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Composição florística, estrutura fitossociológica e conteúdo de nitrogênio foliar em cerradão, Luiz Antônio, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-14)
Silva, Érico Fernando Lopes Pereira da
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
The cerradão is one of the forest physiognomy of the cerrado biome more threaded with the expansion of agricultural activities. The existence of remaining cerradão areas in the state with different sizes and conservation status show the necessity of studies in these areas. In São Paulo state, 237,918 ha of Cerrado Lato sensu are distributed in patches centered in two large regions, the first one, localized in the Central to North-Northeast region and the second, in the West region of the state. The study area was a cerradão patch has 1,735.55 ha, known as Oitocentos Alqueires , situated in Southwest of Estação Ecológica de Jataí in the Luís Antônio municipality, São Paulo state. We used 25 permanent plots of 250 m². The floristic survey characterized the vegetation like a cerradão and the vertical phytosociological parameters permitted us give to the species values through the Relative Sociological Position (RSP) and the Amplified Value of Importance index (AIVI), associating the horizontal phytosociological structure showed by the Value of Importance index (IVI) with the heterogeneity and irregularity of the cerradão strata. We founded that the studied area has a great number of shrub and arboreous individuals (5,284 individuals) beyond a high value of floristic diversity (3.47 nat.ind-1). The diameter and tall distributions showed abundance on the natural regeneration component due the great stock of young plants that compose the inferior stratum of the community. The natural regeneration analysis showed is essential to comprehend the establishment, survival and growth of the cerradão species. The regeneration component demonstrate that the density in the superior class was 700.80 ind.ha-1, in the median, 4,912.00 ind.ha-1 and in the inferior 1,296.11 ind.ha-1. Although the low density in of the inferior class, most of the populations in the cerradão community don t demonstrate regeneration problems and this aspect is clear due the great number of regenerating individuals in the median and superior classes. Using the phytosociological far evaluation of parameters and the rate of natural regeneration we selected 30 species and estimated the nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and the leaf nitrogen content. The analysis of leaf RNA and leaf nitrogen content suggests that the activity of the enzyme is not related with the content of NO3- in the ground and probably the plants of the study area use other nitrogen sources, beyond the NO3-, probably NH4+, that also was the predominant ion in relation to the NO3- in the ground. The 30 species had presented a diversification in the strategies of nitrogen assimilation having used as source, probably, NO3-, NH4+, micorriza and nodulation. How much to the foliar nitrogen tax it is important to stand out that of the ten species of bigger foliar nitrogen content, seven they are Leguminosae, indicating that this family possesss an efficient adaptation in the nitrogen assimilation. Low the correlation of the concentration of íons NO3- of the ground with the RNA confirm the hypothesis of that the species of the study area possess strategies to optimize the nitrogen assimilation, probably using NH4+ in the NO3- non-availability, besides making use of other assimilated mechanisms as nodulation and associations of micorrizas. Key words floristic and phytosociology, cerradão, arboreous and shrub vegetation, natural regeneration, nitrate reductase activity, leaf nitrogen content, NO3-, NH4+.
Aspectos da biologia, estrutura populacional e parentesco intranidal em vespas do gênero Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-14)
Peruquetti, Rui Carlos
;
Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0250750338668429
Wasps of the genus Trypoxylon (Sphecidae) building their nests with mud and mass-provisioned them with paralyzed spiders. The males of the subgenus Trypargilum may act as guards during the period of nest construction and provisioning. This behavior is common to other Sphecidae, but unusual in Hymenoptera. Theoretically, such behavior makes sense, due to haplodiploid and its relatedness asymmetry, only if male guards be the fathers of the female brood. In this study was investigated the population structure of T. (Trypargilum) albitarse and T. (Trypargilum) rogenhoferi, both common species in Brazil. Nests were sampled in São Carlos and Luís Antônio, State of São Paulo cities. Pupae and adults were analyzed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The populations of the two species showed structured, probably as consequence of philopatric behavior of the wasps. In the case of T. rogenhoferi, behind philopatry, differentiate fecundity among females may be important to determine the observed population structure. Larger females produce more offspring than small ones and, on average, the daughters of these larger females are larger too. Thus, the larger females genotype may be the predominant in the nesting area. In this manner, T. rogenhoferi fits the predictions of the models on optimal sex allocation, another line of investigation in this study. Maternal provisions determined the size of each offspring and females allocated well-stocked brood cells to daughter, the sex that benefits most being large. This strategy yielded differences in size between the sexes, being the females larger than males. There are evidences local prey availability may influence the female decision of lay a male or a female egg and also influence the body size of both sexes, but furthers studies are necessary to test whether local resources enhancement might play some role in T. rogenhoferi populations. The guard paternity also was investigated and was verified to both species that in many cases the guard was the father of the female offspring, but the results are contradictory. The relatedness estimates (determined using variable enzyme systems as markers) have large standard errors; so many of the values do not differ from zero or 0.75 (full sisters). It was not possible to determine whether such deviations are due (i) multiple mating by females, (ii) nest switching and/or (iii) more than one female laying eggs in a nest. It was observed that (ii) and (iii) can occur in variable frequencies, being dependents of population density and availability of places to nesting. The occurrence of (i) may be possible whether the repeated copulations solicited by the guard from the female were not effective to assure to him the paternity. In areas with dense populations, extrapair copulations are frequent. Maybe, the adoption of another approach to determine the paternity in these wasps be the better solution to this question.
Dinâmica de populações de cianobactérias em reservatório eutrofizado no semi-árido nordestino brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-14)
Costa, Ivaneide Alves Soares da
;
Senna, Pedro Américo Cabral
;
Chellappa, Naithirithi Tiruvenkatachary
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1365437036105422
The Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves reservoir, located in the semi-arid of the Rio Grande do Norte (06o08 S ; 37o 07 W), in Northeast Brazil, represents 68% of the total surface water accumulated in the state. The reservoir, with maximum volumetric capacity of 2.4 x 109, provides 400 thousands habitants and also is destined to irrigation, leisure and fishing. It has permanent and continuos blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria. The aim of this paper were to identify the planktonic cyanobacteria, to recognize the temporal patterns of population distribution, understanding the environmental factors regulating dominance, and to distinguish and quantify the cyanotoxins present in the reservoir s crude water seston and in the treated water at the treatment station outlet (ETA). According to the region s climatic characteristics, the investigations were carried out from 2000 to 2002. The samples for cyanobacteria identification (n=36) were collected with plankton net and preserved with formol 4%. In order to detect phitoplankton temporal variations, 22 samples were collected (300mL) and preserved with lugol solution. This was done in short period of time (4 days) in the 2000 annual cycle, in the rainy season (April and May/n=8), intermediate (May and July) and dry (november and December/ n=10) seasons, in 7 depths (surface, 10% and 1% of light penetration, in 5m, 10 and bottom =21), and in 300 meters from the reservoir major slope. At the same time, water samples for nutrient ad toxins analysis were collected. The samples for cianotoxins analysis were collected in the reservoir (n=9), in the Pataxó Channel (n=4 open channel for water transport to ETA) and in the local ETA distribution exit (n=4). Climatic factors were analyzed (wind, rain, temperature), as well as hydrological (residence period, volume), physical (Zeu, water temperature) and chemical (electric conductivity, suspension matter, both organic and inorganic, alkalinity, free and total CO2, HCO3 -, O2, NO3 -,NH4 +, NTD, NT, PSR,PTD, PT e N:P). The phytoplankton community attributes (diversity, equitability, abundance and biomass expressed in biovolume mm3.L-1) and the cyanotoxin determination (microcistins, saxitoxins e cylindrospermopsin) by HPLC technique and ELISA were also analysed. We have identified 28 phitoplankton taxa, 20 cyanobacteria taxa (71%), 5 cloroficeae (18%) and 4 diatomacea (14%). Among the cyanobacteria, 50% are potentially toxic, distributed in 12 genera represented by 12 species. Four of these genera are not typical of their representative species (cf.) and four were identified in the genera level. Nostocales e Chroococcales were the orders better represented, with 10 and 8 taxa respectively, followed by Oscillatoriales with 3 taxa. The taxa are distributed in the following families: Nostocaceae (5genera/10species), Anabaena sp, Anabaena sp1, A.circinalis, A. viguieri, Aphanizomenon gracile, Aphanizomenon cf. manguinii, Aphanizomenon cf. issatschenkoi, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Cylindrospermum sp e Raphidiopsis mediterranea; Merismopediaceae (3genera-3species), Coelomoron tropicalis, Snowella cf. lacustris, Sphaerocavun brasiliense; Microcistaceae (1genus-4species), Microcystis sp, M. protocystis, M. panniformis e M. novacekii; Pseudanabaenaceae (1genus/1specie), Geitlerinema unigranulatum; Oscillatoriaceae (1genus/1specie), Lyngbya sp; Phormidiaceae (1genus/1specie), Planktothrix agardhii. The species of Cyilindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcyistis panniformis, M. protocystis, Aphanizomenon gracile and Aphanizomenon cf. manguinii had larger relative abundance (90-97%) and formed mixed, toxic, intense and alternated blooms during the 2000 annual cycle. The system presented polimitic circulation, with stratification during the rainy season and homoiothermal conditions in the dry season. The short time period btween the investigations made possible to verify the existence and intensity of disturbance in the system, allowing better evaluation and understanding of the forces controlling structure and succession patterns in the phitopkankton community. In the dry season the wind enabled the photic layer circulation in the system (Zeu=3m), influencing the nutrient availability and phitoplankton distribution pattern, providing the community with more stability. Climatic conditions and physical processes inherent to the reservoir were determinant to the thermal circulation in the system and mixing of deep layers. The environmental variables of larger influence in the cyanobacteria distribution were PSR, PT, NTD, CO2, Zeu, rains, and wind. The variation of these factors promoted the establishment of ecologically distinct periods, described using the functional groups approach by Reynolds et al. (2000). Therefore, we have identified the Cylindrospermopsis (Sn) dominance during rains, both thermallly and quimic stratificated, slow winds, low Zeu, low CO3 - and CO2 and high NH4 + and N:P values. Microcystis spp (M) dominated from the beginning of drought and system destratification, with higher Zeu, low NO3 - and PSR and high NH4 + and N:P levels. During drought, period of mixing column water, low Zeu, high NO3 -, PSR and low NH4 + and N:P levels, associations of H (Aphanizomenon spp, Anabaena spp), S1 (Planktothrix agardhii e Limnothrix), Chlorophyceae (F) and Bacillariophyeae (P), all associations adapted to poor light environments, coexisted maintaining larger uniformity in the biomass distribution. The presence of C. raciborskii in different environmental conditions confirms this species great niche amplitude and suggests less efficiency of their adaptive physiological specificity when comparing to Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, since it coexisted maintaining significant biomass during all annual cycle. The microcistinas (8.8 µg l-1/crude water and 0,26 µg/L-1/treated water) and saxitoxinas presence (3,14 µg l-1/gross water) points a permanent risk for domestic supply waters. The ingestion of small doses of microcistins, in the long term, by local population trough its accumulation in fish musculature has also to be considered, due to its potential capacity to promote carcinogens hepatic tumors. The prevalence of saxitoxin in the crude water (60%) alerts to the probability of larger distribution of this toxin in fresh water, more than what its knowm of today, specially in the semi-arid Brazil. The presence of cyanobacteria in treated water (8,2 x105 cel.mL-1) revels inefficiency in the cells removal in the ETAs and indicates the urgent need for regular monitoring, bloom control measures implementation, and inspection recommended by Brazil s Health Ministry, aiming the water quality and public health improvement.
Influência do pH e da temperatura sobre os efeitos do cobre no sangue e fígado de curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa, (STEINDACHNER, 1881)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-20)
Carvalho, Cleoni dos Santos
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
Considering that the pollutants in fish and other animals begin at enzymatic levels, and may alter the cell function and structure, the main goal of the present study was to analyze the influence of the water pH and temperature on the copper effects in liver and blood of the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa via hematological, morphological and enzymatic analysis. Juveniles specimens of P. scrofa acclimated to 20 and 30ºC were exposed to copper (acute exposure) in static systems at water pH 4.5 and 8.0 to determine the 96h-LC50. Them groups of fish were exposed to 96h-LC50 in the same water conditions for hematological analysis, determination of activity of regulatory and associated glycolitic enzymes from liver and blood in vivo and in vitro and liver morphological analysis. Groups of fish acclimated at 20 and 30ºC were kept a water pH 7.0 and serve as control for the controls groups pH 4.5 and 8.0. The 96h-LC50 were calculated as 98 ± 0.9 and 16 ± 0.2 µgCu.L-1 respectively at pH 4.5 e 8.0 a 20ºC and 88 ± 0.8 e 14 ± 0.5 µgCu.L-1 em pH 4.5 e 8.0 a 30ºC. The change in water pH caused na increase in the hematocrit (Hct) in both water pH and temperatures, reduction of hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) at water pH 4.5 at 20 and 30ºc and an increase in the number of erythrocytes (RBC) at pH 4.5 at 30ºC (p<0.05). Copper exposure caused an increase in [Hb] and RBC at 20ºC in both pHs and a reduction in the [Hb] at pH 4.5 and RBC at pH 8.0 a 30ºC. In vivo studies showed an increase in the plasma glucose concentration of the control group pH 4.5 and in fish exposed to copper in pH 4.5 at 30ºC (p<0.05). Hepatic glycogen concentration was higher at 20ºC (p<0.05). The activity of PFK enzyme in liver was reduced in the control group pH4.5 at 20ºC and increased after copper exposure. In vitro studies showed high influence of temperature on the regulatory enzymes. The activity of HK, PFK, PK, LDH and G6PHD was reduced in the control groups at 30ºC. After copper exposure the activity of these enzymes increased reaching values similar of the controls pH 7.0. In the erythrocit the increase of enzyme activity after copper exposure was more evident in the HK and PFK enzymes. Copper accumulation in liver was higher at 20ºC however, the metallothionein induction that was isolated using DEAE-Sepharoese and identified by SDS-PAGE, was more evident in fish exposed to low copper concentration in water but pH 8.0 (LC50-96h at water pH8.0). Liver histopathologies (hyperemia, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular and nuclear degeneration, focal necrosis and melanomacrophages) in P. scrofa was more related to the changes in water pH than copper exposure. These results evidenced that the changes in hematology and in the enzyme activities in response to pH and copper in the environment are complex. However, it is possible to conclude that: 1) the anaerobic metabolism prevailed in liver in fish acclimated to 20ºC, in vivo, while, in vitro, the enzyme activity was kept without change, except for HK and PK that increased their activity. The activity decrease of the regulatory and associated enzymes suggest the use of glycolitic via for energy at 30ºC; 2) copper decrease the activity of these enzymes in both temperatures; 3) the activities of regulatory enzymes at 20ºC, in the erythrocit from control groups, in vivo, suggest the mobilization of glucose. Copper addition in it showed activity stimulation in low pH (PFK) and inhibition in high pH (PFK) suggesting that in this pH the energy probably come from lactate produced by the LDH; 4) in the erythrocit, at 20ºC, the pH and copper effect suggest that the aerobic metabolism was stimulated at low pH and that the anaerobic metabolism was stimulated at high pH; it was evidenced by the increase of PFK and LDH activities, respectively; 5) the energetic demand at high temperature was maintained by the activity of PFK and LDH in the control groups and in the presence of copper prevailed the anaerobe at low pH and the aerobe at high pH; 6) the increase of metallothionein concentration suggests an increase of metabolism with the increase of temperature that increased the synthesis of this protein and the higher accumulation of copper at 20ºC may evidence higher copper excretion in fish acclimated to 30ºC; 7) the more frequent changes in the hepatic tissue found in all experiments showed low specificity of lesions as most of them occurred in response to change in water pH.
B. O. da educação: a visão dos policiais militares sobre a autoridade e a educação.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-20)
Brunetta, Antonio Alberto
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Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
As the cases of violent occurrence rise in school premises, police tend to be present in the most relevant way in the inter-school relationship as to contribute with the reconstruction of the educational dynamics, mainly in aspects related to authority. In this context, some investigation is adequate about the roots of military formation and the experience of those law enforcement officers, who have been effectively working with preventive programs. Such programs are important in the current practices of the reconstruction of police affairs, however, some people still confuse aggressive acts with prevention. In the daily routine of these officers, who work with the Violence and Drug Prevention Educational Program (PROERD), a clear paradox of identity has been detected associated with the non-recognition, by members of the police department, and equally, by some school representatives, of their job. Both of the mentioned groups, police and educational staff, may bring a lack of positive credit to the officer on duty, whose responsibilities include working in connection with the school department. In this condition of exclusion there is a clear result of mutual respect among officers with activities in the PROERD and their pupils, which has strengthened the relationship between them and stimulated successful overcome of authority as a way of organization and discipline both in the school and education areas. Such considerations lead to the necessity of teachers and people involved with education to reflect about the image they produce about the officers, in search of getting over with the vision, which considers the police officers specially connected with repression, thus strengthen the rights of both the officers and the members of the community.
Valoração econômica da função ambiental de suporte relacionada às atividades de turismo, Brotas, SP.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-21)
Oliveira Junior, Arnaldo Freitas de
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Cavalheiro, Felisberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0158443345380578
The adventure tourism in Brotas city, Brazil, is an alternative economical viable contributing to the development socioeconomic of city. The resources natural the exist in Brotas they are the base for the practice of several sports as cannoning, mountain bike, boia-cross , and others. This work have objective to estimate valuate of benefits socioeconomic flowed of resources natural s for the activities of adventure sports. The used method was use direct of resources natural. The environmental valuation became efficient for estimate the several goods and services coming of use of elements natural s in Brotas city. However, the municipal district request one environmental planning addressed to management of the tourism so that actives association to the tourism promote the development sustainable in Brotas city.
Zoneamento ambiental de bacias hidrográficas: uma abordagem metodológica aplicada na bacia do Rio Bonito (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-27)
Moraes, Maria Eugênia Bruck de
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Lorandi, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671
The use of the concept for sustainable development in studies of Applied Ecology has brought a large increasein the number of analysis and environmental planning methodologies. It comes particularly into a view the development of diagnosis and prognosis evaluation related to water-basin environmental zoning. Within this context, this paper deals with the issue of environmental zoning by usisng remote sensing and geoprocess technologies. It elaborates two different zonning proposals for River Bonito Water Basin in the state of São Paulo, using both analytic and synthetic approaches. It also deals with features related to incidental environmental law in the considered area, potentialities and restrictions imposed by physical environment in regard to law use, as well as the current state of degradation of itis natural resources. Advantages and disadvantages of methodological approaches and the techniques used are also analyzed through some of methodological approaches and the techniques used are also analyzed through some maps. Finally, it presents na environmental diagnosis with important data for basin planning and management.
Resolução de problemas com adolescentes em conflito com a lei: uma proposta de intervenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-31)
Padovani, Ricardo da Costa
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5442923292795249
Young offenders have always marked their presence in society, and constitute in a universal phenomenon. The goal of the present study involves the evaluation of an intervention program of young offenders based in the promotion of problem-solving skills aimed at improving their psycho-social well-being. The project s final goal involves the decrease of delinquent acts as a result of the intervention. The four male participants took part of NAI (Integrated Support Center), a temporary detention center for offenders in the city of São Carlos. Instruments used to assess psychological well-being were: Individual Interview, participants Weekly Self-reports, The Anger Disorder Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Self-image Scale in addition to a Satisfaction with Treatment Questionnaire and monitoring of juvenile offenses. The intervention program consisted of 10 sessions, being 3 preintervention ones and 7 intervention sessions, which were daily and had one-hour duration. Besides problem-solving strategies, other techniques involved were: relaxation techniques, dysfunctional thoughts analysis, a functional analysis of impulsive/ aggressive behaviors, anger management, assertiveness training and time-out. Interviews provided rich data about the participants profile which were characterized as low-educational status, history of family violence and multiple offenses. Results indicated that two participants decreased their anger after the intervention; self-image was high since the study s beginning and all four presented a lower depression level. Follow-up data was obtained with only 2 participants, illustrating difficulties associated in working with this population.
Análise postural e eletromiográfica e a prevalência do bruxismo em indivíduos com diferentes classes oclusais de angle
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-03-31)
Gadotti, Inaê Caroline
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Bérzin, Fausto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0608016360372851
The parafunctions habits can be associated with malocclusion, and reflect on the posture system because of their anatomical and functional relationship, causing muscle disorders. The proposal of this study was to analyze in individuals with and without bruxism, the malocclusions prevalence (Angle classification), as well as evaluate the cervical postural behavior (head and neck) and bilateral electromyographic behavior of the anterior portion of temporal and masseter muscles. Were selected 34 female volunteers, between 17 and 27 years, and separated in two groups (with and without habits of squeeze and/or to screak the teeth). An evaluation of the occlusion was accomplished, and then a postural evaluation through a clinical analysis and through the Alcimage software, besides the electromyographic analysis, being used active differential surface electrodes. In the electromyography analysis everybody accomplished bilateral isotonic mastication with Parafilm material. According to the results, the strongest relationship evidence among head posture, malocclusions and muscle alterations, was noted on individuals with Angle class II, which presented larger electromyographic activity, larger angle in the photometric analysis and larger incidence of head anteriorization, besides all theses presented parafunction. Therefore, the association between physiotherapists and dentists is important for the treatment of patient with posture alterations and muscle dysfunction due to bruxism and malocclusion, mainly for the individuals with class II.
Produtividade bacterioplanctônica e fitoplanctônica nos ecossistemas aquáticos do trecho médio da bacia do Rio Doce MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-01)
Petrucio, Maurício Mello
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Barbosa, Francisco Antonio Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0932673194762377
This research had as major objective to quantify the existent relationships between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton production rates, determining the importance of these communities on the carbon fixation and organic matter transfer in rivers and lakes of the middle stretch of the Rio Doce basin in Minas Gerais state (southeast Brazil) during dry and rainy periods of the years 1999-2001. The concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and the N/P ratios were used to evaluate possible relationships between productivity and trophic status based in diel, seasonal, and annual patterns. This thesis was divided into 5 chapters approaching mainly phytoplankton and bacterial production rates in rivers and lakes of Rio Doce basin. The testing hypothesis is that production rates varies seasonally (dry and rainy periods) thus resulting in changes of the BP/PP ratios, as a consequence of changes in the inputs of allochthonous matter (nutrients) being also affected by distinct internal loads during these periods. The study was conducted in 8 rivers of the middle stretch of Rio Doce basin and in 7 lakes of the Rio Doce State Park and surrounding area, during dry and rainy periods from 1999 to 2001. The ecosystems presented a wide trophic status (from oligo to eutrophic), as well as bacterioplantonic (0.005 5.7 mg C.m-3.h-1) and phytoplanctonic (0.01 747.5 mg C.m-3.h-1) production rates. For the lotic environments, seasonality and nutrient concentration were considered the most important factors for productivity. Significant positive correlations were obtained between phosphorus concentrations and bacterial production rates. For the lentic environments seasonality was only evident for bacterial production rates with high N/P ratios, suggesting phosphorus limitation in most of the lakes. Bacterial production in spite of presenting lower values than the ones recorded for phytoplankton could be an important carbon source mainly within deep layers and more eutrophic ecosystems.
Mineralização e formação de gases da degradação de Eichhornia azurea Kunth e Egeria najas Planch
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-11)
Bitar, Alexandre Luccas
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2010214424788418
The decomposition of macrophytes may constitute in an important source of carbon for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The experiments developed in this study aimed to describe mineralization aspects such as kinetics and formation of CO2 and CH4 from the anaerobic decomposition of the aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia azurea Kunth and Egeria najas Planch. Samples of these plants and of water were collected in the Óleo lagoon (Ecological Station of Jataí, Luiz Antônio district SP; 21o33 - 21o37 S, 47o45 - 47o52 W). In the laboratory two experiments were conducted: the first aimed to describe the kinetics of carbon transformation through the quantification of the reminiscent fractions; the second aimed to describe the variations of the gas products (CO2 and CH4). Fragments of E. azurea and E. najas, along with water samples from the lagoon, were added to decomposition chambers in the proportion of 8 g L-1 (PS). The CO2 and CH4 emissions were determined through chromatography. The results of E. azurea showed that, on the first phase of mineralization, the mass losses varied between 24,91 and 23,93%, with decay coefficients of 0,55 and 1,5 day-1. For E. najas the mass losses varied between 25 and 67%, depending on temperature. The decay coefficients were of 0,14 and 0,17 day-1 (E. najas). The production of CO2 for both species was, overall, higher when temperatures were 17,7 and 20,3 oC. The production of methane was favored at 22,4 and 27,0 oC. The results allowed to infer that, at the Óleo lagoon, the conversion of the label debris fraction of Egeria najas is favored at higher temperatures and its mineralization coefficient are relatively low. The rate of mineralization of refractory carbon of Egeria najas, in this lagoon, is probably increased with temperature elevation.
Ampliação do repertório funcional de portadores de deficiência física.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-11)
Souza, Daniela Maria Xavier de
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4142936012258050
Several studies have shown that disabled people attending is done in a insufficient way in our country, being it an important social problem. Besides that, disabled ones also run into difficulties because of prejudice and lack of social support, what limits their roles as productive beings in the society. Besides some important achievements have been made in these days, as a better conscious of the need of participation of the disabled people in society, and some changes in the laws, still concrete changes are not enough to reach the needs of the disabled, showing that the law changes are also not enough to change reality. In this way, efforts are needed in order to guarantee that the disabled one has conditions to exert his/her citizenship, having access to the resources available. This work focus on delineating and evaluating effectiveness of a program to increase functional repertoire of disabled people, by means of the amplification or redirection of his/her participation on daily life activities. Six persons with disabilities acquired during their lives were selected to take part in the research, being between 24 and 31 years-old, users of a physiotherapy clinic, entailed to a public university. A one being its own control delineation was used to evaluate the effects of the program. The proceedings of the base line were done with every participant for at least three weeks, to evaluate the activities made by them routinely, and to make a characterization of their psychological well being; the evaluations of the progress were done during the whole work. The intervention program consisted in working with the disabled person and his/her family in the establishment of priorities in short and long terms for the involvement of the participant in relevant activities, including capacitating activities and the search of effective enrollment in such activities. The establishment of goals constituted an important product for the participants, but the results related to the amplification in participation and involvement in activities showed the need of alternatives for some participants. For those who showed themselves not very active, the program directed for extending activities and social contact sources, having this goal fully achieved in some cases, achieved for a temporary period in others, and not achieved in some cases. Normally active participants directed the establishment of goals for adjusting their daily activities to their physical condition. Results of the program showed incipient, but the research work resulted important consequences, such as raising questions targeting life quality and social insertion of disabled people.
Magnetoplasmons no sistema de elétrons superficiais sobre hélio líquido confinado em um canal parabólico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-15)
Ramos, Antonio Carlos Alonge
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Balev, Oleg Grigorievich
;
Studart Filho, Nelson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4935414024522342
A lot of experimental and theoretical work have been performed in order to understand the collective modes of two-dimensional electron system (2DES) confined to restricted geometries. In particular, the system of surface electrons on helium has provided a very convenient tool to study edge magnetoplasmon properties at the nondegenerate regime. Recently, magnetoplasma excitations in a single wire of electrons on suspended helium films were reported. In this thesis, we study the magnetoplasma vvaves in the nondegenerate 2DES laterally confined in a narrovv channel of width W by a self-consistent potential given, in the parabolic approximation, by Vy = m0Ω2 y2 / 2 , where Ω is the confinement frequency. First, we have showed that this is a very good approximation for the experimental conditions. We have considered, for the actual situation, a metallic gate away from the 2D layer at distance d. We calculate the magnetoplasmon modes for strong magnetic fields, coc / Cl » 1 and in the ultra quantum limit when only the lowest (spin-split) Landau levei is occupied, in particular, hcoc »kBT. For evaluation of the spectra and the spatial structure of the magnetoplasmons, we employ an approach, based on the random-phase approximation. The extension for this problem is not trivial because a new length scale (T = ^2kBT/ m0Q2 » t0 is introduced, where (0 is the magnetic length. We also include the effect of dissipation on the magnetoplasmon spectra using the integral equation for the charge density obtained in a Drude-like approach. We provide a detailed discussion of our theoretical findings with the experimental observations of the conductance peaks as a function of the magnetic fields for various values of the holding field and we relate the peaks to the magnetoplasmon modes. From a comparison between of our numerical calculations and the experimental results from Valkering and Heijden, we conclude that: i) for the fixed qx - (2tt/ P)n> where P is the channel perimeter, the frequency of any magnetoplasmon is 1/5 in agreement with experiment and theoretical calculation done by Sokolov and Studart; ii) the fundamental mode was not observed in the experiment, but the upper order modes; iii) despite the self-consistent calculation of the charge profile, our model is unable to explain the dependence of the mode spectra on the holding potential as found by Valkering and Heijden
Comportamento bioquímico e fisiológico de sementes florestais nativas durante a embebição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-16)
Borges, Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
This work aimed to study the biochemical and physiological changes, with emphasis on alpha-galactosidase enzyme, which occur during the germination of Platymiscium pubescens, Tachigalia multijuga and Caesalpinia peltophoroides seeds submitted to different treatments. Platymiscium pubescens seeds were osmoconditioned in polyethilenoglycol (PEG, m.w. 6,000) and the alterations in water content, embryonic axis growth, germination, cellular wall, protein carbohydrate mobilization and alpha-galactosidase were analyzed. Moisture of seeds maintained in water stabilized after the moisture of those maintained in PEG. The germination of water-maintained seeds, which were regarded as control, reached 30% in 120 h. While the fresh mass and embryonic axis length increased significantly during permanence in the PEG solution, fresh mass did not alter significantly. Arabinose was found to be the main constituent of the membrane surrounding the embryo and, together with xylose, showed significant decreases during permanence in the PEG solution. Alpha-galactosidase activity underwent significant changes during the 120 h period in the PEG solution. Rhamnose, arabinose and xylose contents altered significantly in the pectic fraction, while rhamnose was the only one found in the hemicellulosic fraction of the embryonic axis wall. Glucose contents reduced significantly both in the embryonic axis and in the cotyledons during osmocondioning. Stachyose and raffinose contents had no significant alterations in the cotyledons while sucrose content reduced significantly. Protein contents decreased significantly during the 120h osmoconditioning. It was concluded that osmoconditioning potentialized seed germination during the imbibing process, resulting in cellular wall changes due to the deposition of reducing sugars. In view of the significant alterations observed in alpha-galactosidase activity in P. pubescens seeds during osmoconditioning and its likely involvement in the germination process, this work was developed to characterize the enzyme in the embryo and in the cotyledons of seeds of this species. The seeds were placed to imbibe in water and samples withdrawn for biochemical and kinetic characterization in the embryonic axis and cotyledons. While the specific activity in the axis increased during 96 h, cotyledon activity showed a small increase. Alpha-galactosidase activity in the axis was maximal during the pH interval from 4.5 to 6.0 and cotyledon activity at 6.0. The 55 oC temperature stimulated enzyme activity the most in both compartments. The thermo-stabilities of the axis and cotyledon enzymes were maintained for 1,500 h at 40 oC. The Alpha-galactosidase activity in the embryonic axis was inhibited by melibiosis, CuSO4 and SDS whereas that of the cotyledons was inhibited by all the effectors. KM values for the embryo and cotyledons were 3.37 and 0.26 mM, respectively, showing that the alphagalactosidases are different and have activities at different times during imbibition. Similarly, the alpha-galactosidase of the embryo and cotyledons of Caesalpinia peltophoroides seeds was characterized, aiming to establish the relationship between its activity and the alterations in the cellular wall of the micropyle in the seeds. During the 114 h imbibition, samples were withdrawn for quantification of alpha-galactosidase activity, protein and sugars. Germination took place after 96 h imbibition, without any changes occurring in the cellular wall of the micropyle, where a greater proportion of arabinose, with a tendency to increase during imbibition, was observed. Enzyme activity was detected in dry seeds, in the embryonic axis and in the cotyledons, increasing in the first after 24 h imbibition. Protein content decreased continuously in the embryonic axis, after 24 h imbibition, while maintaining itself stable in the cotyledons. Alpha- galactosidase activity was maximal at temperatures of 55 oC for the embryonic axis and 50 oC for the cotyledons. The pH that stimulated enzyme activity the most was in the range of 5.5 - 6.0 for the embryonic axis and 4.5 - 5.0 for the cotyledons. Melibiosis, CuSO4, SDS and galactose inhibited the alphagalactosidases of the embryonic axis and cotyledons. On the other hand, mercaptoethanol stimulated the activity of the cotyledons. Thermo stability was also shown to be high at the temperature of 50 oC. The KM for the substrate r - NPGal for the alpha-galactosidase of the embryo and cotyledons was 1.74 and 2.64, respectively. The alpha-galactosidases of the two species were also found to be different from each other, with specificities and distinct behaviors characteristic of the ecotype of each species. Aiming to study the effect of the pre-germinating treatments on the activities of the enzymes alpha-galactosidase and beta-mannanase, in the imbibition percentage, germination percentage and velocity, protein synthesis and alteration of the membrane surrounding the embryo in seeds of Tachigalia multijuga, seeds of three selected trees were collected and sulphuric acid, snipped of seeds testa at micropyle end or at the other end and boiling water treatments were applied. No seed germination occurred in the boiling water treatment. Except for the sulphuric acid for 10 min, all the other treatments resulted in germination percentage greater than the control. On the other hand, germination velocity in the various treatments was different from that of the control only in one of the trees. Seeds water percentage of the ones treated in acid for 20 min. and boiling water for 60 sec differed statistically from the control. The enzyme activities and protein contents during imbibition were statistically different between the water and acid treatments. While the alpha-galactosidase remained constant in the boiling water treatment, during imbibition, those in the sulphuric acid increased during the 96 h period, followed by a decrease. In contrast, beta-mannanase activity was not detected after 96 h. in the hot water treatment, increasing significantly in the sulphuric acid treatment. It was verified that, overall, the contents of all the sugar components of the seed teguments in the control, were significantly lower than those in the two pre-germinating treatments, especially during 144 h imbibition. It was concluded that there is no relation between the activity of either enzyme and the alterations in the seed teguments, with the likelihood of both enzymes acting on mobilization of reserves rather than on the weakening of the tegument in the pre-germinating phase.
Diversidade de avifauna aquática nas represas do médio e baixo Rio Tietê (SP) e nos sistema de lagos do médio Rio Doce (MG) e sua relação com o estado trófico e a morfometria dos ecossistemas aquáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-16)
Branco, Magno Botelho Castelo
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
Relationships between aquatic birds and the trophic state of freshwaters are not well known in tropical systems. In the present work the influence of some limnological variables on the structure of the aquatic bird comunnity was investigated for two distinct freshwater systems: The cascade of reservoirs in the middle and low portions of Tietê River (SP) and in the lakes belonging to the Rio Doce Valley( MG). In the Tietê River 37 different species were recorded. In the Rio Doce Valley 39 species were recorded. Together they totalize 52 species belonging to 10 Orders and 21 Families. In the Rio Doce system species of the Order Anseriformes were the most abundant, regarding both, numerical abundance and biomass. The highest density of birds in the Rio Doce lakes was 2,676 ind.km−2, recorded in Lagoa Amarela, and the lowest of 5.23 ind.km−2, in Lake Dom Helvécio. In this system community variables were significantly influenced only by the area and the perimeter of lakes. There were no significant relationships with the trophic state index or with the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus, isolately. In the reservoirs of the Tietê River, the highest abundances were observed for the orders Ciconiiformes and Pelecaniformes. The highest densities occurred in Nova Avanhandava reservoir (64 ind.km−1) and the lowest in Ibitinga (6.0 ind.km−1). In this system the higher abundance of piscivorous birds, when compared to those of Rio Doce lakes, is probably related to the higher fish productivity of Tietê River. Although the influence of the trophic state upon the structure of the aquatic bird communities has not been verified for each system alone, due to the fact that the range of variation of the IET is too narrow, it is notorious the higher density of birds (ind.km−1 e kg.km−1) in the Tietê reservoir system when compared to that of the Rio Doce lakes. Differences in the trophic state among both systems are great, allowing to see a general relationship between the trophic state of these two systems and the densities of aquatic birds on them.
As concepções de "educar" das profissionais de educação infantil: um ponto de partida para a formação continuada na perspectiva histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-17)
Octaviani, Maria Inês Crnkovic
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Basso, Itacy Salgado
This Thesis is the result of our envolvement with the matters related to the initial and continuing education workers formation and the work quality offered by them. It is also the emergency to discuss the theme of Brazilian Children Education over the last decades. This discussion is linked to another project that refers to São Carlos Childcare Diagnosis, which is concerned to the research "Teachers and Other Educational Agents Continuing Formation" of UFSCar Pos-Graduation Program. The objective was to characterize the "educating" conceptions guided by the childcare professional's experiences to take them as basis for the improvement of continuing formation purposes in a historical and cultural viewpoint. For that, it was specified the historical process where it is developing the Brazilian Children Education and it was focused on the importance of those as they contribute for obtain knowledge for the human being and the need of comprehension for the human development process as a way to understand clearly how to enrich the social interaction process by its construction. So, the childcare place has been investigated, by discussing data that concerns to the physical environment, the organization and the work routine developed with the children and, from this, introduced the childcare professionals, tracing their profiles (their personal and professional history) and analyzed the conceptions that come from their reports. Those conception analyses were an important start point for the proposal of necessary actions to the continuing formation for Childcare Education Professionals, focusing on meeting the quality offered in that type of institution, because it made possible to verify the disordered space distribution and the inadequacy of the researched institution; the using of a work routine that exalt the cleanness, the good alimentation habits and the resting, making the children wait for long periods; the childcare professionals can t see themselves in the children who them works with, but they have the same origins; their beginning in the childcare profession was occasional and they are unprepared to that work; their concepts about to take care, to educate and to play with the children show an antagonism the taking care is for zero until three year old children; the educating is for four until six years old children and the playing doesn t exists in the children life. Those perceptions made possible to identify the missing of public policies that could bring qualified professionals and adequated structure, changing the works routines; make possible the improvement in the qualification of the childcare professionals, searching for satisfy their needing and interests; and attend its financial necessities face the compromises that municipal administration have with the fundamental education.
Sistemas urbanos de água e esgoto: princípios e indicadores de sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-24)
Miranda, Aline Branco de
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
An adequate management of the water supply and sewerage urban systems can reduce several negative impacts. It can also bring positive results to the environment, society and economy. The concept of sustainability tries to incorporate these concerns. In order to be effectively applied it is necessary a change in the perception of the use of water, followed by the adoption of monitoring instruments. In this work, it was attempted to establish specific principles of sustainability which can be applied to the referred systems, according to the generic principles found in the literature. It was also proposed indicators to be used as monitoring instruments. These indicators were established based on a restrict selection assisted by some researchers in this area. Later it was made an enlarged selection from a shared process in the town of Jaboticabal (SP). Finally, the use of the selected indicators made in the town of Jaboticabal, allowed the identification of the problems and then there was the orientation to public policies for this sector.
Ecologia de peixes em recifes artificiais de pneus instalados na costa do Estado do Ceará
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-24)
Conceição, Raimundo Nonato de Lima
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Pereira, José Arlindo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7067270608207536
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3053474464521082
The use of artificial reefs in the management of fishing resources is on the increase in countries whose populations rely heavily on the sea for food and employment and which display signs of overfishing of the main aquatic resources. Historical records show that artificial reefs were already in use over 300 years ago. In the United States they were introduced around 1830, and papers have been published on the subject in France and Australia since 1960. In Northeastern Brazil there is anecdotal evidence that artificial reefs have been built and employed by artisanal fishermen for generations. Some communities use timber while others use scrap materials such as old car parts and household appliances. The present study focuses on the fish populations observed at artificial reefs built with old tires off the municipalities of Itapipoca, Fortaleza and Beberibe (Ceará State) between 1995 and 2000. The sampling was performed by monitoring commercial catches from the reef location and by visual assessments performed by divers. Abundance data were obteined at two-month intervals. A total of 40 species belonging to 19 families were identified. Abundance (N), indices of diversity (H ), equitability (J ) and richness (S) were calculated. The study also proposes to classify reef-dwelling species according to behavioral pattern. There was a significant difference in H between the species found at the most recent reefs (Fortaleza) and those at the oldest (Beberibe). Equitability ranged between 85 and 92%. With regard to behavior, 16 of the 40 species observed remained in permanent contact with the structure, 9 species moved freely in and around it, while 5 were occasional free-swimming visitors.
Efeitos da temperatura nas respostas cardio-respiratórias e na respiração aérea acessória de JEJU, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Erytrinidae) aclimatados a 15, 20, 25 e 30°C e submetidos a variações de O2 ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-25)
Oliveira, Rosenil Dias de
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Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
Tropical fish generally inhabit environments with high temperatures and low dissolved oxygen. Along the evolutionary process several species developed mechanisms of air-breathing in order to compensate the oxygen demands caused by the aquatic hypoxia. These mechanisms required anatomical, physiological and biochemical adaptations. Studies on the effects of hypoxia and temperature changes on fish involve the comprehension of the cardio-respiratory mechanisms of compensation. The present study was addressed to determine the cardio-respiratory and air-breathing responses of jeju, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, which utilize the swimming bladder as an organ for accessory respiration in the air, submitted to gradual hypoxia after acclimation to 15, 20, 25 and 30oC. The oxygen uptake ( &VO2 ), gill ventilation ( G V& ) breathing frequency (fR), ventilation volume (VT) and the O2 extraction from the ventilatory current (EO2) were obtained for specimens of jeju (Wt = 209,7 ± 5 g) by flow-trough respirometry. The air-breathing frequency (fRA) and time spent in air-breathing (TRA) were determined by means of an experimental chamber specially constructed for this purpose. Independently of the acclimation temperature, jeju responded to hypoxia as an oxyregulator, i. e., the species was able to keep constant &VO2 in response to graded hypoxia until reach a critical oxygen tension (PcO2). The mean &VO2 values at each acclimation temperature, before reaching the PcO2, were: 47 ± 0,8 mlO2.kg-1h-1 (15°C), 82 ± 0,3 mlO2.kg-1h-1 (20°C), 104 ± 2,6 mlO2.kg-1h-1 (25°C) and 112 mlO2.kg-1h-1 (30°C). The PcO2 for each acclimation temperature were 28, 33, 41 e 52 mmHg, respectively. The increased reductions on PcO2 as acclimation temperatures rose from 15 to 30oC showed that this species presents partial compensation (or type 3 compensation) to temperature increases. Jeju increased the G V& to compensate the graded hypoxia due to higher increments on VT than in fR. This kind of compensation, however, was not enough to keep a constant EO2, which decreased gradually in response to graded hypoxia in all acclimation temperature. At 25 and 30°C the fH were significantly higher than at 15 and 20oC. Hypoxic bradicardia was not recorded at 15 and 20oC and at 25 and 30°C it only occurred below the PcO2. The different PcO2 were also the threshold for the development of accessory air-breathing in all acclimation temperatures. Increases in both fRA and TRA were inversely proportional to the water PO2 reductions and directly proportional to the acclimation temperature.
Recursos hídricos superficiais da área urbana e de expansão da cidade de São Carlos, SP - estudo multitemporal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-25)
Molina Junior, Vitor Eduardo
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Röhm, Sergio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
The purpose of achieving a multitemporal study of evolution of impacts in the hydric resources for São Carlos city, SP, it was elaborated an analysis of interaction among the superficial hydric resources and fountainhead of the studied area with the urban evolution from 1962 to 2002. Besides, it was observed how the execution of forestal code was given in the studied periods . To reach the research´s purposes, the sceneries were obtained from 1962, 1972, 1998 and 2002 using the techniques of remote sensoring and GIS. For the sceneries of 1962 and 1972, aerial photos were used in the approximate scale of 1:25000. For the scenery of 1998, aerial photos were used in the scale of 1:8000, and for the scenery of 2002, orbital image Landsat 7 Etm+ was used. From the obtained results, it was possible to detect that the hydric resources suffered interference of urban evolution, like bury of fountainhead and impermeabilization of the canal of streams and areas around these ones. At last, the work showed a description of impacts of superficials hydrics resources and some areas were emphasized that must be protected to guarantee the sustainable of hydrics resources that weren´t affected by antrophic action, yet.