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Mineralização e formação de gases da degradação de Eichhornia azurea Kunth e Egeria najas Planch
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-11)
Bitar, Alexandre Luccas
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2010214424788418
The decomposition of macrophytes may constitute in an important source of carbon for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The experiments developed in this study aimed to describe mineralization aspects such as kinetics and formation of CO2 and CH4 from the anaerobic decomposition of the aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia azurea Kunth and Egeria najas Planch. Samples of these plants and of water were collected in the Óleo lagoon (Ecological Station of Jataí, Luiz Antônio district SP; 21o33 - 21o37 S, 47o45 - 47o52 W). In the laboratory two experiments were conducted: the first aimed to describe the kinetics of carbon transformation through the quantification of the reminiscent fractions; the second aimed to describe the variations of the gas products (CO2 and CH4). Fragments of E. azurea and E. najas, along with water samples from the lagoon, were added to decomposition chambers in the proportion of 8 g L-1 (PS). The CO2 and CH4 emissions were determined through chromatography. The results of E. azurea showed that, on the first phase of mineralization, the mass losses varied between 24,91 and 23,93%, with decay coefficients of 0,55 and 1,5 day-1. For E. najas the mass losses varied between 25 and 67%, depending on temperature. The decay coefficients were of 0,14 and 0,17 day-1 (E. najas). The production of CO2 for both species was, overall, higher when temperatures were 17,7 and 20,3 oC. The production of methane was favored at 22,4 and 27,0 oC. The results allowed to infer that, at the Óleo lagoon, the conversion of the label debris fraction of Egeria najas is favored at higher temperatures and its mineralization coefficient are relatively low. The rate of mineralization of refractory carbon of Egeria najas, in this lagoon, is probably increased with temperature elevation.
Ampliação do repertório funcional de portadores de deficiência física.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-11)
Souza, Daniela Maria Xavier de
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4142936012258050
Several studies have shown that disabled people attending is done in a insufficient way in our country, being it an important social problem. Besides that, disabled ones also run into difficulties because of prejudice and lack of social support, what limits their roles as productive beings in the society. Besides some important achievements have been made in these days, as a better conscious of the need of participation of the disabled people in society, and some changes in the laws, still concrete changes are not enough to reach the needs of the disabled, showing that the law changes are also not enough to change reality. In this way, efforts are needed in order to guarantee that the disabled one has conditions to exert his/her citizenship, having access to the resources available. This work focus on delineating and evaluating effectiveness of a program to increase functional repertoire of disabled people, by means of the amplification or redirection of his/her participation on daily life activities. Six persons with disabilities acquired during their lives were selected to take part in the research, being between 24 and 31 years-old, users of a physiotherapy clinic, entailed to a public university. A one being its own control delineation was used to evaluate the effects of the program. The proceedings of the base line were done with every participant for at least three weeks, to evaluate the activities made by them routinely, and to make a characterization of their psychological well being; the evaluations of the progress were done during the whole work. The intervention program consisted in working with the disabled person and his/her family in the establishment of priorities in short and long terms for the involvement of the participant in relevant activities, including capacitating activities and the search of effective enrollment in such activities. The establishment of goals constituted an important product for the participants, but the results related to the amplification in participation and involvement in activities showed the need of alternatives for some participants. For those who showed themselves not very active, the program directed for extending activities and social contact sources, having this goal fully achieved in some cases, achieved for a temporary period in others, and not achieved in some cases. Normally active participants directed the establishment of goals for adjusting their daily activities to their physical condition. Results of the program showed incipient, but the research work resulted important consequences, such as raising questions targeting life quality and social insertion of disabled people.
Magnetoplasmons no sistema de elétrons superficiais sobre hélio líquido confinado em um canal parabólico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-15)
Ramos, Antonio Carlos Alonge
;
Balev, Oleg Grigorievich
;
Studart Filho, Nelson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4935414024522342
A lot of experimental and theoretical work have been performed in order to understand the collective modes of two-dimensional electron system (2DES) confined to restricted geometries. In particular, the system of surface electrons on helium has provided a very convenient tool to study edge magnetoplasmon properties at the nondegenerate regime. Recently, magnetoplasma excitations in a single wire of electrons on suspended helium films were reported. In this thesis, we study the magnetoplasma vvaves in the nondegenerate 2DES laterally confined in a narrovv channel of width W by a self-consistent potential given, in the parabolic approximation, by Vy = m0Ω2 y2 / 2 , where Ω is the confinement frequency. First, we have showed that this is a very good approximation for the experimental conditions. We have considered, for the actual situation, a metallic gate away from the 2D layer at distance d. We calculate the magnetoplasmon modes for strong magnetic fields, coc / Cl » 1 and in the ultra quantum limit when only the lowest (spin-split) Landau levei is occupied, in particular, hcoc »kBT. For evaluation of the spectra and the spatial structure of the magnetoplasmons, we employ an approach, based on the random-phase approximation. The extension for this problem is not trivial because a new length scale (T = ^2kBT/ m0Q2 » t0 is introduced, where (0 is the magnetic length. We also include the effect of dissipation on the magnetoplasmon spectra using the integral equation for the charge density obtained in a Drude-like approach. We provide a detailed discussion of our theoretical findings with the experimental observations of the conductance peaks as a function of the magnetic fields for various values of the holding field and we relate the peaks to the magnetoplasmon modes. From a comparison between of our numerical calculations and the experimental results from Valkering and Heijden, we conclude that: i) for the fixed qx - (2tt/ P)n> where P is the channel perimeter, the frequency of any magnetoplasmon is 1/5 in agreement with experiment and theoretical calculation done by Sokolov and Studart; ii) the fundamental mode was not observed in the experiment, but the upper order modes; iii) despite the self-consistent calculation of the charge profile, our model is unable to explain the dependence of the mode spectra on the holding potential as found by Valkering and Heijden
Comportamento bioquímico e fisiológico de sementes florestais nativas durante a embebição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-16)
Borges, Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
This work aimed to study the biochemical and physiological changes, with emphasis on alpha-galactosidase enzyme, which occur during the germination of Platymiscium pubescens, Tachigalia multijuga and Caesalpinia peltophoroides seeds submitted to different treatments. Platymiscium pubescens seeds were osmoconditioned in polyethilenoglycol (PEG, m.w. 6,000) and the alterations in water content, embryonic axis growth, germination, cellular wall, protein carbohydrate mobilization and alpha-galactosidase were analyzed. Moisture of seeds maintained in water stabilized after the moisture of those maintained in PEG. The germination of water-maintained seeds, which were regarded as control, reached 30% in 120 h. While the fresh mass and embryonic axis length increased significantly during permanence in the PEG solution, fresh mass did not alter significantly. Arabinose was found to be the main constituent of the membrane surrounding the embryo and, together with xylose, showed significant decreases during permanence in the PEG solution. Alpha-galactosidase activity underwent significant changes during the 120 h period in the PEG solution. Rhamnose, arabinose and xylose contents altered significantly in the pectic fraction, while rhamnose was the only one found in the hemicellulosic fraction of the embryonic axis wall. Glucose contents reduced significantly both in the embryonic axis and in the cotyledons during osmocondioning. Stachyose and raffinose contents had no significant alterations in the cotyledons while sucrose content reduced significantly. Protein contents decreased significantly during the 120h osmoconditioning. It was concluded that osmoconditioning potentialized seed germination during the imbibing process, resulting in cellular wall changes due to the deposition of reducing sugars. In view of the significant alterations observed in alpha-galactosidase activity in P. pubescens seeds during osmoconditioning and its likely involvement in the germination process, this work was developed to characterize the enzyme in the embryo and in the cotyledons of seeds of this species. The seeds were placed to imbibe in water and samples withdrawn for biochemical and kinetic characterization in the embryonic axis and cotyledons. While the specific activity in the axis increased during 96 h, cotyledon activity showed a small increase. Alpha-galactosidase activity in the axis was maximal during the pH interval from 4.5 to 6.0 and cotyledon activity at 6.0. The 55 oC temperature stimulated enzyme activity the most in both compartments. The thermo-stabilities of the axis and cotyledon enzymes were maintained for 1,500 h at 40 oC. The Alpha-galactosidase activity in the embryonic axis was inhibited by melibiosis, CuSO4 and SDS whereas that of the cotyledons was inhibited by all the effectors. KM values for the embryo and cotyledons were 3.37 and 0.26 mM, respectively, showing that the alphagalactosidases are different and have activities at different times during imbibition. Similarly, the alpha-galactosidase of the embryo and cotyledons of Caesalpinia peltophoroides seeds was characterized, aiming to establish the relationship between its activity and the alterations in the cellular wall of the micropyle in the seeds. During the 114 h imbibition, samples were withdrawn for quantification of alpha-galactosidase activity, protein and sugars. Germination took place after 96 h imbibition, without any changes occurring in the cellular wall of the micropyle, where a greater proportion of arabinose, with a tendency to increase during imbibition, was observed. Enzyme activity was detected in dry seeds, in the embryonic axis and in the cotyledons, increasing in the first after 24 h imbibition. Protein content decreased continuously in the embryonic axis, after 24 h imbibition, while maintaining itself stable in the cotyledons. Alpha- galactosidase activity was maximal at temperatures of 55 oC for the embryonic axis and 50 oC for the cotyledons. The pH that stimulated enzyme activity the most was in the range of 5.5 - 6.0 for the embryonic axis and 4.5 - 5.0 for the cotyledons. Melibiosis, CuSO4, SDS and galactose inhibited the alphagalactosidases of the embryonic axis and cotyledons. On the other hand, mercaptoethanol stimulated the activity of the cotyledons. Thermo stability was also shown to be high at the temperature of 50 oC. The KM for the substrate r - NPGal for the alpha-galactosidase of the embryo and cotyledons was 1.74 and 2.64, respectively. The alpha-galactosidases of the two species were also found to be different from each other, with specificities and distinct behaviors characteristic of the ecotype of each species. Aiming to study the effect of the pre-germinating treatments on the activities of the enzymes alpha-galactosidase and beta-mannanase, in the imbibition percentage, germination percentage and velocity, protein synthesis and alteration of the membrane surrounding the embryo in seeds of Tachigalia multijuga, seeds of three selected trees were collected and sulphuric acid, snipped of seeds testa at micropyle end or at the other end and boiling water treatments were applied. No seed germination occurred in the boiling water treatment. Except for the sulphuric acid for 10 min, all the other treatments resulted in germination percentage greater than the control. On the other hand, germination velocity in the various treatments was different from that of the control only in one of the trees. Seeds water percentage of the ones treated in acid for 20 min. and boiling water for 60 sec differed statistically from the control. The enzyme activities and protein contents during imbibition were statistically different between the water and acid treatments. While the alpha-galactosidase remained constant in the boiling water treatment, during imbibition, those in the sulphuric acid increased during the 96 h period, followed by a decrease. In contrast, beta-mannanase activity was not detected after 96 h. in the hot water treatment, increasing significantly in the sulphuric acid treatment. It was verified that, overall, the contents of all the sugar components of the seed teguments in the control, were significantly lower than those in the two pre-germinating treatments, especially during 144 h imbibition. It was concluded that there is no relation between the activity of either enzyme and the alterations in the seed teguments, with the likelihood of both enzymes acting on mobilization of reserves rather than on the weakening of the tegument in the pre-germinating phase.
Diversidade de avifauna aquática nas represas do médio e baixo Rio Tietê (SP) e nos sistema de lagos do médio Rio Doce (MG) e sua relação com o estado trófico e a morfometria dos ecossistemas aquáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-16)
Branco, Magno Botelho Castelo
;
Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
Relationships between aquatic birds and the trophic state of freshwaters are not well known in tropical systems. In the present work the influence of some limnological variables on the structure of the aquatic bird comunnity was investigated for two distinct freshwater systems: The cascade of reservoirs in the middle and low portions of Tietê River (SP) and in the lakes belonging to the Rio Doce Valley( MG). In the Tietê River 37 different species were recorded. In the Rio Doce Valley 39 species were recorded. Together they totalize 52 species belonging to 10 Orders and 21 Families. In the Rio Doce system species of the Order Anseriformes were the most abundant, regarding both, numerical abundance and biomass. The highest density of birds in the Rio Doce lakes was 2,676 ind.km−2, recorded in Lagoa Amarela, and the lowest of 5.23 ind.km−2, in Lake Dom Helvécio. In this system community variables were significantly influenced only by the area and the perimeter of lakes. There were no significant relationships with the trophic state index or with the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus, isolately. In the reservoirs of the Tietê River, the highest abundances were observed for the orders Ciconiiformes and Pelecaniformes. The highest densities occurred in Nova Avanhandava reservoir (64 ind.km−1) and the lowest in Ibitinga (6.0 ind.km−1). In this system the higher abundance of piscivorous birds, when compared to those of Rio Doce lakes, is probably related to the higher fish productivity of Tietê River. Although the influence of the trophic state upon the structure of the aquatic bird communities has not been verified for each system alone, due to the fact that the range of variation of the IET is too narrow, it is notorious the higher density of birds (ind.km−1 e kg.km−1) in the Tietê reservoir system when compared to that of the Rio Doce lakes. Differences in the trophic state among both systems are great, allowing to see a general relationship between the trophic state of these two systems and the densities of aquatic birds on them.
As concepções de "educar" das profissionais de educação infantil: um ponto de partida para a formação continuada na perspectiva histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-17)
Octaviani, Maria Inês Crnkovic
;
Basso, Itacy Salgado
This Thesis is the result of our envolvement with the matters related to the initial and continuing education workers formation and the work quality offered by them. It is also the emergency to discuss the theme of Brazilian Children Education over the last decades. This discussion is linked to another project that refers to São Carlos Childcare Diagnosis, which is concerned to the research "Teachers and Other Educational Agents Continuing Formation" of UFSCar Pos-Graduation Program. The objective was to characterize the "educating" conceptions guided by the childcare professional's experiences to take them as basis for the improvement of continuing formation purposes in a historical and cultural viewpoint. For that, it was specified the historical process where it is developing the Brazilian Children Education and it was focused on the importance of those as they contribute for obtain knowledge for the human being and the need of comprehension for the human development process as a way to understand clearly how to enrich the social interaction process by its construction. So, the childcare place has been investigated, by discussing data that concerns to the physical environment, the organization and the work routine developed with the children and, from this, introduced the childcare professionals, tracing their profiles (their personal and professional history) and analyzed the conceptions that come from their reports. Those conception analyses were an important start point for the proposal of necessary actions to the continuing formation for Childcare Education Professionals, focusing on meeting the quality offered in that type of institution, because it made possible to verify the disordered space distribution and the inadequacy of the researched institution; the using of a work routine that exalt the cleanness, the good alimentation habits and the resting, making the children wait for long periods; the childcare professionals can t see themselves in the children who them works with, but they have the same origins; their beginning in the childcare profession was occasional and they are unprepared to that work; their concepts about to take care, to educate and to play with the children show an antagonism the taking care is for zero until three year old children; the educating is for four until six years old children and the playing doesn t exists in the children life. Those perceptions made possible to identify the missing of public policies that could bring qualified professionals and adequated structure, changing the works routines; make possible the improvement in the qualification of the childcare professionals, searching for satisfy their needing and interests; and attend its financial necessities face the compromises that municipal administration have with the fundamental education.
Sistemas urbanos de água e esgoto: princípios e indicadores de sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-24)
Miranda, Aline Branco de
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
An adequate management of the water supply and sewerage urban systems can reduce several negative impacts. It can also bring positive results to the environment, society and economy. The concept of sustainability tries to incorporate these concerns. In order to be effectively applied it is necessary a change in the perception of the use of water, followed by the adoption of monitoring instruments. In this work, it was attempted to establish specific principles of sustainability which can be applied to the referred systems, according to the generic principles found in the literature. It was also proposed indicators to be used as monitoring instruments. These indicators were established based on a restrict selection assisted by some researchers in this area. Later it was made an enlarged selection from a shared process in the town of Jaboticabal (SP). Finally, the use of the selected indicators made in the town of Jaboticabal, allowed the identification of the problems and then there was the orientation to public policies for this sector.
Ecologia de peixes em recifes artificiais de pneus instalados na costa do Estado do Ceará
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-24)
Conceição, Raimundo Nonato de Lima
;
Pereira, José Arlindo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7067270608207536
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3053474464521082
The use of artificial reefs in the management of fishing resources is on the increase in countries whose populations rely heavily on the sea for food and employment and which display signs of overfishing of the main aquatic resources. Historical records show that artificial reefs were already in use over 300 years ago. In the United States they were introduced around 1830, and papers have been published on the subject in France and Australia since 1960. In Northeastern Brazil there is anecdotal evidence that artificial reefs have been built and employed by artisanal fishermen for generations. Some communities use timber while others use scrap materials such as old car parts and household appliances. The present study focuses on the fish populations observed at artificial reefs built with old tires off the municipalities of Itapipoca, Fortaleza and Beberibe (Ceará State) between 1995 and 2000. The sampling was performed by monitoring commercial catches from the reef location and by visual assessments performed by divers. Abundance data were obteined at two-month intervals. A total of 40 species belonging to 19 families were identified. Abundance (N), indices of diversity (H ), equitability (J ) and richness (S) were calculated. The study also proposes to classify reef-dwelling species according to behavioral pattern. There was a significant difference in H between the species found at the most recent reefs (Fortaleza) and those at the oldest (Beberibe). Equitability ranged between 85 and 92%. With regard to behavior, 16 of the 40 species observed remained in permanent contact with the structure, 9 species moved freely in and around it, while 5 were occasional free-swimming visitors.
Efeitos da temperatura nas respostas cardio-respiratórias e na respiração aérea acessória de JEJU, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Erytrinidae) aclimatados a 15, 20, 25 e 30°C e submetidos a variações de O2 ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-25)
Oliveira, Rosenil Dias de
;
Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
Tropical fish generally inhabit environments with high temperatures and low dissolved oxygen. Along the evolutionary process several species developed mechanisms of air-breathing in order to compensate the oxygen demands caused by the aquatic hypoxia. These mechanisms required anatomical, physiological and biochemical adaptations. Studies on the effects of hypoxia and temperature changes on fish involve the comprehension of the cardio-respiratory mechanisms of compensation. The present study was addressed to determine the cardio-respiratory and air-breathing responses of jeju, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, which utilize the swimming bladder as an organ for accessory respiration in the air, submitted to gradual hypoxia after acclimation to 15, 20, 25 and 30oC. The oxygen uptake ( &VO2 ), gill ventilation ( G V& ) breathing frequency (fR), ventilation volume (VT) and the O2 extraction from the ventilatory current (EO2) were obtained for specimens of jeju (Wt = 209,7 ± 5 g) by flow-trough respirometry. The air-breathing frequency (fRA) and time spent in air-breathing (TRA) were determined by means of an experimental chamber specially constructed for this purpose. Independently of the acclimation temperature, jeju responded to hypoxia as an oxyregulator, i. e., the species was able to keep constant &VO2 in response to graded hypoxia until reach a critical oxygen tension (PcO2). The mean &VO2 values at each acclimation temperature, before reaching the PcO2, were: 47 ± 0,8 mlO2.kg-1h-1 (15°C), 82 ± 0,3 mlO2.kg-1h-1 (20°C), 104 ± 2,6 mlO2.kg-1h-1 (25°C) and 112 mlO2.kg-1h-1 (30°C). The PcO2 for each acclimation temperature were 28, 33, 41 e 52 mmHg, respectively. The increased reductions on PcO2 as acclimation temperatures rose from 15 to 30oC showed that this species presents partial compensation (or type 3 compensation) to temperature increases. Jeju increased the G V& to compensate the graded hypoxia due to higher increments on VT than in fR. This kind of compensation, however, was not enough to keep a constant EO2, which decreased gradually in response to graded hypoxia in all acclimation temperature. At 25 and 30°C the fH were significantly higher than at 15 and 20oC. Hypoxic bradicardia was not recorded at 15 and 20oC and at 25 and 30°C it only occurred below the PcO2. The different PcO2 were also the threshold for the development of accessory air-breathing in all acclimation temperatures. Increases in both fRA and TRA were inversely proportional to the water PO2 reductions and directly proportional to the acclimation temperature.
Recursos hídricos superficiais da área urbana e de expansão da cidade de São Carlos, SP - estudo multitemporal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-25)
Molina Junior, Vitor Eduardo
;
Röhm, Sergio Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
The purpose of achieving a multitemporal study of evolution of impacts in the hydric resources for São Carlos city, SP, it was elaborated an analysis of interaction among the superficial hydric resources and fountainhead of the studied area with the urban evolution from 1962 to 2002. Besides, it was observed how the execution of forestal code was given in the studied periods . To reach the research´s purposes, the sceneries were obtained from 1962, 1972, 1998 and 2002 using the techniques of remote sensoring and GIS. For the sceneries of 1962 and 1972, aerial photos were used in the approximate scale of 1:25000. For the scenery of 1998, aerial photos were used in the scale of 1:8000, and for the scenery of 2002, orbital image Landsat 7 Etm+ was used. From the obtained results, it was possible to detect that the hydric resources suffered interference of urban evolution, like bury of fountainhead and impermeabilization of the canal of streams and areas around these ones. At last, the work showed a description of impacts of superficials hydrics resources and some areas were emphasized that must be protected to guarantee the sustainable of hydrics resources that weren´t affected by antrophic action, yet.
Aprendizagem organizacional no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos: investigação do conhecimento declarativo no contexto da sistemática de satage-gates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-25)
Silva, Mariana Maciel da
;
Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
The companies inserted in the current dynamic context have discovered different ways to accomplish their activities and manage their processes. Regarding to NPD (New Product Development) process, it is possible to observe the adoption by companies of practices that enable better performance, efficient results and the continuous improvement of the process. The Stage-gates systematic can be considered as an example of these practices. This systematic divides the NPD in Stages interchanged by review and decision points, named gates. The gates goals are to evaluate accomplished activities, of which scope must be aligned to business strategy, and to decide if the condition of the process is to continue, to be postponed, to be recycled or even to be cancelled. Moreover, this systematic allows to structure moments to analyze the NPD process performance and manage continuous improvement, factors linked to creation and improvement of NPD process competences, that is, to learning organizational competences. The purpose of this work is to list the existing and explicit activities in the context of product development projects, and to discuss their association to the elements of the Declarative Knowledge of Organizational Learning. The research method was the case study, with characteristics of qualitative and descriptive analysis. The case was conducted in a Brazilian business unit of a multinational automotive company, through visits in order to follow some meetings and to interview people involved in the studied projects. The results of this work are the description and analysis of existing activities in NDP process that can be associated to the elements of Declarative Knowledge of Organizational Learning in the cross-team and within-team learning environment. Many practices, in the studied company, are almost ready to be used as learning activities addressed by Declarative Knowledge elements such as registering, reviewing, relating, keeping and sharing. These elements are presented in the company, especially in technical activities, but it is a matter of conscience to use them as improvement opportunities during the development process management.
Percepção do portador de deficiência física com relação à qualidade dos espaços de circulação urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-25)
Orlandi, Silvia Cristina
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Ferreira, Marcos Antonio Garcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643134259454260
This research presents the results of a survey that was carried out with wheelchair users and mobility-impaired people. The focus of the survey was in identifying the importance of the physical and environmental variables that characterize the sidewalks according to the aspects of comfort, safety and environmental quality. Initially, the identification and organization of the variables were obtained by an iterative survey method with specialists in the areas of engineering, architecture, urban planning, physical therapy, occupational therapy and human mobility. This process resulted in a consensus regarding the variables that can be related to the aspects of comfort, safety and environmental quality. The characteristics selected by the specialists, as measures of the quality of the sidewalks were included in a survey with wheelchair users and mobility-impaired people in order to evaluate the importance attributed by them to each of the characteristics. It was found that their perception not always matches the hierarchy of importance of the variable as evaluated by the specialists. The objective population priorizes the physical characteristics of the sidewalks that offer a minimum of movement condition, rather then those that offer additional quality conditions in the aspects of comfort, safety and environmental quality.
Variabilidade genética e de compostos voláteis e semi-voláteis em populações nativas de llex paraguariensis (St. Hil.) do Brasil, visando a conservação da espécie
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-29)
Cansian, Rogério Luis
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Echeverrigaray, Sergio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5630031784004533
Ilex paraguariensis, known as mate tea, is processed in many ways and commercialized as tea, soluble powder, essences, and processed leaves for preparation of mate tea without sugar ( chimarrão and tererê ). Aiming the conservation of this species, this work studied the intra- and interpopulational genetic variabilities of I. paraguariensis and its volatiles and semi-volatiles composition in 20 populations inside the area of incidence of this species in Brazil. Paternity tests were also performed to identify a favorable crossing for obtaining lineages with the characteristics of interest, reducing then the impact of extractive harvest on the native plants. Genetic variability of I. paraguariensis analyzed by RAPD markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) is lower to the reported variability in other dioic arboreal species. Intrapopulational variability is higher than interpopulational in this species. In intra and interpopulational studies alleles with the same allele sequence were identified, as well as alleles with very different sequences, what evidences the incidence of genetic flux among populations that are close geographically, but with alleles specific of each population. The environmental differences taken into account were not enough to explain genetic and chemical differences found among the populations. These results show the possibility of influences of microenvironmental factors and non-analyzed genes in the analyzed chemical composition of mate tea leaves. The population of Ponta Porã, geographically separated from the others, proved to be genetically distinct. Species-specific fragments were obtained for I. paraguariensis, I. dumosa and I. theezans. However, more studies for confirmation and utilization of such fragments must be carried out. The differences in the volatiles and semivolatiles composition among the populations turned their separation possible, and may be useful for identification and inclusion of genotypes, superior in specific compounds, in germoplasm collections. For conservation of this species in germoplasm collections ex situ, material collecting must be based on genetic analysis, as well as on geographical distribution, due to the higher intrapopulational variability and occurrence of rare alleles in the species. The RAPD technique may be used for paternity identification, mainly in arboreal species, making possible to obtain genetic improvement by performing controlled crossings. Based on these results, it was possible the discussion concerning the conservation aspects of this species.
Variabilidade genética e de compostos voláteis e semi-voláteis em Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-29)
Mossi, Altemir José
;
Echeverrigaray, Sergio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5630031784004533
Genetic and chemical variability of Maytenus ilicifolia Maytenus ilicifolia is a native plant of Southern Brazil commonly used as a popular medicine for indigestion, gastritis and ulcers. The large use of this plant has increased the degradation of the species, and thus it is presently included in FAO´s list for priority species for studying and conservation in South America. In this context, this work aimed to contribute with studies that help the conservation of this species. Initially, a survey in herbaria and in the field was performed to identify the incidence and distribution of the genus Maytenus in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Three new species (M. glaucenscens Reiss, M. gonoclada Mart. and M. robusta Reiss) were found in this State. The genetic variability study of three populations showed that the intrapopulational variation (variance from 0.102 to 0.140) is higher than the interpopulational (variance between 0.076 and 0.099%). The three populations analyzed grouped themselves with low significance level and 7.6% of the present alleles are rare. The genetic variability study involving 18 native populations of Maytenus ilicifolia, Maytenus aquifolia and Maytenus evonymoidis demonstrated that the species may be separated with 100% of confidence, and that M. ilicifolia and M. aquifolia are genetically more similar. The populations of Maytenus ilicifolia analyzed formed three groups with low confidence levels. Group I included the populations of Ponta Porã, group II the populations of Santana do Livramento, Vale Verde, Canguçu and Unistalda, and group III was formed by the other 13 populations. A similarity in the genetic and environmental grouping of such species was observed. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography of the extracts obtained with high pressure CO2. An increase in the yield of extract was obtained when the temperature of extraction as well as the solvent density were increased. The compounds that presented higher yield in the first fractions were dodecanoic acid, geranyl acetone, phytol, squalene, vitamin E and stigmast-5-enol. The compounds friedelan-3-ol and friedelin were extracted in higher yields in the following fractions. The chemical variability study of the volatile and semi-volatile compounds of populations of M. ilicifolia showed a yield of extract (0,488 a 0,976 %) significantly different between the populations. In addition no relation between the chemical and environmental or between the chemical and genetic grouping could be established.
Educação de mestiços em famílias inter-raciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-30)
Brito, Angela Ernestina Cardoso de
;
Silva, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e
This study aims at aprehending how and in what circumstances families formed by couples of different ethnic-racial origins, being one black and one white, prepare and/or assist their children to face the discrimination the might undergo in consequence of racism againt afro-americans. In oerder to achieve the goal, parents and children of two interracial families were interviewed, in a total of seven interviews. We tried to deepen the knowledge on socilization of mixed offsprings within interracial families, from the statements of the parents and the child. The data obtained and analyzed allow us to conclude that the families use up some strategies to assist hteir children in facing the problem of racism and racial discrimination, even though there are difficulties in elaborating them, and they do not constitute, at least apparently, a priority in children education. However, it was possible to observe that there is a construction of racial belonging, and orientation on possible discriminatory acts kids may undergo. Thus, the orientation is associated to discriminatory experiences lived by the children within the expanded family, at school, on the street, in clubs, being attached to strong affective bonds.
Preconceitos e discriminações raciais: um olhar de professoras sobre seus(suas) alunos(as) negros(as).
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-30)
Chiarello, Rosana Aparecida Peronti
;
Silva, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e
Qualidade da água e fluxos de nutrientes na interface sedimento-água nas represas do Rio Tietê
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-04-30)
Soares, Aluisio
;
Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6594211224864538
The first Law of Fick in one dimension was utilized for the calculation of those fluxes. In this work was calculated the concentrations of the following chemical species: nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), cloride, fluoride, sulfate and silica reactive, as well as the biogeochemicals variables in situ: pH, redox potential , electric conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxigen. The Billings reservoir presented the highest fluxes from the sediment to the water column for nitrate, ammonium, chloride and sulfate: 178, 2181, 2945 and 5821 mg cm-2 year-1, respectively, denoting that this environment is suffering great contribution of these nutrients and consequently presents a larger fluxes for the water column. A study of seasonal variation in the water columm of Barra Bonita reservoir was also done for evaluate in the water column in the Barra Bonita reservoir for evaluate the behavior distribution of the chemical species during a complete hidrologic year. The data, for most of the studied variables indicated that during the drought period occurs a decreasing in concentrations, which can infer that those elements should have anthropogenic origin. The nitrate concentration, reaches a pick of 1,9 mg L-1 for the water column in the period of smaller pluviometer index, is one of the indicators of this tendency. Another data group was sampled for the same parameters and refer to the verification of the bedding stratification occurrence in the water column of Barra Bonita reservoir. The result demonstrated that these phenomenon does not happen for this reservoir because the variation in the concentration of the studied variables reflect only the dynamics of the reservoir for your handling, in addiction, there is not separation of masses of water in different horizontal layers caused by differences of temperatures and chemical water composition.
Composição de rotífera em corpos d'água da bacia do rio Tietê São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-09)
Lucinda, Irene
;
Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0406853529281876
Rotifera composition in four Units of Management of Water Resources of Tietê River, in São Paulo State, was studied. Samples were obtained using a 35µm plankton net pulled, horizontally and vertically, through limnetic and littoral regions and, afterwards, fixed with 4% formalin. One hundred and ninety nine taxa were identified. These belong to 23 families of subclass Monogononta. The families Lecanidae, Brachionidae, Trichocercidae, Notommatidae, Lepadellidae and Testudinellidae, commons in tropical environments, are best represented. Keratella cochlearis, Lecane bulla, Polyarthra aff. vulgaris and bdelloids are present in almost all localities sampled. Lecane bulla, Lecane closterocerca, Colurella uncinata f. bicuspidata and genera Euchlanis occurred preferentially in littoral, among the macrophytes. There isnt relation between richness of Rotifera and limnology variables associated to trophic status of water. Others environmental components must be investigate. The occurrence and/or dominance of some species seem to be associated to high trophic status of water, per example: genera Brachionus, Pompholyx and Anuraeopsis and species Filinia opoliensis, Kellicottia bostoniensis, Keratella cochlearis var. tecta, K. tropica, K. lenzi lenzi and Trichocerca capucina multicrinis. The high dominance of Conochilus unicornis seems to be associated to waters of lawest trophic status. Almost all the reservoirs seem to have less similarity on the Rotifera fauna due to the occurrence of almost rare and/or casual species. Thirty one new occurrences for São Paulo State, including four new for Neotropical Region, are recorded.
Grandeza pelo trabalho: formação de trabalhadores e cultura do trabalho em Jaraguá do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-12)
Santos, Ademir Valdir dos
;
Buffa, Ester
Ciclo hidrológico e dinâmico de dois rios intermitentes da região semi-árida do Brasil, com ênfase em macrófitas aquáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-15)
Pedro, Fábio
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
The semi-arid region of Brazil presents rivers and intermittent streams with flood occurrence and of drought in different frequencies, intensity and duration. These events act as agents of hydrologic disturbance and they are decisive in the characteristics of the aquatic macophytes, in the concentrations of nutrients and in the fluvial geomorphology. This study was accomplished during the hydrologic cycles of 1999 and 2000 in two intermittent rivers of the semi-arid area of Brazil: a permanent pond in the stream Avelós (ephemeral) and two temporary ponds in the river Taperoá (temporary). The objectives were: (1) to determine the occurrence and the variation of the biomass of the species of aquatic macrophytes, (2) to determine the dynamics of nitrogen, ortophosphate, organic matter and particulate matter in the superficial water and hiporheic and in the fluvial sediment and parafluvial, (3) to verify the effects of the hydrologic variation in the level of the water and in the thickness of the sediment. Twenty-one visits were accomplished in the field during the weting phases, drying and dry. The sampling of the macrophytes for the study of the biomass was made in agreement with the method of the squares, the nitrate and the ortophosphate by the methodology pattern, and the variations geomorphology they were calculated through measures of the level of the water and thickness of the sediment. They happened floods in different frequency and magnitude during the study. The ephemeral stream presented phase of larger drought than the temporary river. The flood was a decisive factor in the occurrence and in the composition of the structure of aquatic macrophytes, in the concentrations of nutrients and in the geomorphology fluvial of the ponds. The macrophytes communities subject to floods they present smaller wealth when compared to those of atmospheres without the disturbance. The largest productivity values, biomass and the smallest time for the beginning of the recolonization happened in the flood of intermediate level. The concentrations of nutrients had significant increases in the flood phase, followed by falls of the values in the drying phase. The temporary ponds acted as areas of concentration of particulate matter in the drying phases and dry. The sediment was transported in the form of pulses. The largest significant variations in the depth and in the thickness of the sediment they happened in the phase drying and after events with intermediate magnitude.