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A contribuição do jogo teatral para o desenvolvimento da criança pré-escolar: uma análise na perspectiva histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-22) Boriollo, Beatriz de Cássia; Basso, Itacy Salgado
The intention of this work was to investigate how the activities of theater, carried out in the pre-schools of Infant Education could contribute to the child s development. The approach used in this investigation was the Cultural history of the School of Vigotski and its collaborators. The first discussed point was the meaning of creation and how this could happen in the infancy. The second step was to study the child s development through this theoretical referential prioritizing the concepts that should guide the work with theater in the Infant Education. They are: the concept of the main activity and the concept of the Zone of the Next Development. Understanding the concept of the main activity as the activity responsible for significant changes in the main psychic functions, since the main activity in the pre-school is the role-play, I emphasize its characteristics and differentiate it from the theatrical activity. The contribution of the role-play and the theatrical activities to the child s development lies in the fact that they propitiate the child to carry out tasks and to live situations that he normally still could not live using his psychic functions in development. Thus, the work of the teacher in the theatrical activities and the role-play must be to orient in order to create the Zone of the next Development of the child. The next step was to investigate how the theatrical activity and the role-play happen in the Infant Education. This way I opted to carry out a qualitative research, through semi-structured interviews with eight teachers of Infant Education of three municipal schools (EMEIs) of São Carlos. The analysis indicated that the work with theater performed by the interviewed teachers is little valued and is based on the concept of Theater, Education and Child of each professional. It was also pointed the lack of autonomy of the professionals and a theoretical background that can improve the pedagogical practice in relation to the theatrical activity as well as to the role play. The need of an initial training of the teacher and a continued training is finally discussed to justify the theatrical work as a pedagogical procedure, mainly, as an activity that creates the Zone of Next Development.
End-user programming como apoio ao desenvolvimento de sistemas com realidade virtual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-22) Balbino, Fernando Cesar; Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
Over the years, the software industry has steadily increased software application functionalities with the idea of meeting the requirements of a large number of users with different needs and profiles. This attempt has generated innumerable problems, such as function overloads, complicating software usability and offering features that may never be used. On the other hand, the user may need functions that have not been foreseen by the applications designer or that must be implemented in response to new requirements. In that case, the end user will benefit if he can extend the functionalities of a software program or configure it according to his needs. For this reason, research in the area of EUP focuses on proposing solutions to render computer programming an easier and more accessible task, enabling the end user to extend his software s applications. EUP techniques, however, have so far not been exploited in CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tools. This project discusses the new version of the GaCIV (Configurable Templates for the Development of Virtual Reality Interfaces), a tool for building interfaces with Virtual Reality for various domain applications. The tool s new version was adapted to aid end-user programming (EUP), i.e., to allow the design of interfaces to be carried out with the direct participation of the end user. Thus, the user benefits from two standpoints: a) he has the chance to make a continuous evaluation of the usability throughout the entire creation of the interfaces; b) because he himself organizes the menu options by distributing the objects in the virtual environment, interaction with the application is more likely to be facilitated. As will be discussed throughout this project, the GaCIV tool makes important contributions to: a) human-computer interaction, mainly through the use of Virtual Reality; b) to Software Engineering, by offering the possibility of performing interface reengineering of working systems (legated and non-legated); and c) to end-user programming, an expanding research area, by offering support for the construction of interfaces with end user participation.
Hidrólise controlada de proteínas do soro de queijo usando carboxipeptidase A e alcalase® imobilizadas multipontualmente em agarose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-22) Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
High value food protein hydrolysates can be obtained by sequential hydrolysis of proteins with trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A (CPA) and Alcalase® (commercial preparation of subtilisin). For the process to be economically feasible, immobilized and stabilized enzymes should be used, and the kinetics of the reactions with this kind of biocatalyst must be known. To contribute to the development of such a process, this work focused on preparing stable CPA and Alcalase® derivatives, and on studying the kinetics of hydrolysis of polypeptides. These polypeptides were produced after the sequential hydrolysis of cheese whey proteins with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Cross-linked agarose beads (6% w/w for CPA, and 10% w/w for Alcalase®) were used as immobilization support, and different methods of activation and immobilization conditions were studied. A highly activated glyoxyl-agarose support (75 and 210 µeqv of aldehyde groups per milliliter of support, respectively for CPA and Alcalase®), 25oC, pH 10.05, and longer contact time (48 hours for CPA and 96 hours for Alcalase®), provided the best derivatives. CPA-glyoxyl agarose-6% and Alcalase®-glyoxyl agarose-10% derivatives were ca. 213- and 515-fold more stable than the soluble enzymes. These stabilized derivatives retained 42% (for CPA-glyoxyl agarose- 6%) and 54% (for Alcalase®-glyoxyl agarose-10%) of the immobilized activity, assessed with small substrates (hippuryl-L-Phe for CPA, and Boc-Ala-ONp for Alcalase®) and large substrates (Phe carboxy-terminal polypeptides for CPA, and casein for Alcalase®). These results showed that all activity losses were caused by the distortion of the immobilized enzyme molecule, due to the enzyme-support multi-interaction. Derivatives prepared using glutaraldehyde-agarose presented spatial hindrances when hydrolysis of macromolecular substrates was taking place. The amino acid analysis of acid hydrolysates of the soluble and immobilized enzymes (for the more stable derivatives) showed that ca. 30 and 40%, for CPA and Alcalase®, of the lysine residues were linked to the support, suggesting that there is intense multi-point interactions between enzyme and support, through covalent linkages. The temperatures for maximum hydrolysis rates, using respectively stabilized CPA and Alcalase® derivatives, were 20oC and 10oC higher than the ones obtained using soluble enzymes. The most stable CPA-glyoxyl derivative could efficiently be used for polypeptides (cheese whey proteins hydrolyzed with trypsin and chymotrypsin) hydrolysis at high temperatures (e.g., 60oC), releasing ca. 2-fold more aromatic amino acids (Tyr, Phe and Trp) than the soluble enzyme, under the same operational conditions. The casein degree of hydrolysis, at 80oC, obtained using the most stable Alcalase®-glyoxyl derivative, was 2-fold higher than the one obtained with the soluble enzyme. Hence, the produced derivatives allow the design of a continuous process for the production of protein hydrolysates, which are composed of small peptides and have a low concentration of aromatic amino acids. This process can use higher temperature, avoiding microbial growth in the reaction medium. The C-terminal residues hydrolysis at 45oC (pH 7.0), catalyzed by CPA-glyoxyl, could be adequately represented by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with substrate and product inhibition. The kinetic model was expressed in terms of C-terminal peptide bonds that can be hydrolyzed by CPA, regardless of the amino acid released. The concentration of each released amino acid as a function of the time of reaction could be well fitted by empirical models (hyperbolic or exponential decay). Hence, from the kinetics of total hydrolysis, it is possible to estimate the concentration of each amino acid as function of time. The hydrolysis catalyzed by the highly-loaded CPA-glyoxyl agarose-6% derivative was not limited by intra-particle diffusion resistance. The hydrolysis of peptides (long-time batch) at 50oC (pH 9.5), catalyzed by Alcalase®-glyoxyl agarose-10% derivative, could be adequately represented by Michaelis-Menten kinetics with product inhibition, and the kinetic parameters Vmax, KM e KI were correlated against the substrate initial degree of hydrolysis (total degree of hydrolysis obtained by previous action of trypsin and chymotrypsin on cheese whey proteins). Long-time batch hydrolyses, catalyzed by highly-loaded Alcalase-glyoxyl agarose-10% derivative, presented diffusion effects, with effectiveness coefficient, ηI, of ca. 0.5.
Relações genéticas entre plantéis de reprodutores do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei, através do seqüenciamento dos genes RNAr 16S e COI do DNAmt
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-08-22) Francisco, Ana Karina de; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
The evaluation of genetic relationships among broodstocks is a useful tool for culture management programs. In the present work, the relationships amongst four broodstocks of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were established based on sequencing of 16S rRNA and COI regions from mtDNA. Farfantepenaeus subtilis was used as outgoup in mtDNA analysis. No divergence was found when sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were compared, likely due to the conservativeness of such region. Otherwise, at the dendrogram obtained from COI gene sequencing, clustering between Aqua-044 and Aqua-045 broodstocks and between Aqua-046 and Aqua-051 broodstocks was observed. The formation of these groupings may be related to the origin of the broodstocks as well as to the effects of genetic drift suffered by the founder populations. The results obtained in the present work may constitute a very useful tool for the delineation of more appropriate management programs for the analyzed broodstocks.