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A visão da escola sobre a interação com as famílias dos alunos: o cenário em primeiras séries do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-18) Cozer, Renata de Cassia; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
The main objective of this qualitative research was to understand through observation some practices of the daily school and through interviews, the relationships established at the school, acted by the director, pedagogic coordinator and teachers of the first grades on elementary school, and the students' families there are enrolled in this series. The theoretical approached the historical context of the relationship between school and families and the problem of the teachers' graduation. Starting from the analysis of a group of representative situations of the interactions maintained between school and their students' families is ended that the professionals of the school - although they have opportunities to establish bonds with the students' families - they don't drive their actions for an effective approach. It is discussed as the public politics; the courses of initial formation and activities of continuous formation can focus the study of the underlying theories to the process established between school and families. The discussions of the educational practices can favor the critical reflection and the change of posture and of attitude on the part of the educators. It is believed that like this those professionals will get to recognize the families and the students for besides the differences of groups or classes, the contribution that these have to offer to the society. It is advocated that to rethink the dynamics and practices accomplished at the school, including the ones that involves the parents and the students' families, it favors classroom works returned for the students' success.
Geração de energia elétrica excedente no setor sucroalcooleiro: entraves estruturais e custos de transação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-18) Souza, Zilmar José de; Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de
Given the estimated potential of electric energy generation around 18 thousand MW and the necessity to expand and diversify the installed national capacity of energy generation, this dissertation investigates the reasons for the low performance in the exploitation of the investment opportunities in electric energy commercialization by the sugarcane sector. With this purpose, the research presents a diagnosis of the main structural obstacles and transaction costs present in the generation of electric energy surpluses, showing the importance of the institutions in the decision of expansion of the activity by the sugarcane sector. The results were contrasted with the proposal of governmental energy policy for incentive this activity. It was verified the necessity of improvement in the current institutional environment. The main contribution of the dissertation was to present directives to public policies. These directives focus the financing for the expansion of the activity; the commercialization of the excesses; the tax incentive; and the concession of direct subsidies to the expansion of the activity. The directives related to financing were: official lines differentiated by technology use, index of mechanization and scale; the Ethical Fund Formation for the sector; and projects finance involving Emissions Reduction Certificate. Regarding commercialization, directives were: subvention to the transport tariffs; the extension of the universe of potentially free consumers; formation of trading pools and inclusion in the Energy Replacement Mechanism; the insertion of the sugarcane energy in the composition of Factor X and in the National Energy Reserve; changes in the retailers' auto-supplement; and incentive to the commercialization of energy surpluses and of Emissions Reduction Certificates. Directives related to tax incentive were also presented. Regarding direct subsidies, it is interesting the use of the resources that come from the Use of Public Good and Fuel Consume Account to foster the expansion of the energy surpluses commercialization.
Gênero e educação: abordagens e concepções em dissertações de mestrado no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-18) Jardim, Silvia Regina Marques; Abramowicz, Anete
The purpose s work is to analyze and systematize 19 (nineteen) dissertations that focused the educational process associated to gender category presented between 1990 to 2000, in universities located in Stated of São Paulo: Universidade Federal de São Carlos UFSCar; Universidade de Campinas UNICAMP; Universidade de São Paulo USP/SP and Pontifícia Universidade Católica - PUC/SP. Its intent is to examine how gender category has been conceptualized by educational studies, emphasizing main tendencies, difficulties and contributions presents in dissertations that articulate gender with education, in State of São Paulo. The results show there is little advancement in the junction between two areas. The works are fragmented and many themes need a profound study, mainly about the uses of gender category. In spite of some limits, gender s studies are relatively new in the Education field. However, this research observes the importance of junction between gender and educational studies because it permits to see different multiplicities. So, this fact makes to understand that there are important contributions in the articulation between gender and education. That s why the results demonstrate there is a progressive process in this junction between these two areas appointing to contributions, for example: fights against stereotypes of gender in schools; modification of a population (teachers, students); reflection about teaching work; discussions about gender discrimination in pedagogic discourses; movements into process of increasing people s understand of gender relationships; reflections about proximity between women and careers that presents low status social; emphasis in school Education as a social transformation instrument.
Estimativa de variabilidade genética em acessos crioulos e cultivares comerciais de tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) do sul do Brasil e avaliação da presença do Gene Mi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-12-18) Carelli, Bernardete Primieri; Echeverrigaray, Sergio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5630031784004533; Gerald, Lee Tseng Sheng
Cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most important horticultural crops. Although original from the Andes region, this crop was officially introduced in Brazil by the European immigrants during the last half of the XIX century. Today, old varieties and new improved cultivars are planted in the different Brazilian regions. In the last 20 years the Ecological Center of Ipê proceeded a rescue of old tomato varieties maintained by small agriculturists in the Northeast region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The present work had the objective to estimate the variability among 35 tomato accessions, 12 commercial cultivars and 23 Brazilian landraces using morphological descriptors and molecular traits (proteins and DNA), and to verify the Meloidogyne resistance/susceptibility status of these genotypes, as well as the presence of the Mi genes. The landraces were separate in five groups by their fruit characteristics: large oblate, cherry, heart-shape, large cylindrical, and rounded, whereas the commercial cultivars were restricted to the most common groups in the market. Both the quantitative evaluation of seed protein electrophoretic profiles, and RAPD markers allowed identifying all the accessions. The cluster analysis of RAPD data allowed to separate the genotypes in seven similarity groups that were not related with those formed by the protein analysis. Conversely, a discriminant analysis showed a relation between RAPD markers and fruit morphology. Landraces exhibited higher levels of protein and genetic (RAPD) variations compared with the commercial cultivars confirming the genetic variability reduction caused by the limited number of genotypes used in breeding programs. Experimental results showed that all the landraces and commercial cultivars, with the exception of the cultivars Polka Baixo and Gaucho (Feltrin) were susceptible to M. javanica, M. incognita, and M. arenaria. PCR data showed that the Mi1.2 gene was present only in the Polka Baixo cultivar, whereas the Mi1.1 was found in 26 accessions, most of which susceptible to root-knot nematodes, confirming the gene Mi1.2 as the nematode resistant determinant, and the inefficiency of the Mi1.1. Considering the high incidence of Meloidogyne in South Brazil, the low frequency of resistant accessions point-out the necessity of a special effort of breeding programs on the transfer of root-knot nematode resistance genes to Brazilian tomato varieties and cultivars.