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Aplicação da lógica fuzzi na produção de penicilina G Acilase em cultivos de Bacillus megaterium
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-28)
Nucci, Edson Romano
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is an important enzyme for the pharmaceutical industry. This enzyme has industrial use in the hydrolysis of penicillin G to obtain 6-aminocephalosporanic acid (6-APA), essential intermediate for the production of beta-lactam antibiotics. Many microorganisms produce PGA, but Bacillus megaterium is one of the few that excretes the enzyme to the extra cellular medium, facilitating downstream operations. Another recently enzyme application refers to enzymatic synthesis of semi-synthetics antibiotics as amoxilin and amphicilin via green route. This work studied the pH influence on the production of the enzyme. An algorithm based on the Fuzzy logic theory was implemented aiming to determine the maximum enzyme concentration during Bacillus megaterium cultivations. Experiments were carried out in a bioreactor (5 liter working volume) coupled to a data acquisition system using a Programmable Logic Controller and Supervisory System. Experiments carried out under pH control showed a decreasing in enzyme concentration compared to standard experiments. This result could be related to production of proteases by microorganism or enzyme deactivation caused by local acid addition. Two algorithms were implemented. The first was programmed in Fortran and linked as dynamic link library in a Visual Basic program to exchange on-line information with data acquisition system. The second one was implemented in MatLab (Mathworks, 5.2) software. On-line variables as cultivation time, carbon dioxide concentration and time carbon dioxide concentration derivate were used as information to Fuzzy algorithm. Both algorithms were able to accurately identify the time for which the enzyme reached its maximum. The first algorithm was tested in real time in two experiments.
Aspectos da biologia, variabilidade genética e estrutura sociogenética dos agregados de Digelasinus diversipes (Kirby, 1882) (Hymenoptera: Agridae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-29)
Boraschi, Daniele
;
Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2932860205914526
Symphyta is a suborder of Hymenoptera, which presents primitive characters, like absence of constriction at the base of the abdomen. Symphyta larvae are phytophagous and feed gregariously, causing damage to agricultural crops, ornamental plants and forests stands, especially in temperate zones. In this group researches focus mainly on ecological aspects related to pests control. There are few data about population genetic structure, and studies about genetic variability exhibit disagreeable data. This study attempts to elucidate some aspects of the biology of Digelasinus diversipes, a Neotropical Symphyta with active larvae from November until March which host in Eugenia glazioviana (Myrtacea) trees, where cocoon masses can be found. Genetic variability and population structure were measured by allozymic analyses through starch gel electrophoresis. Cocoon masses were collected in 2000 and 2001, in two areas of the Estação Ecológica Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP 21º25 S, 47º50 W). Field observations evidenced i) Digelasinus diversipes larvae disperse during foraging, among neighboring trees; ii) larvae from different ovipositions associate to cocoon mass communal construction, observation corroborated by the low relatedness coefficient among individuals of cocoon mass; iii) adults are shortlived; males are smaller than females, which emerge with all eggs matured for fecundation and/or oviposition; iv) the secondary sex ratio, measured by individuals emerged at laboratory, are female-biased. Electrophoretic analyses reveal high levels of average heterozigosity (Hobs = 0.094±0.025SE) for this species, contrasting with previous data for other Hymenopteran species. There were no significant levels of inbreeding inside samples, but the population was structured, suggesting low levels of gene flow, a consequence of their low dispersal ability.
Desenvolvimento de um leito vibro-fluidizado e estudos dos coeficientes de transferência de calor de corpos submersos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-29)
Camargo, Célio Fernando dos Santos
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
In this work equipment developments and techniques for aerodynamics and heat transfer studies in a vibro-fluidized bed are presented. The equipment projected and built consists of an acrylic bed with a circular section of 0.12 m diameter and 0.5 m height, with an eccentric mechanism that allowed the amplitude variation, and through the motor speed, variation in the frequency vibration. The aerodynamics study in a vibro-fluidized bed has been carried out through the analysis of the fluidization and standard deviation curves obtained for both systems (conventional and vibrated), in order to verify the pressure drop in the bed and the oscillation around the average, in function of the vibrational frequency and the initial bed height. The bed was constituted of ballotini glass spheres of 700 µm. The global heat transfer coefficient between immersed test body and the bed was obtained from two geometric configurations: cylinder and spheres. For the spherical geometry three different diameters were studied. In both geometries an electric resistances for the bodies heating was used. The local heat transfer coefficient was obtained from a similar cylinder to the one described previously, however equipped with a platinum sensor. This sensor consisted of a quartz piece with a fine platinum film linked to an electric circuit that through appropriate equation and monitor software allowed the obtaining of this coefficient. The influence of the superficial air velocity, vibrational frequency, particle size, forms and size of the tests bodies were analyzed. The aerodynamic results showed that, without vibration, the instantaneous pressure had a significant increase with the intensity vibration, with a maximum value in most of the results. The difference for an experimental condition for another one, is the angular area of the cylinder in which this tendency happens for the coefficient. When compared with the bed without vibration, just fluidized it, was verified that the values obtained in this work for the local coefficient have a similar behavior to the ones found in the literature. oscillation observed in the deviation standard curves are independent of the bed height. In the vibro-fluidized beds these oscillation showed a strong dependence on the bed height and on the dimensionless parameter, in the interval of variables studied. The results of the global heat transfer coefficient showed an increase of h, with the imposition of vibrations, with smaller particle size and for larger air velocity, for both studied geometries. When analyzed locally, it was observed that hθ had a significant increase with the intensity vibration, with a maximum value in most of the results. The difference for an experimental condition for another one, is the angular area of the cylinder in which this tendency happens for the coefficient. When compared with the bed without vibration, just fluidized it, was verified that the values obtained in this work for the local coefficient have a similar behavior to the ones found in the literature.
Programa educativo sobre o desenvolvimento infantil para mães sociais.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-30)
Perez, Renata Reis Munhoz
;
Emmel, Maria Luisa Guillaumon
This work had for objectives to develop, to apply and to evaluate an educational program on the infantile development, from 0 to 2 years, for social mothers of the nursery of the orphanage. They announced of this research three social mothers that work with children from 0 to 2 years. For the materialization of the proposed objective, the work was divided in nine stages. In the first stage, it was made an observation of the routine of the social mothers' performance in the bath activities and change of clothes, hour of feeding and activities of play, serving as base for the development of the program. In the second stage, the questionnaire 1 was applied (pré-test). In the third, a program was implemented with the elaboration and application of the first four classes, with the duration of one month. In the fourth stage, it was applied the questionnaire 1 again (powder-test). In the fifth stage, the questionnaire 2 was applied (pré-test). In the sixth stage, they were applied the last four classes of the program, with the duration of one month. In the seventh stage, it was accomplished the application of the questionnaire 2 again (powder-test). In the eighth stage the mothers' new filmings were accomplished with the children at the end of the course. Therefore after, the ninth stage was accomplished (Follow-up) that consisted in the evaluation of the program during the three months after the end of the interventions. The results showed that the social mothers don't obey her/it any acting pattern with relationship the children's observation. The one that the work showed was individual differences in the form of working with the children in the routine situations. Besides, they lack important information for the social mothers concerning the development in general of the children in that phase, and the importance of their proximity in the first years of the baby's life. Finally, the studiousness of the program showed to be necessary and important to minimize such problems. There was change in the degree of the mothers' knowledge on the infantile development and in the interactions with the children, and this can influence on a larger entail among mother-child.
Diversidade dos Cyclopoida (Copepoda, Crustácea) de água doce do estado de São Paulo: taxonomia, ecologia e genética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-07-30)
Silva, William Marcos da
;
Tundisi, Takako Matsumura
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7789295211200946
In the present work, the diversity of the Copepoda Cyclopoida from Sao Paulo State was studied. Samples of zooplankton were collected along with water samples were collected in 22 Hydrographic Management Units (UHGRH) of the State. Different environments, such as Reservoirs, Ponds, and Rivers were sampled totalizing 207 water bodies. All of them were positioned by using GPS. Samples of zooplankton were collected using net with 68µm of mesh size. Vertical hauls were performed in limnetic zone, while in littoral zone horizontal hauls and bucket were used. The plankton samples were preserved in formaldehyde 4%. Identifications of Cyclopoida were achieved using adult females forms. The data thus obtained were submitted to the SinBiota World Web Site where Geographical distribution of Cyclopoida was plotted to the map of the Sao Paulo State using the geographic coordinates obtained from GPS. It was compared the biodiversity and abundance of Cyclopoida in Reservoirs with different trophic degrees located in the Basins of rivers Tietê, Ribeira do Iguape, and Grande. ITS 2 sequence of DNA of the Cyclopoida was obtained for the following species: Thermcyclops decipiens, Thermocyclops inversus, Mesocyclops ogunnus and Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus. Number of chromosomes Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus was counted and a chromatin diminution observed. New Cyclopoida species, Thermocyclops n. sp., was first described and five species, Acanthocyclops robustus, Eucyclops elegans, Eucyclops cf. prinophorus, Microcyclops alius, and Mesocyclops aspericornis, were newly registered in the São Paulo State. With this, there are now 10 genera and 26 species recorded in the Sao Paulo State. A key to genres and species in the São Paulo State was proposed based on morphological differences, including draws from the anatomical characteristics which are important for taxonomy. It was proved that species identified earlier in the São Paulo State as Mesocyclops kieferi and Mesocyclops brasilianus were actually confused with species Mesocyclops ogunnus and Mesocyclops meridianus, respectively. It was found that Pacyclops fimbriatus, recorded earlier in the Broa Reservoir, is actually Pacyclops chiltoni inhabiting Sao Paulo water bodies. Thermocyclops decipiens was found to be the most broadly distributed species of the Cyclopoid recorded in 20 of 22 hydrographic units followed by Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus recorded in 16 units and Thermocyclops mintus, Mesocyclops ogunnus and Mesocyclops meridianus recorded in 15 units. Based on our observations, we concluded that, in contrast to the common opinion, highly eutrophicated Reservoirs present the highest species richness and distribution equitability as compared to oligotrophic ones. It was found that Acanthocyclops robustus, Mesocyclops ogunnus, and Thermocyclops inversus present the high abundance in eutrophic systems, along with Thermocyclops decipiens. On the other hand, Thermocyclops n. sp., as well as Thermocyclops minutus, have presented the high abundance in systems less eutrophicated streams. We found that the newly described species Thermocyclops n. sp is distributed specifically in the Basins of Ribeira do Iguape and Paraíba do Sul. ITS 2 sequence of DNA varied greatly between different species, while no significantly variation was observed between specimens of the same species. Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus was found to possess 2n = 14 chromosomes and presented the chromatin diminution in 4th egg cleavage. The present study clearly shows that the exhaustive study of the biodiversity needs the use complex approaches as taxonomy, ecology and genetics. This work is part of Biota/FAPESP program, the virtual institute of biodiversity.
Etnoentomologia no povoado de Pedra Branca, município de Santa Terezinha, Bahia. Um estudo de caso das interações seres humanos/insetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-01)
Costa Neto, Eraldo Medeiros
;
Pacheco, Josué Marques
The great diversity of insect species is perceived, classified, known, and used in different ways by many different human cultures. Considering the affective, cognitive and behavior aspects of the complex relationship that human beings maintain with these animals, an ethnoentomological research has been carried out with the dwellers of a small community from Bahia State countryside. Fieldwork was done from February to May 2001 in the village of Pedra Branca, which belongs to the town of Santa Terezinha. This town is located in the central-west region of the state. Data were obtained through open and semi-structured interviews, as well as by behavior observation by using the usual techniques of ethnographic recording. Most of the interviews were tape recorded. A total of 74 males and 79 females, whose ages ranged from 4 to 108 years old, were interviewed. Key-specialists were identified through the evidence of consolidated ethnoentomological knowledge. Results show the feelings, thoughts (knowledge and beliefs), and behaviors that intermediate the relationship between the dwellers of Pedra Branca and the local entomofauna. The following aspects were seen in the affective dimension: the perception and the emic construction of the ethnozoological dominion insect ; the negative impacts of the direct action of insects on human health; the ethnospecies considered as plagues; and the association of these animals to beneficial and/or harmful events. As for the cognitive dimension, the following aspects were observed: ethnoontogeny, biotransformation, and the natural history of those ethnospecies that were considered culturally important, such as wasps, bees, cicadas, ants, and spider wasps; an emphasis was given to the knowledge about ethnotaxonomy, distribution, phenology, ethology, abundance, seasonality, food ecology, and habitat. The behavioral dimension dealt with the usage of insects as medicines, food, toys, decorative pieces, and in rituals. It can be concluded that insects fulfill a significant meaning in the social-cultural life of the inhabitants of the Serra da Jibóia region. Their ethnoentomological knowledge manifests itself as a valuable resource that is sufficient to be taken into account in the developing process of the region, as well as in studies concerning the inventory of the local fauna.
Secagem de pêra em secador a microondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-05)
Fumagalli, Fabíola
;
Silveira, Ana Maria da
The present work has as main objective the pear drying in three different dryers: convective, microwave and microwave-convective. It is also intended to evaluate the effect of the osmotic dehydration, as pré-treatment, in the quality of the dried product. Before they be dried or dehydrated the samples passed by a mechanical treatment, which consists of peeling, seeds removing and cutting the fruit, and a chemical treatment with its immersion in solution 1,5% of ascorbic acid for 15 minutes. The stage of osmotic dehydration was carried out by analying the influence of the osmotic agent concentration (sucrose to 25; 37,5 and 50%), of the temperature (30, 40 and 50ºC), of the sample geometry (cubes, toothpicks and slices) and of the use of agitation (0 and 120 rpm) in the kinetics of the process, through the loss of water and the sucrose incorporation by the fruit. The best kinetic condition obtained, through statistical analysis of the data, was to the sample in slices dehydrated at 40ºC, with 37,5% of sucrose and without agitation, being this condition used as pretreatment to the drying. The adjustment of the experimental data was accomplished by the empirical model of Azuara (1992). The drying stage was studied for the fresh and osmotically dehydrated fruit. In this stage, the best kinetic condition was stablished based on the analysis of the influence of the kind of drying used and the power of the microwave in the moisture content of the fruit. The speed and temperature of the air was maintained constant at 2 m/s and 50ºC, and the temperature inside the sample was measured during drying. The best kinetic condition obtained was for the microwave-convective drying at 0,3W/g of osmotically dehydrated samples. The adjustment of the experimental data was accomplished by the Lewis (1921) and Page difusion models (1949). The materials and products of the osmotic dehydration and drying were analyzed concerning their quality, being the main analyses, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, water activity, density, moisture content, total solids and shrink. The results obtained were compared in terms of the drying kinetics and quality of the product, for the equipments used through statistical treatment and with available data from the literature. The osmotic dehydration had beneficial effects on the properties analyzed, giving the best results to the main components detention and maintenance of the others analyzed properties. During the drying, the quality decreases with the increase in the inner sample temperature. The shrink data adjustment, presented by the volume decrease, was well represented by the Lozano et al. (1983) model, being linearly proportional to the moisture content variation.
Influência do teor metálico na isomerização do n-hexano sobre Ni-Pt/HUSY
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-06)
Yoshioka, Carlos Minoru Nascimento
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
The isomerization of linear alcanes has arised great interest in the industry of refining of oil with the intention to transform n-paraffins (particularly with 6 and 7 carbon atoms), in iso-paraffins, since these last ones possess high index of octane number, thus improving the efficiency of the automotives engines. The great part of literature works involves the job of bifunctional catalysts that possess acid sites and hydrogenants/deshydrogenants sites. Most of the studies with the bimetallic catalysts was carried through the constant mass, what it can take the maken a mistake interpretations, in function of that, in the case of the pair Pt-Ni, the atomic weight of both metals is very different (195,09 versus 58,71). Thus being, the objective of this work is to verify the influence of the Pt in the reduction and the properties of catalysts formed for Ni+2 supported in zeolite HUSY comparing, however, catalysts that contain a constant atomic metal. In this work, catalysts monometallic bifunctional had been prepared using supported Ni or Pt in zeolite HUSY, and bimetallic contend different ratios of Ni- Pt. The addition of metals in the solid were carried through competitive ion exchange, using solutions of [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 and [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2. Three series of catalysts had been prepared: first with the total amount of atoms of 30.10-6 atg Me/gcat, second with 130.10-6 atg Me/gcat and third with 180.10-6 atg Me/gcat. The catalysts had been characterized by RTP (reduction the temperature programmed) and submitted to the catalytic evaluation in the isomerization of the n-hexane 250°C and 1 atm in an atmosphere contend a ratio H2/C6 = 9. In the RTP results, a larger reducibility of cations Ni+2 was verified when in presence of Pt, evidenced for the displacement of the peak of reduction in the monometallic catalysts front to the bimetallic. It is possible to observed also, that it has a reduction of the temperatures of reduction with the increase of Pt, indicating a lesser interaction of this metal with the support. In the isomerization reaction, a fast deactivation for the catalysts was observed only contends Ni. The bimetallic catalysts, when compared with the catalysts of Ni, they present a lower deactivation and a great final activity during 6 h reaction. The catalysts which have only Pt, compared to those catalysts which have only Ni, presented greater activity and minimal deactivation. Comparing the bimetallic catalysts with the monometallic, it was observed that catalytic bimetallic with more of 70% of Ni (9.10-6 atg of Ni) they are more active than the monometallic ones (only Pt or Ni). Evaluating it activity in function of the content of Pt, it is observed a maximum for lower content of Pt. Above of this content, an addition of Pt leads to the reduction of the initial catalytic activity.
Fotoluminescência de SrTiO3 dopado com Al, Y, Cr, V e Nb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-08)
Soledade, Luiz Edmundo Bastos
;
Longo, Elson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
It was studied the effect of the dopants, Al, Y, Cr, Nb and V, on the photoluminescent properties of films and powders of amorphous strontium titanate. With this purpose the techniques of SEM, XRD, UV/Visible spectroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence were applied to film and powder samples of strontium titanate, prepared by the Pechini method. A literature survey was undertaken upon the structure and the photoluminescent properties of 26 crystalline inorganic titanates, in which titanium displayed the sixfold, fivefold and fourfold oxygen coordinations. The fivefold oxygen coordinated compounds exhibited much higher values of excitation band energy and quenching temperature than the sixfold oxygen coordinated compounds. A recent research from LIEC confirmed, by means of XANES, the presence of fivefold oxygen coordinated titanium in the samples of amorphous titanates that presented room temperature photoluminescence. A recent quantum mechanic study of LIEC associated the titanate amorphous structure to the reduction of its theoretical gap and therefore to the increase photoluminescence intensity. In the present work, were confirmed higher values of optical bandgaps for the crystalline samples than for the amorphous samples, supporting the creation of intermediate states in the forbidden band, which were recently confirmed in the aforementioned quantum mechanic study. It can be definitively stated that amorphous strontium titanato is sensitive to the doping. Generally speaking the chromium doping presents the tendency to decrease of the wavelength of the photoluminescence emission peak, while the opposite was observed in the case of the vanadium doping. The separation of the photoluminescence spectra could be very effectively accomplished into just two gaussians. For the case of the powder and tablet samples, the peak of smaller wavelength, µ1, is located within a narrow range from 561 to 571 nm. The peak of higher wavelength, µ2, is also located within a narrow range, in this case between 637 and 651 nm. These peak values reasonably agree with the values found for samples of amorphous undoped ZT, also in the form of powders. It should not be attributed to the dopants the responsibility for the photoluminescence phenomenon of the amorphous titanates. They only create defects that can influence, positively or negatively, the photoluminescence intensity, not having contributed to the creation of a new photoluminescence center. It can be said that the doping of amorphous strontium titanate only secondarily influences the previously important photoluminescence of the amorphous undoped SrTiO3 , which presents a quenching temperature over 300K. Similar results, of such secondary importance of the doping of amorphous titanates were observed in recent works of LIEC in Er-doped lead titanate, amorphous and crystalline, and in amorphous BaTiO3/SrTiO3 doped with Cr and V.
Formação e práticas de profissionais da saúde em interação com pacientes oncológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-08)
Lopes, Alessandra de Andrade
;
Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
Appuyés sur les connaissances acquises dans la branche de l Éducation en particulier, sur celles de la formation de professeurs et d autres agents éducationnels et à la recherche d une contribution aux investigations sur interaction entre des professionnels de la santé et leurs patients, cette recherche a eu le but de favoriser la réflexion sur formation et pratiques de professionnels en interaction avec les patients porteurs d un cancer. Ainsi, on a identifié quelques pratiques usuelles et éducatives parmi des médecins, des infirmiers, des assistants sociaux, des spécialistes en réhabilitation physique et des psychologues, pour ensuite les associer aux parcours de formation professionnelle, aux expériences pratiques, aux caractéristiques de la clientèle, de l équipe, du lieu de travail et aux politiques de santé en vigueur. Pour la récolte des données sur interaction en question, on a fait appel à des entretiens individuels et à un cours de formation continuée. On a pu constater que les participants de la recherche envisageaient surtout la solution des besoins premiers: diagnostic du problème et indication aux différents traitements. Tous les participants ont abordé les pratiques éducatives de prévention des maladies et de promotion de la santé, mais celles-ci sont conditionnées au lieu et à l équipe de travail et aux politiques de santé en vigueur. La satisfaction professionnelle est déterminée par les résultats obtenus avec les patients. Les échanges d expérience et d apprentissages résultantes de l interaction du professionnel sont perçus comme des gains personnels, pourtant, ces aspects positifs ne sont pas verbalisés aux bénéficiaires et à l équipe. Le rapport interpersonnel avec le patient, sa famille et l équipe joue un rôle primordial pour les professionnels, dépendant, néanmoins, d efforts personnels acquis en dehors de la formation académique. Bien qu il y ait une valorisation des rapports interpersonnels, les professionnels se préoccupent davantage du développement technique et spécialisé qui, à leur avis, représenterait un meilleur service aux patients. Les professionnels ont évalué que les cours de graduation apprennent la théorie de la pratique et la pratique technique essentielles pour remédier aux maladies, mais ils n en donnent pas le nécessaire pour la promotion de la santé. En ce qui concerne l interaction avec les femmes porteuses de cancer de seins, on a pu remarquer que les valeurs sociales, éthiques et religieuses des spécialistes minimisent les aspects émotionnels negatives par rapport à l échec de la guérison, à l insuffisante de moyens et d équipements du service de santé et aux conflits entre les membres de l équipe. Comme résultat de la réflexion sur leurs pratiques, les professionnels ont élaboré des projets d intervention à l objectif d améliorer les conditions de travail et leur interaction avec les patients et l équipe. Dans cette recherche, on a conclu que l entretien et le cours développé ont servi d outils d investigation et de formation efficaces et que les cours de formation initiale et continuée doivent comprendre les dimensions interpersonnelles, sociales et politiques de la profession.
Hipoeliticidade global e vetores simultaneamente aproximáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-11)
Simsen, Jacson
;
Petronilho, Gerson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5917989984472668
A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a sum of squares operator to be globally hypoelliptic. This condition is expressed in terms of Diophatine approximation properties of the coefficients. The proof of the Theorem is based on L2− estimates.
Um estudo para escolha do SGBD em processos de reengenharia orientada a objetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-11)
Morais, Rinaldo Macedo de
;
Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
A process for the database management system (DBMS) choice in the forward engineering stage, in an object-oriented reengineering is presented. The process was instanced for two particular DBMSs Jasmine and Caché, which a forward engineering case study was developed. The legacy system taken as example was submitted to the reengineering process being used the Sybase relational database management system. This same system was used following the process described in this work and having the Jasmine and Caché DBMSs to data persistence. Of this way, three versions could be obtained for a same system. A comparative analysis of three versions also consists of this work.
Procedimentos para ensinar comportamento textual com base na nomeação de figuras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-13)
Paulino, Emanuelle Cristina
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
This study is part of a research program that has the main goal of developing procedures to foster reading acquisition. In the present experiment we investigated the transfer of stimulus control from pictures to printed words in the emergence of textual behavior. Participants were 42 first degree students, attending a public school, who had a history of school failure. The students were able to name the pictures and the procedure was built on this repertoire: the basic procedure consisted of pairing pictures and the printed words. Periodically, the students were presented only with printed words, to verify if and when they were able to read the words. A control procedure consisted of pairing printed words dictated words (rather than the figures). The visual stimuli (pictures and printed words) were presented within a square in the center of the monitor screen. The dictated words, previously recorded, were presented through speakers. The student s task consisted of saying the word that corresponded to the printed word on the screen. The student s oral response finished the trial and produced differential consequences (for either correct or incorrect responses). If no answer was given, the trial automatically ended after twenty seconds. Students were allocated to four experimental conditions. In the first condition (Simultaneous pairing), the visual stimuli (pictures and printed words) were simultaneously presented on the screen. In the second one (Fading), the picture was gradually faded-out along successive trials. In the third condition (Delay), the trial began with the printed word on the screen and the picture was presented some seconds later; the duration of the delay was gradually increased along successive trials. In the fourth condition (Control) a dictated word was presented, rather than the picture, simultaneously with the printed word. In all of the conditions, the teaching program was the same: 50 non-abstract words were taught and tested, divided into 5 groups of 10 words. Each block of 10 training trials alternated with a block of 10 test trials in which only the printed word was on the screen. The experiment was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1 a fixed number of training blocks was presented (5) in order to establish how much each participant acquired of the target performance. In Phase 2, the training continued until the student reached 100% of correct answers in a group of 10 words, before proceding to the next group. A reading test with the 50 taught words (retention) and 30 new words (generalization) was conducted at the end of Phase 2. For each experimental condition Simultaneous, Fading, Delay and Control, the median percentage of reading trained words at the end of Phases 1 and 2 were, respectively: 10 and 40%; 0 and 33.3%; 13.3 and 40%; and 6.3 and 40%. The increases in the percentage of correct reading from Phase 1 to Phase 2 were statistically significant in all four conditions, but there were no differences among the conditions neither in Phase 1 or Phase 2. The tests with new words, in both phases, showed that there was no reading generalization. In spite of some improvement in reading trained words, the retention of textual behavior was very low (less than 50% in all of the conditions), showing transitory effects of the teaching procedures and difficulty in the transfer of stimuli control from pictures to printed words. The inefficacy of the procedure could be due to several variables, including a blocking effect or a lack of systematic pairing between spoken words and printed words, pointed by literature as essential for the reading acquisition. However, data from the control condition, in which the dictated words were paired with printed words, showed the same performance levels and therefore rules-out this possibility and suggest the need to investigate other variables, such as the student s entrance repertoire.
Incorporação de titânio na peneira molecular Mor e suas propriedades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-14)
Fernandez, Romilda
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
The titanium incorporation in the MFI structure generated a new material, called TS-1, which showed highly active in oxidation reactions of organic compounds. A very important aspect in this titanium-silicate is that it can be used as catalytic for the oxidation in liquid phase with H2O2 as oxidant. However, the TS-1 possesses small pore diameter, which limits its application to molecules with kinetic diameter less than 5,5Å. This limitation has stimulated several investigators to study the incorporation of titanium into molecular sieves with larger pore diameter. This work has as purpose the incorporation of titanium into the structure MOR; verify the influence of the increase of the Si/Al ratio, the titanium content and source in the physical-chemical properties of this material; and finally verify the influence in the catalytic selectivity and activity in the oxidation of ciclo-hexeno with H2O2 as oxidant. The maximum Si/Al ratio in the samples of Ti-MOR prepared was of 10.5. The samples synthesized with TEOT as Ti source presented higher titanium contents in the solid that the samples synthesized with H2TiF6. The morphology of all the samples was in the form of needles. The IR spectra present a band at 960 cm-1, which was related to framework defects and not to Ti incorporation, as stated by other authors. The samples synthesized with H2TiF6 presented greater amount of pentacoordinated Ti atoms in the framework and a superior specify activity, compared to the samples synthesized with TEOT. Compared to TS-1, Ti-MOR presented higher activity in cyclohexene oxidation, however they are less selective to the epoxide.
Designação de tarefas em aplicações de multiprocessadores de processamento digital de sinal utilizando algoritmos genéticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-14)
Silva, Fabiana Simões e
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Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
This work consists in the development of genetic algorithms for the Task-to-Processo Assignment Problem in multiprocessor applications. Specifically, the objective is to find the task-to-processor assignment that minimizes the total delay in a particular multiprocessor digital signal processing architecture. We present a description of our algorithm implementations and the results found with a set of 117 randomly generated and real-life instances. The algorithms performance is compared with the results provided by a competitive dynamic list heuristic and a multiple start search algorithm. The results indicate lower delays in more than 68% of the instances, at a higher computational cost.
Preparação e caracterização de compósitos de polipirrol (LiMn2O2)/ fibra de carbono para catodos em baterias secundárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-19)
Kaibara, Patrícia Silvestre de Oliveira
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Biaggio, Sonia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
Composites of polypyrrol (Ppy) and LiMn2O4 were synthesized chronoamperometrically at 0.8 V (vs. ECS) in 0.1 mol.L-1 LiClO4 /acetonitrile (2% H2O added) electrolyte containing 0.1 mol.L-1 of the pyrrol monomer, on carbon fiber (CF) substrates. The optimum concentration of the oxide in the electrolyte was found as 0.12 g.L-1. Both the previous ultrassonic dispersion of the oxide and the electrolyte mechanic stirring during the synthesis led to the best composite properties. For comparison, other composites were also prepared: Ppy/CF; Ppy(PSS)/CF and Ppy(PSS)/LiMn2O4/CF. Electrochemical stability tests were performed by cyclic voltammetry for all composites, in the electrosynthesis electrolyte without the monomer and water as well as in 0.1 mol.L-1 LiClO4 / propilene carbonate. The morphology, coupled with elemental analysis, and the electrical properties of all composites were obtained, respectively, by SEM/EDS and impedance spectroscopy. The discharge capacity obtained for the Ppy/LiMn2O4/CF composite was 80 mA.h.g-1, about 100% higher than the one for the Ppy/CF composite. The capacity value found for Ppy(PSS)/CF was similar, but the charge/discharge runs presented a slow profile to reach the maximum steady value, which is not interesting for cathode in rechargeable batteries. On the other hand, the Ppy(PSS)/LiMn2O4/CF composite showed the smaller capacity value. Therefore, among all the analyzed composites, the one containing Ppy and LiMn2O4 presented the best performance to be used as cathodes in lithium ion batteries.
Projeto de um modelador 3D colaborativo baseado no padrão emergente MPEG-4 MU
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-19)
Duarte, Fernando Vieira
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
In the last years we have been experiencing advances in networking technologies as well as computer graphics and display technology. As a consequence, a lot of Collaborative Virtual Environments have emerged thanks to the increasing computation capabilities of desktop computers as well as the enormous growth in network bandwidth and the ubiquity of the Internet. Collaborative virtual environments for 3D modeling can be characterized by the interaction among multiple users for the creation and/or modification of shared 3D objects. These environments can be used, for instance, in the modeling and visualization of virtual prototypes in order to reduce costs in the process of products design. The challenges of building collaborative 3D modeling environments are mainly related to real-time rendering of the modified objects, as well as to users interaction with the virtual environment, and to consistency maintenance of the shared virtual environment. Only a few collaborative 3D modeling environments are found in the literature and usually their projects result in complex non standardized solutions for the collaboration among users. This work presents the implementation of a collaborative environment for 3D modeling based on the emerging MPEG-4MU (multi-user) standard. With this environment, 3D graphic scenes can be created in real-time, by multiple participants, in synchronous collaborative sessions. These scenes can be visualized in any MPEG-4 terminal, including cellulars and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Sessions control, consistency maintenance, concurrency control and 3D object locking are realized by the MSC (MUTech Session Controller) and MBK (MUTech Bookkeeper) components, through the Pilot/drone mechanism and the BIFS-Command protocol. All these components were defined by the MPEG-4 MU emerging standard and implemented by the Networked Virtual Reality Lab (LRVNet) at Federal University of São Carlos.
Sistema para tomada de decisão baseado na geração de imagens estereoscópicas e reconhecimento de padrões circulares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-20)
Takeda, Fábio Bento
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
In this work, it is presented a system for decision-making based on stereoscopic image generation and recognition of circular patterns. For stereoscopic imaging are used two low cost Web cam in canonical configuration and block correspondence, which is used to find out the correspondence between images from a scene of interest. Also, the fast Hough transform is used to recognize circular patterns, which are identified and corrected based on their diameters with depth information obtained from both stereoscopic imaging and a calibration factor. The results obtained with simulated patterns and with composed real scenes with circular patterns in varied situations of special distribution illustrate the method potentiality for decision-making in procedures, which involve circular pattern recognition.
Uma solução peer-to-peer para a implantação de jogos multiusuário baseada no padrão emergente MPEG-4 MU
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-21)
Laffranchi, Marcelo Martins
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
This work describes the implementation of a support structure to 3D virtual networked games, based on the emergent standard multiuser MPEG-4 in a Gnutella hybrid peer-to-peer network. This solution minimizes the disadvantages of the existent hybrid solutions, that they are based on proxies, which have to be re-configured whenever a new application appears in the net. For that, the code that implements the Gnutella network it was modified from way to include a service of search of games and of active sessions. Two defined components and specified by the emergent standard MPEG-4 MU were implemented and integrated into the Gnutella network for games session control and updating of the scenes. When a node designated as controller leaves, another should assume in a fast and continuous way. Those, among other challenges in the implementation of multiuser games as peer-to-peer applications, they will be discussed in this work, together with the integration of the technologies Gnutella and MPEG-4 MU. The evaluation of this implementation allowed to conclude the some topics about the adaptation of those networks in the support to applications that demand continuous collaboration, as it is the case of a 3D game in that multiples participant constantly alter the scene and also the viability of implementing a session controller in one of the nodes of the network.
End-user programming como apoio ao desenvolvimento de sistemas com realidade virtual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-22)
Balbino, Fernando Cesar
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Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
Over the years, the software industry has steadily increased software application functionalities with the idea of meeting the requirements of a large number of users with different needs and profiles. This attempt has generated innumerable problems, such as function overloads, complicating software usability and offering features that may never be used. On the other hand, the user may need functions that have not been foreseen by the applications designer or that must be implemented in response to new requirements. In that case, the end user will benefit if he can extend the functionalities of a software program or configure it according to his needs. For this reason, research in the area of EUP focuses on proposing solutions to render computer programming an easier and more accessible task, enabling the end user to extend his software s applications. EUP techniques, however, have so far not been exploited in CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tools. This project discusses the new version of the GaCIV (Configurable Templates for the Development of Virtual Reality Interfaces), a tool for building interfaces with Virtual Reality for various domain applications. The tool s new version was adapted to aid end-user programming (EUP), i.e., to allow the design of interfaces to be carried out with the direct participation of the end user. Thus, the user benefits from two standpoints: a) he has the chance to make a continuous evaluation of the usability throughout the entire creation of the interfaces; b) because he himself organizes the menu options by distributing the objects in the virtual environment, interaction with the application is more likely to be facilitated. As will be discussed throughout this project, the GaCIV tool makes important contributions to: a) human-computer interaction, mainly through the use of Virtual Reality; b) to Software Engineering, by offering the possibility of performing interface reengineering of working systems (legated and non-legated); and c) to end-user programming, an expanding research area, by offering support for the construction of interfaces with end user participation.