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Contribuição à modelagem matemática do reator anaeróbio horizontal do leito fixo (RAHLF) para tratamento de águas residuárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-05) Fontoura, Diener Volpin Ribeiro; Kwong, Wu Hong
This work studied the anaerobic horizontal reactor of fixed bed (RAHLF)for treatment of waste waters, developed in the Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation of the School of Engineering of São Carlos USP by investigating some mathematical models with two different RAHLFs conditions in different scales: the first in pilot scale by treating domestic and other in bench scale by treating synthetic substratum. The pseudo-homogeneous and heterogeneous models were investigated by considering or not the substratum dispersion in the axial direction. The models were resolved numerically by fourth order Runge-Kutta method, orthogonal collocation and finite differences. The values were compared to reactor experimental values. In the pseudo-homogeneous resolution model with dispersion by using the reactor data in pilot scale was adjusted the axial dispersion coefficient to 1,65.10-3 m2.s-1, after that was used in the solution of the heterogeneous model. The benches reactor values were used to obtain the dispersion coefficient as Zero. The parameter kinetic variation in the reactor was investigated by verifying that this variation is not responsible for the difference between the experimental data and those previewed by the model.
Relação escola e famílias: a visão de professores e mães de alunos de classes de recuperação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-05) Oliveira, Andréia Regina de; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
The aim of this study is to identify the inter-relationships established between teachers and 4th grade fundamental school pupils families that have learning difficulties and attend to parallel reinforcement classes. Took part in this study five regular 4th grade teachers, four parallel reinforcement classes teachers and six families (three of which were considered to be involved with the school and three non-involved). All children had learning difficulties and attended classes at three public schools in the town of Jaboticabal, São Paulo state, in Brazil. The instruments used for data collection were semi-structured interviews and parents evenings. The results show that the families evaluate negatively the current relationship with their children s school and point out that they would like to participate more actively, getting to know more about their children and the school as a whole. However, they see positively the school participation towards their families. The families in the study differ from the traditional mom-dad-children type of family seen as correct and normal by the teachers. The mothers in the study tend to follow the school life of their children, check their notebooks daily, ask how was the day at school and help with the homework. On the other hand, teachers judge the families as not structured and responsible for the students failures. They consider that the families oversight and are uninterested toward their children education. Teachers see their and the school s current involvement with the families as very positive, but not the other way round (they see as poor the family-school involvement). During the study it was possible to notice that the family-school communication is done mainly through notes and in the parents evenings every other month. A closer contact may happen between parents and teachers if a student eventually appears to have learning difficulties or misbehaves. It was possible to verify that the contacts are always the schools initiative and are always restrict and punctual. The families participation is restricted to the rules dictated by the school. It is the school that decides how, when and why the families should take part in the school environment. In the teachers speeches the parents-school partnership is put in evidence but there is no apparent effort from the school stimulating the parents participation in order to improve their children s performance in the same way that there is no coordinated effort to make parents act in partnership with the school.
A utilização de jogos com movimento como recurso didático: diversificando as formas do ensinar e do aprender.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-05) Mascioli, Suselaine Aparecida Zaniolo; Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
This research had as the subject matter, the use of the game with movement as assistance on school teaching. The approach of the subject-matter at issue, required a series of inquiries and considerations about the situation that involves it, once it was not considered relevant to analyze a teaching assistance, without considering all the problems surrounding it. If we observe the classrooms and the school spaces, we are probably going to find speeches on the educational purposes that look for graduating students able to search and accomplish knowledge, and also students who are critical, creative, conscious and social transformers. We are also probably going to deal with educational practices not suitable to such projects and that lead the student, several times, to the passivity, immobility and lack of reflection. In the face of this situation, the present study, that was done in the form of research-intervention, proposed to search by means of games with movement, to develop a part of the school content of the elementary school, focusing on games that explore the body movement and utilizing other school spaces beyond the classroom. Such games were prioritized because we judge that the motor experiences can assist the cognitive development and the development of abilities necessary to the learning process of children. Thus learning as Demerval Saviani, Álvaro Vieira Pinto and other education studious that the main role of the school is to socialize the elaborate knowledge and the acquisition of the instruments, like reading and writing, which make it possible to access and dominate a group of knowledge, this research study tried to methodize on the following issue: Is it possible to use games with movement as auxiliary instruments to teach subject contents related to the curriculum of the elementary school? In order to answer this question, it was necessary, however, to look for answers to other two main inquiries: How are the educational games with movements understood by the teachers and how are they used, in order to serve as teaching instruments of the school contents of the elementary school? The results made clear that the educational game with movement can be a great associated to the teacher's practice, providing a better atmosphere for the teaching, a didactic situation, which can intermediate students and the acquisition of school contents by communicating the school knowledge in an attractive way, in order to make it interesting for the student, as well as by assisting the assimilation and systematization processes of it. However, in order to obtain that, the teacher needs when using it, to develop an auto-reflexive process, dedicating his/her conscious attention to what is being taught (content) and how it is being taught (way), in order to obtain the game as an educational source, to rescue the pleasure and happiness on learning that it can provide. It also seemed to be necessary, for instance, to take care related to the atmosphere established among the teacher and the students and to the kind of participation and involvement of them, during the games with movements, as well as the degree of difficulties established by the rules and purposes and in the face of the school contents focused, in order to get promising results with the above-mentioned teaching instrument.
Potencial de heterotrofia do reservatório de Barra Bonita (SP), com ênfase na decomposição de polissacarídeos extracelulares de espécies fitoplânctônicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-05) Antonio, Rogério Marchetto; Bianchini Júnior, Irineu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5783651632446257
The extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) excreted by algae comprise an important fraction of organic matter produced by the phytoplankton in fresh and salt waters. Thus EPS can be considered an important organic carbon source for microorganisms, besides their possible contribution for humic compounds formation. In this context, this study aimed to describe the seasonal variation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) heterotrophy in function of limnological variables of the Barra Bonita reservoir (Brazil, SP) and to quantify the transfers of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the EPS to microorganisms, mineralization and humic substances formation. It was verified the rise of mineralization potentials (aerobic and anaerobic) during spring (September to November) and summer (from December to February). It was also verified that in drier and colder months (July and August) the mineralization processes involved more oxygen consumption per carbon mineralized, that is to say, occurred a rise of O/C stoichiometry values. Statistical analyses between heterotrophy potentials and limnological variables revealed that heterotrophy potentials (aerobic and anaerobic) were basically linked to DOC contents in the water. A kinetic model was developed aiming to describe the decomposition of EPS from different algae species and it allowed us to establish a general tendency for the fates of EPS when they are submitted to decomposition in reservoir water. The results showed that about 4.0 % of the DOC from the EPS was transferred to humic substances; 23.0 % was mineralized after formation of microorganisms (by their decomposition) and approximately 73.5 % was mineralized by catabolic processes.
Inferência bayesiana para teste disgnóstico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-05) Saraiva, Karolina Felcar; Rodrigues, Josemar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761
The simpler screening tests applied to detect disease instead of the more elaborated, usually result in the risk of incorrect diagnostic. However, these tests are only useful when the risks of misclassifications are known and considered acceptably low. So, with the purpose of looking for information on the proprieties of screening tests, as well as measuring their error rates, a Bayesian procedure was formulated using a simulation technique (Gibbs Sampling with latent variables) for estimation of the parameters of interest in the absence of a gold standard. Two applications to real data have been explored. The first one refers to the detection of the infection caused by the strongyloides parasite on 162 refugees from Cambodia that arrived in Montreal, Canada, between July 1982 to February 1983, using data from serologic test and stool examination. The second one has the purpose detecting the obesity rates on males and females school pupils through the information supplied by the anthropometric Must and Cole criteria.