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Modelagem da circulação de um reservatório tropical polimítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-06)
Rio, Cristina Maria Magalhães Granadeiro
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
Environmental pulses occur very often in warm polymitic reservoirs and, together with shifts in the operational rules, lead to large internal temporal variability. The focus of this work was: (i) to evaluate the main characteristics and the complexity of physical processes during short-time events in a warm polymitic water body, Lobo (Broa) reservoir, and; (ii) to examine the potential of a hydrostatic three-dimensional (3D) numerical model at a coarse grid resolution to simulate correctly mixing and transport during short-time events in a warm polymitic reservoir. In this study we conducted two field experiments. In March-April 2001 a first collaborative field experiment, with intensive measurements that included both biological and physical processes, was realized in Lobo reservoir. During the 16 days experiment, a large spectrum of environmental conditions occurred: a storm, calm weather with moderate winds and the passage of a cold front. In May 2003 we conducted a second field experiment, also with intensive measurements, however focusing on the spatial variability of temperature and other variables in Lobo reservoir. A diurnal variation study was performed in both experiments. The 3D Estuary and Lake Computer Model was applied to modeling Lobo reservoir, S ao Paulo - Brazil, and was compared with data from both experiments. The reservoir spatial heterogeneity and rapid response to various pulses and diel patterns of heating and cooling were well reproduced by the numerical model. Thus, this can be a valuable tool for understanding evolution of the thermodynamics in a warm polymitic reservoir. Finally, in this work we highlight few inherent characteristics of polymitic reservoirs, which were found to be very important for the establishment of monitoring plans and the reservoir management.
Separação de ampicilina produzida enzimaticamente por reação entre éster metílico de fenilglicina e ácido 6-aminopenicilânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-07)
Vieira, Marcelo Fernandes
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
The separation/concentration process of the products obtained from the enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin (AMP) catalyzed by immobilized penicillin G acylase was the focus of this Thesis. Hydrophobic resin adsorption and isoelectric precipitation were the processes herein evaluated. The antibiotic was produced in the solid phase, from 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME), and phenylglice (PG) was an undesired product. The immobilized enzyme was retained in the reactor by a sieve and the precipitated products formed (AMP and PG) were withdrawn and further dissolved at alkaline pH. After a filtration step, PG crystals were retrieved. In a second step, AMP crystals could be obtained by isoelectric precipitation. A combined process for separation/concentration of AMP, using isoelectric precipitation and hydrophobic adsorption, was put forth. The isolectric points of the molecules involved in the enzymatic synthesis were determined. In addition, the pH influence (range 5.5-7.5) on the solubility of the compounds was assessed. The results, in accordance with the literature, have shown that a pH increase leaded to an increase of the solubility of AMP and 6-APA. On the other hand, PGME solubility decreased with pH, while PG solubility was practically constant in this pH range. The adsorption efficiency and selectivity of three hydrophobic commercial resins XAD-4, XAD-7 and XAD-761 (Rohm and Haas) were evaluated at different pHs for the separation of dissolved products and unconverted reactants. Batch experiments were carried out to determine which resin had higher AMP adsorption capacity and higher selectivity (AMP/PG), at different pHs. XAD-4 was chosen: it presented higher selectivity (maximum AMP/PG = 7,0 at pH 8.5) and adsorption capacity (maximum 455 mg of AMP/g of resin, at pH 6.5). Equilibrium adsorption models were fitted: linear and Langmuir models represented PG and AMP adsorption on XAD-4 resin at pH 6.5, respectively. In a parallel work, our research group has decided to integrate synthesis and separation (precipitation of the products) in the enzymatic reactor: AMP and PG were in solid phase, and the immobilized enzyme was separated by sieving. Consequently, a combined process using isolectric precipitation and hydrophobic adsorption to separate/concentrate the AMP coming from enzymatic synthesis, with PG as impurity, was proposed. Based on the physical-chemical properties of the components, the separation process started by the elevation of pH, aiming at dissolving all AMP crystals, together with a minimum of PG crystals. Better results were obtained using pH 8.5. After filtration, un-dissolved PG was obtained. In a second step, the pH it was brought to the AMP isolectric point, causing its precipitation. Two acids and two temperatures were evaluated in this step: chloridric and sulfuric acid, 4 and 250C. Better results were obtained at 40C. No significant difference observed between the two acids. AMP crystals had purity above 97% at 40C. The following step was the separation/concentration of the mother solution, composed by a mixture of AMP and PG, using in a fixed bed of XAD-4 resin. Previously, adsorption constants, effective diffusion coefficients, and axial dispersion coefficients for AMP (at low concentrations, where a linear adsorption model fits the data) and PG were estimated by analysis of moments. The influence of temperature, flow rate, resin average particle diameter and the presence of ethanol on the performance of the system was assessed. The results obtained have shown that lower resin average particle diameters, as expected, leaded to a significant improve in the resolution of the elution curve of PG, and higher temperatures decreased retention times. The fixed bed was capable to separate, in an efficient way, a mixture of AMP and PG, reaching a separation resolution of 1.60 using a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Increasing ethanol concentration in the mobile phase influenced significantly the elution curves for both components. AMP de-sorption was facilitated and consequently, 5-fold and 2-fold reduction of the bed volume was achieved for AMP and PG, respectively. These results allowed the proposal of the following protocol for AMP purification, when it is reach in the solid form, containing PG as impurity: solubilization at pH 8,5 of the crystal mixture (AMP and PG), obtained from the antibiotic synthesis. Filtration of the solution, obtaining PG crystals. Reduction of the pH of the solution (containing PG, together with high concentrations of AMP), to precipitate the antibiotic at its isoelectric point. Concentration of the mother solution through adsorption on XAD-4 resin, using a water as mobile phase for adsorption and 15% (v/v) of ethanol for AMP elution. The concentrated solution should be recycled to the synthesis reactor.
Estudos de propriedades termodinâmicas e estruturais dos líquidos etilenoglicol e glicerol utilizando simulação computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-13)
Arruda Sobrinho, Aparecido de
;
Freitas, Luiz Carlos Gomide
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3461414255262928
Ethylene glycol and glycerol are molecular liquids with many internal degrees of freedom. Rotations along specific chemical bonds allow the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to several stable conformational possibilities. Due to the capability of these liquids to form one or more hydrogen bonding with appropriate solutes, they have been used to verify the influences of these bonds in the conformational and thermodynamics properties of molecules. The studies were performed using Molecular Dynamics methodology implemented in the TINKER package. A combination of the force fields OPLS-AA (Optimized Potential for Liquid Simulations-All Atoms) and AMBER was used to represent molecular interactions. Structural and thermodynamic properties of liquid ethylene glycol in the ensemble NpT at temperatures of 265 K, 300 K, 350 K and 465 K and 1.0 atm were calculated. The same study was performed for glycerol at temperatures of 300 K, 400 K and 555 K. Internal rotations along all axes defined by bonds C-O and C-C had been considered. The formation and behavior of hydrogen bonds was as a function of time were particularly considered.
Alcalóides de Rutaceae: química e atividade biológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-18)
Andrade, Márcio Roberto de
;
Vieira, Paulo Cezar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
This work describes the phytochemical study of two plant species Galipea bracteata and Ravenia infelix belonging to the family Rutaceae, aiming the isolation and structure determination of componds from leaves and branches of these plants. This work is also directed to the search of trypanocidal and leishmanicidal compounds from these plants. The following models were used to check the biological activities of the isolated compounds: antiparasitc activity - trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro , enzymatic inhibitory activity on gGAPDH (Glyceraldeyde 3- phosphate dehidrogenase) of T. cruzi and enzymatic inhibitory activity on APRT (Adheninephosphoribosyl- transferase) of Leishmania tarentolae. The leaves extract of G. bracteata afforded tirtheen quinoline alkaloids. Among these compounds seven have been described for the first time: 2-(3 ,4 -methylenedioxyphenylethyl)quinoline, 4- methoxy-2-(propan-1 -ona)quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-(1 ,2 -transepoxypentyl) quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-n-heptylquinoline, 2-(1 ,2 -transepoxypentyl) quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-(3 ,4 - methylenedioxyphenylethyl)quinoline, 4-methoxy-2-(1 ,2 -trans-epoxypropyl)quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-n-propylquinoline, 2-n-pentylquinoline, 2-(propan-1 - one)quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-(pentan-1 -one)quinoline (inedit), 2-(pentan-1 - one)quinoline (inedit), a mixture of steroids campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol, one furoquinoline alkaloid evolitrine, a mixture of seco-furoquinoline alkaloids Edimethylrhoifolinate and Z-dimethylrhoifolinate, a pentacylclic triterpene arborinol and norsesquiterpene 3,5-dihydromegastigma-6,7-diene-9-one. From the branches of R. Infelix were isolated the carbazole alkaloids: 3-methylcarbazole and girinimbin, the steroids: 7-oxo-stigmasterol and 7-oxo-sitosterol, the indol 3-carboxaldeheide and mixtures of amides: N-trans and N-cis-feruloyltyramine, and N-trans and-cis-pcumaroyltyramine. The pure compounds had their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities determined.
Programa de intervenção com bebês pré-termo e suas famílias: avaliação e subsídios para prevenção de deficiências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-18)
Formiga, Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto
;
Pedrazzani, Elisete Silva
Early identification of developmental delays in preterm infants is notable in various studies which emphasize the prevention of disabilities through the possibility of a better prognosis through specialized special education services or other rehabilitation measures. Intervention programs emphasize the integration of parental participation so they may take on coresponsibility for their children's development as an integral part of the treatment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a program of early intervention with babies preterm with and without the parents' training. The participants in this study were 8 preterm infants with an average gestational age of 32 weeks and an average chronological age of 3 months and 6 days and their respective families. The study was done at the Neuropediatric Physiotherapy Unit at UFSCar and approved by the University Research Ethics Committee. The experimental research method was used and the participants were randomly divided into two separate groups: Control and Experimental. The Control Group was composed of 4 infants who received physiotherapy treatment but whose parents did not receive any orientation or training to work with their children at home. The Experimental Group was composed of 4 infants who received physiotherapy treatment and whose parents received orientation and training to continue the physiotherapy program at home. This four month study utilized the Operational Portage Inventory (OPI) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to measure the infants'development. All data from evaluation charts and videotapes of monthly evaluations and weekly sessions were registered and analyzed for two aspects: infant and parent behavior. The categories for the analysis of motor sensory development were in accord with the items proposed in AIMS and the training items were in accord with the OPI. The statistical treatment utilized the regression method to compare the evolution between the control and experimental groups. Analysis of parent participation in the intervention program was evaluated in three aspects: behaviors installed in the mediators, the performance of mediators as observers and the mediators opinion of the intervention program. The results demonstrated that both groups had significant improvement in all developmental areas analyzed and when compared to each other, the experimental group's evolution was superior to the control group. In relation to family participation in the program, the results verified that parents in the experimental group demonstrated a good level of involvement with behavior in installed in relation to training with the infant and both groups demonstrated satisfaction in participation in the study based on the evolution obtained by their children. Based on these results it can be stated that the participation of parents associated with the intervention program significantly benefited the sensory motor development of the infants in the present study.
A música integrada à sala de aula numa perspectiva de formação continuada para professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: redimensionamento a prática pedagógica.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-19)
Targas, Keila de Mello
;
Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5981684153509477
The aim of the study was to investigate which contributions a continuing education program in music, for Elementary School teachers, could offer. We intended to investigate if such a program could lead to new learning and reflections as part of their teaching process and pedagogical practice. In which way it makes possible a contact with te music by generalist teacher and how this can be important in a classroom`s everyday routine in terms of reorganizing the pedagogical practice. As specific goals, we tried to analise the progress of the teachers involved in the process related to the learnings obtained, to the development of new abilities, to the transformation of pedagogical practice, to the conquest of a diferentiated school space in which experimentation, share of experiences, readings and reflections were aspects taken into higher account. With this goal, a music workshop was designed and developed with teachers (City Hall schools). It lasted 23 weeks and intended making possible for the participants the aquisition of basic musical knowledge through the development of pratical activities. At the same time that musical games and plays were developed, there was also space for discussion of the activities, readings and reflections. These processes made possible for the teachers to experience new alternatives for teaching music in the classroom, including inovating and adapting educacional practices, based on the experiences lived on the workshop, as well as applying these inovations in the classroom and reflection on this process. Regarding the proposed research question the results (of intervention and research)we could observe that the participation in the program, made possible for the teachers to acquire new experiences, build up new knowledge, develop new abilities, learn to deal with the contents in different ways, increase their capacity of adapting, adequing, and inovating according to the necessities of the classroom, learn to reflect more frequently about their own pedagogical performances and redirect them based on these reflections. Is was also possible to observe that the student, when motivated by the teacher to get in contact with music through games and plays, develops capacities of audio and rithmic perception, vocal and body expression, as well as learn how to better interact and get organized in group. The program of continuing education was an important tool to the encouragement of new learnings by the teachers, to develop reflective practice, and for them to perceive in a new way music education.
Citogenética comparativa entre ictiofáunulas isoladas por um divisor de águas em regiões limítrofes de duas bacias hidrográficas na Serra da Mantiqueira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-21)
Centofante, Liano
;
Moreira Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
The Serra da Mantiqueira is located in the southeastern region of Brazil, and is a landmark for the political division between the São Paulo and Minas Gerais States, serving as an effective water divisor for the Paraíba do Sul and Paraná Rivers. This way, the Serra da Mantiqueira may act as an expressive biogeographic barrier for the isolation of the ichthyofaunas of these hydrographic basins. The present work was carried out with ten fish species (Characidium gomesi, C. cf. zebra, C. lauroi, C. cf. alipioi, Parodon sp., P. tortuosus, Astyanax fasciatus, A. parahybae, Hyphessobrycon anisitsi e Rhamdia sp.), belonging to four distinct families, representing the ichthyofaunas of this limiting region between some tributaries of the Paraíba do Sul River and some drainage rivers of the Sapucaí River, Paraná basin. The cytogenetic studies aimed the chromosomal characterization and the comparative analysis between the species of these ichthyofaunas. Among the main results obtained in the present work, we highlight: the karyotypical descriptions of the ten species previously mentioned; the discovery of a new species for the genus Parodon; the description of three new ZZ/ZW sex chromosome systems; and the discovery of two new cases of natural triploidies, one of them being associated to the B chromosome. The studies also permitted the formulation of hypotheses on the possible causes of the origin of the chromosome diversity found in the species of this region, the verification of the role the Serra da Mantiqueira has in the isolation and biogeographic distribution of the ichthyofaunas involved, and also the correlations between the species of the two hydrographic basins.
Metabolismo secundário dos fungos Penicillium sp e Fusarium moniliforme isolados como endofíticos de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-21)
Santos, Regina Maria Geris dos
;
Rodrigues Filho, Edson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4019875942806708
From healthy tissues of M. azedarach, 59 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained, representing eight genera (one Ascomycetes, one Basidiomycetes and six Hyphomycetes). Genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most found in this present study. Extracts of two fungal strains, Penicillium sp e Fusarium moniliforme were investigated chemically. This investigation resulted in the isolation of 34 pure compounds. Three were obtained from F. moniliforme: two depsidipeptides (bassiatin and a new natural product) and the ergosterol peroxide. From the Penicillium sp were isolated 10 novel meroterpenes (preaustinoid A, preaustinoid B, preaustinoid A2, preaustinoid A1, austinolide, preaustinoid B1, isoaustinone, austinoneol, preaustinoid B2, and preaustinoid A3), three known meroterpenes(acetoxydehydroaustin, dehydroaustin, and neoaustin). The other two meroterpenes are still to be identified. In addition, it has been found five lignans compounds (two were identified as novel natural products), six alkaloids (three of them identified as verruculogen, Tr-2 and its isomer), two lactones derivatives (penicillic acid and dehidropenicillic acid), one nucleoside (uridine) and two poliols (eritritol and mannitol). Some extracts and fractions from these two microorganisms were submitted to biological assays (antibacterial and insecticidal). The meroterpene dehydroaustin showed a great insecticidal activity against the mosquito Aedes aegyptii. An analytical strategy, based on liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry hyphenation was established for the comparison of the secondary metabolites composition of the host plant and the fungus Penicillium sp. This methodology had the meroterpenes and limonoids from M. azedarach as targets in order to compare the metabolism between these two associated organisms. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology allowed the standard meroterpenes identification in the extracts derived from this microorganism cultivated on rice and maize, as well as, other metabolites, verruculogen, uridine and a new lignan. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis supplied the apolar constituents identification of the fungus on distinct substrates. Biogenetics studies involving molecular biology related to meroterpenes were carried out using the tetraketide precursor 3,5 dimethyl orsellinic acid. As a result of this, were found three related genes to polyketides (non-reduced, partially reduced, and highly modified) and C-methyltransferase gene. It suggests a relationship between these genes and the meroterpenoid production. Further studies should be carried out in order to investigate this relation.
Fotossíntese e eficiência do uso da água em vinte espécies lenhosas tropicais sob condições de campo em um reflorestamento utilizando espécies de mata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-25)
Ferreira, Leonnardo Lopes
;
Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
Leaf gas exchange characteristics were evaluated in 20 woody species of differing successional status, ranging from pioneer species to non-pioneers (late successional species) in a Brazilian forest ecosystem. The principal aim of this work was to point out the correspondence of leaf gas exchange parameters and each ecological successional group of plant species. Light saturated photosynthetic rate was different both on leaf area (PNA) or on dry mass (PNM) basis between two successional groups. PNA and PNM were higher in pioneer species and lower in non-pioneer species. Variation among species was 3-fold (from 7 to 23 µmol m-2 s-1) for PNA, and 5-fold (from 50 to 275 µmol kg-2 s-1) for PNM. The highest PNA (23 µmol m-2 s-1) and PNM (275 µmol kg-2 s-1) values were recorded in the pioneer Croton urucurana, while the lowest PNA (7 µmol m-2 s-1) and PNM (50 µmol kg-2 s-1) values were recorded in the putative late successional species Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon. The sub-stomatal CO2 concentration values (Ci) was also significantly different between pioneer and non pioneer species, but a considerable overlap was recorded between successional groups about leaf-atmosphere water vapor exchange such as stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiratory (E) rates. However, the pioneer C. urucurana showed again the highest gs and E values. Mass-based photosynthetic rate was highly correlated with specific leaf mass (SLM) in both pioneer and non-pioneer species (r=-0.75 and -0.90, respectively). The highest values of instantaneous transpiratory efficiency (ITE) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) were also observed in the pioneer species when compared with the non-pioneer species. The results suggest that tropical early successional species have greater ITE and iWUE than later successional species both conditioned by higher photosynthetic capacity values. Therefore, the carbon assimilation parameters by themselves (PNA, PNM and Ci) or associated with leaf-atmosphere water vapor gas exchange were more suitable to separate both studied groups than single gs or E. Os parâmetros estudados, quando considerados através de uma análise multivariada foram efetivos para separar em um espaço bidimensional as espécies pioneiras das não-pioneiras. Multivariate principal components analysis (PCA) was useful to separate in a two-dimensional space the pioneer and non-pioneers species using gas exchange and SLM parameters.
Influência da nicotina e da mecamelamina em teste de preferência condicionada por lugar em peixes da espécie Carassius auratus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-27)
Brasileiro, Olga Sueli Moreira
;
Mattioli, Rosana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5694498670428619
Nicotine is a neuromodulator of the central nervous system, which has a wide variety of behavioural effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of nicotine and mecamylamine on the learning and memory mechanism through conditioning by a positive reinforcement process in 158 fish of the species Carassius auratus. For this purpose a rectangular aquarium was used (30×10×17 cm for total length, width and height, respectively). The aquarium was divided into two compartments, one black and one white. The experiment was done in five days: on the first day: habituation; on the second day: the natural preference of the animal was registered; on the third day: raining session number 1(T1), the animals were subjected to reinforcement in the white compartment; on the fourth day: training session number 2 (T2), the animals were subjected to reinforcement in the white compartment and were injected immediately after training; on the fifth day: test, the preference of the animals between the two compartments was registered once more. The animals were divided into eight groups according to the treatment. Four groups were injected immediately after training: vehicle (n=25); nicotine 2.0mg/kg (n=24); mecamylamine 1.0mg/kg (n=25); mecamylamine 2.0mg/kg (n=24); and four groups were injected three hours after training: vehicle (n=15); nicotine 2.0mg/kg; mecamylamine 1.0mg/kg (n=15); mecamylamine 2.0mg/kg (n=15). The statistical analysis was carried out using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test or the Friedman test. The variables submitted to the analysis were: the time spent in each compartment; the latency and the number of times the fish crossed from one compartment to the other. The results show that in the groups, which were injected immediately the animals, showed a natural preference for the black compartment before training. In the post-training, the vehicle and mecamylamine 1,0mg/kg groups showed less preference for the black compartment, indicating learning. In the nicotine group there was a significant difference (P<0.01) between the time spent in the black and white compartments, however the animals of this group maintained the preference for the dark environment. In the mecamylamine 2.0mg/kg group, the animals changed the preference between the compartments showing facilitation of the learning process. In relation to latency the animals of the vehicle, mecamylamine 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0mg/kg groups, presented a significant reduction (P<0.05) of the L between the days showing that the animals learned by positive reinforcement and retained the task on the day of the test. In the animals of the nicotine group, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) of latency just between the T2 and the test days, showing a slower learning process. In relation to the number of times the fish crossed from one compartment to the other there was not a significant difference between the groups treated, suggesting that the drugs had no effect on the locomotor activity of the animals. In the groups injected after three hours, the animals still preferred the black compartment, showing that there was not any pro-active effect of the drugs on the memory consolidation process. With regards to latency, our results suggest that there was cholinergic drug action on unspecific neural systems. Thus, it suggests that concerning the immediate groups in this model there was an effect on the learning process.
Aprender para ensinar, ensinar para aprender: um estudo do processo de aprendizagem profissional da docência de alunos-já-professores.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-28)
Lima, Soraiha Miranda de
;
Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
This essay is included in the ambit of the searches that intend to make a profound study of the teacher s professional learning process. The studies made in the ambit of this perspective have evidenced that teacher s professional learning occurs along the life. It has a fundamental space of the continuous improvement in the quotidian action. This is delineated by the teacher s personal and professional biography. Nevertheless there is scarce information about the influences of the formation courses on the teacher s professional learning process and this is the purpose of this study oriented by the search question: What is the influence of the Pedagogy Course in the teacher s professional learning process of the pupils-already-teachers? To execute this work I selected six pupils-already-teachers of the 4th year of Pedagogy of the Campus of Rondonópolis, of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso and who are working in the initial classes of the fundamental education of the public system. This essay has as reference the qualitative approaches of the research and it uses the individual interview with profundity as main proceeding for the investigation. The information achieved with this study reveal that the school represented, in the pupils-already-teachers lives, an important perspective of social rising and the mastership was a more possible alternative of the study, maybe the only for them in the last of the fundamental education. The search also reveals that the entrance in the teaching profession was, to some extent, accidental . By the material circumstances they became teachers - although they wouldn t want to be one and they became steadies in the profession. So the teaching profession was not a deliberated and conscious professional choice. Moreover the information achieved with this search allow to localize places, institutions, people, contexts that contributed for the teacher s learning: experience with the student, practice in the classroom, dialogue whit the colleagues, dynamic of the school, courses, institutional assistance of bureau of the education, Pedagogy course. It was indicated as fundamental in the teacher s professional learning process because it helps them to understand the society and the work that happens in the inner of the classroom. The research reveals the teacher s professional learning is a complex and multidimensional process marked by the quotidian action and personals value. It also reveals that the information, experiences, practices, knowledge, theories divulged by the Pedagogy Course represented a fundamental opportunity of the learning of the pupils-already-teachers when they were articulated with their quotidian experiences in the classroom. So this study indicates that the teachers education transcends the course but it cannot do without him.
Estudo teórico do espalhamento de elétrons pelos radicais livres OH e NH
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-11-28)
Lozano, Norka Beatriz Huamán
;
Tao, Lee Mu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5112032594921811
Recently, interest on studies of electron scattering by highly-reactive free radicals has grown mostly because their participation on many important processes in several fields such astrophysics, biological and earth s atmospheric studies, as well as in industrial applications. In this work, we report a theoretical study on electron collisions on two radicals, OH and NH. More specifically, calculated elastic differential, integral and momentum-transfer cross sections as well as total (elastic + inelastic) and total absorption cross sections in a wide incident energy range are reported. The main motivation of the present work is to fill partially the existent lacuna in the literatura for electron-radical interactions, since both theoretical and experimental data for such interactions are rare. It is also known that the experimental determination of electron-radical scattering cross sections are very difficult due to the high reactivity of these species. The present work covers incident energies in the (0.5-500.0)-eV range. A complex optical potential is used to describe the dynamics of electron-radical interaction whereas a combination of the Schwinger variational iterative method and the distorted-wave approximation is used to solve the Lippmann-Schwinger scattering equation. Our calculated results are compared with a few theoretical and experimental data for total ionization cross sections, available in the literature for these radicals. Comparison is also made with the results obtained from electron scattering by the molecules H2O e NH3, which are formed by the same chemical elements of the radicals. Several interesting points are observed in the comparison.
Identificação dos principais autores do planejamento e controle de produção (PCP) e análise da lacuna entre a teoria e a prática do PCP na região de São Carlos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-01)
Azeka, Fábio
;
Fernandes, Flavio Cesar Faria
This research have two main goals: i) the Production Planning and Control (PPC) top-authors identification according to an effective population (EF)with 592 international researchers; and ii) assessing the gap between theory and practice on the PPC area at São Carlos region. To determine the item (i) it was done a research through internet with an initial sample of 205 researchers, as not all e-mails worked, the effective sample (ES) was reduced to 168 researchers. The obtained result was estimated for the corrected effective population (CEP), that corresponds to the number of people whose e-mails worked, through the Horwitz-Thompson estimator. At the end of this stage we obtained a list containing the top-authors of the area and their main works as well as we accomplished analysis involving variables like the region, the approach and the number of years the respondents are active on PPC research. To accomplish the item (ii) we collected data from a group of São Carlos academics and from 11 important companies of the region. We lifted up several causes of the existence of this gap in the area and we also suggested several initiatives to decrease it.
Matemática para deficientes mentais: contribuições do paradigma de equivalência de estímulos para o desenvolvimento e avaliação de um currículo.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-03)
Rossit, Rosana Aparecida Salvador
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
In daily practice, we deal with several conventional systems related to math numbers, measures, time, money, etc. Among these systems, behaviors which include money handling is fundamental in many daily aspects. While people with normal development are able to count and to make little shopping in the community, even before entering school, people with mental retardation, are not able to do so at this time, and they usually show difficulties in these behavior acquisition even when taught, through traditional academic methods. The mathematical behavior is composed by several components and would be too difficult to teach all the relations between these components directly, because of its complexity and ilimitedy possibilities of combinations. Some researchers point to the efficacy of the stimulus equivalence paradigm, due to its potential in the formation of stimulus equivalence classes and the emergency of relations derived from prior training. Therefore, there is an economy of time and route due to some relations that may emerge from the directly trained relations. Based on this justification, a teaching sequence was planned by selecting specific values and relations that could help learning classes of money handling behavior. The objective was to develop and to evaluate a curriculum based in the stimulus equivalence paradigm to teach people with mental retardation to handle money. Eleven mentally retarded participated in the study, aged between 9 and 32 years old, both genders, students of an Special Education school. The stimuli used in the study were dictated words (coins numbers and values, paper money and prices), printed numbers, pictures of coins and pictures of paper money, numbers with a plus sign between them, set of coins, paper money and coins/paper money together, printed price, real coins and real paper money. Four studies were conducted to train different relations involved in the money handling behavior. The teaching procedure was conducted in a computer using the software Mestre®. After training some relations, a probe preparation session was conducted in an extinction condition, followed by symmetry test sessions, symmetry and transitivity combined tests and generalization tests with different materials, arrangements and environments. Probes were presented immediately after training and follow-up after three and six months to evaluate learning maintenance. The results showed the efficacy of the suggested computer-based curriculum and the efficacy of the used teaching procedures, due to the acquisition of the complex skills in a reduced period of time when compared with life-time and education-time. A complex and wide relation web was taught through direct training of some relations. Others advantages were identified in the utilization of computer-based procedures, such as precision, programming efficiency, automatic record of the responses, immediate production of the results and elimination of variables which could interfere in the desired teaching. Thus, the computer-based teaching optimized the teaching-learning process, increased data reliability and controlled contingencies that allowed teaching exactly what was planned.
Estudos e desenvolvimento de processos de pós condensação no estado sólido do PET reciclado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-04)
Andrade, Marco Antonio Alves de
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Manrich, Sati
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8135400027645917
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366236232736525
The increasing requirement of Ply(ethylene terephtalate) PET from the package market has made this available to the public discarded, quickly, since the technology of multi way package hasn t been possible due to high cost on the plant and it s inadequate reuse. In the PET mechanical recycling, the most used way worldwide to recovery this material, the features obtained after the many steps of reprocessing determine its final application. One of the biggest challenges in the recycling business is how to make the return of consumer residues in blown mouding package for carbonated soft drinks, as for recoverying original molecular weight features, always reduced with the manufacturing process, time of use and recycling reprocess. The reactions of solid state polymerization has been used success to attend polymers network. However, SSP available technologies in the market act in the virgin PET s manufacture with continuous process in large scale and high investment. Nothing has been doing for PET post consumer and if we consider that had to develop a low cost SSP system and a low scale where many of the companies would have access. Then the proposed work had for objective to develop a system compact pilot reactor for drying, crystallization and post condensation in order to increase PET s molecular weight and study the influence of its variables process about several features of recycled PET. The results obtained to show for objective was reached, however only laboratory scale and the most efficiency to process using vacuum system.
Estudos de parâmetros de qualidade para cerâmica estrutural vermelha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-08)
Paschoal, José Antonio Armani
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Sales, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
Civil construction demands quality in terms of reduction of waste and costs. Red ceramic, bricks and tiles have been targets in this effort. The Quality Programs seek to certify ceramics within norms (NBR ISO 9000), whose objectives are the controls demanded for these products. INMETRO and the agent of certification, Ceramic Center of Brazil (CCB), enforce, by means of laboratory analyses, the ceramic product of certified businesses. This work aims to evaluate the quality control system and manufacturing process of red ceramic tile, contributing to micro and small businesses by completing laboratory analyses of raw materials and end products of industries that present difficulties in terms of such controls. By means of a diagnostic fluxogram, evaluating and orientating, the operation of the process is optimized in full or in part. Of the 12 businesses utilized, distributed among 4 regions of the state of São Paulo, 3 were certified in the Quality System, 3 in the certification process, and 6 still uninitiated. The results found indicate the importance of the Quality System in businesses that have the adopted the norms, for which they have efficient controls, in terms of product conformity and reduction of waste. The raw materials of the state of São Paulo are of good quality for ceramic tiles and require only technological accompaniment. From these completed analyses it was possible to develop a diagnostic fluxogram that permits evaluation of quality and the production process, to be inserted in a "Palm Top", where electronically it can be applied promptly at each step of fabrication.
Problema relativístico de dois corpos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-08)
Hollander, Efrain Buksman
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Luca Filho, Jayme Vicente de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3649741795366660
We study the relativistic two-body problem of the action-at-a-distance electrodynamics. This dynamical system appeared 100 years ago as a time-symmetric relativistic motion and acquired the status of electrodynamics in the 1940 s by the works of Dirac, Wheeler and Feynman. The equations of motion for this problem are delay equations involving retarded and advanced arguments symmetrically. We outline our dynamical studies with an emphasis on the physics of this complex conservative dynamical system. We study the following versions of this electromagnetic two-body problem: (i) For the case of two arbitrary masses with attractive interaction (hydrogen atom), we develop a numerical method to integrate the three-dimensional motion. This method has a very limited applicability and could not answer several dynamical questions. We calculated numerically some orbits. The diﬃculties of this complex case suggested that we should restrict the study to the simpler problem of straight-line orbits and equal masses ( (ii) and (iii) ). (ii) We study the colinear orbits of the repulsive problem of two electrons (two electrons moving on the same line). We obtain an analytical approximation for the low-energy colinear orbits. We also develop a stable numerical method based on steepest-descent minimization. Using this method we calculated the orbits numerically for several energies. We also found a two-degree-of-freedom implicit Hamiltonian formalism to describe this colinear motion. (iii) For the attractive problem with equal masses, we derive an equation of motion that is regular at the collision. Our method uses the energy constant related to the Poincaré invariance of the theory to motivate the regularizing coordinate transformation and to remove infinities from the equation of motion. The collision orbits are calculated numerically using the regular equation adapted in a self-consistent minimization method (a stable numerical method that chooses only nonrunaway orbits). We compare our regularization of this Poincaré-invariant case to the Levi-Civita regularization of the Galilei-invariant Kepler problem.
Estruturação das lições aprendidas na implementação da produção enxuta na Alcoa de Poços de Caldas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-08)
Simão, Luiz Augusto Peito Macedo
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Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
This work fix a framework to identified and organized the lessons learned during the ABS (Alcoa Business System) implementation on Alcoa Pocos de Caldas. The intention was to capture, to codify and to make available the knowledge insert in this process, for the Alcoa Company, looking for the continuo improvement inside the process, and for other companies, to repeated this process over the Alcoa experience. The idea is to use the knowledge that Alcoa got and organized on factors that become easier or harder the ABS implementation. To achieve this objective was develop a framework that involves the knowledge management, organizational learning and lean production concepts. The most important thing in this framework is: Get information from a actual situation (ABS in use) and using knowledge management and learning organization elements to capture the lessons learned that was the knowledge getting in the factors that become easier or harder the ABS implementation processes. After that this knowledge was put in electronic way to be used for all interested people.
Implementação e avaliação empírica de programas com duas crianças surdocegas, suas famílias e a professora.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-10)
Cader-Nascimento, Fatima Ali Abdalah Abdel
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Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
This paper had the objective of analyze intervention procedures with deafblind children, their families and their classroom teacher, based on the van Dijk co-active approach and on the socio-historical perspective. The study was carried out for nine months, in the Federal District, at a special education public school and at the students residences. It is a case study with two female deafblind students, one of whom chronologically a 7-year old and the other 9-year old, their families and their classroom teacher. The students did not evidence any damages other than deafblindness. The research was divided into three studies: study A, with the teacher; study B, with the families; and study C, with the students. Three data gathering stages were carried out for each of the studies: initial assessment, intervention and final evaluation. The results obtained were analyzed according to the qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (frequency and percentage) approach. The data from the three studies (A, B, and C) were analyzed and compared in relation to the behavior achieved by the teacher, families and students, in three distinct periods. The results of these studies indicated relevant progress for all the participants. Although this paper does not intend to show how all the construction of alternative communication occurs with deafblind children, based on the data obtained, it was evident that there was development in the gesture mode of receptive and expressive communication on the grounds of the set of communication alternative resources made available during the intervention. The results suggest that the strategies proposed by van Dijk in the 60s have proved effective when associated to classroom practices that favored the simultaneous use of several communication resources (sign language, gestures, coordinated body movement, speech, Tadoma, writing, etc.). The students, who initially presented elementary expressive communication (tantrums, crying, strident sounds, etc.), began to evidence new communicative competences at the end of the research, based on the use of signs, writing, dactylology, speech, gestures, etc. In addition, the performance of the students improved in terms of their participation in carrying out tasks, concentration, and communication, their having started to demand more information from their environment. It was observed in study B that it was common for the families to watch and emphasize the deficiency of their deaf-blind daughters; during the intervention, the parents started to verbalize the girls efficiency and potentialities. The data have shown that, at first, the parents and the teacher s reports on the students behavior and performance were inherent to their biological condition; later, parents and teacher began to consider their development as a result of the relation between the physical and socio-cultural conditions present in the interactions. Increased responsibility of the parents and the teacher with the children s development and performance, as well as their need to learn the necessary skills and techniques to ensure that the children will have access to information was observed. The process of in-service training (the teacher s training) demonstrated more efficiency when it involved theoretical aspects, demonstration of skills and opportunities for the teacher to observe, practice and reflect on her own teaching practice.
Gestão tecnológica: um estodo de caso no setor sucroalcooleiro.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-10)
Pedro, Edilson da Silva
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Alves, Maria Rita Pontes Assumpção
The opening of Brazilian economy made the sugar and alcohol industries undertake the reorganization process of their productive structures aiming to increase their competency in product differentiation and in productive and market diversification in order to face the incitement of competition. Considering this scenario, the purpose of the dissertation is to analyze technological qualification in the company and to suggest policies for the construction of a model of technological management in order to reinforce the company so that it becomes able to face the competition and the setorial markets. The contributions of this chapter are: 1) identification of the strategic resources for technological qualification; 2) survey of decision making processes for technological acquisition and learning; and 3) evaluation of practices and management means and, therefore, indication of a reference model for technological management of the company. To structure this work, a research model was elaborated taking into account the revision of literature regarding the competitiveness of Brazilian agroindustry as well as theoretical approaches of technological qualification and management of companies. The method used on the field research was an exploratory and qualitative one based on the study of only one case. It is emphasized that the research model is presented as a contribution acquired from the dissertation and that it can be used for investigations in the future. The results of this work constitute a contribution for the determination of conditions for dynamical efficiency of the agroindustry. The conclusion is that the sugar and alcohol company studied should formalize a process for definition of its technological strategy aiming the industrial market, as well as to maintain a structure for technological management. For this, it is proposed a model of qualification and technological management, considering the technological resources of the company and its position on the productive and supply chains in which it is inserted. It is believed that the case study of the problem in one company can be used as reference by other agroindustrial companies and by new researches on this theme.