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Efeitos da substituição da coleta em latões pela coleta a granel na estrutura de captação do leite
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-01-23)
Fonseca, Ariângelo Geraldo Nunes da
;
Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de
The deregulation and trade liberalization in the begin of the 1990 s created the need of competitive strategies in the domestic dairy industry, notably in Mercosul. The new environment imposed a number of changes in this sector, as far as producers and industries are concerned. This dissertation aims to evaluate the result of one of these changes that were implemented in order to gain competitive advantage, by way of quality differentiation or cost savings in logistics. It is a case study about the bulk collection of refrigerated milk at Nestlé Brasil Ltda, which is a very representative firm of the dairy industry and where, until 1995, milk was collected in gallons. This process could be implemented with the introduction of cooling equipments in farms, in a partnership between the industry and producers, and also by the improvement of the industry vehicles used for milk transportation. These investments have produced a number of logistic changes that had a huge impact in the group of suppliers and the whole process of milk purchasing and collection. In this context, this dissertation offers an analysis, from the point of view of supply chain management, focusing on the chain efficiency, and of the New Institutional Economics, focusing on transaction costs.
Expressão heteróloga, purificação e caracterização das proteínas humanas DCRA (Down Syndrome Critical Region Gene A) e DSCR8 (Down Syndrome Critical Region Gene 8)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-01-27)
Corrêa, Elisete Márcia
;
Silva, Flávio Henrique da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
Down syndrome is the most frequent cause of mental retardation affecting millions of people worldwide and results from full or partial trisomy of chromosome 21 (HC21). Rare cases of partial trisomy allowed the identification of a small region in HC21 common to all carriers called Down Syndrome Critical Region. The genes DCRA and DSCR8, mapped to this region, encode two proteins of unknown function. With the aim of contributing to a better characterization of these proteins, DSCR8 was subcloned and expressed in fusion with thiorredoxin in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). Recombinant Trx-DSCR8, observed in the soluble fraction, was subjected to the initial purification assays by affinity chromatography in a Ni-NTA column. The gene DCRA was cloned and expressed in fusion with the proteins thiorredoxin and GFP allowing the partial purification of the protein and the achievement of crystallization and immunological assays. The amino acid sequence of DCRA showed 57% and 49% of identity to a protein of unknown function from Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster respectively. Also, in silico analyses revealed that DCRA contains a putative Vps26 domain. Subcellular localization of DCRA in fusion with GFP was observed preferentially in the cytoplasm of the cell lines tested. These results contribute to a better characterization of DCRA and DSCR8 and open up possibilities towards the understanding of the cellular role of these proteins and their relationship with the Down syndrome.
Síntese, caracterização e estudos cinéticos da isomerização de compostos de Ru(II) contendo ligantes (X-bipy) ( X=-H, -NO2, -Me, - COOH, -SMe, O=SMe, -Cl, -OMe)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-01-30)
Santiago, Marcelo Oliveira
;
Batista, Alzir Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
The synthesis of coordination compounds containing bipyridine derivative ligands and the influence of the substituent groups on the physical and chemical properties were studied in this work. Mixed compounds of the type [RuCl2(P P)(X bipy)] were synthesized, where X - bipy represents the bipyridine derivatives and P - P = triphenylphosphine (PPh3)2, 1,4-bis(diphenilphosphino)butane (dppb). The characterization of the compounds showed that the isomer formed in solution is dependent on the phosphine used. The isomer of the compounds containing the triphenylphosphine exhibited a structure where the phosphine groups are mutually in trans position. For the biphosphine compounds, dppb is trans to N-heterocyclic ligand. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the compounds showed dependence with substituent group of the bipyridine. It was observed a linear correlation of the pKa values of the X-bipy ligands with the redox potential of the complexes. The decrease of the pKa value with the increase in the electronwithdrawing ability of the X groups makes the ligand less basic. This effect enhances the π-backbonding interactions, which implies in the energy decrease of the MLCT transitions and in the redox potential increase of the metal center. For the [RuCl2(dppb)(X-bipy)] complexes, the isomerization reactions under light incidence were monitored by electronic spectroscopy or differential pulse voltammetry. The photolysis study of the compound with the 2,2'-bipyridine ligand allowed the assignment of the field ligand state for its photochemical activity. The kinetic data supplied the assignment of a twist mechanism for the isomerization process. It was observed an increase in the rate constant value for this process with the increase pka values of the ligand. The reactivity of the compound [RuCl2(COD)]n, COD is 1,5- cyclooctadiene ligand, with the substituted bipyridine was studied in order to obtain compounds containing different compositions with changes in reaction conditions. Compounds of the type [RuCl2(COD)(X-bipy)], for X = H and Me, were obtained and characterized by microanalysis, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN) and electrochemical techniques. The reactions with other bipyiridines resulted in mixtures of compounds of hard purification, needing a more systematic studies for the correct attribution of their composition and structures. Tris(diimine)ruthenium complexes, [Ru(X-bipy)3](PF6)2 with X = H, Me, MeO, MeS, were obtained and characterized by microanalysis, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance and electrochemical techniques. With substituent groups containing sulfur atom, MeS and MeSO, polinuclear complexes were obtained. The [RuCl2(P-P)(MeS-bipy)][(µ)-RuCl2(P-P)], [RuCl2(CO)(PPh3)2]2[(µ) RuCl2(dppb)(MeS-bipy)] and {[RuCl2(dppb)]3[(µ)-Ru(MeSObipy) 3]}(PF6)2 compounds were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. An interesting electronic conducting mechanism was observed. The sulfur atom is believed to withdraw electron density of the metallic center by backdonation interaction transferring to the pyridine ring which, by being more basic, transfer part of this density to the second metallic center.
Uso de conhecimento teórico e de especialista para previsão de demanda.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-01-30)
Dias, Andreza Silva
;
Pereira, Neocles Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
In a highly competitive market as the actual one, the production management must ensure that goods and services are supplied to the customers in right time, so they can offer a competitive advantage or, at least, can be sold by a price that surpasses the production costs. It can be affirmed that one of the variables which determines the service level, to the customer, is the product availability, such in rapidity terms, as the amount of the available product. A determinant function for the availability of a product or service is the forecasting, it analyses the records about the past sales and it infer the possible behavior of the consumers for the following periods. The demand is influenced by qualitative and quantitative factors that are not considered simultaneously by the traditional forecasting methods. Thus, observing the trends in the use of expert systems and the importance of the demand forecast, this research aims to develop an expert system for demand forecast that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. To test and to analyze the performance of the systems a case study in an industry of soft drink had been carried through. This work considers an adaptation to the method of quantitative forecast adjustment with judgment to develop an expert system for demand forecast. The quantitative forecast is outcome by the combination of the forecasts generated for the most known methods. The results obtained in the tests carried through with data that had been collected during the study case confirm that the use of judgment as adjustment form of forecasting obtained by quantitative methods improve the quality of the forecast. Moreover, this work allowed proving that the knowledge of an expert who calculates the forecasting using his own judgment allows the construction of a Knowledge Base of an Expert System.
Alterações morfo-funcionais do músculo quadríceps femoral de humanos lesado pelo exercício excêntrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-05)
Serrão, Fábio Viadanna
;
Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
studies about muscle regeneration and injury used invasive methods in animals. Although the muscle regeneration process in many mammals is similar to the one found in humans, it is necessary to improve the application of non-invasive procedures used in the evaluation of the muscle regeneration and injury in humans. Non-invasive techniques such as surface electromyography, isokinetic dynamometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for imaging have been used in studies in humans for the evaluation of the skeletal muscle. However, studies in which all these procedures are used together, allowing a more detailed evaluation of the muscle morphology and function, are rare.Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of the medium maximal isometric torque, the electrical activity and the muscle pain before the injury, during the 7 days after the injury and also between the 21st and 30th days after the injury, when the muscle has already regenerated. For this, a injury was induced in the quadriceps femoris muscle through intense eccentric exercise. To confirm if the model utilized was effective to produce the muscle injury, the plasma activity of the creatine kinase (CK) was also evaluated and the NMR for imaging of the quadriceps femoris muscle was realized. Ten university student volunteers (21,9±1,5), sedentary and without musculoskeletal dysfunction in the lower right limb participated in this study. The extensor medium maximal isometric torque was evaluated through maximal isometric contraction with the knee joint at 90º of flexion, in the isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Multi-joint System 2 da BIODEX MEDICAL SYSTEM Inc). The electrical activity (Root Mean Square-RMS and Median Frequency) of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles was analysed simultaneously to mensuration of the isometric torque, utilizing a Digital Analogue Conversor A/D (LYNX) and single differential active electrodes of surface (LYNX). The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the pain were realized by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and by Brazilian Version of Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The activity of CK was measured utilizing the Kit CK-NAC UV unitest (Wiener lab) and the NMR was realized in the ToRM 0.5 equipment. For the induction of quadriceps femoris muscle injury, the volunteers were submitted to 4 series of 15 maximal eccentric isokinetic contractions, at angle velocity 5º.s-1. The results of this study demonstrated that the medium maximal isometric torque reduced significantly until the 4th day after the eccentric exercise (immediately after and 1st - 4th days after, p<0.01; 4th day after, p<0.05). The RMS of the VMO, VL and RF muscles reduced significantly the 2nd day after (p<0.01, p<0.01 e p<0.05, respectively). However, the RMS of the VL and RF muscles between the 21st and 30th days was significantly greater than before the exercise (p<0.01). There wasn t alteration in the median frequency after tthe eccentric exercise (VMO, p= 0.90; VL, p= 0.55 e RF, p= 0.89). The intensity of pain was greater until the 3rd day, and the peak occurred in the 2nd day after (p<0.01). The McGill Pain Questionnaire demonstrated that the word heavy was the most used to describe the pain after the induced injury by eccentric exercise. The peak of activity of the CK occurred in the 2nd day after the eccentric exercise(p<0.05). The evaluation by NMR demonstrated that the greatest extension of injury occurred in the 2nd and 7th days after, and some voluteers still showed injury sign between the 21st and 30th days. In conclusion, the eccentric exercise reduced the medium maximal isometric torque, increased the activity of the CK, changed the RMS and resulted in pain, which were gradually recovered in one week, despite the presence of muscle injury.
Redes: difusão do conhecimento e controle - um estudo de caso na indústria brasileira de caminhões.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-06)
Sacomano Neto, Mário
;
Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
This research has compared the coordination and relation structures in two truck manufactures in Brazilian automotive industry. The network analysis level has been consolidated as an adequate approach in order to understand the cooperation/competition binomial, which involves the markets and the relationship among economic actors. In the network analysis, it has been assumed that the environment in which the organizations work is structured by technological and productive vehicles, established between companies and institutions. Within the field of economic sociology and the organization theory there is an increasing concern in order to understand how a structural position and the type of relationship among the economic actors in a certain network have influenced the organization performance and its strategic behavior. Over the last decade, it has been observed a deep structural change within the Brazilian automotive section, with direct consequences in the suppliers network. The direct consequence of this change is the set of opportunities that truck manufactures and autopart suppliers can obtain from their relational and structural positions within the Brazilian automotive sector. The central issue of this work is related to how the different relational and structural positions of the autopart suppliers in the automobile network influence the diffusion levels of knowledge, the truck manufacture control over the suppliers and their relationship of power. The conclusions of this research have revealed that the cohesive and dense relationship has great possibilities to promote diffusion channels between truck manufacture and autoparts in order to generate distinctive and highly institutionalized control structures on the suppliers and, also to redistribute the power of decision to autopart suppliers.
A aceitação e o enfrentamento da cegueira na idade adulta.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-06)
Santos, Flavia Daniela dos
;
Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
The goal of this study was to analyze the factors which influence the process of accepting and coping with blindness for those who have lost their eyesight through accident or disease in adulthood. Twenty individuals (14 men and 6 women) between the ages of 24 to 64. Ordinary materials such as blank paper and pencil were used for recording scripted interviews and analysis of interview transcripts. The interviews were held in a room in the Rehabilitation Section at the Benjamin Constant Institute in Rio de Janeiro. A semistructured interview was utilized to collect data and allow the elaboration of themes and categories enabling the understanding of which factors influenced the process of accepting and coping with the loss of eyesight in adulthood. The quantitative analysis was done by recording the frequency of elements which the participants did or did not present within each category. The qualitative analysis considered the variations in participant responses within the respective categories. The results presented evidence that the factors which favor the acceptance of and abilities to cope with blindness acquired in adulthood were: the family, the impact of blindness on their lives, the moment of loss, social life, the activities which were interrupted by the loss, support, religion, the cause (whether accident or illness), feelings and their plans for the future. Analysis of the data indicated that the process of accepting and coping with the disability developed in a gradual manner and support, whether from family or professionals, contributed to the affected person's adjustment in society. For this reason, it was concluded that the acceptance and coping with blindness acquired in adulthood can not be described in a homogeneous form. Each individual presented their own characteristics which made them react differently to innumerous life situations.
Estudo das propriedades reológicas do muco brônquico de pacientes sob fisioterapia respiratória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-06)
Martins, Ana Lúcia Pio
;
Costa, Dirceu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7541914413496897
Dióxido de estanho nanoestruturado dopado com terras raras como catalisador e sensor de gases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-10)
Maciel, Adeilton Pereira
;
Leite, Edson Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
This work presents and discusses results of the effects of doping on rare earth-doped nanosize SnO2, obtained using the polymeric precursor method and prepared at different annealing temperatures. Only the cassiterite phase was observed for the rare earth-doped SnO2. Structural and morphological studies in pure and rare earthdoped tin dioxide were performed in samples. The rare earth-doped SnO2 showed high stability against particle growth at temperatura below 1000 0C. A doped-rich surface layer was used to control the particle size and stabilize SnO2 against particle growth. It showed that the modification of the nanosized structure and the composition of particles lead to interesting selectivity changes for the methanol decomposition and was reported the catalytic performance of earth-doped materials on methyl-vinyl-ketone formation. NOx gas-sensing as well as electrical properties have been investigated.
Síntese enzimática de ampicilina em reator integrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-11)
Ferreira, Andrea Lopes de Oliveira
;
Giordano, Roberto de Campos
Enzymatic route to produce antibiotic acts in mild reaction conditions (aqueous medium, neutral pH and moderate temperatures). Furthermore it reduces the number of reaction steps and decreases the amount and toxicity of waste products per kilogram of antibiotic. The enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin from phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) and 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) can be an attractive alternative, replacing the chemical route. The use of an immobilized enzyme to catalyze the synthesis is very important to reduce costs. Penicillin G acylase (PGA) [EC 3.5.1.11] from E. coli was immobilized on two supports (agarose gel and silica). This work undertakes an optimization study of the enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin, to find out optimized process conditions. Therefore, it was studied the influence of the following variables: pH, temperature, 6-APA initial concentration, buffer concentration and the presence of methanol. Response variables were productivity, selectivity and yield (based on 6- APA initial concentration). The assays were carried on accordind to factorial design 25. Temperature, pH, and 6-APA initial concentration influenced At synthesis of ampicillin from PGME and 6-APA, two other reactions compete with the synthesis reaction: hydrolysis of PGME (a parallel reaction) and hydrolysis of ampicillin (in series with the synthesis). The yield of the synthesis of ampicillin depend on the rates of three different reactions. The highest yield was achieved at 4ºC, pH 6.5, without methanol, and with low buffer concentration. The results also indicate that it is possible to work with this system at high productivities, and it still keeps high yields at 25ºC, without buffer, and pH 6.5. After the selection of reaction conditions (25ºC, pH 6.5), assays with PGA immobilized on silica carrier were realized. Convensional reactors may cause shearing on derivative enzyme-silica, which led using fixed-bed reactor. Mass transport parameters were estimated by fitting heterogeneous mathematical model to experimental data of catalytic bed with recirculation, running on transient state. Another used support on immobilized enzyme was agarose gel. Domain of experimental assays used in the neural network training and validation were initial substrate concentrations ranged from 50 to 250mM. A mechanistic model to represent the synthesis of ampicillin from PGME and 6-APA is a set of seriesparallel reactions (ampicillin and PGME hydrolysis are undesirable side reactions) would be too complex, with an intractable number of kinetic parameters. Simplified models could not represent all the experimental data, and a hybrid model was used. Neural networks were trained to predict reaction rates and used in the mass balance equations. A feedforward neural network, with one hidden layer was used. Results of the simulation were promising. The operational region that of high productivity and selectivity of antibiotic could be successfully mapped. An important aspect to improve the selectivity of ampicillin synthesis is to precipitate the antibiotic because the hydrolysis reaction would be decreasing. An approprieted biocatalyst which preventing the precipitation was developed, and used in a Taylor vortex reactor where shears are smaller. Synthesis assays using high substrate concentrations were performed in this reactor, occurring precipitate of antibiotic during reaction, to improve yield, selectivity, and productivity of this system.
Competitividade e fruticultura no Brasil: o caso do cluster de Juazeiro e Petrolina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-16)
Pelição, Thiago Zanon
;
Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de
This dissertation aims at examining the fruit growing activities in mid-stream São Francisco river, specifically in Juazeiro (BA) and Petrolina (PE). The analysis is based on the concept of cluster as proposed by Michael Porter, on the transaction cost economy and on the model proposed by Elizabeth Farina. The main question here is why Brazil isn t more of a fruit exporter, being one of the greatest world producers and endowed with considerably large comparative advantages. The study won t look into European and American protectionism; rather, trying to identify which actions Brazilian business people and producers can tap in order to enhance business from inside out.
Educação e liberdade em Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-16)
Dionizio Neto, Manoel
;
Nosella, Paolo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
Les différentes manières de comprendre la liberté et l'éducation nous amènent à l'héritage des Lumières présenté par Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Celui-ci, en tant que premier critique de la modernité, ouvre un débat dans le domaine des sciences et des arts afin de nous parler de l'origine et des fondements de l'inégalité entre les hommes. Une fois lancées les questions concernant la dépravation humaine au cours de l'histoire, il nous faut, à présent, le moment de repenser l'éducation en considérant une nouvelle façon de comprendre l'enfance. Étant donné la nécessité d'investir sur la formation humaine nous nous rendons compte que l'éducation se fait en tant que processus à partir de la nature, des choses et des hommes. Il faut donner la priorité à l'éducation selon les déterminations de la nature, au contraire de ce qui se passe dans nos sociétés connues où l'éducation des hommes se surpose aux autres éducations. L'éducation de la nature est prioritaire quand la nécessité de penser l'enfant comme enfant et l'adulte comme adulte est prise en considération. Il faut avoir un contrat pédagogique afin que, dans le processus de formation, il soit possible au précepteur de conduire l'élève à son autonomie au fur et à mesure qu'il acquière une juste interprétation des prédispositions naturelles qui se trouvent dans chacun de nous à la naissance. C'est pourquoi il faut conclure qu'il est nécessaire de considérer l'éducation de l'individu à partir de sa naissance et de ses différentes phases de développement jusqu'à ce qu'il devienne un adulte. En suivant les projets de la nature on arrive à une heureuse adolescence. Là il sera prêt à acquérir une formation morale qui lui permettra de s'insérer dans la société, en passant par le mariage, en organisant une famille et en devenant participant du contrat social fondateur de la République. Dans celle-ci, une fois que le peuple est souverain, il change sa liberté naturelle pour la liberté civile exprimée et reconnue dans la volonté générale. C'est dans la famille que l'homme consolide son statut de citoyen, mais aussi en choisissant et en devenant co-responsable de la République où il habite. Mais cela ne sera possible que par un passage de la liberté à l'éducation, étant donné que, de la même façon que l'homme est passé de l'état de nature à l'état civil, chacun passe de l'enfance à l'âge adulte à la condition d'avoir une formation physique et morale pour s'assumer en tant que citoyen. En tant que membre de l'État, il pourra être vu tout simplement comme un sujet mais il pourra être aussi un magistrat ou faire partie du gouvernement; quelque soit le cas, faire partie de la souveraineté. La citoyenneté sera obtenue par l'éducation, la liberté et les différents contrats rédigés par des personnes libres.
Odonata (libélulas) do município de Luís Antônio, São Paulo, Brasil: relação com o uso do solo e riqueza faunística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-16)
Peruquetti, Patrícia Santos Ferreira
;
Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
Odonates are generalist predators both as aquatic larvae as aerial adults. They are found in all types of freshwater habitats and even in brackish waters in temperate and tropical climates. The larval is the longest stage in their life cycles and so more prone to be affected by anthropic effects on the aquatic systems and odonates have been used as indicator species water quality. A survey of the species occurring in the Luís Antônio Municipality, including the Jataí Ecological Station (EEJ) and the adjoining area (sugarcane monoculture) allowed to relate the distribution of odonate species to the land use. Ninety-nine species were collected, of which one species of Dicteriadidae; 2 of Calopterygidae, Corduliidae and Lestidae; 4 of Protoneuridae; 6 of Aeshnidae; 7 of Gomphidae; 23 of Coenagrionidae and 52 of Libellulidae. The monoculture area presented a larger species richness (lentic systems, 37±1 CI95%; lotic systems, 42±1 CI95%) than the EEJ (lentic systems, 34±1 CI95%; lotic systems, 13±1 CI95%). There were no significant differences between the physical and chemical variables of the two areas (for the lotic systems, t=1,16, p>0,05, gl= 8; for the lentic, t=0,58, p>0,05, gl= 4). The faunal similarity between the protected and the monoculture areas was low (CmH=0,473). In the clustering dendrogram 3 groups are formed: (1) EEJ streams; (2) streams and dams in sugarcane areas and (3) EEJ ponds/lakes. The larger species richness found in monoculture areas is probably a response to the impact caused by this land use, which creates new habitats that seemingly favor many odonate species. If "pest species" are invading natural areas, especially in lotic habitats, the most affected by anthropic alterations, their occurrence indicates these areas degradation and a lowering of their biotic integrity. The larger difference in species richness in lotic systems in EEJ and monoculture areas and the clustering of lotic and lentic habitats in the latter show that species typical of lentic habitats are invading lotic ones. The comparison of data from similar habitats but more preserved, as those of EEJ, can provide clues to evaluate the effects of environmental alterations caused by the monoculture. Sampling in degraded environments may lead to a wrong use of indicator species for environment quality.
Impactos do associativismo na pecuária leiteira paulista: estudo de casos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-17)
Gerlach, Fábio Ravazi
;
Batalha, Mario Otávio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
Practice of association is the way for the small producers, that, isolated and with small production, they do not get to participate or to influence markets more and more competitive. Thus, it becomes necessary to evaluate organization`s forms that can be presented as socio-economic inclusion ways. The dissertation has for objective to impacts` evaluate of the practice of association in the economic, technological and social conditions of the milk producers. The impact evaluation was made from a set of performance indicators that allowed to evaluate the current result of the associations. The research method adopted was the case study, with multicases. The evaluation form used allowed to identify factors of success of the associations, like this as few restrictions for the development of these associative organizations. The associations are examples of success for the improvement in the life of producers, however it is a success with restrictions, therefore that this is restricted to some of the pointers and, particularly, are economic indicators. However, the social contribution of the associations for the producers is complementary and basic to the economic profits, being that these contribute excessively for the formation of the social capital. All the associations are how efficient how much to the objective to take care of its associates. One of cases, that association was disactivated, this also one revealed efficient while it was in functioning. Thus, the evaluation measure how much to the efficiency of the associations, considering that the efficiency is bigger to the measure that if they verify the indicated situations. It is distinguished in the results of that the associations that demonstrated the best ones resulted had been formed by independent and not governmental initiatives. In these conditions, these associations had contributed of more significant form for the formation of the social capital. In conclusion the work it brings two important contributions. The first is theoretician, with the presentation of a methodology for evaluation of associations of milk producers. Second it is practical, with the results of the research. The formation of the associations fortifies the producers ahead of the difficulties found in all the productive chain, since the producers if present as the link weakkest of the chain. However, this force still is restricted to the milk production, with great distance of the final and more important link of all the chain, the consumer. The practice of association is a good form of adequacy of the producing ahead to the requirements imposed for the market, but still it has very for if making. Exactly that all the good initiatives of each one of the associations were developed by all the associations, the current situation of the milk market, without politics consumption incentives, would not be enough for a significant improvement in the current picture of the milk sector.
Determinação de polifenóis totais utilizando sistemas de análise por injeção em fluxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-17)
Piccin, Evandro
;
Fatibello Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
In this dissertation, three flow injection analysis methods for total polyphenol determination in tea and acacia s tannins commercial extracts were developed. The first method is based on the reaction between the polyphenol compounds and the metavanadate anion (VO3 -), yielding a colored product with strong absorption at 585 nm. In the flow injection system with merging zones employed, 500 µL of the sample solutions and 500 µL of 0.10 mol L-1 ammonium metavanadate solution were injected into the individual carrier solutions (deionised water). With the reaction development in a 150 cm coil reactor, the chromogenic product formed was monitored spectrophotometrically at 585 nm. The analytical curve was linear in the tannic acid concentrations ranging from 35.7 and 544 mgL-1 (2.1 x 10-5 and 3.2 x 10-4 mol L-1), with a detection limit of 12.9 mg L-1 (7.6x10-6 mol L-1). An analytical sampling of 70 determinations per hour was obtained with relative standard deviations smaller than 0.8 % for tannic acid solutions containing 81.7 and 493 mg L-1 (4.8 x 10-5 and 2.8 x 10-4 mol L-1). Because the recoveries from tea samples varied between 87.3 and 94.2%, the standard multiple additions method was used for total polyphenol determination in these samples. In the second proposed method the same reagent was employed in the determination of the polyphenol compounds. In this case, a single-line flow injection system coupled with a solid phase reactor containing silver metavanadate (AgVO3) immobilized in polyesther resin was employed. In this system, volumes of 500 µL of the sample solutions injected into the carrier solution were converted in the chromogenic product in the solid phase reactor with 10 cm of length containing particles with size ranging from 250 and 300 µm of AgVO3 immobilized in polyesther. The analytical curve was linear in the tannic acid concentrations ranging from 88.5 and 2041 mg L-1 (5.2 x 10-5 e 1.2 x 10-3 mol L-1), with a detection limit of 10.0 mg L-1 (5.9 x 10-6 mol L-1). An analytical sampling of 35 determinations per hour was obtained with relative standard deviations smaller than 1.1 % for tannic acid solutions containing 175 and 1350 mg L-1 (1.0 x 10-4 and 7.9 x 10-4 mol L-1). Since the recoveries from acacia s tannin extracts of samples varied between 98.5 and 104%, the total polyphenol analysis were made directly by the use of an analytical curve. In the third developed method, a flow injection analysis system was employed for turbidimetric determination of total polyphenols, using copper(II) íons in a acetate medium as the precipitin reagent. In this system, 350 µL of reagent solution (0.10 mol L-1 copper(II)) and 350 µL of the sample solutions were injected simultaneously into a merging zones system. After a previous mixing at a 50 cm coil reactor, they receive an 0.10 mol L-1 ammonium acetate solution by confluence. The precipitate formed at a 100 cm coil reactor, was monitored turbidimetrically at 500 nm. A 10-2 mol L-1 HNO3 solution flowing intermittently at 3.5 mL min-1 was used to wash the flow system during the sampling. The determination of polyphenol compounds in tea samples in the concentration range from 18.0 to 725 mg L-1 (1.1 x 10-5 e 4.3 x 10-4 mol L-1) with a detection limit of 6.49 mg L-1 (3.8 x 10-6 mol L-1) for standard solutions of tannic acid was obtained. The analytical sampling was 90 determinations per hour with relative standard deviations smaller than 0.9 % for tannic acid solutions containing 109 and 357 mg L-1 (6.4 x 10-5 and 2.1 x 10-4 mo L-1) (n = 10). Because the recoveries from tea samples varied between 91.4 and 111%, the standard multiple additions method was used for total polyphenol determination in these samples. The results of the sample analysis obtained with the proposed methods were compared with those obtained employing the AOAC official method with relative errors smaller than 6.4%.
Estudo comparativo utilizando lasers de 685 nm e 830 nm no processo de reparo tecidual em tendões tenotomizados de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-18)
Carrinho, Patrícia Michelassi
;
Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
A lot of therapeutic techniques are used to accelerate and/or stimulate the tendineous repair process, among this techniques we have the low level laser therapy (LLLT). Therefore, this study had the aim of evaluating the effects of LLLT, in different wavelengths and different densities energy, on the tendineous repair process of calcaneal tendon of mice. In this study was used 48 male mice. 40 animals were submitted to the unilateral total tenotomy induced in the middle portion of the right calcaneal tendon. The tendons weren’t sutured after the surgery, just the skin around the surgery. The animals were randomized divided in 3 experimental groups (1, 2 and 3) and each group were divided in two subgroups. The subgroup A was treated with laser of 685 nm, 3 J/cm2, the subgroup B was treated with laser 685 nm, 10 J/cm2, the subgroup C was treated with 830 nm, 3 J/cm2 and the subgroup D with laser 830 nm, 10J/cm2; the subgroups E and F were classifieds as injured control/placebo treatment and non-injured control. It was used the lasers 685 nm and diode GaAlAs (830 nm), the parameters used in both lasers were 15 mW, continuos, power density of 5,4 W/cm2 and doses of 3 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2. The applications were made punctually in each 24 hours, during 12 consecutive days, in just one point on the injured lesion. All animals were killed on the 13º day after the surgery and the tendons were extracted cirurgically and prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis carry out through of polarization microscopy for obtain data of state of concentration, aggregation, orientation and deposition of collagen fibers in the site of tenotomy, was used measures of total birefringence take in polarization microscopy. After, it was obtained a picture of each tendon in the polarization microscopy for the qualitative histologic analysis of the tissue. The data analysis were made using the non-parametric test of multiple comparations in order to compare the data of all subgroups. It was found through of difference of OR (nm) values corresponding for the total birefringence that the molecules of collagen of tendons in process of tissue repair answered to the LLLT during the period of data collection, probabily through the increase in the fibroblastic proliferation and collagen synthesis. The tendinous repair of the subgroup A (685 nm, 3 J/cm2) showed the best result, considering the level of tissue organization, orientation, state of macromolecular aggregation and collagen deposition in the site of lesion. This subgroup was statistically different from the other subgroup, because it showed a higher OR value than the other subgroups treated with laser and the subgroup injured control/placebo treatment. We can conclude that, in the conditions our work was developed, there are different organizational answers in the injuried tendineous tissue and treated with LLLT. Therefore, there is a relationship between the improvement in the tendineous repair and the laser parameters used. In this case there were an acceleration of the tendineous repair when used the laser 685 nm and the dose of 3 J/cm2.
As contribuições do processo de implementação do projeto para o ensino de Ciências " ABC na educação científica - a mão na massa" para o desenvolvimento profissional de uma professora de pré-escola.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-18)
Miranda, Carolina Rodrigues de Souza
;
Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
This work consider two point: by one hand, recognizing the important issue that the Natural Science, since the begging of school time, can contribute in a formation of critical students that ask about the reality around their. By the other hand, the difficulties involved in their development in a school phase, where the teachers has a little, or any, specific formation to answer about science subjects. Upon this problem, the objective of this work is analyzing the science study project contributions called La Main La Pate (in Brazil this project was called ABC na educação científica a mão na massa), to professional development of one primary school teacher, during the first year of this project implementation and development. The methodology adopted was the qualitative approach, using as a research tool the observation of all implementation process in São Carlos city, and watching the teacher s pedagogical practices in the classroom. Was used yet teacher s report done during this period of time and a interview done after one year of this work, to analyze her teacher s thinking upon this own work. The study s theoretical framework considers the teacher s continues education, approaching the teacher s knowledge and the reflective practices. In this study the teacher indicated significant learning in her attitude toward science study, in a way how to development with her students and in a reflecting on their own practice, witch is possible changing the values and believes. However, the teacher had some criticize about the way how the teacher s continues education was conduced, a super valorization of subjects and pre defined scripts. This work indicates some actions that should be taken into account with regards proposal such as the one in question: attention to the context where teachers work, the time needed school are different and that they should be considered as basic units in order to be able to change and improve teaching.
Avaliação da função muscular, cartilagem articular e citologia do líquido sinovial na ruptura completa do ligamento cruzado anterior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-19)
Pinto, Karina Nogueira Zambone
;
Rosa, Stela Márcia Mattiello Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350
As metamorfoses de rede de poder agroindustrial sucroalcooleira no Estado de São Paulo: da regulação estatal para a desregulação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-19)
Mello, Fabiana Ortiz Tanoue de
;
Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
Since the thirties, the sugar-cane section from São Paulo expanded as a policy network, where the industrialists, sugar-cane suppliers and the state interests were orchestrated. However, after the section deregulation process, happened along the nineties, deep transformations have been happening in these actors interests and in their power relations, delineating a new governance structure in this agroindustry of the state of São Paulo. This work has as main objective to identify these transformations, analyzing the configuration of the new structure of power that is formed after the removal of the state of the section regulation arenas. Starting from the study of the present actors characteristics in this network (number of participants; type of interest of the members; participants function in the network) and their relationship (articulation type; centricity; stability and frequency of the interaction; distribution of the power resources and the public participants strategies), it was possible to verify that the network formed during the Proálcool operation period - where the wide availability of resources in the hands of the state, made possible the coordination of the network to this actor - it became a power network where the interests of the state, of Unica and Orplana are orchestrated in the process of elaboration of the sugar-cane politics. In this governance structure that is formed after the nineties, the new state position led the industrialists and sugar-cane suppliers from São Paulo to an adaptation process, changing their action strategies, organization forms and representation of their interests. The most specific proposal of this work is to identify the main challenges for the section to reach selfmanagement. In this context, it was possible to conclude that the sugar-cane actors from São Paulo demonstrate a poor effort (enforcement) to consolidate or to improve the way of an effective governance, adopting opportunist attitudes that just seek short-term results and linking with little frequency and speed in some subjects of the section (mainly when the theme is the regulation of the sugar-cane supply and its by-products). Therefore, the results obtained in this research enlarge the knowledge of relationship established among the productive actor of this agroindustry of great importance for the Brazilian economy
O desenvolvimento da usabilidade de interfaces em projetos - um estudo de caso em lavadora de roupa.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-02-26)
Aguiar, Vera Coelho de
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255