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Estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica, em cinco lagos marginais do Rio Turiaçu, (Maranhão, Brasil) e sua relação com o pulso de inundação.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-30)
Nogueira, Naiza Maria Castro
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
The phytoplankton communities of five lakes in the floodplain of Turiaçu River (MA) were analysed for taxonomic composition and evaluated regarding temporal dynamics. Changes on phytoplankton densities were analysed as well as the variations in physical and chemical water characteristics along a hydrological cycle, attempting to correlate them to the flood pulse and the consequent water level fluctuations. Samplings were carried out in lakes Cabeludo, Caboclo, Arrodiador, Bate Terra and Quebra Pote, five periods of representative phases: dry, water rising, flooding, water lowing and a second dry. Qualitative samples were taken by horizontal hauls with a 20 µm phytoplankton net, and quantitative samples were taken at the surface and at 20 cm above the bottom with a Van Dorn bottle. Samples were preserved with in 4% formalin and the phytoplankton was identified and enumerated in settling chambers under a Zeiss inverted microscope. Turbulence, rainfall and water level fluctuations were considered the main controlling factors of the successional dynamics. The lakes are shallow and nutrient rich, being eutrophic during the dry period and mesotrophic in the other hydrological phases. The phytoplankton communities of the five lakes are represented by 139 taxa belonging to 9 Classes: 22 Bacillariophyceae, 34 Chlorophyceae, 1 Cryptophyceae, 33 Cyanophyceae, 2 Dinophyceae, 20 Euglenophyceae, 1 Xanthophyceae and 25 Zignematophyceae. Most taxa are new records for Maranhão State. Cyanophyceae was the numerically dominant group in three periods: water rising (March), water lowing (August) and dry (December), with relative abundances varying from 23.13% in Lake Caboclo during the water raising period to 65.72% of the total, at the same lake, in the dry period. Bacillariophyceae were the most abundant organisms in the flooding period (May), with relative abundances varying from 38,14 % in Lake Bate-Terra to 49,70% in Lake Caboclo. The most abundant species of Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were Planktolyngbya circumcreta and Aulacoseira granulata, respectively. Total phytoplankton densities varied from 1725 ind.mL-1 in Lake Arrodiador, in the flood period, to 8272 ind.mL-1 in Lake Cabeludo, at the dry period. The highest densities occurred in dry periods, related to the greater nutrient availability and to the concentration factor resulting from the water level decrease. There was a tendency to higher species richness, lower dominance, higher equitativity and higher diversity of phytoplankton during water rising and water lowering.
Fotossíntese, relações hídricas, estado nutricional e avaliação de caracteres secundários da produção em dois cultivares jovens de seringueira em São José do Rio Preto,SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-06-30)
Cavalcante, Juliane Ribeiro
;
Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
This study was accomplished with two young cultivate of rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. of Juss.) Müell. Arg.], RRIM 600 and Fx 3864. This work obtained information comparatively on cultivating Fx 3864 to RRIM 600 already established in the from São Paulo Occidental Plateau, through the gas exchange, osmotic and leaf water potential, status nutritional and evaluation of the secondary characters of the production. In that way, it was aimed at to indicate a new one to cultivate (Fx 3864) potentially alternative for the plantation in commercial scale in the region of São José do Rio Preto, SP, and to contribute in the reduction of the improvement cycle and selection of new cultivate. The plants were maintained in field conditions in argissolo in the experimental area of Zoology Department and Botany of UNESP/IBILCE in São José do Rio Preto, SP. During the period of 2001 and 2003, when the plants between 04 and 27 months of age, daily measures of the gas exchange were accomplished, answer curves to the light, measures of osmotic potential; evaluation of the height of the plant (HP), perimeter of the stem (PS), number of releases (N R), leaf area (LA), diameter of the cup in the line and in the among-line (DC-L, DC-AL), bark thickness (BT), mass dries of the stem and of the leaf (MDS, MDL) and specific mass to foliate (SMF) and status nutritional of the plants. The values of the gas exchange in leaf had shown a decrease in phtosynthesis of 32 and 22%, transpiration of 44 and 38% and stomatal conductance of 29 and 17% for RRIM 600 and Fx 3864, respectively. The reduction in the stomatal conductance and in the transpiration rate, observed for both cultivates them, had indicated a preventive behavior to the dehydration of the tissue in the dry period. Through the water status, an osmotic adjustment was observed in both cultivates them in the dry period, making possible the operation of the rate photosynthesis. With relation to secondary characters of the production cultivating RRIM 600 was distinguished in height in relation to Fx 3864. However, Fx 3864 presented DC-L and DC-AL larger. The BT was similar among them you cultivate during the whole study period. To cultivate them from the 2° year of experiment had not presented significant differences in the values of PS, N R and LA. Values of macro and micronutrientes met inside of the strip considered appropriate for rubber tree, evidencing that in the argissolo conditions the values of those nutrients are enough for the rubber tree to manifest her full productive potential. Considering the group of physiologic and environmental characters analyzed, the performance of cultivating Fx 3864 was equivalent to the of RRIM 600 in the first two years of life.
Resistência de linha de solda em moldados por injeção de compósitos de polipropileno com talcos e fibra de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-03)
Sena Neto, Alfredo Rodrigues de
;
Sousa, José Alexandrino de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7737833809468759
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5212303626376503
The presence of weld lines in injection moulded reinforced thermoplastics contributes towards substantial reduction in mechanical properties, due to unfavourable orientation of the reinforcement in the weak plane of the weldline. However, published literature presents controversial data on the influence of glass fiber and lamellar talc on the weldline strength. Therefore, tensile mechanical properties of injection moulded polypropylene copolymer (PPcopol) composites with short glass fiber and three different grades of talc (medium, fine and ultrafine size) were investigated in presence and absence of weldline. PPcopol composites with 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt. % of filler were compounded in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and tensile test specimens were injection moulded without and with butt weldlines. The DSC measured increase in the degree of percentage crystallinity of the thermoplastic matrix with talc content, contributed to a slight increase in tensile strength of talc-filled composites only in mouldings without weldlines. The tensile properties of mouldings with weldline were superior in talc-filled composites than in glass fiber (GF) reinforced composites, indicating clearly the pronounced debilitating effect of higher GF aspect ratio in comparison to the lower aspect ratio of talc lamellae. The depreciation in tensile modulus and strength of the moulded composites with weldline increases with filler volume fraction and is greater in glass fiberreinforced composites than in talc-filled composites. The particle size differences of the three grades of talc used in this work had minor influence on the weldline tensile properties, probably due to the nearly similar values of aspect ratio of lamellae of these talcs. These results on weldline tensile properties of PP composites were corroborated with scanning electron microscopy analysis of the preferential fiber/talc orientation patterns in the weldline region of moulded tensile specimen with and without weldline.
Hymenoptera parasitóides de larvas de Lepidoptera associadas a Croton floribundus Spreng (Euphorbiaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-03)
Fernandes, Luciana Bueno dos Reis
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
The Hymenoptera were collected during an inventory of wild-caught Lepidoptera larvae and their parasitoids feeding on Croton floribundus. The Lepidoptera larvae were obtained by direct search on host plants, using an entomological umbrella on shrubs and a white cloth (3,3 m2) extended on the floor under the plants, shaken by a stick, along tracks inside of three preserved forest areas in São Paulo State (Canchim Farm, CPPSE / EMBRAPA, at São Carlos; Cambuhy Farm at Matão; Anchieta Island Forest Reserve at Ubatuba). Sixty species, belonging to families Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Perilampidae, Pteromalidae and Bethylidae, were reported; most of them were for the first time associated with C. floribundus. Biological data were obtained and many Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera (both immature and adults) were illustrated.
Composição, distribuição espacial, dinâmica de populações de peixes e estatística pesqueira na lagoa hipersalina de Araruama, RJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-07)
Saad, Adriana Miguel
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
The Araruama lagoon, located on the North East of Rio de Janeiro State, is the largest hyper saline lagoon in Brazil, covering an area of 200 km² and presenting a salinity degree between 35 and 65 . In 1994, structural analyses of the fish community in relation to composition, relative abundance, constancy, dominance, spatial distribution and diversity of species were made. The Araruama lagoon was divided in three areas according to fish spatial distribution, which in turn is related to the distribution of salinity in the lagoon. The first area was the channel that provides communication between the lagoon and the ocean. It was characterized as a eutrophic environment, presenting 37 degree of averaged salinity. The second area was considered a species adaptation zone, presenting 45 degree of average salinity. The third area was characterized as an oligotrophic hyper-saline system, presenting 57 degree of average salinity, comprising dominant and constant species. Results demonstrated that the fish community included 39 species classified as stenohaline, whose distribution was limited to near the ocean. These species were not tolerant of a large variation in salinity and They used to habit only in area 1. Euryhaline species, whose distribution occurred throughout the lagoon, were characterized by an osmo-regulation system that permited a large toleration to salinity variation. The euryhalines types was further subdivided into: (i) oligohaline species that tolerated moderate variation of salinity and were found in areas 1 e 2; (ii) holeurihaline species that moved freely among areas 1, 2 and 3, and also established populations in the lagoon and in the ocean, and (iii) polihalophylic species that tolerated a large variation in salinity, and moved freely among areas 1, 2 and 3, but were not establishing new populations, as demonstrated by their limited occurrence.
Aspectos adaptativos dos processos digestivo e metabólico de juvenis de pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) arraçoados com diferentes níveis de proteína e energia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-10)
Lundstedt, Lícia Maria
;
Moraes, Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
The biological growth is reflected on metabolical adjustments, which are sustained by the nutritional status and is function of feeding. Pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) is a carnivorous fish appreciated by the fillet, in sportive fishing and presents good aquaculture potential, in spite of the rearing technology is not well established. This work aimed to study adaptive aspects of digestion, metabolic processes and intestinal morphology of juvenile pintado fed on different protein and energy levels. In the first set of experiments, fish were submitted to isoenergetic diets (4,000 kcal GE/kg) with different protein levels (20, 30 40 and 50% CP), and digestive enzymes, metabolites and intestine morphology were analyzed. In the second step, fish were submitted to isoproteic diets (31,5% CP) and different amounts of crude energy (3,500; 3,850 and 4,200 kcal GE/kg), and digestive enzymes and metabolites were analyzed. Crude extract from stomach, anterior, medium and posterior intestine were used to assay unspecific protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and amylase. Blood was used to hematimetric analysis. Plasma, liver, white muscle and kidney samples were used to glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, urea (acid extracts), free amino acids, triglycerides, free fatty acids (neutral extracts), glycogen and total protein (alkaline extracts) determination; and assays of glutamate dehydrogenase plus arginase. The best weight gain percent was achieved by the fish fed on 40% CP followed by 30, 50 and 20% respectively. Fish fed lower amounts of energy (3,500 kcal/kg) reached weight gain higher than the other treatments. Metabolic profile was reflected in the fish yield and it was possible to verify through it that the poor as well as the richer diets in crude protein impaired the metabolism of pintado. Likely, the amount of essential amino acids were not supplied by the lower CP (20%), and the largest (50%) leaded to metabolical rearrangements as the neoglycogenesis to hold the glucemia and support energetic demands. Surplus of dietary energy probably leads the fish to decreasing of food intake and drives them to consuming the bulk of energetical molecules with consequent growth loss. The higher proteolytic activities were observed in stomach, where lipolytic and amylolytic activities were also detected. This fact highlights the role of that structure in the digestive processes of pintado. Proteolytic activities were not responsive to CP levels but supplying essential amino acids requirements as function of energetic demands. This picture suggests this group of enzymes is constitutive and allow us to assume the species is well fitted to utilize protein in spite of its dietary amount. Lipase also seems to be a constitutive enzyme, changing its activity just as function of food intake instead of diet lipid level. Amylase is less active in pintado than the most omnivorous species. Its activity, however seems to be function of the dietary glycogen content. Considering the lower digestive enzyme activities in the small intestine and its short size, it is reasonable to assume that the main role of such structure is the nutrient uptake. The histological analyzes strength that assumption, as the morphological responses are evidently adaptive to the CP dietary levels. The number of mucus producer cells (goblet cells) increased in consonance with the fold sizes and thickness of the muscularis, furthering the motility of the folds and optimizing the absorptive processes. The great variation of protein, lipid and carbohydrate here assayed allow us to assume that the optimizations of pintado diets are very dependent of the best ratios of them.
Transporte e morfologia de esquemas de tintas epóxi poliamina equivalentes à base de solvente e água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-21)
Horikawa, Carla Shizumi
;
D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
In the present work, anticorrosive properties of solvent borne and water based epoxy polyamine coatings were studied comparatively. First these studies were performed for the individual layers of these coatings, i.e., primer, under coating and topcoat, and, finally, for the set of the layers, which was named complete scheme (for both kinds of epoxy polyamine coatings). In the case of primers, the ionic migration resistance was evaluated, and the resistivity of solvent borne epoxy polyamine coating primer (PS) was bigger than that of water based epoxy polyamine coating primer. In water absorption studies, the individual layers and the complete scheme of the solvent borne epoxy polyamine coating had smaller values than those of the water based epoxy polyamine coatings. In the water transport studies, the individual layers and the complete scheme of the solvent borne epoxy polyamine coating had permeation coefficients smaller than those of the water based epoxy polyamine coating. The oxygen transport also was studied and, one more time, the individual layers of the solvent borne epoxy polyamine coating had permeation coefficients smaller than those of the water based epoxy polyamine coating. However, for the complete scheme, the water based epoxy polyamine coating permeation coefficient was smaller than the solvent borne epoxy polyamine coating one, both presented permeation values smaller than the individuals layers.
Educação ambiental dialógica e representações sociais da água em cultura sertaneja nordestina: uma contribuição à consciência ambiental em Irauçuba - CE (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-23)
Figueiredo, João Batista de Albuquerque
;
Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
This thesis presents a research-intervention based in the dialogic environmental education in the molds of freirean pedagogy under an echo-relational perspective. The investigation intends to deal a local-global problem: the water as a privileged place in which we joined a discussion on the environmental crisis that possesses singularities in the cultures, but that happens in world scale. It seems in the urgent in the context that we have met, to contemplate about the potential of those social presentations, originated information from the common sense that they show in the language, in the values and in the attitudes as space-key for an environmental education which intends, politics and socially, critic. The research objectified the rising of the social representations of subject -keys water of Irauçuba people, interior of Ceará , in the Brazilian Northeast. People who lives process, characterized as carries of an oral culture residually. We used, in the research, interviews, ethnographies observations and oral history. We worked data regarded with the theory of the social representations as a procedure that conceives values acting and language as working agents, allowing contributing for the popular point of view comprehension, of the movements of present facings in the popular courses in the face of social dealings for the water. As results we had: present critical knots in the sense way, in the required course, of popular groups associated to the city neighborhoods. Marks of the fight are evidence by water: water places in the neighborhood of water house; the city water container and deficit distribution in Cruzeiro neighborhood; the defective weather vane in Gil Bastos , the well piping system and water which arrives every three days in Downtown neighborhood, the liquid feces and sewers in Esperança neighborhood, the station of water treatment in Açude neighborhood. A tissue of social representations of water with the following categories: the invisibility of water problem and lacking visibility in the culture of silence and in the popular resistance; the fissure among lived the thought and praxis in the relationship with the water, naturalization, utilitarianism and water capitalization, divinity and water unending, individual noting and social utility of the water implying in its situation-limits and in the viable ultimate stuff. As part of the process we had the intervention from Forum constitution, from the course itself and from popular movements instituted along the work. As (in)conclusions we have observed confirmation of our previous idea evidence perspective that an environmental education to be effective, reflections-actions concerning social environmental need, necessarily, to be built in partnership with local popular knowledge in a talkative way and echo-related, possible of rebounding in real transformations. The intervention stage reached to link the collective perception of local social constructions on water problem to the politics context and criticizer of Cearense Forum Coexistence with Semi-Arid.
Inferência de variáveis do processo de produção de penicilina G acilase por Bacillus megaterium ATCC-14945
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-27)
Silva, Rosineide Gomes da
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
The enzyme penicillin G acylase (E.C.3.5.1.11) is used in the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and 7-aminocephalosporinic acid (7-ACA), which are key intermediates for the production of β-lactam antibiotics. Its industrial importance was one of the motivations for this thesis. On-line measurement and monitoring of cultivations of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945 in a agitated and aerated bioreactor allowed the acquisition of variables such as mol fraction of CO2 and O2 in the exhaust gases, pH, dissolved oxygen. Batch and fed-batch runs, using either enzymatically hydrolyzed casein or a pool of free amino acids provided information concerning the extend of the cultivation, preservation of the microorganism and addition/exclusion of nutrients. Usual carbon sources as glucose, fructose and glycerol increased the cellular mass, but did not improve the productivity of PGA. The use of amino acids resulted in a 2.5-fold increase of productivity. Adding phenyl acetic acid at the beginning of the experiments did not inhibit cell growth. Three non-structured models of microbial growth were put forth, assuming one, two and three limiting substrates. However, these models were too simple for our purposes. Another approach was then followed, using neural networks (NN) as softsensors. Before implementing the inference algorithm, the blank noise of the instrumentation had to be reduced. A non-conventional filter was developed, combining a recursive NN, a moving average and a second recursive NN. The smoothed variables were the input for a second NN, for pattern recognition, which classified the run in one of the main growth phases: lag, exponential and stationary. The main purpose of this NN was to identify the exponential phase, which would be the domain of the next NN, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) for inference of the cellular mass. Several NN, with different topologies, were tested for this purpose. Finally, the product concentration (PGA activity in the medium) was estimated through a hybrid approach, using the growth rate inferred by the MLP NN, coupled to the cell-product yield, obtained from the fitting of the non-structured models. Another important information for this last algorithm was the knowledge that production of PGA was growth-associated, but with a 2hr-delay. The algorithm for inference was robust and accurate.
Aplicação da lógica fuzzi na produção de penicilina G Acilase em cultivos de Bacillus megaterium
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-28)
Nucci, Edson Romano
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is an important enzyme for the pharmaceutical industry. This enzyme has industrial use in the hydrolysis of penicillin G to obtain 6-aminocephalosporanic acid (6-APA), essential intermediate for the production of beta-lactam antibiotics. Many microorganisms produce PGA, but Bacillus megaterium is one of the few that excretes the enzyme to the extra cellular medium, facilitating downstream operations. Another recently enzyme application refers to enzymatic synthesis of semi-synthetics antibiotics as amoxilin and amphicilin via green route. This work studied the pH influence on the production of the enzyme. An algorithm based on the Fuzzy logic theory was implemented aiming to determine the maximum enzyme concentration during Bacillus megaterium cultivations. Experiments were carried out in a bioreactor (5 liter working volume) coupled to a data acquisition system using a Programmable Logic Controller and Supervisory System. Experiments carried out under pH control showed a decreasing in enzyme concentration compared to standard experiments. This result could be related to production of proteases by microorganism or enzyme deactivation caused by local acid addition. Two algorithms were implemented. The first was programmed in Fortran and linked as dynamic link library in a Visual Basic program to exchange on-line information with data acquisition system. The second one was implemented in MatLab (Mathworks, 5.2) software. On-line variables as cultivation time, carbon dioxide concentration and time carbon dioxide concentration derivate were used as information to Fuzzy algorithm. Both algorithms were able to accurately identify the time for which the enzyme reached its maximum. The first algorithm was tested in real time in two experiments.
Aspectos da biologia, variabilidade genética e estrutura sociogenética dos agregados de Digelasinus diversipes (Kirby, 1882) (Hymenoptera: Agridae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-29)
Boraschi, Daniele
;
Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2932860205914526
Symphyta is a suborder of Hymenoptera, which presents primitive characters, like absence of constriction at the base of the abdomen. Symphyta larvae are phytophagous and feed gregariously, causing damage to agricultural crops, ornamental plants and forests stands, especially in temperate zones. In this group researches focus mainly on ecological aspects related to pests control. There are few data about population genetic structure, and studies about genetic variability exhibit disagreeable data. This study attempts to elucidate some aspects of the biology of Digelasinus diversipes, a Neotropical Symphyta with active larvae from November until March which host in Eugenia glazioviana (Myrtacea) trees, where cocoon masses can be found. Genetic variability and population structure were measured by allozymic analyses through starch gel electrophoresis. Cocoon masses were collected in 2000 and 2001, in two areas of the Estação Ecológica Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP 21º25 S, 47º50 W). Field observations evidenced i) Digelasinus diversipes larvae disperse during foraging, among neighboring trees; ii) larvae from different ovipositions associate to cocoon mass communal construction, observation corroborated by the low relatedness coefficient among individuals of cocoon mass; iii) adults are shortlived; males are smaller than females, which emerge with all eggs matured for fecundation and/or oviposition; iv) the secondary sex ratio, measured by individuals emerged at laboratory, are female-biased. Electrophoretic analyses reveal high levels of average heterozigosity (Hobs = 0.094±0.025SE) for this species, contrasting with previous data for other Hymenopteran species. There were no significant levels of inbreeding inside samples, but the population was structured, suggesting low levels of gene flow, a consequence of their low dispersal ability.
Desenvolvimento de um leito vibro-fluidizado e estudos dos coeficientes de transferência de calor de corpos submersos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-29)
Camargo, Célio Fernando dos Santos
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
In this work equipment developments and techniques for aerodynamics and heat transfer studies in a vibro-fluidized bed are presented. The equipment projected and built consists of an acrylic bed with a circular section of 0.12 m diameter and 0.5 m height, with an eccentric mechanism that allowed the amplitude variation, and through the motor speed, variation in the frequency vibration. The aerodynamics study in a vibro-fluidized bed has been carried out through the analysis of the fluidization and standard deviation curves obtained for both systems (conventional and vibrated), in order to verify the pressure drop in the bed and the oscillation around the average, in function of the vibrational frequency and the initial bed height. The bed was constituted of ballotini glass spheres of 700 µm. The global heat transfer coefficient between immersed test body and the bed was obtained from two geometric configurations: cylinder and spheres. For the spherical geometry three different diameters were studied. In both geometries an electric resistances for the bodies heating was used. The local heat transfer coefficient was obtained from a similar cylinder to the one described previously, however equipped with a platinum sensor. This sensor consisted of a quartz piece with a fine platinum film linked to an electric circuit that through appropriate equation and monitor software allowed the obtaining of this coefficient. The influence of the superficial air velocity, vibrational frequency, particle size, forms and size of the tests bodies were analyzed. The aerodynamic results showed that, without vibration, the instantaneous pressure had a significant increase with the intensity vibration, with a maximum value in most of the results. The difference for an experimental condition for another one, is the angular area of the cylinder in which this tendency happens for the coefficient. When compared with the bed without vibration, just fluidized it, was verified that the values obtained in this work for the local coefficient have a similar behavior to the ones found in the literature. oscillation observed in the deviation standard curves are independent of the bed height. In the vibro-fluidized beds these oscillation showed a strong dependence on the bed height and on the dimensionless parameter, in the interval of variables studied. The results of the global heat transfer coefficient showed an increase of h, with the imposition of vibrations, with smaller particle size and for larger air velocity, for both studied geometries. When analyzed locally, it was observed that hθ had a significant increase with the intensity vibration, with a maximum value in most of the results. The difference for an experimental condition for another one, is the angular area of the cylinder in which this tendency happens for the coefficient. When compared with the bed without vibration, just fluidized it, was verified that the values obtained in this work for the local coefficient have a similar behavior to the ones found in the literature.
Programa educativo sobre o desenvolvimento infantil para mães sociais.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-30)
Perez, Renata Reis Munhoz
;
Emmel, Maria Luisa Guillaumon
This work had for objectives to develop, to apply and to evaluate an educational program on the infantile development, from 0 to 2 years, for social mothers of the nursery of the orphanage. They announced of this research three social mothers that work with children from 0 to 2 years. For the materialization of the proposed objective, the work was divided in nine stages. In the first stage, it was made an observation of the routine of the social mothers' performance in the bath activities and change of clothes, hour of feeding and activities of play, serving as base for the development of the program. In the second stage, the questionnaire 1 was applied (pré-test). In the third, a program was implemented with the elaboration and application of the first four classes, with the duration of one month. In the fourth stage, it was applied the questionnaire 1 again (powder-test). In the fifth stage, the questionnaire 2 was applied (pré-test). In the sixth stage, they were applied the last four classes of the program, with the duration of one month. In the seventh stage, it was accomplished the application of the questionnaire 2 again (powder-test). In the eighth stage the mothers' new filmings were accomplished with the children at the end of the course. Therefore after, the ninth stage was accomplished (Follow-up) that consisted in the evaluation of the program during the three months after the end of the interventions. The results showed that the social mothers don't obey her/it any acting pattern with relationship the children's observation. The one that the work showed was individual differences in the form of working with the children in the routine situations. Besides, they lack important information for the social mothers concerning the development in general of the children in that phase, and the importance of their proximity in the first years of the baby's life. Finally, the studiousness of the program showed to be necessary and important to minimize such problems. There was change in the degree of the mothers' knowledge on the infantile development and in the interactions with the children, and this can influence on a larger entail among mother-child.
Diversidade dos Cyclopoida (Copepoda, Crustácea) de água doce do estado de São Paulo: taxonomia, ecologia e genética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-30)
Silva, William Marcos da
;
Tundisi, Takako Matsumura
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7789295211200946
In the present work, the diversity of the Copepoda Cyclopoida from Sao Paulo State was studied. Samples of zooplankton were collected along with water samples were collected in 22 Hydrographic Management Units (UHGRH) of the State. Different environments, such as Reservoirs, Ponds, and Rivers were sampled totalizing 207 water bodies. All of them were positioned by using GPS. Samples of zooplankton were collected using net with 68µm of mesh size. Vertical hauls were performed in limnetic zone, while in littoral zone horizontal hauls and bucket were used. The plankton samples were preserved in formaldehyde 4%. Identifications of Cyclopoida were achieved using adult females forms. The data thus obtained were submitted to the SinBiota World Web Site where Geographical distribution of Cyclopoida was plotted to the map of the Sao Paulo State using the geographic coordinates obtained from GPS. It was compared the biodiversity and abundance of Cyclopoida in Reservoirs with different trophic degrees located in the Basins of rivers Tietê, Ribeira do Iguape, and Grande. ITS 2 sequence of DNA of the Cyclopoida was obtained for the following species: Thermcyclops decipiens, Thermocyclops inversus, Mesocyclops ogunnus and Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus. Number of chromosomes Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus was counted and a chromatin diminution observed. New Cyclopoida species, Thermocyclops n. sp., was first described and five species, Acanthocyclops robustus, Eucyclops elegans, Eucyclops cf. prinophorus, Microcyclops alius, and Mesocyclops aspericornis, were newly registered in the São Paulo State. With this, there are now 10 genera and 26 species recorded in the Sao Paulo State. A key to genres and species in the São Paulo State was proposed based on morphological differences, including draws from the anatomical characteristics which are important for taxonomy. It was proved that species identified earlier in the São Paulo State as Mesocyclops kieferi and Mesocyclops brasilianus were actually confused with species Mesocyclops ogunnus and Mesocyclops meridianus, respectively. It was found that Pacyclops fimbriatus, recorded earlier in the Broa Reservoir, is actually Pacyclops chiltoni inhabiting Sao Paulo water bodies. Thermocyclops decipiens was found to be the most broadly distributed species of the Cyclopoid recorded in 20 of 22 hydrographic units followed by Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus recorded in 16 units and Thermocyclops mintus, Mesocyclops ogunnus and Mesocyclops meridianus recorded in 15 units. Based on our observations, we concluded that, in contrast to the common opinion, highly eutrophicated Reservoirs present the highest species richness and distribution equitability as compared to oligotrophic ones. It was found that Acanthocyclops robustus, Mesocyclops ogunnus, and Thermocyclops inversus present the high abundance in eutrophic systems, along with Thermocyclops decipiens. On the other hand, Thermocyclops n. sp., as well as Thermocyclops minutus, have presented the high abundance in systems less eutrophicated streams. We found that the newly described species Thermocyclops n. sp is distributed specifically in the Basins of Ribeira do Iguape and Paraíba do Sul. ITS 2 sequence of DNA varied greatly between different species, while no significantly variation was observed between specimens of the same species. Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus was found to possess 2n = 14 chromosomes and presented the chromatin diminution in 4th egg cleavage. The present study clearly shows that the exhaustive study of the biodiversity needs the use complex approaches as taxonomy, ecology and genetics. This work is part of Biota/FAPESP program, the virtual institute of biodiversity.
Etnoentomologia no povoado de Pedra Branca, município de Santa Terezinha, Bahia. Um estudo de caso das interações seres humanos/insetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-01)
Costa Neto, Eraldo Medeiros
;
Pacheco, Josué Marques
The great diversity of insect species is perceived, classified, known, and used in different ways by many different human cultures. Considering the affective, cognitive and behavior aspects of the complex relationship that human beings maintain with these animals, an ethnoentomological research has been carried out with the dwellers of a small community from Bahia State countryside. Fieldwork was done from February to May 2001 in the village of Pedra Branca, which belongs to the town of Santa Terezinha. This town is located in the central-west region of the state. Data were obtained through open and semi-structured interviews, as well as by behavior observation by using the usual techniques of ethnographic recording. Most of the interviews were tape recorded. A total of 74 males and 79 females, whose ages ranged from 4 to 108 years old, were interviewed. Key-specialists were identified through the evidence of consolidated ethnoentomological knowledge. Results show the feelings, thoughts (knowledge and beliefs), and behaviors that intermediate the relationship between the dwellers of Pedra Branca and the local entomofauna. The following aspects were seen in the affective dimension: the perception and the emic construction of the ethnozoological dominion insect ; the negative impacts of the direct action of insects on human health; the ethnospecies considered as plagues; and the association of these animals to beneficial and/or harmful events. As for the cognitive dimension, the following aspects were observed: ethnoontogeny, biotransformation, and the natural history of those ethnospecies that were considered culturally important, such as wasps, bees, cicadas, ants, and spider wasps; an emphasis was given to the knowledge about ethnotaxonomy, distribution, phenology, ethology, abundance, seasonality, food ecology, and habitat. The behavioral dimension dealt with the usage of insects as medicines, food, toys, decorative pieces, and in rituals. It can be concluded that insects fulfill a significant meaning in the social-cultural life of the inhabitants of the Serra da Jibóia region. Their ethnoentomological knowledge manifests itself as a valuable resource that is sufficient to be taken into account in the developing process of the region, as well as in studies concerning the inventory of the local fauna.
Secagem de pêra em secador a microondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-05)
Fumagalli, Fabíola
;
Silveira, Ana Maria da
The present work has as main objective the pear drying in three different dryers: convective, microwave and microwave-convective. It is also intended to evaluate the effect of the osmotic dehydration, as pré-treatment, in the quality of the dried product. Before they be dried or dehydrated the samples passed by a mechanical treatment, which consists of peeling, seeds removing and cutting the fruit, and a chemical treatment with its immersion in solution 1,5% of ascorbic acid for 15 minutes. The stage of osmotic dehydration was carried out by analying the influence of the osmotic agent concentration (sucrose to 25; 37,5 and 50%), of the temperature (30, 40 and 50ºC), of the sample geometry (cubes, toothpicks and slices) and of the use of agitation (0 and 120 rpm) in the kinetics of the process, through the loss of water and the sucrose incorporation by the fruit. The best kinetic condition obtained, through statistical analysis of the data, was to the sample in slices dehydrated at 40ºC, with 37,5% of sucrose and without agitation, being this condition used as pretreatment to the drying. The adjustment of the experimental data was accomplished by the empirical model of Azuara (1992). The drying stage was studied for the fresh and osmotically dehydrated fruit. In this stage, the best kinetic condition was stablished based on the analysis of the influence of the kind of drying used and the power of the microwave in the moisture content of the fruit. The speed and temperature of the air was maintained constant at 2 m/s and 50ºC, and the temperature inside the sample was measured during drying. The best kinetic condition obtained was for the microwave-convective drying at 0,3W/g of osmotically dehydrated samples. The adjustment of the experimental data was accomplished by the Lewis (1921) and Page difusion models (1949). The materials and products of the osmotic dehydration and drying were analyzed concerning their quality, being the main analyses, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, water activity, density, moisture content, total solids and shrink. The results obtained were compared in terms of the drying kinetics and quality of the product, for the equipments used through statistical treatment and with available data from the literature. The osmotic dehydration had beneficial effects on the properties analyzed, giving the best results to the main components detention and maintenance of the others analyzed properties. During the drying, the quality decreases with the increase in the inner sample temperature. The shrink data adjustment, presented by the volume decrease, was well represented by the Lozano et al. (1983) model, being linearly proportional to the moisture content variation.
Influência do teor metálico na isomerização do n-hexano sobre Ni-Pt/HUSY
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-06)
Yoshioka, Carlos Minoru Nascimento
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
The isomerization of linear alcanes has arised great interest in the industry of refining of oil with the intention to transform n-paraffins (particularly with 6 and 7 carbon atoms), in iso-paraffins, since these last ones possess high index of octane number, thus improving the efficiency of the automotives engines. The great part of literature works involves the job of bifunctional catalysts that possess acid sites and hydrogenants/deshydrogenants sites. Most of the studies with the bimetallic catalysts was carried through the constant mass, what it can take the maken a mistake interpretations, in function of that, in the case of the pair Pt-Ni, the atomic weight of both metals is very different (195,09 versus 58,71). Thus being, the objective of this work is to verify the influence of the Pt in the reduction and the properties of catalysts formed for Ni+2 supported in zeolite HUSY comparing, however, catalysts that contain a constant atomic metal. In this work, catalysts monometallic bifunctional had been prepared using supported Ni or Pt in zeolite HUSY, and bimetallic contend different ratios of Ni- Pt. The addition of metals in the solid were carried through competitive ion exchange, using solutions of [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 and [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2. Three series of catalysts had been prepared: first with the total amount of atoms of 30.10-6 atg Me/gcat, second with 130.10-6 atg Me/gcat and third with 180.10-6 atg Me/gcat. The catalysts had been characterized by RTP (reduction the temperature programmed) and submitted to the catalytic evaluation in the isomerization of the n-hexane 250°C and 1 atm in an atmosphere contend a ratio H2/C6 = 9. In the RTP results, a larger reducibility of cations Ni+2 was verified when in presence of Pt, evidenced for the displacement of the peak of reduction in the monometallic catalysts front to the bimetallic. It is possible to observed also, that it has a reduction of the temperatures of reduction with the increase of Pt, indicating a lesser interaction of this metal with the support. In the isomerization reaction, a fast deactivation for the catalysts was observed only contends Ni. The bimetallic catalysts, when compared with the catalysts of Ni, they present a lower deactivation and a great final activity during 6 h reaction. The catalysts which have only Pt, compared to those catalysts which have only Ni, presented greater activity and minimal deactivation. Comparing the bimetallic catalysts with the monometallic, it was observed that catalytic bimetallic with more of 70% of Ni (9.10-6 atg of Ni) they are more active than the monometallic ones (only Pt or Ni). Evaluating it activity in function of the content of Pt, it is observed a maximum for lower content of Pt. Above of this content, an addition of Pt leads to the reduction of the initial catalytic activity.
Fotoluminescência de SrTiO3 dopado com Al, Y, Cr, V e Nb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-08)
Soledade, Luiz Edmundo Bastos
;
Longo, Elson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
It was studied the effect of the dopants, Al, Y, Cr, Nb and V, on the photoluminescent properties of films and powders of amorphous strontium titanate. With this purpose the techniques of SEM, XRD, UV/Visible spectroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence were applied to film and powder samples of strontium titanate, prepared by the Pechini method. A literature survey was undertaken upon the structure and the photoluminescent properties of 26 crystalline inorganic titanates, in which titanium displayed the sixfold, fivefold and fourfold oxygen coordinations. The fivefold oxygen coordinated compounds exhibited much higher values of excitation band energy and quenching temperature than the sixfold oxygen coordinated compounds. A recent research from LIEC confirmed, by means of XANES, the presence of fivefold oxygen coordinated titanium in the samples of amorphous titanates that presented room temperature photoluminescence. A recent quantum mechanic study of LIEC associated the titanate amorphous structure to the reduction of its theoretical gap and therefore to the increase photoluminescence intensity. In the present work, were confirmed higher values of optical bandgaps for the crystalline samples than for the amorphous samples, supporting the creation of intermediate states in the forbidden band, which were recently confirmed in the aforementioned quantum mechanic study. It can be definitively stated that amorphous strontium titanato is sensitive to the doping. Generally speaking the chromium doping presents the tendency to decrease of the wavelength of the photoluminescence emission peak, while the opposite was observed in the case of the vanadium doping. The separation of the photoluminescence spectra could be very effectively accomplished into just two gaussians. For the case of the powder and tablet samples, the peak of smaller wavelength, µ1, is located within a narrow range from 561 to 571 nm. The peak of higher wavelength, µ2, is also located within a narrow range, in this case between 637 and 651 nm. These peak values reasonably agree with the values found for samples of amorphous undoped ZT, also in the form of powders. It should not be attributed to the dopants the responsibility for the photoluminescence phenomenon of the amorphous titanates. They only create defects that can influence, positively or negatively, the photoluminescence intensity, not having contributed to the creation of a new photoluminescence center. It can be said that the doping of amorphous strontium titanate only secondarily influences the previously important photoluminescence of the amorphous undoped SrTiO3 , which presents a quenching temperature over 300K. Similar results, of such secondary importance of the doping of amorphous titanates were observed in recent works of LIEC in Er-doped lead titanate, amorphous and crystalline, and in amorphous BaTiO3/SrTiO3 doped with Cr and V.
Formação e práticas de profissionais da saúde em interação com pacientes oncológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-08)
Lopes, Alessandra de Andrade
;
Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
Appuyés sur les connaissances acquises dans la branche de l Éducation en particulier, sur celles de la formation de professeurs et d autres agents éducationnels et à la recherche d une contribution aux investigations sur interaction entre des professionnels de la santé et leurs patients, cette recherche a eu le but de favoriser la réflexion sur formation et pratiques de professionnels en interaction avec les patients porteurs d un cancer. Ainsi, on a identifié quelques pratiques usuelles et éducatives parmi des médecins, des infirmiers, des assistants sociaux, des spécialistes en réhabilitation physique et des psychologues, pour ensuite les associer aux parcours de formation professionnelle, aux expériences pratiques, aux caractéristiques de la clientèle, de l équipe, du lieu de travail et aux politiques de santé en vigueur. Pour la récolte des données sur interaction en question, on a fait appel à des entretiens individuels et à un cours de formation continuée. On a pu constater que les participants de la recherche envisageaient surtout la solution des besoins premiers: diagnostic du problème et indication aux différents traitements. Tous les participants ont abordé les pratiques éducatives de prévention des maladies et de promotion de la santé, mais celles-ci sont conditionnées au lieu et à l équipe de travail et aux politiques de santé en vigueur. La satisfaction professionnelle est déterminée par les résultats obtenus avec les patients. Les échanges d expérience et d apprentissages résultantes de l interaction du professionnel sont perçus comme des gains personnels, pourtant, ces aspects positifs ne sont pas verbalisés aux bénéficiaires et à l équipe. Le rapport interpersonnel avec le patient, sa famille et l équipe joue un rôle primordial pour les professionnels, dépendant, néanmoins, d efforts personnels acquis en dehors de la formation académique. Bien qu il y ait une valorisation des rapports interpersonnels, les professionnels se préoccupent davantage du développement technique et spécialisé qui, à leur avis, représenterait un meilleur service aux patients. Les professionnels ont évalué que les cours de graduation apprennent la théorie de la pratique et la pratique technique essentielles pour remédier aux maladies, mais ils n en donnent pas le nécessaire pour la promotion de la santé. En ce qui concerne l interaction avec les femmes porteuses de cancer de seins, on a pu remarquer que les valeurs sociales, éthiques et religieuses des spécialistes minimisent les aspects émotionnels negatives par rapport à l échec de la guérison, à l insuffisante de moyens et d équipements du service de santé et aux conflits entre les membres de l équipe. Comme résultat de la réflexion sur leurs pratiques, les professionnels ont élaboré des projets d intervention à l objectif d améliorer les conditions de travail et leur interaction avec les patients et l équipe. Dans cette recherche, on a conclu que l entretien et le cours développé ont servi d outils d investigation et de formation efficaces et que les cours de formation initiale et continuée doivent comprendre les dimensions interpersonnelles, sociales et politiques de la profession.
Hipoeliticidade global e vetores simultaneamente aproximáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-11)
Simsen, Jacson
;
Petronilho, Gerson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5917989984472668
A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a sum of squares operator to be globally hypoelliptic. This condition is expressed in terms of Diophatine approximation properties of the coefficients. The proof of the Theorem is based on L2− estimates.