Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2003-05-23"

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Intervalos de confiança para dados com presença de eventos recorrentes e censuras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-23)
Faria, Rodrigo
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
In survival analysis and reliability is common that the population units in study presents recurrence events and censoring ages, besides, is possible to exist a cost related to each event that happens. The objectives of this dissertation consists in display a methodology that makes possible the direct obtaining of confidence intervals baseds in asymptotic theory for nonparametric estimates to the mean cumulative number or cost events per unit. Some simulation studies are also showed and the objectives are check if there is some sample size's influence in the asymptotics confidence interval's precision. One of the great advantages from the methodology presented in this dissertation is the validity for it’s application in several areas of the knowledge. There's two examples considered here. One of them consists in coming data from engineering. This example contains a ‡eet of machines in analysis. The interest is to obtain punctual estimates with the respective confidence intervals for the mean cumulative number and cost repairs per machine. The other example comes from the medical area and it treats of a study accomplished with two groups of patients with bladder can- cer, each one submitted in a di¤erent treatment type. The application of the methodology in this example seeks the obtaining of confidence intervals for the mean cumulative number of tumors per patient and gain estimates that compare these two di¤erents treatments informing, statistically, which presents better results.
ProGrid: uma infra-estrutura de suporte a programação paralela em grades computacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-26)
Costa, Paulo Vicente Capellotto
;
Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
The computational Grid concept allows resource sharing in large scale. This work introduces the ProGrid system, an architecture for computational Grids, whose communication and resource management infrastructure is used transparently by the applications. Unlike other grid approaches, this work relies on the use of proxy servers to perform additional communications and authentication procedures on behalf of client applications. The purpose of this mechanism is to enable parallel applications to be executed in geographically distributed environments interlinked by an open communication network, such as the Internet, meeting the security requisites desirable for computational grids. To reach such objectives, a generic architecture for ProGrid was developed, that is divided in a group services layers. This work was focused in the implementation of layers responsible by the secure communication and for the controlled sharing of available resources.
Desemvolvimento de um simulador de um processador digital de sinais (DSP) utlizando a arquitetura multithread simultânea (SMT)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-26)
Castanheira, Luís Gustavo
;
Saito, José Hiroki
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) are used in a variety of applications such as telecommunications, audio equalization and video processing. These applications demand a huge numerical processing capacity and low development and production costs. The simultaneous multithreading (SMT) architecture´s goal is to increase processor performance through the better utilization of the functional units. In SMT several threads are executed simultaneously in the processor. SMT can be employed in DSPs, and it increases the performance of applications that can be parallelized, such as video processing algorithms. A filtering operation on an image, for example, can be divided into filtering operations on several subimages generated from the original image. A simulator was thus proposed to evaluate the performance of such architecture. To evaluate this performance, it will be used some signal and video processing routines as the one dimension fast Fourier transform (FFT) and an image spacial filtering operation, for example.
Estudos florísticos e fitossociológicos em comunidades vegetais de restinga da Ilha do Cardoso, Cananéia, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-27)
Sugiyama, Marie
;
Soares, João Juares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
The present study evolved floristic composition, structure and regeneration dynamic aspects of a restinga forest (pluvial sand coastal plain forest), at Ilha do Cardoso, in Cananéia region, São Paulo State, Brazil. Three portions of restinga forest with same physiognomic aspects were selected: restinga of Trilha para o Morro das Almas (MA), Trilha Interpretativa (TI) and Estrada para a Captação (EC). Five strata of forest were sampled in each portion: Tree, Tree/shrub, Shrub/herbaceous, Herbaceous and Lianas. Each portion was analyzed individually and subsequently were analyzed the entirely of the three portions and compared them. At Trilha para o Morro das Almas were sampled 73 species, at Trilha Interpretativa 72, at Estrada para a Captação 56 and totally sample 112, inside them 31 species were common to three portions and 46 restrict only one of them. The three portions of a forest were floristically similar, MA and TI had the highest Sørensen similarity (70,3%), and TI and EC had the less Sørensen similarity (55,5%). When compared the strata in general Tree/shrub and Shrub/herbaceous strata had the highest value of Sørensen similarity, and the Tree and Herbaceous strata had the less similarity. The highest diversity and equability were found in herbaceous strata, and the less in tree strata. The plants of the three portions had majority of species with geographic distribution in south and southeast Brazil regions, and the majority individuals and species were secondary-climax category. The portions of studied forest were in advanced stage of regeneration, and shade-tolerant species were favored. The differences between three portions of a forest were due to natural process common in tropical forests, where the substitution of one tree produce a mosaic of distinct regenerative phases at community that differ in structure and floristic composition. Differences in environment physical conditions, especially edaphic factors, and distinct anthropic interventions are responsible too.
Formação de professores de matemática para o uso pedagógico de planilhas eletrônicas de cálculo: análise de um curso a distância via Internet.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-30)
Morgado, Maria José Lenharo
;
Tancredi, Regina Maria Simões Puccinelli
This study aimed at describing and analyzing the process of the formation of Mathematics teachers of the primary and secondary levels of education who participated of a distance learning course via Internet about the pedagogical use of calculus spreadsheets. The course was then elaborated, implemented and analyzed in its characteristics, which included the use of tools of the Web and of the calculus spreadsheet, as well as the interaction between teachers-students and the coordinator. The study also presented and analyzed the difficulties and facilities faced by participants in the development of the mathematical, pedagogical and computational contents that were part both of the activities proposed in the course modules and of the activities created by the participants themselves. Special attention was given to the evaluation of the methodological strategies employed by the coordinator so that teachers-students could acquire such types of knowledge. Questionnaires applied in the beginning and at the end of the course were used to identify categories of responses of teachers that indicated changes in their attitude related to teaching, learning and classroom practice issues. The study has a predominantly qualitative nature even though the numeric data give support to the analyses, which were based in multiple objective facts, in feelings demonstrated and reports given by the teachers. Among results, it should be highlighted the verification of a low level of communication with the coordinator. In addition, a gain of mathematical, pedagogical and computational knowledge was observed among the participants, with an emphasis on the pedagogical one, in sight that this was the most difficult and workful of all courses. According to the teachers, the interaction student-coordinator and student-materials contributed a lot to the gains just mentioned. It was observed that the active participation of the teachers in the distance course was strongly influenced by their experience with the use of computers, by the use of compatible and potent equipment both at home and at school. It was verified that the lack of time together with constant professional changes are the main factors interfering in teachers permanence and participation in distance courses. Finally, this study presents some recommendations about distance education in relation to the improvement of the Web environment as well as concerning the implementation of public policies related to the continued formation of teachers.
Reconstrução 3D de imagens tomográficas de raios-x de arcos coronais em ambiente paralelo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-30)
Faria, Lilian Nogueira de
;
Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
Space researches have been carried with the objective to forecast solar explosions, through images obtained by satellites equipped with X-ray telescopes. The highresolution solar images allow the study of the spatio-temporal dynamics of plasmamagnetic structures in arc shape, denominated coronal loops. The coronal loops can provide important information about the solar explosions dynamics that may cause serious perturbations in terrestrial communication systems. However, this information is subject to errors due to the spatial limitation imposed by bidimensional images. Motivated by the need to extract information of the tridimensional structure of the coronal loops, a method for 3D reconstruction of coronal loops from two X-ray tomographic images captured by the Japanese satellite Yohkoh was developed. This method of 3D reconstruction based on image morphing generates the intermediate images of the transversal sections of the loop using a image warping method controlled by a Bezier curve and an approach to Image 3D Interpolation using Bayesian Estimation Theory. Due to the need for the 3D reconstruction of the coronal loops in a reasonable time for study of the spatiotemporal dynamics, a parallel program was implemented to execute in a high performance parallel machine.
Projeto de um servidor de vídeo sob demanda paralelo e distribuído
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-05-30)
Lara, Carla Rodrigues Figueiredo
;
Guardia, Hélio Crestana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967
This work presents an architecture for the development of a Video on Demand (Vod) Server using a Parallel Distributed File System. In the development of this work several aspects related to the project of VoD Servers are considered, including: optimized storing and retrieval of videos using appropriate striping unit and request sizes, and the monitoring of disk and network operation for the performance evaluation of the proposed system. The characteristics of the MPEG standard used for video compression are also studied and considered in the video transfers. We also discuss aspects related to the implementation of prefetching mechanisms in the VoD Server. The concept of cluster computing is also considered for efficient data distribution aiming at appropriate response time for satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS) require by the VoD users.
Epidemiologia e genética populacional do lobo guará, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1915) (Carnívora, Canidae) no nordeste do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-02)
Mattos, Paulo Sergio Ribeiro de
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
Schwantes, Arno Rudi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515297609478949
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3588582355275066
This study was accomplished in the northeastern area of the state of São Paulo, obtaining biological material of maned wolves for the epidemiology (parasitic diseases) and populacional genetic study. The occurrences of deaths were also verified and the relationships between the farmers and wolves were appraised. In the studies of parasitic diseases, infestations by ancilostomídeos, tricurídeos, estrongilídeos, ascarídeos, Dypilidium sp., coccídeos, Dioctophyme renale, ticks and fleas were detected. The inedited parasitosis occurrences by Hymenolepis sp and Prosthenorchis sp were verified. in the parasitoses, it was possible to detect hematological alterations of animals infected by ancilostomídeos, Hymenolepis sp., coccídeos and ticks. The populational genetic studies were accomplished with proteic markers, to evaluate the heterozygosity and the existence of populational structuring in the area. The polymorphysm degree (20%) verified in this study does not differ from the values that were verified by other authors in maned wolves and others wild canids populational studies. F statistics indicated that there were not significant reduction of the heterozygosity in the sample. This test also indicated that there was not a populacional structuring in the area, indicating that the Moji Guaçu and Pardo rivers were not characterized as a gene flow block to the species. In this area, three translocations to the interior of the Ecological Station of Jataí were verified. Also verified four death by road kill accident in the highways, one death by firegun and an occurrence of an sub-adult animal with strong dehydration and caquexis. The main problems associated with the conservation of the species, identified by the inhabitants relates of the area were the domestic avian predation, the access to the garbage and supertitions. The preservative actions discussed in the present work include the establishment of the parasitic monitoring program in wolves, promotion of critic attitudes in relation to the translocations, traffic signs in highways and implementation of environmental education programs involving adults and childrens resident in the area.
O efeito de reparametrização em testes de sobrevivência acelerados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-11)
Cavali, Wagner Aparecido
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6107274757192972
Accelerated life tests are frequently used in industrial experiments to obtain measures on the reliability of products. In these tests, the units are submited at higher levels of stress than usual and the informations obtained are utilized to inference on the reliability of the product, under normal operating conditions. A practical problem, refers to the accuracy of inferences obtained by asymptotic normal approximation of the maximum likelihood estimator, when the sample size is small or moderate. In this dissertation are described the e¤ects of several reparametrizations on the accuracy of the interval estimation of the parameter of interest, here represented by the mean lifetime. The idea is to obtain a parametrization in order to have independent maximum likelihood estimates with good asymptotic normal approximation. A simulation study presents the coverage probability of the con dence intervals when only small or moderate size datasets are available. The e¤ect of the presence of censoring was also investigated in the simulation study. The methodology is illustrated on a real dataset of an accelerated life test at pressurized containers of Kevlan/Epoxy 49. Under the bayesian perspective, Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods are proposed to evaluate the reliability of products. The e¤ect of reparametrization on convergency of the chains is studied.
Redução de cromo hexavalente utilizando-se filmes de polímeros condutores como materiais eletródicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-16)
Ruotolo, Luis Augusto Martins
;
Gubulin, José Carlos
In this work we studied a three-dimensional electrode (reticulated vitreous carbon, CVR), modified with conducting polymer films, for the electrochemical reduction of Cr(VI). First of all, the conducting polymers polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPY) were tested under open circuit conditions. Both polymers showed to be unstable under this condition. Polypyrrole was partially degraded while polyaniline was totally degraded, suggesting that the process under open circuit condition is not possible . We tested a new methodology called cathodic protection of the film, which had very good results for polyaniline, increasing the reaction rate and preserving the stability of the polymer film. Nevertheless, the reaction of Cr(VI) reduction using polypyrrole under cathodic protection condition was not successful because of the degradation of the polymer. Before these results we decided to use only polyaniline in further studies. The process was evaluated in terms of its current efficiency, space-time yield and energy consumption as a function of flow velocity, electric current (or current density), Cr(VI) concentration and thickness and porosity of the CVR electrode. In order to know the electrochemical activity inside the porous electrode, overpotential profiles were also measured. The results showed that thin thickness CVR/PANI electrodes optimize the electrochemical cell. An increase in flow velocity increases the mass transfer coefficient and the reaction rate up to a point after which an increase in flow velocity become insignificant because of hydrodynamic limitations. Increasing the electric current there is an increase in the space-time yield too, but after a value of current, its increase is not advantageous because the reaction of hydrogen takes place and consequently, the current efficiency of the process decreases. The effect of the Cr(VI) depletion was evalueted in curves of normalized concentration of Cr(VI) versus time, where is possible to see three different regions controling the process. From the initial concentration up to the so called transition concentration, C*, the process is controlled by activation and in this region the reaction rate is constant and the best current efficiencies, space-time yields and energy consumptions are found. At the end of the process, when the concentration is very low, the process is mass transfer controlled. In the intermediary region, just after C*, there is a region under mixed control. Based on the values of C* as a function of the current and flow velocity, we proposed a process optimization. Controlling the applied current as a function of Cr(VI) in the electrolyte we got high values of current efficiency and spacetime yeilds and low values of energy consumption. We finish applying the optimized electrochemical process to treat an effluent containing Cr(VI) from a valve factory. The analysis of the process was done as a function of the number of electrodes employed and the operational time used to treat the waste. From the cost analysis we conclude that a reactor with few electrodes and an operational time of twenty hours is quite convenient in order to decrease the investment cost and reduce the investment return time.
O brincar da criança pré-escolar: estudo de caso em uma escola minicipal de educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-18)
Leal, Leila Leane Lopes
;
Basso, Itacy Salgado
In this new century early childhood education experiences a magnifying and expansive moment and there appear new researches on this subject which have brought a larger and more adequate comprehension of children and childhood. I emphasize the research about the child s role along history and how the feeling on the childhood has been formed. I remade the way in which the concept of childhood has been built and how this has become a social category by investigating the relationship between playing and being a child. I privileged theoreticians who adopt the historic-cultural perspective, specifically Vygotsky, Leontiev, Elkonin, Mukhina and some Brazilian authors who have promoted recent studies on the subject. Playing is a most important activity of the preschool child as this is the factor which more cooperates to the psychic development in infancy. Considering that the child younger and younger enters into the kindergarten and there remains a greater period of time each day, I analyzed how his or her activities happen in a EMEI (Brazilian City Early childhood education) in S. Carlos, S.P., Brazil. According to parents and teachers communication, I observed that they really play.Considering this, I have made interviews with parents and teachers, as well as some observation sessions in a EMEI. A diference between playing at home and playing at the school was observed to establish the relationships between them and to try recovering the importance of its happening. From these informations there came to me the hypothesis that although the kindergarten teachers know the importance of playing in the EMEI and make it happen, they don t always understand the essentiality of this playing. As they don t generally dominate a sufficient and exact theoretical foundation to allow clarifying some mistaken points towards this infantile activity, teachers don t develop it in a complety way, as a priority in this period of life. I consider that the children s necessities and development can be objects to discussion and reflection in the early childhood education so as to guide the construction of the school projects in a way that their educators (teachers, agents, parents, principals) take part in the process. It s necessary to collectively redefine the methodology to be adopted. But to this it s necessary political will and effective actions in the dimension of public politics. One of these political axes is to invest more in the continued education for the teachers in early childhood education. Another necessary action comprehends the investment on the work conditions.
Diversidade de braconidae (Hymenoptera) e o seu uso como bioindicadores na unidade de conservação Teixeira Soares, Marcelino Ramos, RS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-18)
Restello, Rozane Maria
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
This work was performed aiming to know Braconidae species from the Conservation Unity of Teixeira Soares, Marcelino Ramos/RS and to evaluate it, as a bio-indicator of environmental quality. The material was collected from November/1999 to December/2000, using three Malaise traps, with this distribution: point 1 (degrading area), point 2 (native wood area), and point 3 (gallery forest). 2442 specimens were colected, and an distributed into 23 subfamilies, which Microgastrinae and Rogadinae were the most representative ones. Glyptapanteles, Apanteles and Diolcogaster were the most abundant genera of Microgastrinae, while Aleiodes and Stiropius were the most abundant of Rogadinae. Index of diversity and equitability were used to discuss the richness of Microgastrinae and Rogadinae subfamilies and genera at the three points of collection. Point 3 (gallery forest) was the one which presented the biggest richness and the highest value regarding the level of equitability, as for the subfamilies, as for the genera of Microgastrinae, and point 2 presented the smallest value. Also for Rogadinae, point 3 showed the most abundant fauna; however, the richness was the same in the three points; the value of equitability was highest at the point 1 and slowest at the point 2. The flying activity of Braconidae belonging to the 23 subfamilies was studied at the three points. The peak to the captured coinobiontes occurrence was in December/1999 in all the three points. The peak for the idiobiontes was in April/2000 at the point 1, and in December/1999 and January/2000 at the points 2 and 3, respectively. In order to verify the similarity standard among the collection points, an analysis of grouping was performed, where it was possible to notice that points 1 and 2 presented a higher similarity. Point 3 stands out from the others, because it presents good conditions of original species recovering and it was the point with bigger abundance every month, mostly in spring and summer. Because of better regeneration conditions, this point possibly houses a richer collection of host insects. After the analysis of climatic variables, it can be said that temperature and humidity had influence on the presence of Braconidae in the Conservation Unity Teixeira Soares. Thus, it can be concluded that the community of Braconidae is much more significant in the mentioned CU, and they can be considered as important elements within the insect species of natural areas, because besides maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of ecosystems where they occur, they are bio-indicators of their preservation degree.
Operação periódica de um leito gotejante de carvão ativado para redução da emissão do poluente atmosférico SO2 com geração de ácido sulfúrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-23)
Pizzo, Sandro Megale
;
Moraes Junior, Deovaldo de
A laboratory-scale investigation of SO2 scrubbing was carried out in a 77.92mm (diameter) × 80.00mm trickle bed with 2.00-2.36mm activated carbon particles using continuous and periodically interrupted liquid flows. The effects of cycle period (10 and 20 minutes), cycle split (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3), superficial gas velocity (20, 40 and 60mm/s), and superficial liquid velocity (2mm/s) on SO2 removal and sulfuric acid production were investigated using a simulated flue gas containing SO2 at 500, 1,000 and 1,500ppm. The average removal efficiency of the periodic operation varied from 40 to almost 100%. The major variables controlling periodic operation performance were found to be the superficial gas velocity and the SO2 concentration. The extent of SO2 removal increased with decreasing cycle period and increasing split. Continuous operation runs achieved practically 100% scrubbing efficiency in all tests performed. Sulfuric acid production rates ranged from 0.649×10-8 to 0.256×10-7mol/g catalyst.s. The concentration of sulfuric acid produced was proportional to both the initial SO2 concentration and the gas superficial velocity. Some sulfuric acid production rates data for periodic operation overlapped those obtained in continuous liquid flow experiments. The advantage for the periodic operation was the higher acid concentrations produced and the lower pressure drops across the trickle bed without carbon losses. However, sulfuric acid production should not be regarded as an end in itself for the periodic operation, as the main goal of this gas treatment route is the removal of sulfur dioxide.
Um homomorfismo índice associado à ações livres de Zp
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-23)
Santos Filho, João da Mata
;
Pergher, Pedro Luiz Queiroz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3328545959112090
The objective of this work is to detail and to analyze consequences of a recent paper of P. Pergher, which deals with the construction of an indexhomomorphism associated to spaces equipped with free actions of the cyclic group Zp. This index-homomorphism maps the equivariant homology Zp-module of a Zp-space into Zp, and it makes possible the obtention of some results of Borsuk-Ulam type, concerning the existence of equivariant maps connecting two given Zp-spaces.
Efeitos de um derrame simulado de petróleo sobre a comunidade planctônica costeira em Angra dos Reis (RJ)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-24)
Reynier, Marcia Vieira
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
Concern with the effect of oil spills in coastal regions resulting from the production, refining and transport of this product has been one of the priorities of the institutions working with this sector. Consequently, there is a large demand for research on the impacts of by accidents on the environment and, particularly, on natural communities. In the present study, a mesocosm experiment was used to evaluate the effects of a mixture of light Arabian and Russian oil with the chemical dispersant Corexit® 9500, over a coastal plankton community. The experiment was carried out in Rio de Janeiro and lasted 25 consecutive days. Three replicates were used as control, with only seawater, three were treated with 800 mL of petroleum and the other three were treated with the mixture 800 mL of petroleum and 80 mL of dispersant. The chemical alterations in the water were striking, especially the rise in the concentration of organic compounds. The results demonstrated a severe reduction of phytoplankton density, as a result of the addition of oil. There was also a change in the composition of the organism groups, with alteration of dominance of diatoms to phytoflagelates. Similar effect was found for the zooplankton. Both the oil and its mixture with dispersant resulted in a reduction of population densities and changes, or disappearance, of some components. Meroplanktonic organisms had a higher sensitivity to the acute effects of the oil and oil-dispersant mixture than holoplanktonic organisms. Copepods were resistant to the effects of oil and oil-dispersant mixture. Among the herbivores, Acartia lilljeborgi had greater resistance to the acute toxic effect of oil, whereas Pseudodiaptomus acutus was more resistant to the chronic effects of both oil and the mixture. Among carnivores, Oithona hebes appeared as a resistant species to both acute and chronical effects. Mesocosms were shown to be useful for investigating the effects of oil spills on marine environments since standardized laboratory tests with algae and invertebrate test-organisms corroborated the field findings.
Análise da associação bactéria-macroalgas em ambiente marinho e do seu potencial uso na avaliação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-25)
Maurat, Maria Cristina da Silva
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
In the last decades the increase in the amount of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, introduced into the sea, has brought an accelerated eutrophication of the coastal marine ecosystems, and great changes in water, sediment and biotic communities. Nutrient enrichment is usually associated to other pollutants, as the heavy metals. The use of macroalgae and heterotrophic bacteria has been considered an efficient tool in environmental diagnosis when focusing these two types of pollution. The aim of the present study was to compare the biomass of bacteria in the water column, attached to the macroalgae and in the sediment of Praia da Baleia (Angra dos Reis/RJ), a region used as control and of Praia de Boa Viagem (Niterói/RJ), a region where the main impact is from domestic sewage effluents evaluating the effect of the eutrophication associated to different concentrations of zinc on Champia parvula and accompanying microorganisms by using laboratory experimentation. Methods involved filtration of samples on nuclepore filters, detachment of bacteria by mechanical shaking and ultrasounding, then cell enumeration by epifluorescence and the use of conversion factors to calculate biomass as organic carbon. The highest bacteria biomass in the water, sediment and macroalgae was obtained for in Praia de Boa Viagem. The evaluation of bacteria biomass in different substrates has shown a direct correlation with the trophic state of the environment, with mean values of 0,198 µgC.cm-3 in the water; of 1,29 µgC.cm-3 in sediment and 0,038 µgC.cm-3 in the macroalgae at the area impacted, values higher than those found in the control area. Chronic and semi-estatic toxicity tests were also performed along 15 days in order to determine growth rates, mortality, and morphological changes in the fronds of the macroalgae Champia parvula, grown on different combinations of nutrients levels, zinc concentrations and presence or absence of bacteria. Laboratory experiments evidenced that zinc and nutrient concentrations interfere with growth, mortality and morphology of C. parvula and also that macronutrients and bacteria probably influenced the accumulation of zinc by the macroalgae, thus influencing its growth.
Produção e purificação de penicilina G acilase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-26)
Pinotti, Laura Marina
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
The main objective of the present work was the study of PGA of B. megaterium production process and purification. The following production aspects were investigated in flasks and/or fermenter: the study of the purity of the culture, the standardization and the conservation of the inoculum, the optimization of the total time of cultivation (germination/propagation and production), the volume of the inoculum, the nutritional requirements of the B. megaterium for the production of the enzyme, the pH, the concentration of dissolved oxygen and the nutrients feeding mode. It was concluded that the conservation of the microorganism in cryovials, in presence the glycerol, showed to be efficient. The germination took 11 hours and the production, 24 hours, which is enough time for the process to reach the maximum production of the enzyme. With respect to the inoculum volume, 3 mL of inoculum/75 mL of medium (108 espores/mL of inoculum), in flasks of 500 mL, were found to be the appropriate conditions for its production. Different sources of carbon and nitrogen were studied and it was verified that glucose, glycerol and concentrations of amino acids above 10.0 g/L repress the synthesis of the enzyme. The largest production of PGA for B. megaterium occurs when the microorganism grows consuming free amino acids, phenylacetic acid (inductor), in the presence of some factor present in the cheese whey. The different components of the cheese whey were investigated and it was verified that none of the macronutrients is responsible for the significant effect of the whey on the production of the enzyme. This work allowed an increase on the enzymatic activities from 56 UI/L and 8,6 UI/g cell, obtained in the first experimental run with the standard inoculum, to 220 UI/L and 65 UI/g cell with the following conditions: 10 g/L of amino acids, 19,6 g/L of cheese whey, 0,4 g/L of salts, 2,7 g/L phenylacetic acid (AFA), initial pH 8,0, absence of pH control, addition of AFA in the beginning of the cultivation and control of dissolved oxygen around 20% of the saturation. During a research stage in Portugal, an investigation on the PGA production by Escherichia coli was also carried out in order to study the technique of adsorption in expanded bed and comparison of the conditions of production of the enzyme for E. coli with those used for B. megaterium. The maximum PGA production using E. coli was 400 UI/L. The same operational conditions used for E. coli were tested for B. megaterium and they didn't result in the enzyme production. In the study of the concentration and purification of the enzyme produced by B. megaterium, the ethanol precipitation technique was optimized. In addition, the ultrafiltration and adsorption in expanded bed (EBA) techniques were also studied. Using ultrafiltration, at 4ºC, enzyme concentrations up to 1541UI/L was reached, without thermal inactivation. The optimization of the previously study conditions results in: flow rate of 0.03 mL/s for the initial 22 mL of ethanol and 0.25 mL/s for the 98 mL of remaining ethanol, with adjustment of the pH of the broth for 6, without the previous dialysis. In the application of the adsorption in expanded bed the dynamic binding capacity found for PGA in clarified broth was about 5 UI / mL of adsorbent, with recovery of 30% of the initial enzyme. A similar value for the dynamic binding capacity was found for PGA of E. coli.
Educação para a vida: uma experiência metodológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-27)
Ribeiro, Ivana de Campos
;
Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
The deep crises, which we live in the social and natural environment, have their origin in the way we understand and act on them. The values that we give to theses environments not only reflect our way of thinking and acting, but also the way we try to solve the problems. The (Environmental) Education, in this sense, can contribute immensily. This work refers to the intervention made in a Primary school of Rio Claro city, state of São Paulo, with the teachers stuff as a way of preparing them to a methodological proposal, the Environmental Education of Body & Soul ,and its five stages model, whose main characteristic is to join cognitive experiences with emotional ones, through the utilization of animismmist activities, having the water as generator theme of transversatility. Its main goal is the inquiry of the applicability potential of the educators proposal, who developed their works together with the students. We expected to stimulate changing, in both teachers and students, in their manner of understanding and acting on the different environments that they live. After two years of intervention, we could see the applicability of this proposal on the part of the teacher whose major indicators were the results observed with the students. Among them: the highest rates of conceptual information retention were linked with the subjects that took more advantages of the animismmist activities, the favoritism of more pleasurable scholar environment, bigger interest and involvement in environmental matters; besides the perception of the connections among the subjects and their contents, favoring the net knowledge, collaborating to the knowledge unification. Other indicators of the positive effects are: the comprehension of the human being like part of the nature, where the human actions against the nature harm the own human; and, the valorization of our natural resources, demonstrated as phrases of affective contents.
Estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica, em cinco lagos marginais do Rio Turiaçu, (Maranhão, Brasil) e sua relação com o pulso de inundação.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-30)
Nogueira, Naiza Maria Castro
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
The phytoplankton communities of five lakes in the floodplain of Turiaçu River (MA) were analysed for taxonomic composition and evaluated regarding temporal dynamics. Changes on phytoplankton densities were analysed as well as the variations in physical and chemical water characteristics along a hydrological cycle, attempting to correlate them to the flood pulse and the consequent water level fluctuations. Samplings were carried out in lakes Cabeludo, Caboclo, Arrodiador, Bate Terra and Quebra Pote, five periods of representative phases: dry, water rising, flooding, water lowing and a second dry. Qualitative samples were taken by horizontal hauls with a 20 µm phytoplankton net, and quantitative samples were taken at the surface and at 20 cm above the bottom with a Van Dorn bottle. Samples were preserved with in 4% formalin and the phytoplankton was identified and enumerated in settling chambers under a Zeiss inverted microscope. Turbulence, rainfall and water level fluctuations were considered the main controlling factors of the successional dynamics. The lakes are shallow and nutrient rich, being eutrophic during the dry period and mesotrophic in the other hydrological phases. The phytoplankton communities of the five lakes are represented by 139 taxa belonging to 9 Classes: 22 Bacillariophyceae, 34 Chlorophyceae, 1 Cryptophyceae, 33 Cyanophyceae, 2 Dinophyceae, 20 Euglenophyceae, 1 Xanthophyceae and 25 Zignematophyceae. Most taxa are new records for Maranhão State. Cyanophyceae was the numerically dominant group in three periods: water rising (March), water lowing (August) and dry (December), with relative abundances varying from 23.13% in Lake Caboclo during the water raising period to 65.72% of the total, at the same lake, in the dry period. Bacillariophyceae were the most abundant organisms in the flooding period (May), with relative abundances varying from 38,14 % in Lake Bate-Terra to 49,70% in Lake Caboclo. The most abundant species of Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were Planktolyngbya circumcreta and Aulacoseira granulata, respectively. Total phytoplankton densities varied from 1725 ind.mL-1 in Lake Arrodiador, in the flood period, to 8272 ind.mL-1 in Lake Cabeludo, at the dry period. The highest densities occurred in dry periods, related to the greater nutrient availability and to the concentration factor resulting from the water level decrease. There was a tendency to higher species richness, lower dominance, higher equitativity and higher diversity of phytoplankton during water rising and water lowering.
Fotossíntese, relações hídricas, estado nutricional e avaliação de caracteres secundários da produção em dois cultivares jovens de seringueira em São José do Rio Preto,SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-30)
Cavalcante, Juliane Ribeiro
;
Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
This study was accomplished with two young cultivate of rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. of Juss.) Müell. Arg.], RRIM 600 and Fx 3864. This work obtained information comparatively on cultivating Fx 3864 to RRIM 600 already established in the from São Paulo Occidental Plateau, through the gas exchange, osmotic and leaf water potential, status nutritional and evaluation of the secondary characters of the production. In that way, it was aimed at to indicate a new one to cultivate (Fx 3864) potentially alternative for the plantation in commercial scale in the region of São José do Rio Preto, SP, and to contribute in the reduction of the improvement cycle and selection of new cultivate. The plants were maintained in field conditions in argissolo in the experimental area of Zoology Department and Botany of UNESP/IBILCE in São José do Rio Preto, SP. During the period of 2001 and 2003, when the plants between 04 and 27 months of age, daily measures of the gas exchange were accomplished, answer curves to the light, measures of osmotic potential; evaluation of the height of the plant (HP), perimeter of the stem (PS), number of releases (N R), leaf area (LA), diameter of the cup in the line and in the among-line (DC-L, DC-AL), bark thickness (BT), mass dries of the stem and of the leaf (MDS, MDL) and specific mass to foliate (SMF) and status nutritional of the plants. The values of the gas exchange in leaf had shown a decrease in phtosynthesis of 32 and 22%, transpiration of 44 and 38% and stomatal conductance of 29 and 17% for RRIM 600 and Fx 3864, respectively. The reduction in the stomatal conductance and in the transpiration rate, observed for both cultivates them, had indicated a preventive behavior to the dehydration of the tissue in the dry period. Through the water status, an osmotic adjustment was observed in both cultivates them in the dry period, making possible the operation of the rate photosynthesis. With relation to secondary characters of the production cultivating RRIM 600 was distinguished in height in relation to Fx 3864. However, Fx 3864 presented DC-L and DC-AL larger. The BT was similar among them you cultivate during the whole study period. To cultivate them from the 2° year of experiment had not presented significant differences in the values of PS, N R and LA. Values of macro and micronutrientes met inside of the strip considered appropriate for rubber tree, evidencing that in the argissolo conditions the values of those nutrients are enough for the rubber tree to manifest her full productive potential. Considering the group of physiologic and environmental characters analyzed, the performance of cultivating Fx 3864 was equivalent to the of RRIM 600 in the first two years of life.