Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2003-08-05"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 23221

Secagem de pêra em secador a microondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-05)
Fumagalli, Fabíola
;
Silveira, Ana Maria da
The present work has as main objective the pear drying in three different dryers: convective, microwave and microwave-convective. It is also intended to evaluate the effect of the osmotic dehydration, as pré-treatment, in the quality of the dried product. Before they be dried or dehydrated the samples passed by a mechanical treatment, which consists of peeling, seeds removing and cutting the fruit, and a chemical treatment with its immersion in solution 1,5% of ascorbic acid for 15 minutes. The stage of osmotic dehydration was carried out by analying the influence of the osmotic agent concentration (sucrose to 25; 37,5 and 50%), of the temperature (30, 40 and 50ºC), of the sample geometry (cubes, toothpicks and slices) and of the use of agitation (0 and 120 rpm) in the kinetics of the process, through the loss of water and the sucrose incorporation by the fruit. The best kinetic condition obtained, through statistical analysis of the data, was to the sample in slices dehydrated at 40ºC, with 37,5% of sucrose and without agitation, being this condition used as pretreatment to the drying. The adjustment of the experimental data was accomplished by the empirical model of Azuara (1992). The drying stage was studied for the fresh and osmotically dehydrated fruit. In this stage, the best kinetic condition was stablished based on the analysis of the influence of the kind of drying used and the power of the microwave in the moisture content of the fruit. The speed and temperature of the air was maintained constant at 2 m/s and 50ºC, and the temperature inside the sample was measured during drying. The best kinetic condition obtained was for the microwave-convective drying at 0,3W/g of osmotically dehydrated samples. The adjustment of the experimental data was accomplished by the Lewis (1921) and Page difusion models (1949). The materials and products of the osmotic dehydration and drying were analyzed concerning their quality, being the main analyses, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, water activity, density, moisture content, total solids and shrink. The results obtained were compared in terms of the drying kinetics and quality of the product, for the equipments used through statistical treatment and with available data from the literature. The osmotic dehydration had beneficial effects on the properties analyzed, giving the best results to the main components detention and maintenance of the others analyzed properties. During the drying, the quality decreases with the increase in the inner sample temperature. The shrink data adjustment, presented by the volume decrease, was well represented by the Lozano et al. (1983) model, being linearly proportional to the moisture content variation.
Influência do teor metálico na isomerização do n-hexano sobre Ni-Pt/HUSY
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-06)
Yoshioka, Carlos Minoru Nascimento
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
The isomerization of linear alcanes has arised great interest in the industry of refining of oil with the intention to transform n-paraffins (particularly with 6 and 7 carbon atoms), in iso-paraffins, since these last ones possess high index of octane number, thus improving the efficiency of the automotives engines. The great part of literature works involves the job of bifunctional catalysts that possess acid sites and hydrogenants/deshydrogenants sites. Most of the studies with the bimetallic catalysts was carried through the constant mass, what it can take the maken a mistake interpretations, in function of that, in the case of the pair Pt-Ni, the atomic weight of both metals is very different (195,09 versus 58,71). Thus being, the objective of this work is to verify the influence of the Pt in the reduction and the properties of catalysts formed for Ni+2 supported in zeolite HUSY comparing, however, catalysts that contain a constant atomic metal. In this work, catalysts monometallic bifunctional had been prepared using supported Ni or Pt in zeolite HUSY, and bimetallic contend different ratios of Ni- Pt. The addition of metals in the solid were carried through competitive ion exchange, using solutions of [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 and [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2. Three series of catalysts had been prepared: first with the total amount of atoms of 30.10-6 atg Me/gcat, second with 130.10-6 atg Me/gcat and third with 180.10-6 atg Me/gcat. The catalysts had been characterized by RTP (reduction the temperature programmed) and submitted to the catalytic evaluation in the isomerization of the n-hexane 250°C and 1 atm in an atmosphere contend a ratio H2/C6 = 9. In the RTP results, a larger reducibility of cations Ni+2 was verified when in presence of Pt, evidenced for the displacement of the peak of reduction in the monometallic catalysts front to the bimetallic. It is possible to observed also, that it has a reduction of the temperatures of reduction with the increase of Pt, indicating a lesser interaction of this metal with the support. In the isomerization reaction, a fast deactivation for the catalysts was observed only contends Ni. The bimetallic catalysts, when compared with the catalysts of Ni, they present a lower deactivation and a great final activity during 6 h reaction. The catalysts which have only Pt, compared to those catalysts which have only Ni, presented greater activity and minimal deactivation. Comparing the bimetallic catalysts with the monometallic, it was observed that catalytic bimetallic with more of 70% of Ni (9.10-6 atg of Ni) they are more active than the monometallic ones (only Pt or Ni). Evaluating it activity in function of the content of Pt, it is observed a maximum for lower content of Pt. Above of this content, an addition of Pt leads to the reduction of the initial catalytic activity.
Fotoluminescência de SrTiO3 dopado com Al, Y, Cr, V e Nb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-08)
Soledade, Luiz Edmundo Bastos
;
Longo, Elson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
It was studied the effect of the dopants, Al, Y, Cr, Nb and V, on the photoluminescent properties of films and powders of amorphous strontium titanate. With this purpose the techniques of SEM, XRD, UV/Visible spectroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence were applied to film and powder samples of strontium titanate, prepared by the Pechini method. A literature survey was undertaken upon the structure and the photoluminescent properties of 26 crystalline inorganic titanates, in which titanium displayed the sixfold, fivefold and fourfold oxygen coordinations. The fivefold oxygen coordinated compounds exhibited much higher values of excitation band energy and quenching temperature than the sixfold oxygen coordinated compounds. A recent research from LIEC confirmed, by means of XANES, the presence of fivefold oxygen coordinated titanium in the samples of amorphous titanates that presented room temperature photoluminescence. A recent quantum mechanic study of LIEC associated the titanate amorphous structure to the reduction of its theoretical gap and therefore to the increase photoluminescence intensity. In the present work, were confirmed higher values of optical bandgaps for the crystalline samples than for the amorphous samples, supporting the creation of intermediate states in the forbidden band, which were recently confirmed in the aforementioned quantum mechanic study. It can be definitively stated that amorphous strontium titanato is sensitive to the doping. Generally speaking the chromium doping presents the tendency to decrease of the wavelength of the photoluminescence emission peak, while the opposite was observed in the case of the vanadium doping. The separation of the photoluminescence spectra could be very effectively accomplished into just two gaussians. For the case of the powder and tablet samples, the peak of smaller wavelength, µ1, is located within a narrow range from 561 to 571 nm. The peak of higher wavelength, µ2, is also located within a narrow range, in this case between 637 and 651 nm. These peak values reasonably agree with the values found for samples of amorphous undoped ZT, also in the form of powders. It should not be attributed to the dopants the responsibility for the photoluminescence phenomenon of the amorphous titanates. They only create defects that can influence, positively or negatively, the photoluminescence intensity, not having contributed to the creation of a new photoluminescence center. It can be said that the doping of amorphous strontium titanate only secondarily influences the previously important photoluminescence of the amorphous undoped SrTiO3 , which presents a quenching temperature over 300K. Similar results, of such secondary importance of the doping of amorphous titanates were observed in recent works of LIEC in Er-doped lead titanate, amorphous and crystalline, and in amorphous BaTiO3/SrTiO3 doped with Cr and V.
Formação e práticas de profissionais da saúde em interação com pacientes oncológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-08)
Lopes, Alessandra de Andrade
;
Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
Appuyés sur les connaissances acquises dans la branche de l Éducation en particulier, sur celles de la formation de professeurs et d autres agents éducationnels et à la recherche d une contribution aux investigations sur interaction entre des professionnels de la santé et leurs patients, cette recherche a eu le but de favoriser la réflexion sur formation et pratiques de professionnels en interaction avec les patients porteurs d un cancer. Ainsi, on a identifié quelques pratiques usuelles et éducatives parmi des médecins, des infirmiers, des assistants sociaux, des spécialistes en réhabilitation physique et des psychologues, pour ensuite les associer aux parcours de formation professionnelle, aux expériences pratiques, aux caractéristiques de la clientèle, de l équipe, du lieu de travail et aux politiques de santé en vigueur. Pour la récolte des données sur interaction en question, on a fait appel à des entretiens individuels et à un cours de formation continuée. On a pu constater que les participants de la recherche envisageaient surtout la solution des besoins premiers: diagnostic du problème et indication aux différents traitements. Tous les participants ont abordé les pratiques éducatives de prévention des maladies et de promotion de la santé, mais celles-ci sont conditionnées au lieu et à l équipe de travail et aux politiques de santé en vigueur. La satisfaction professionnelle est déterminée par les résultats obtenus avec les patients. Les échanges d expérience et d apprentissages résultantes de l interaction du professionnel sont perçus comme des gains personnels, pourtant, ces aspects positifs ne sont pas verbalisés aux bénéficiaires et à l équipe. Le rapport interpersonnel avec le patient, sa famille et l équipe joue un rôle primordial pour les professionnels, dépendant, néanmoins, d efforts personnels acquis en dehors de la formation académique. Bien qu il y ait une valorisation des rapports interpersonnels, les professionnels se préoccupent davantage du développement technique et spécialisé qui, à leur avis, représenterait un meilleur service aux patients. Les professionnels ont évalué que les cours de graduation apprennent la théorie de la pratique et la pratique technique essentielles pour remédier aux maladies, mais ils n en donnent pas le nécessaire pour la promotion de la santé. En ce qui concerne l interaction avec les femmes porteuses de cancer de seins, on a pu remarquer que les valeurs sociales, éthiques et religieuses des spécialistes minimisent les aspects émotionnels negatives par rapport à l échec de la guérison, à l insuffisante de moyens et d équipements du service de santé et aux conflits entre les membres de l équipe. Comme résultat de la réflexion sur leurs pratiques, les professionnels ont élaboré des projets d intervention à l objectif d améliorer les conditions de travail et leur interaction avec les patients et l équipe. Dans cette recherche, on a conclu que l entretien et le cours développé ont servi d outils d investigation et de formation efficaces et que les cours de formation initiale et continuée doivent comprendre les dimensions interpersonnelles, sociales et politiques de la profession.
Hipoeliticidade global e vetores simultaneamente aproximáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-11)
Simsen, Jacson
;
Petronilho, Gerson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5917989984472668
A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a sum of squares operator to be globally hypoelliptic. This condition is expressed in terms of Diophatine approximation properties of the coefficients. The proof of the Theorem is based on L2− estimates.
Um estudo para escolha do SGBD em processos de reengenharia orientada a objetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-11)
Morais, Rinaldo Macedo de
;
Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
A process for the database management system (DBMS) choice in the forward engineering stage, in an object-oriented reengineering is presented. The process was instanced for two particular DBMSs Jasmine and Caché, which a forward engineering case study was developed. The legacy system taken as example was submitted to the reengineering process being used the Sybase relational database management system. This same system was used following the process described in this work and having the Jasmine and Caché DBMSs to data persistence. Of this way, three versions could be obtained for a same system. A comparative analysis of three versions also consists of this work.
Procedimentos para ensinar comportamento textual com base na nomeação de figuras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-13)
Paulino, Emanuelle Cristina
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
This study is part of a research program that has the main goal of developing procedures to foster reading acquisition. In the present experiment we investigated the transfer of stimulus control from pictures to printed words in the emergence of textual behavior. Participants were 42 first degree students, attending a public school, who had a history of school failure. The students were able to name the pictures and the procedure was built on this repertoire: the basic procedure consisted of pairing pictures and the printed words. Periodically, the students were presented only with printed words, to verify if and when they were able to read the words. A control procedure consisted of pairing printed words dictated words (rather than the figures). The visual stimuli (pictures and printed words) were presented within a square in the center of the monitor screen. The dictated words, previously recorded, were presented through speakers. The student s task consisted of saying the word that corresponded to the printed word on the screen. The student s oral response finished the trial and produced differential consequences (for either correct or incorrect responses). If no answer was given, the trial automatically ended after twenty seconds. Students were allocated to four experimental conditions. In the first condition (Simultaneous pairing), the visual stimuli (pictures and printed words) were simultaneously presented on the screen. In the second one (Fading), the picture was gradually faded-out along successive trials. In the third condition (Delay), the trial began with the printed word on the screen and the picture was presented some seconds later; the duration of the delay was gradually increased along successive trials. In the fourth condition (Control) a dictated word was presented, rather than the picture, simultaneously with the printed word. In all of the conditions, the teaching program was the same: 50 non-abstract words were taught and tested, divided into 5 groups of 10 words. Each block of 10 training trials alternated with a block of 10 test trials in which only the printed word was on the screen. The experiment was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1 a fixed number of training blocks was presented (5) in order to establish how much each participant acquired of the target performance. In Phase 2, the training continued until the student reached 100% of correct answers in a group of 10 words, before proceding to the next group. A reading test with the 50 taught words (retention) and 30 new words (generalization) was conducted at the end of Phase 2. For each experimental condition Simultaneous, Fading, Delay and Control, the median percentage of reading trained words at the end of Phases 1 and 2 were, respectively: 10 and 40%; 0 and 33.3%; 13.3 and 40%; and 6.3 and 40%. The increases in the percentage of correct reading from Phase 1 to Phase 2 were statistically significant in all four conditions, but there were no differences among the conditions neither in Phase 1 or Phase 2. The tests with new words, in both phases, showed that there was no reading generalization. In spite of some improvement in reading trained words, the retention of textual behavior was very low (less than 50% in all of the conditions), showing transitory effects of the teaching procedures and difficulty in the transfer of stimuli control from pictures to printed words. The inefficacy of the procedure could be due to several variables, including a blocking effect or a lack of systematic pairing between spoken words and printed words, pointed by literature as essential for the reading acquisition. However, data from the control condition, in which the dictated words were paired with printed words, showed the same performance levels and therefore rules-out this possibility and suggest the need to investigate other variables, such as the student s entrance repertoire.
Incorporação de titânio na peneira molecular Mor e suas propriedades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-14)
Fernandez, Romilda
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
The titanium incorporation in the MFI structure generated a new material, called TS-1, which showed highly active in oxidation reactions of organic compounds. A very important aspect in this titanium-silicate is that it can be used as catalytic for the oxidation in liquid phase with H2O2 as oxidant. However, the TS-1 possesses small pore diameter, which limits its application to molecules with kinetic diameter less than 5,5Å. This limitation has stimulated several investigators to study the incorporation of titanium into molecular sieves with larger pore diameter. This work has as purpose the incorporation of titanium into the structure MOR; verify the influence of the increase of the Si/Al ratio, the titanium content and source in the physical-chemical properties of this material; and finally verify the influence in the catalytic selectivity and activity in the oxidation of ciclo-hexeno with H2O2 as oxidant. The maximum Si/Al ratio in the samples of Ti-MOR prepared was of 10.5. The samples synthesized with TEOT as Ti source presented higher titanium contents in the solid that the samples synthesized with H2TiF6. The morphology of all the samples was in the form of needles. The IR spectra present a band at 960 cm-1, which was related to framework defects and not to Ti incorporation, as stated by other authors. The samples synthesized with H2TiF6 presented greater amount of pentacoordinated Ti atoms in the framework and a superior specify activity, compared to the samples synthesized with TEOT. Compared to TS-1, Ti-MOR presented higher activity in cyclohexene oxidation, however they are less selective to the epoxide.
Designação de tarefas em aplicações de multiprocessadores de processamento digital de sinal utilizando algoritmos genéticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-14)
Silva, Fabiana Simões e
;
Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
This work consists in the development of genetic algorithms for the Task-to-Processo Assignment Problem in multiprocessor applications. Specifically, the objective is to find the task-to-processor assignment that minimizes the total delay in a particular multiprocessor digital signal processing architecture. We present a description of our algorithm implementations and the results found with a set of 117 randomly generated and real-life instances. The algorithms performance is compared with the results provided by a competitive dynamic list heuristic and a multiple start search algorithm. The results indicate lower delays in more than 68% of the instances, at a higher computational cost.
Preparação e caracterização de compósitos de polipirrol (LiMn2O2)/ fibra de carbono para catodos em baterias secundárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-19)
Kaibara, Patrícia Silvestre de Oliveira
;
Biaggio, Sonia Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
Composites of polypyrrol (Ppy) and LiMn2O4 were synthesized chronoamperometrically at 0.8 V (vs. ECS) in 0.1 mol.L-1 LiClO4 /acetonitrile (2% H2O added) electrolyte containing 0.1 mol.L-1 of the pyrrol monomer, on carbon fiber (CF) substrates. The optimum concentration of the oxide in the electrolyte was found as 0.12 g.L-1. Both the previous ultrassonic dispersion of the oxide and the electrolyte mechanic stirring during the synthesis led to the best composite properties. For comparison, other composites were also prepared: Ppy/CF; Ppy(PSS)/CF and Ppy(PSS)/LiMn2O4/CF. Electrochemical stability tests were performed by cyclic voltammetry for all composites, in the electrosynthesis electrolyte without the monomer and water as well as in 0.1 mol.L-1 LiClO4 / propilene carbonate. The morphology, coupled with elemental analysis, and the electrical properties of all composites were obtained, respectively, by SEM/EDS and impedance spectroscopy. The discharge capacity obtained for the Ppy/LiMn2O4/CF composite was 80 mA.h.g-1, about 100% higher than the one for the Ppy/CF composite. The capacity value found for Ppy(PSS)/CF was similar, but the charge/discharge runs presented a slow profile to reach the maximum steady value, which is not interesting for cathode in rechargeable batteries. On the other hand, the Ppy(PSS)/LiMn2O4/CF composite showed the smaller capacity value. Therefore, among all the analyzed composites, the one containing Ppy and LiMn2O4 presented the best performance to be used as cathodes in lithium ion batteries.
Projeto de um modelador 3D colaborativo baseado no padrão emergente MPEG-4 MU
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-19)
Duarte, Fernando Vieira
;
Araujo, Regina Borges de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
In the last years we have been experiencing advances in networking technologies as well as computer graphics and display technology. As a consequence, a lot of Collaborative Virtual Environments have emerged thanks to the increasing computation capabilities of desktop computers as well as the enormous growth in network bandwidth and the ubiquity of the Internet. Collaborative virtual environments for 3D modeling can be characterized by the interaction among multiple users for the creation and/or modification of shared 3D objects. These environments can be used, for instance, in the modeling and visualization of virtual prototypes in order to reduce costs in the process of products design. The challenges of building collaborative 3D modeling environments are mainly related to real-time rendering of the modified objects, as well as to users interaction with the virtual environment, and to consistency maintenance of the shared virtual environment. Only a few collaborative 3D modeling environments are found in the literature and usually their projects result in complex non standardized solutions for the collaboration among users. This work presents the implementation of a collaborative environment for 3D modeling based on the emerging MPEG-4MU (multi-user) standard. With this environment, 3D graphic scenes can be created in real-time, by multiple participants, in synchronous collaborative sessions. These scenes can be visualized in any MPEG-4 terminal, including cellulars and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Sessions control, consistency maintenance, concurrency control and 3D object locking are realized by the MSC (MUTech Session Controller) and MBK (MUTech Bookkeeper) components, through the Pilot/drone mechanism and the BIFS-Command protocol. All these components were defined by the MPEG-4 MU emerging standard and implemented by the Networked Virtual Reality Lab (LRVNet) at Federal University of São Carlos.
Sistema para tomada de decisão baseado na geração de imagens estereoscópicas e reconhecimento de padrões circulares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-20)
Takeda, Fábio Bento
;
Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
In this work, it is presented a system for decision-making based on stereoscopic image generation and recognition of circular patterns. For stereoscopic imaging are used two low cost Web cam in canonical configuration and block correspondence, which is used to find out the correspondence between images from a scene of interest. Also, the fast Hough transform is used to recognize circular patterns, which are identified and corrected based on their diameters with depth information obtained from both stereoscopic imaging and a calibration factor. The results obtained with simulated patterns and with composed real scenes with circular patterns in varied situations of special distribution illustrate the method potentiality for decision-making in procedures, which involve circular pattern recognition.
Uma solução peer-to-peer para a implantação de jogos multiusuário baseada no padrão emergente MPEG-4 MU
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-21)
Laffranchi, Marcelo Martins
;
Araujo, Regina Borges de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
This work describes the implementation of a support structure to 3D virtual networked games, based on the emergent standard multiuser MPEG-4 in a Gnutella hybrid peer-to-peer network. This solution minimizes the disadvantages of the existent hybrid solutions, that they are based on proxies, which have to be re-configured whenever a new application appears in the net. For that, the code that implements the Gnutella network it was modified from way to include a service of search of games and of active sessions. Two defined components and specified by the emergent standard MPEG-4 MU were implemented and integrated into the Gnutella network for games session control and updating of the scenes. When a node designated as controller leaves, another should assume in a fast and continuous way. Those, among other challenges in the implementation of multiuser games as peer-to-peer applications, they will be discussed in this work, together with the integration of the technologies Gnutella and MPEG-4 MU. The evaluation of this implementation allowed to conclude the some topics about the adaptation of those networks in the support to applications that demand continuous collaboration, as it is the case of a 3D game in that multiples participant constantly alter the scene and also the viability of implementing a session controller in one of the nodes of the network.
End-user programming como apoio ao desenvolvimento de sistemas com realidade virtual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-22)
Balbino, Fernando Cesar
;
Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
Over the years, the software industry has steadily increased software application functionalities with the idea of meeting the requirements of a large number of users with different needs and profiles. This attempt has generated innumerable problems, such as function overloads, complicating software usability and offering features that may never be used. On the other hand, the user may need functions that have not been foreseen by the applications designer or that must be implemented in response to new requirements. In that case, the end user will benefit if he can extend the functionalities of a software program or configure it according to his needs. For this reason, research in the area of EUP focuses on proposing solutions to render computer programming an easier and more accessible task, enabling the end user to extend his software s applications. EUP techniques, however, have so far not been exploited in CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tools. This project discusses the new version of the GaCIV (Configurable Templates for the Development of Virtual Reality Interfaces), a tool for building interfaces with Virtual Reality for various domain applications. The tool s new version was adapted to aid end-user programming (EUP), i.e., to allow the design of interfaces to be carried out with the direct participation of the end user. Thus, the user benefits from two standpoints: a) he has the chance to make a continuous evaluation of the usability throughout the entire creation of the interfaces; b) because he himself organizes the menu options by distributing the objects in the virtual environment, interaction with the application is more likely to be facilitated. As will be discussed throughout this project, the GaCIV tool makes important contributions to: a) human-computer interaction, mainly through the use of Virtual Reality; b) to Software Engineering, by offering the possibility of performing interface reengineering of working systems (legated and non-legated); and c) to end-user programming, an expanding research area, by offering support for the construction of interfaces with end user participation.
A contribuição do jogo teatral para o desenvolvimento da criança pré-escolar: uma análise na perspectiva histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-22)
Boriollo, Beatriz de Cássia
;
Basso, Itacy Salgado
The intention of this work was to investigate how the activities of theater, carried out in the pre-schools of Infant Education could contribute to the child s development. The approach used in this investigation was the Cultural history of the School of Vigotski and its collaborators. The first discussed point was the meaning of creation and how this could happen in the infancy. The second step was to study the child s development through this theoretical referential prioritizing the concepts that should guide the work with theater in the Infant Education. They are: the concept of the main activity and the concept of the Zone of the Next Development. Understanding the concept of the main activity as the activity responsible for significant changes in the main psychic functions, since the main activity in the pre-school is the role-play, I emphasize its characteristics and differentiate it from the theatrical activity. The contribution of the role-play and the theatrical activities to the child s development lies in the fact that they propitiate the child to carry out tasks and to live situations that he normally still could not live using his psychic functions in development. Thus, the work of the teacher in the theatrical activities and the role-play must be to orient in order to create the Zone of the next Development of the child. The next step was to investigate how the theatrical activity and the role-play happen in the Infant Education. This way I opted to carry out a qualitative research, through semi-structured interviews with eight teachers of Infant Education of three municipal schools (EMEIs) of São Carlos. The analysis indicated that the work with theater performed by the interviewed teachers is little valued and is based on the concept of Theater, Education and Child of each professional. It was also pointed the lack of autonomy of the professionals and a theoretical background that can improve the pedagogical practice in relation to the theatrical activity as well as to the role play. The need of an initial training of the teacher and a continued training is finally discussed to justify the theatrical work as a pedagogical procedure, mainly, as an activity that creates the Zone of Next Development.
Relações genéticas entre plantéis de reprodutores do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei, através do seqüenciamento dos genes RNAr 16S e COI do DNAmt
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-22)
Francisco, Ana Karina de
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
The evaluation of genetic relationships among broodstocks is a useful tool for culture management programs. In the present work, the relationships amongst four broodstocks of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were established based on sequencing of 16S rRNA and COI regions from mtDNA. Farfantepenaeus subtilis was used as outgoup in mtDNA analysis. No divergence was found when sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were compared, likely due to the conservativeness of such region. Otherwise, at the dendrogram obtained from COI gene sequencing, clustering between Aqua-044 and Aqua-045 broodstocks and between Aqua-046 and Aqua-051 broodstocks was observed. The formation of these groupings may be related to the origin of the broodstocks as well as to the effects of genetic drift suffered by the founder populations. The results obtained in the present work may constitute a very useful tool for the delineation of more appropriate management programs for the analyzed broodstocks.
Hidrólise controlada de proteínas do soro de queijo usando carboxipeptidase A e alcalase® imobilizadas multipontualmente em agarose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-22)
Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
High value food protein hydrolysates can be obtained by sequential hydrolysis of proteins with trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A (CPA) and Alcalase® (commercial preparation of subtilisin). For the process to be economically feasible, immobilized and stabilized enzymes should be used, and the kinetics of the reactions with this kind of biocatalyst must be known. To contribute to the development of such a process, this work focused on preparing stable CPA and Alcalase® derivatives, and on studying the kinetics of hydrolysis of polypeptides. These polypeptides were produced after the sequential hydrolysis of cheese whey proteins with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Cross-linked agarose beads (6% w/w for CPA, and 10% w/w for Alcalase®) were used as immobilization support, and different methods of activation and immobilization conditions were studied. A highly activated glyoxyl-agarose support (75 and 210 µeqv of aldehyde groups per milliliter of support, respectively for CPA and Alcalase®), 25oC, pH 10.05, and longer contact time (48 hours for CPA and 96 hours for Alcalase®), provided the best derivatives. CPA-glyoxyl agarose-6% and Alcalase®-glyoxyl agarose-10% derivatives were ca. 213- and 515-fold more stable than the soluble enzymes. These stabilized derivatives retained 42% (for CPA-glyoxyl agarose- 6%) and 54% (for Alcalase®-glyoxyl agarose-10%) of the immobilized activity, assessed with small substrates (hippuryl-L-Phe for CPA, and Boc-Ala-ONp for Alcalase®) and large substrates (Phe carboxy-terminal polypeptides for CPA, and casein for Alcalase®). These results showed that all activity losses were caused by the distortion of the immobilized enzyme molecule, due to the enzyme-support multi-interaction. Derivatives prepared using glutaraldehyde-agarose presented spatial hindrances when hydrolysis of macromolecular substrates was taking place. The amino acid analysis of acid hydrolysates of the soluble and immobilized enzymes (for the more stable derivatives) showed that ca. 30 and 40%, for CPA and Alcalase®, of the lysine residues were linked to the support, suggesting that there is intense multi-point interactions between enzyme and support, through covalent linkages. The temperatures for maximum hydrolysis rates, using respectively stabilized CPA and Alcalase® derivatives, were 20oC and 10oC higher than the ones obtained using soluble enzymes. The most stable CPA-glyoxyl derivative could efficiently be used for polypeptides (cheese whey proteins hydrolyzed with trypsin and chymotrypsin) hydrolysis at high temperatures (e.g., 60oC), releasing ca. 2-fold more aromatic amino acids (Tyr, Phe and Trp) than the soluble enzyme, under the same operational conditions. The casein degree of hydrolysis, at 80oC, obtained using the most stable Alcalase®-glyoxyl derivative, was 2-fold higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme. Hence, the produced derivatives allow the design of a continuous process for the production of protein hydrolysates, which are composed of small peptides and have a low concentration of aromatic amino acids. This process can use higher temperature, avoiding microbial growth in the reaction medium. The C-terminal residues hydrolysis at 45oC (pH 7.0), catalyzed by CPA-glyoxyl, could be adequately represented by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with substrate and product inhibition. The kinetic model was expressed in terms of C-terminal peptide bonds that can be hydrolyzed by CPA, regardless of the amino acid released. The concentration of each released amino acid as a function of the time of reaction could be well fitted by empirical models (hyperbolic or exponential decay). Hence, from the kinetics of total hydrolysis, it is possible to estimate the concentration of each amino acid as function of time. The hydrolysis catalyzed by the highly-loaded CPA-glyoxyl agarose-6% derivative was not limited by intra-particle diffusion resistance. The hydrolysis of peptides (long-time batch) at 50oC (pH 9.5), catalyzed by Alcalase®-glyoxyl agarose-10% derivative, could be adequately represented by Michaelis-Menten kinetics with product inhibition, and the kinetic parameters Vmax, KM e KI were correlated against the substrate initial degree of hydrolysis (total degree of hydrolysis obtained by previous action of trypsin and chymotrypsin on cheese whey proteins). Long-time batch hydrolyses, catalyzed by highly-loaded Alcalase-glyoxyl agarose-10% derivative, presented diffusion effects, with effectiveness coefficient, ηI, of ca. 0.5.
Reuso de componentes para interfaces com realidade virtual apoiado pelo ambiente GaCIV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-25)
Albertin, José Carlos Lazzari
;
Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
This work presents the GaCIV Computational Environment (Configurable Templates for Development of Virtual Reality Interfaces) for building interfaces with non-immersive Virtual Reality for applications in different domains. This new version supports software component reuse, allowing project of friendlier interfaces with virtual reality, with usability and praticity.
Recuperação de documentos baseados em informação semântica no ambiente AMMO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-25)
Corrêa, Adriana Cristina Giusti
;
Vieira, Marina Teresa Pires
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5446518523049572
This study presents techniques used for extracting semantic information from texts and strategies for semantic information-based document retrieval. These techniques and strategies have been adopted so as to develop a Document Manipulation System based on Semantic Information. Previously established values of similarity and relevance are used in the document retrieval process.. The organization of semantic information, user interfaces, manipulation of imprecise information and the extraction and retrieval mechanism are discussed. The impreciseness in the semantic information is treated through similarity values in order to compare the query´spredicates with the database results. Relevance values specified for the query´s predicates have been used to classify the resulting documents. A prototype of the system has been developed. This prototype can be incorporated into the AMMO environment (Authoring and Manipulation of Multimedia Objects), whose aim is to provide resources for creating, storing and manipulating multimedia applications.
Representações sociais e meio ambiente: participação de um grupo de mulheres no planejamento de uma intervenção de educação ambiental popular urbana em Manaus, Amazonas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-25)
Storey, Christine
;
Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
The central argument of this thesis is to promote the importance of observing peoples’ understanding of their environment in order to develop a popular environmental education programme with rather than for them, one that fosters participatory solidarity. As such, ecofeminismo and the theory of social representations have been explored as possible theories and practices to assist environmental educators in this task. This has been approached in three articles the first of which is about the theory and practice of ecofeminismo as possible directions for environmental education. As ecofeminism offers elements to understand the complex power interrelations and the increasing environmental inequalities that exist in contemporary society. Furthermore it proposes the deconstruction of the dualities that permeate our society and feed such inequalities. In the same direction, in the second article we present a research paper that applied the theory of social representations to assist in interpreting of the lifestyles, perceived needs and environmental activities, with a group of 10 urban women from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The interpretation of the environmental social representations revealed some of the women's environmental practices and understanding, and that religion, situation, media, identity and cultural heritage are five mediators that influence the production of such representations. The results offered important information on the participants' theoretical frameworks; the final task was to verify if such data would assist in planning a popular environmental education intervention. The third article is a report on such a verification, which occurred during a workshop with a larger number of residents from the same neighbourhood. In which three themes detected in the research results were presented to the participants for them to choose one for the educational intervention. Handicrafts were selected and the intervention is at the present moment in full activity. This confirms, that although the theory of social representations cannot solve all the difficulties that environmental education faces in an unsustainable society; it can, assist in understanding people better and from this promote the construction of solidarity. The expected outcome is that the three papers bring elements to be debated within environmental education. Also that the group the women formed will flourish permitting them to grow together.