1) revels inefficiency in the cells removal in the ETAs and indicates the urgent need for regular monitoring, bloom control measures implementation, and inspection recommended by Brazil s Health Ministry, aiming the water quality and public health improvement.
Influência do pH e da temperatura sobre os efeitos do cobre no sangue e fígado de curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa, (STEINDACHNER, 1881)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-20)
Carvalho, Cleoni dos Santos
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
Considering that the pollutants in fish and other animals begin at enzymatic levels, and may alter the cell function and structure, the main goal of the present study was to analyze the influence of the water pH and temperature on the copper effects in liver and blood of the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa via hematological, morphological and enzymatic analysis. Juveniles specimens of P. scrofa acclimated to 20 and 30ºC were exposed to copper (acute exposure) in static systems at water pH 4.5 and 8.0 to determine the 96h-LC50. Them groups of fish were exposed to 96h-LC50 in the same water conditions for hematological analysis, determination of activity of regulatory and associated glycolitic enzymes from liver and blood in vivo and in vitro and liver morphological analysis. Groups of fish acclimated at 20 and 30ºC were kept a water pH 7.0 and serve as control for the controls groups pH 4.5 and 8.0. The 96h-LC50 were calculated as 98 ± 0.9 and 16 ± 0.2 µgCu.L-1 respectively at pH 4.5 e 8.0 a 20ºC and 88 ± 0.8 e 14 ± 0.5 µgCu.L-1 em pH 4.5 e 8.0 a 30ºC. The change in water pH caused na increase in the hematocrit (Hct) in both water pH and temperatures, reduction of hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) at water pH 4.5 at 20 and 30ºc and an increase in the number of erythrocytes (RBC) at pH 4.5 at 30ºC (p<0.05). Copper exposure caused an increase in [Hb] and RBC at 20ºC in both pHs and a reduction in the [Hb] at pH 4.5 and RBC at pH 8.0 a 30ºC. In vivo studies showed an increase in the plasma glucose concentration of the control group pH 4.5 and in fish exposed to copper in pH 4.5 at 30ºC (p<0.05). Hepatic glycogen concentration was higher at 20ºC (p<0.05). The activity of PFK enzyme in liver was reduced in the control group pH4.5 at 20ºC and increased after copper exposure. In vitro studies showed high influence of temperature on the regulatory enzymes. The activity of HK, PFK, PK, LDH and G6PHD was reduced in the control groups at 30ºC. After copper exposure the activity of these enzymes increased reaching values similar of the controls pH 7.0. In the erythrocit the increase of enzyme activity after copper exposure was more evident in the HK and PFK enzymes. Copper accumulation in liver was higher at 20ºC however, the metallothionein induction that was isolated using DEAE-Sepharoese and identified by SDS-PAGE, was more evident in fish exposed to low copper concentration in water but pH 8.0 (LC50-96h at water pH8.0). Liver histopathologies (hyperemia, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular and nuclear degeneration, focal necrosis and melanomacrophages) in P. scrofa was more related to the changes in water pH than copper exposure. These results evidenced that the changes in hematology and in the enzyme activities in response to pH and copper in the environment are complex. However, it is possible to conclude that: 1) the anaerobic metabolism prevailed in liver in fish acclimated to 20ºC, in vivo, while, in vitro, the enzyme activity was kept without change, except for HK and PK that increased their activity. The activity decrease of the regulatory and associated enzymes suggest the use of glycolitic via for energy at 30ºC; 2) copper decrease the activity of these enzymes in both temperatures; 3) the activities of regulatory enzymes at 20ºC, in the erythrocit from control groups, in vivo, suggest the mobilization of glucose. Copper addition in it showed activity stimulation in low pH (PFK) and inhibition in high pH (PFK) suggesting that in this pH the energy probably come from lactate produced by the LDH; 4) in the erythrocit, at 20ºC, the pH and copper effect suggest that the aerobic metabolism was stimulated at low pH and that the anaerobic metabolism was stimulated at high pH; it was evidenced by the increase of PFK and LDH activities, respectively; 5) the energetic demand at high temperature was maintained by the activity of PFK and LDH in the control groups and in the presence of copper prevailed the anaerobe at low pH and the aerobe at high pH; 6) the increase of metallothionein concentration suggests an increase of metabolism with the increase of temperature that increased the synthesis of this protein and the higher accumulation of copper at 20ºC may evidence higher copper excretion in fish acclimated to 30ºC; 7) the more frequent changes in the hepatic tissue found in all experiments showed low specificity of lesions as most of them occurred in response to change in water pH.
B. O. da educação: a visão dos policiais militares sobre a autoridade e a educação.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-20)
Brunetta, Antonio Alberto
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Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
As the cases of violent occurrence rise in school premises, police tend to be present in the most relevant way in the inter-school relationship as to contribute with the reconstruction of the educational dynamics, mainly in aspects related to authority. In this context, some investigation is adequate about the roots of military formation and the experience of those law enforcement officers, who have been effectively working with preventive programs. Such programs are important in the current practices of the reconstruction of police affairs, however, some people still confuse aggressive acts with prevention. In the daily routine of these officers, who work with the Violence and Drug Prevention Educational Program (PROERD), a clear paradox of identity has been detected associated with the non-recognition, by members of the police department, and equally, by some school representatives, of their job. Both of the mentioned groups, police and educational staff, may bring a lack of positive credit to the officer on duty, whose responsibilities include working in connection with the school department. In this condition of exclusion there is a clear result of mutual respect among officers with activities in the PROERD and their pupils, which has strengthened the relationship between them and stimulated successful overcome of authority as a way of organization and discipline both in the school and education areas. Such considerations lead to the necessity of teachers and people involved with education to reflect about the image they produce about the officers, in search of getting over with the vision, which considers the police officers specially connected with repression, thus strengthen the rights of both the officers and the members of the community.
Valoração econômica da função ambiental de suporte relacionada às atividades de turismo, Brotas, SP.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-21)
Oliveira Junior, Arnaldo Freitas de
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Cavalheiro, Felisberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0158443345380578
The adventure tourism in Brotas city, Brazil, is an alternative economical viable contributing to the development socioeconomic of city. The resources natural the exist in Brotas they are the base for the practice of several sports as cannoning, mountain bike, boia-cross , and others. This work have objective to estimate valuate of benefits socioeconomic flowed of resources natural s for the activities of adventure sports. The used method was use direct of resources natural. The environmental valuation became efficient for estimate the several goods and services coming of use of elements natural s in Brotas city. However, the municipal district request one environmental planning addressed to management of the tourism so that actives association to the tourism promote the development sustainable in Brotas city.
Zoneamento ambiental de bacias hidrográficas: uma abordagem metodológica aplicada na bacia do Rio Bonito (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-27)
Moraes, Maria Eugênia Bruck de
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Lorandi, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
The use of the concept for sustainable development in studies of Applied Ecology has brought a large increasein the number of analysis and environmental planning methodologies. It comes particularly into a view the development of diagnosis and prognosis evaluation related to water-basin environmental zoning. Within this context, this paper deals with the issue of environmental zoning by usisng remote sensing and geoprocess technologies. It elaborates two different zonning proposals for River Bonito Water Basin in the state of São Paulo, using both analytic and synthetic approaches. It also deals with features related to incidental environmental law in the considered area, potentialities and restrictions imposed by physical environment in regard to law use, as well as the current state of degradation of itis natural resources. Advantages and disadvantages of methodological approaches and the techniques used are also analyzed through some of methodological approaches and the techniques used are also analyzed through some maps. Finally, it presents na environmental diagnosis with important data for basin planning and management.
Resolução de problemas com adolescentes em conflito com a lei: uma proposta de intervenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-31)
Padovani, Ricardo da Costa
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5442923292795249
Young offenders have always marked their presence in society, and constitute in a universal phenomenon. The goal of the present study involves the evaluation of an intervention program of young offenders based in the promotion of problem-solving skills aimed at improving their psycho-social well-being. The project s final goal involves the decrease of delinquent acts as a result of the intervention. The four male participants took part of NAI (Integrated Support Center), a temporary detention center for offenders in the city of São Carlos. Instruments used to assess psychological well-being were: Individual Interview, participants Weekly Self-reports, The Anger Disorder Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Self-image Scale in addition to a Satisfaction with Treatment Questionnaire and monitoring of juvenile offenses. The intervention program consisted of 10 sessions, being 3 preintervention ones and 7 intervention sessions, which were daily and had one-hour duration. Besides problem-solving strategies, other techniques involved were: relaxation techniques, dysfunctional thoughts analysis, a functional analysis of impulsive/ aggressive behaviors, anger management, assertiveness training and time-out. Interviews provided rich data about the participants profile which were characterized as low-educational status, history of family violence and multiple offenses. Results indicated that two participants decreased their anger after the intervention; self-image was high since the study s beginning and all four presented a lower depression level. Follow-up data was obtained with only 2 participants, illustrating difficulties associated in working with this population.
Análise postural e eletromiográfica e a prevalência do bruxismo em indivíduos com diferentes classes oclusais de angle
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-31)
Gadotti, Inaê Caroline
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Bérzin, Fausto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0608016360372851
The parafunctions habits can be associated with malocclusion, and reflect on the posture system because of their anatomical and functional relationship, causing muscle disorders. The proposal of this study was to analyze in individuals with and without bruxism, the malocclusions prevalence (Angle classification), as well as evaluate the cervical postural behavior (head and neck) and bilateral electromyographic behavior of the anterior portion of temporal and masseter muscles. Were selected 34 female volunteers, between 17 and 27 years, and separated in two groups (with and without habits of squeeze and/or to screak the teeth). An evaluation of the occlusion was accomplished, and then a postural evaluation through a clinical analysis and through the Alcimage software, besides the electromyographic analysis, being used active differential surface electrodes. In the electromyography analysis everybody accomplished bilateral isotonic mastication with Parafilm material. According to the results, the strongest relationship evidence among head posture, malocclusions and muscle alterations, was noted on individuals with Angle class II, which presented larger electromyographic activity, larger angle in the photometric analysis and larger incidence of head anteriorization, besides all theses presented parafunction. Therefore, the association between physiotherapists and dentists is important for the treatment of patient with posture alterations and muscle dysfunction due to bruxism and malocclusion, mainly for the individuals with class II.
Produtividade bacterioplanctônica e fitoplanctônica nos ecossistemas aquáticos do trecho médio da bacia do Rio Doce MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-01)
Petrucio, Maurício Mello
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Barbosa, Francisco Antonio Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0932673194762377
This research had as major objective to quantify the existent relationships between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton production rates, determining the importance of these communities on the carbon fixation and organic matter transfer in rivers and lakes of the middle stretch of the Rio Doce basin in Minas Gerais state (southeast Brazil) during dry and rainy periods of the years 1999-2001. The concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and the N/P ratios were used to evaluate possible relationships between productivity and trophic status based in diel, seasonal, and annual patterns. This thesis was divided into 5 chapters approaching mainly phytoplankton and bacterial production rates in rivers and lakes of Rio Doce basin. The testing hypothesis is that production rates varies seasonally (dry and rainy periods) thus resulting in changes of the BP/PP ratios, as a consequence of changes in the inputs of allochthonous matter (nutrients) being also affected by distinct internal loads during these periods. The study was conducted in 8 rivers of the middle stretch of Rio Doce basin and in 7 lakes of the Rio Doce State Park and surrounding area, during dry and rainy periods from 1999 to 2001. The ecosystems presented a wide trophic status (from oligo to eutrophic), as well as bacterioplantonic (0.005 5.7 mg C.m-3.h-1) and phytoplanctonic (0.01 747.5 mg C.m-3.h-1) production rates. For the lotic environments, seasonality and nutrient concentration were considered the most important factors for productivity. Significant positive correlations were obtained between phosphorus concentrations and bacterial production rates. For the lentic environments seasonality was only evident for bacterial production rates with high N/P ratios, suggesting phosphorus limitation in most of the lakes. Bacterial production in spite of presenting lower values than the ones recorded for phytoplankton could be an important carbon source mainly within deep layers and more eutrophic ecosystems.
Mineralização e formação de gases da degradação de Eichhornia azurea Kunth e Egeria najas Planch
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-11)
Bitar, Alexandre Luccas
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2010214424788418
The decomposition of macrophytes may constitute in an important source of carbon for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The experiments developed in this study aimed to describe mineralization aspects such as kinetics and formation of CO2 and CH4 from the anaerobic decomposition of the aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia azurea Kunth and Egeria najas Planch. Samples of these plants and of water were collected in the Óleo lagoon (Ecological Station of Jataí, Luiz Antônio district SP; 21o33 - 21o37 S, 47o45 - 47o52 W). In the laboratory two experiments were conducted: the first aimed to describe the kinetics of carbon transformation through the quantification of the reminiscent fractions; the second aimed to describe the variations of the gas products (CO2 and CH4). Fragments of E. azurea and E. najas, along with water samples from the lagoon, were added to decomposition chambers in the proportion of 8 g L-1 (PS). The CO2 and CH4 emissions were determined through chromatography. The results of E. azurea showed that, on the first phase of mineralization, the mass losses varied between 24,91 and 23,93%, with decay coefficients of 0,55 and 1,5 day-1. For E. najas the mass losses varied between 25 and 67%, depending on temperature. The decay coefficients were of 0,14 and 0,17 day-1 (E. najas). The production of CO2 for both species was, overall, higher when temperatures were 17,7 and 20,3 oC. The production of methane was favored at 22,4 and 27,0 oC. The results allowed to infer that, at the Óleo lagoon, the conversion of the label debris fraction of Egeria najas is favored at higher temperatures and its mineralization coefficient are relatively low. The rate of mineralization of refractory carbon of Egeria najas, in this lagoon, is probably increased with temperature elevation.
Ampliação do repertório funcional de portadores de deficiência física.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-11)
Souza, Daniela Maria Xavier de
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4142936012258050
Several studies have shown that disabled people attending is done in a insufficient way in our country, being it an important social problem. Besides that, disabled ones also run into difficulties because of prejudice and lack of social support, what limits their roles as productive beings in the society. Besides some important achievements have been made in these days, as a better conscious of the need of participation of the disabled people in society, and some changes in the laws, still concrete changes are not enough to reach the needs of the disabled, showing that the law changes are also not enough to change reality. In this way, efforts are needed in order to guarantee that the disabled one has conditions to exert his/her citizenship, having access to the resources available. This work focus on delineating and evaluating effectiveness of a program to increase functional repertoire of disabled people, by means of the amplification or redirection of his/her participation on daily life activities. Six persons with disabilities acquired during their lives were selected to take part in the research, being between 24 and 31 years-old, users of a physiotherapy clinic, entailed to a public university. A one being its own control delineation was used to evaluate the effects of the program. The proceedings of the base line were done with every participant for at least three weeks, to evaluate the activities made by them routinely, and to make a characterization of their psychological well being; the evaluations of the progress were done during the whole work. The intervention program consisted in working with the disabled person and his/her family in the establishment of priorities in short and long terms for the involvement of the participant in relevant activities, including capacitating activities and the search of effective enrollment in such activities. The establishment of goals constituted an important product for the participants, but the results related to the amplification in participation and involvement in activities showed the need of alternatives for some participants. For those who showed themselves not very active, the program directed for extending activities and social contact sources, having this goal fully achieved in some cases, achieved for a temporary period in others, and not achieved in some cases. Normally active participants directed the establishment of goals for adjusting their daily activities to their physical condition. Results of the program showed incipient, but the research work resulted important consequences, such as raising questions targeting life quality and social insertion of disabled people.
Magnetoplasmons no sistema de elétrons superficiais sobre hélio líquido confinado em um canal parabólico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-15)
Ramos, Antonio Carlos Alonge
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Balev, Oleg Grigorievich
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Studart Filho, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4935414024522342
A lot of experimental and theoretical work have been performed in order to understand the collective modes of two-dimensional electron system (2DES) confined to restricted geometries. In particular, the system of surface electrons on helium has provided a very convenient tool to study edge magnetoplasmon properties at the nondegenerate regime. Recently, magnetoplasma excitations in a single wire of electrons on suspended helium films were reported. In this thesis, we study the magnetoplasma vvaves in the nondegenerate 2DES laterally confined in a narrovv channel of width W by a self-consistent potential given, in the parabolic approximation, by Vy = m0Ω2 y2 / 2 , where Ω is the confinement frequency. First, we have showed that this is a very good approximation for the experimental conditions. We have considered, for the actual situation, a metallic gate away from the 2D layer at distance d. We calculate the magnetoplasmon modes for strong magnetic fields, coc / Cl » 1 and in the ultra quantum limit when only the lowest (spin-split) Landau levei is occupied, in particular, hcoc »kBT. For evaluation of the spectra and the spatial structure of the magnetoplasmons, we employ an approach, based on the random-phase approximation. The extension for this problem is not trivial because a new length scale (T = ^2kBT/ m0Q2 » t0 is introduced, where (0 is the magnetic length. We also include the effect of dissipation on the magnetoplasmon spectra using the integral equation for the charge density obtained in a Drude-like approach. We provide a detailed discussion of our theoretical findings with the experimental observations of the conductance peaks as a function of the magnetic fields for various values of the holding field and we relate the peaks to the magnetoplasmon modes. From a comparison between of our numerical calculations and the experimental results from Valkering and Heijden, we conclude that: i) for the fixed qx - (2tt/ P)n> where P is the channel perimeter, the frequency of any magnetoplasmon is 1/5 in agreement with experiment and theoretical calculation done by Sokolov and Studart; ii) the fundamental mode was not observed in the experiment, but the upper order modes; iii) despite the self-consistent calculation of the charge profile, our model is unable to explain the dependence of the mode spectra on the holding potential as found by Valkering and Heijden