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A ciência que veio da lama: uma abordagem etnoecológica das relações ser humano/manguezal na comunidade pesqueira de Acupe, Santo Amaro-BA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-16)
Souto, Francisco José Bezerra
;
Marques, José Geraldo Wanderley
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7962059488333070
Mangrove ecosystems have a high biomass and biodiversity concentration. High productivity supports the exploitation by many traditional populations that survive on shellfish s catching and artisanal fishery, like those who live in the Acupe District, located in Santo Amaro, in the west coast of the Todos os Santos Bay (Bahia State, Northeast Brazil). Many resources are exploited locally, such as swimming crabs, crabs, bivalves and a great variety of fishes. The objective of this work was to study the shellfish catching and fishery under the Marques broad ethnoecological approach. It was used as a focal reference, aiming to identify the basic connections between human beings and mangrove ecosystem. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with shellfishwomen and fishermen, in order to know thinkings (knowledge and beliefs) and behaviors involved in many exploitation modalities. Direct observation of the informants daily working activities was also accomplished. Photographic recording was made during these activities, aiming to produce a visual ethnography. The results were analysed with a combined etic-emic approach, by comparing folk and scientific knowledge. The observed traditional behavior was correlated to possible environmental implications. It was observed a significant body of traditional knowledge about classification, trophic ecology, morphology, physiology, phenology, ecozonation and hydrodynamics, as well as about mangrove ecosystem dynamics. In some cases, this knowledge was compatible to those accepted by academic ones. The five basic connections predicted by the Marques approach were evidenced in the local shellfishing and fishery. Fishers interactions with minerals, plants, animals, human beings and supernatural elements revealed perception and utilization ways strongly associated to local culture, with important environmental implications.
Processo de formação de educadores sociais na área da infância e juventude
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-16)
Vangrelino, Ana Cristina dos Santos
;
Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004
The present research investigates professionals of Human Sciences at the assistance of street children and adolescents. It was tried to identify and analyses their concepts of child, adolescent, education and educator built during their personal and professional life. To achieve this, three educators were interviewed at the Yellow House Project of the Social Assistance of Campinas, its purpose being the assistance of children and adolescents in hazardous conditions. The research was conducted to the formation processes of such educators prior to, after and during their involvement with that project. Thus the research offers subsidies to proposals of educator formation, in general, and for the education of children and adolescents in hazardous conditions in particular.
Hume, Mach e Skinner: a explicação do comportamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-17)
Laurenti, Carolina
;
Abib, José Antônio Damásio
Radical behaviorism was presented as the philosophy of science of human behavior. This has important consequences. One of them has to do with questions regarding scientific explanation. The present essay essentially deals with the following question: what is the model of explanation of radical behaviorism? Some characteristics of the explanation model of behavior are examined, based on a discussion of the ideas of Skinner and two others philosophers of science, to wit, David Hume and Ernst Mach. Hume offers a logical-empirical critique of the concept of causality as necessary connection, by arguing that causal relations can not be demonstrated on the basis of statements of fact. Moreover, experience does not furnish the necessary causal link between cause and effect. He concludes the human knowledge deals solely with constant relations. This critique was taken over by Skinner by way of Mach s functional descriptivism . Mach s substitution of the concept of cause by that of functional relations, and its consequent distinction between scientific explanation and causal explanation is based on Hume s critique. One might also argue that Mach advances on Hume s critique by asserting that the world is, in principle, probabilistic. Skinner, from the beginning, offered an interpretation of behavioral theory as description in accordance with Mach s philosophy of science. Accordingly, he limited himself to explaining behavior in terms of functional relationships. However, it is argued that the explanation of behavior is not only the discovery of functional relations. Skinner does not comply with the restrictions of descriptivism when he offers an interpretation, beyond the bounds of mere functional relations, of the origin of behavior, as is the case with philogenetic behavior and with cultural practices. Accordingly, interpretation is included in radical behaviorism s explanatory system. In this way, the theory of behavior, without rejecting descriptivism, may be associated with a version of scientific instrumentalism. This is done via Mach in a somewhat surprising way. Mach s emphasis on the notions of scientific concept and hypothesis leads us to a kind of reticent instrumentalism which emerges as a reaction to the realist view of theories. As a version of scientific instrumentalism, the theory of behaviorism can be seen as pragmatic, and so radical behaviorism enters the field of ethics. The alliance of descriptivism and instrumentalism rule out realist interpretations of the theory of behavior. A reading of Skinner s theory from the perspective of the philosophical works of Hume and Mach also weaken the association of radical behaviorism with the metaphysical determinism. It is concluded that the model of selection by consequences is a functional, instrumental and probabilistic, rather than causal, way of explaining behavior.
Subsídios para o manejo participativo da pesca artesanal da manjuba no Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-18)
Cardoso, Thaís Almeida
;
Nordi, Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1975625195000271
The manjuba small-scale fishing, also known as "iriko" fishing, is a common "caiçara" practice which has been present in Cardoso Island for approximately seventy years. The need to study this kind of fishing results from restrictions to this activity imposed by the legislation, due to the small mesh of the nets used. This work was developed in the Enseada da Baleia and Vila Rápida communities with the aim of obtaining subsidies for the comanagement of manjuba fishing. Human Ecology and Ethnoecology approaches were used as the research leading line, and the following methodological procedures were used: open or free interviews, direct observation, life history, quizzes for production results, fishing efforts, and accompanying fauna . Data about the technique and strategies used in the manjuba fishing and about the studied fishermen local knowledge, including the ethnobiological classification of manjuba, were obtained, and the social, ecological and economical aspects involved in this type of fishing were analyzed. It was noticed that the fishermen s knowledge and experience as well as the fishing gear limitations are important for the execution of more selective fishing and for the conservation of the resource. However the lack of current studies about the manjuba stock in the region hinders the analysis of the production data obtained from the point of view of its sustainable exploitation. It was observed that industrial fishing, official control and restricted market are the main external factors that directly interfere in the fishing activity studied here. Some proposals were suggested for the management of manjuba fishing, highlighting the need of performing this activity with the participation of the communities who are users of this resource. It is important to obtain alternative forms of uses and management of natural resources which should be ecologically and socially appropriate starting from the dialog and knowledge integration between researchers, public institutions and human groups studied.
Comportamento verbal novo e comportamento criativo: uma análise do "Verbal Behavior".
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-18)
Bandini, Carmen Silvia Motta
;
Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
One of the factors indicating the complexity of verbal behavior, defined by Skinner as behavior mediated by the other s action, is the possibility of variation and productivity possibility shown by this behavioral form. The present study analyzed the Skinnerian explanation on the arising of new verbal behavior presented in the book Verbal Behavior. This study systematizes the different kinds of behavioral processes and procedures involved, which, in most cases, do not appear in an organized way in the book. According to Skinner, we understand new verbal behavior as 1) arising of new responses in the individual s repertoire when these topographies already exist in other individuals repertoires, as well as already acquired speaker responses that now are emitted under new controls; 2) new responses produced in a community, thus new to the individual and to the verbal community as a whole. An analysis of a few literary works illustrated the analysis of Skinner s work presented in this study.
A concepção de Homem no Behaviorismo Radical de Skinner: um compromisso com o bem da cultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-19)
Melo, Camila Muchon de
;
Abib, José Antônio Damásio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015798975492836
B. F. Skinner describes and explains human behavior through the selection by consequences causative model. According to this model, human behavior evolves through interactions among three levels of variability and selection (phylogeny, ontogeny and culture). Three flaws are pointed out by the author in the selection by consequences model. The conception of Man as a cultural planner, suggested in this study, allows the solution of the third flaw . This study had as its aim to investigate Man s conception in Skinner s Radical Behaviorism, derived from his theory on behavior evolution, interpreted as a commitment to the good of the culture. To achieve this, this thesis goes through three aspects: 1st Behavior evolution through the interrelations between survival and reinforcement contingencies; 2nd-Cultures evolution through the interrelations between reinforcement and cultural contingencies; 3rd Man s conception in Skinner s Radical Behaviorism in benefit of the good of the culture.
Etnobiologia de uma comunidade ribeirinha no Alto da Bacia do Rio Aricá Açu, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-23)
Pasa, Maria Corette
;
Soares, João Juares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
This study was carried out in a rural community Conceição-Açu located in the country of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso state. The main purpose of this paper was to interpret the existent relationship between the population and their environment, inserted in the socio cultural and environment context related to the use of vegetal plants and animal resources. Through the information given, it was possible to analyse the social structure and the quality of life of the people in the region and identify the different ways of using the natural resources and the knowhow the population has about the environment through the techniques used in the conservation process. The method used combined qualitative and quantitative aspects when putting into practice the following stages: ecological description of the ecosystems; socio economical description of the families involved in this study, a follow up of the main productive activities and also of the activities of collecting in the gallery woods; Checking of the different strategies used in the preparation and conservation of the vegetal plant resources and the interpretation of the etnobiological knowledge, giving emphasis to the etnobotanic and etnozoologic aspect, given by yhe local population. The rural inhabitants identify several micro habitas in the interior of the gallery wood, to which the presence of certain species of vegetal plants and animals are associated. People showed a comprehensive understanding of the trophic and reprodutive behaviour of the animals that they know and live with in their properties and in nearby areas, not forgetting the ecological association plant-animal-plant. It s attributed to the plants (suffer more or less; react a lot or react a little) and to the animals (eat a lot or a little, they are wild or tame) a classification by bynary opposition because of their behaviour. Starting from the etnoknowledge that the local population showed about the use of the natural resources it was possible to make the comparison with the scientific knowledge, through tables, aiming at showing the agreement between both interpretation about the ecosystem and its natural resources. The value of use of the vegetal plant species revealed and interaction of the people with the environment, pointing to the relevence of the gallery wood for the storage of renewable natural resources. The economic exploitation in the region has a small environment impact, favoring, in this way the conservation of the local flora and fauna.
Caracterização da pesca artesanal na costa do Estado do Ceará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-25)
Silva, Sônia Maria Martins de Castro e
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
The present work has as objectives: (a) to characterize the artisanal fisheries in Ceará State s continental shelf, through a complete description of boat types, gear designs and used fishing methods; (b) to analyze the fish fauna of Camocim, Paracuru, Fortaleza, Caponga and Fortim fishing locations, as concerns composition, space and time distribution, abundance, frequency of occurrence, dominance, diversity, equitability, richness of species and similarity, referring to the rainy and dry seasons; and (c) to address some relative aspects to the ecology of those species. A total of 3,947 boats make up the artisanal fleet (sailboat fleet) of Ceará state, from which 1,831 are small rafts, 1,177 canoes, 410 sailboats, 340 large rafts and 189 sailcrafts. Catching is performed mainly through the use of hand-lines and gillnets. A total of 183,530 captured individuals were classified into 124 species, 50 families and 14 orders, prevailing the order Perciformes, with predominance of the Carangidae, Haemulidae and Sciaenidae families. Out of 124 species, 91 were found to occur in more than one of the studied fishing locations and 97 were observed both in the rainy and dry seasons. The majority of species presented the following characteristics: they inhabit only one of the following fishing areas on the continental shelf: costa (nearshore fishing grounds), risca (intermediate fishing grounds) and alto (distant-water fishing grounds); they live on or close to the sea bottom, especially on rocky substrates; they do not form shoals; they do not migrate; they are more frequently fished for during daytime and yield larger catches in hook-and-line fisheries. Yellowtail snapper (Lutjnaus chrysurus) was considered the most important specie, representing 18.18% of the biomass and 12.32% of the individuals total. Out of 124 species, only 9 were dominant, what contributed to the high diversity indices recorded in all counties but Fortim, because of the high dominance of white grunt (Haemulon plumieri). The Camocim fishing location presented the largest species richness and an outstanding participation in the biomass (59.95%) and the individuals total (50.89%). The smallest similarity index values were observed when Camocim and Paracuru fishing locations were compared to Fortaleza, Caponga and Fortim. Furthermore, a greater evenness was observed between fishing locations of the western coast (Camocim and Paracuru) and those of the eastern coast (Caponga and Fortim), including Fortaleza, which is the cornerstone of Ceará state s coastline. Given the relevance of the artisanal fisheries and the richness of the fish fauna that make up their commercial catches, it is highly desirable for ecological studies to be pursued in relation to such resources, to the effect that knowledge is obtained and directed to a better understanding of that ecosystem and to a sound management of its exploitation.
Influência das condições de alimentação do meio suplementar na produção de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces clavuligerus em batelada alimentada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-25)
Teodoro, Juliana Conceição
;
Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
The clavulanic acid (CA) is an important inhibitor of β-lactamases, enzymes that clives the β-lactam ring of penicillins and cephalosporins, inativating these compounds. CA is traditionally produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus in batch (B) or feed batch (FB) cultivations. Considering that the products of easily assimilable catabolic carbon source catabolism repress the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite, including CA, production in FB is preferable because control of nutrient level can be performed. In the present work the effect of supplementing medium (composition, concentration of glycerol and feed flow rate) on the production of CA was evaluated in fed batch cultivations in 4L stirred-tank bioreactor. Aeration was set at 0.5 vvm, the agitation rate was controlled at 800 rpm and pH at 6.8. Initially, a batch cultivation was carried out with glycerol (15 g.L-1) and Samprosoy (20 g.L-1), a soy protein hydrolyzate, as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The results obtained from this experimental, concerning CA production, were considered as standart for comparasion with furter experimental results. Also, the observed glycerol consuption rate was used to define the glycerol feed rate infurter experiments. The kinetic model considering non-associated production with CA degradation was fitted to the experimental results and cultivation in FB were simulated under different conditions of volumetric flow rate (F) and glycerol concentration on supplementary medium (Cse). The experimental results showed that the rate of production of CA and glycerol consumption, were directly related, condition not predicted by model, besides, its negative effect on the AC production after the feeding indicate a possible inhibition/repression effect of glycerol. The possible negative effect of glycerol not confirmed by the results of a batch cultivation with pulse of glycerol at 24 hours cultivation, indicating that this effects caused by others compounds in the culture medium or due to dilution of the medium. The subsequent results with different feeding conditions and glycerol concentration utilizing complete supplementary medium, with only glycerol, indicate that CA production is increased in process with high Cse and low volumetric flow rate (F) that guarantee sufficient carbon source and minimize the dilution effects.
Sistemática das espécies de Ceroplastinae Atkinson, 1886 (Hemíptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) que ocorrem no estado de São Paulo, Brasil e inventariação de seus parasitóides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-25)
Peronti, Ana Lúcia Benfatti Gonzalez
;
Silva, Carlos Roberto Sousa e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4890369735136839
The species of Ceroplastinae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) from São Paulo state were revised and associated parasitoids were inventoried. Forty-three species of the Ceroplastinae were studied, 27 known species were redescribed and 6 new species described. Ceroplastes campinensis Hempel, 1901, C. bicolor Hempel, 1901, C. excaericae Hempel, 1912 and C. farmairii (Signoret, 1866) were not studied because the type material or other specimens were not found. Eight new synonym are established: Ceroplastes psidii (Chavannes, 1848) and C. simplex Hempel, 1900 with C. janeirensis; C. cultus Hempel, 1900, C. cuneatus Hempel, 1900, C. rarus Hempel, 1900 and C. rotundus Hempel, 1900 with C. cirripediformis; C. novaesi Hempel, 1900 with C. lucidus Hempel, 1900 and C. rhizophorae Hempel, 1918 with C. grandis Hempel, 1900. One new combination is proposed. Ceroplastes stellifer (Westwood, 1871). Ceroplastes flosculoides is recorded for the first time in Brazil and Ceroplastes cassiae (Chavannes, 1848), C. deodorensis Hempel, C. formosus Hempel and C. quadratus Green are recorded for the first time in São Paulo state. Ceroplastinae is now formed by 31 species, all included in Ceroplastes genus. In addition, synonym list, geographic distribution, lists of hosts and illustrations have been presented, together with a dichotomous key to the groups of the Ceroplastinae and a dichotomous key to species of the Ceroplastes group and another to species of the Ceroplastidia group from São Paulo state. Thirty-one Hymenoptera parasitoids distributed in 7 families of the Chalcidoidea in association with Ceroplastes species: Coccophagus Westwood sp1., C. sp2, C. sp3 (Aphelinidae); Anicetus sp., Coccidencyrtus sp., Encyrtus baezi (Brèthes, 1921), Metaphycus sp1, M. sp2, M. sp3, M. sp4, M. sp5, M. sp6, M. sp7, M. sp8. and Microterys sp. (Encyrtidae), Aprostocetus sp1., A. sp2 and A. sp3, Horismenus and Tetrastichinae sp. (Eulophidae), Brasema sp., Lecaniobius grandis (De Santis, 1950), L. utilis Compere, 1939 and L. cockerellii Ashmead, 1896 (Eupelmidae), Erotolepsia sp. and Cephaleta brasiliensis (De Santis, 1963) (Pteromalidae) and Signiphora sp1. S. sp2 and S. sp3 (Signiphoridae) were found. Every genus mentioned above, except Coccophagus, is associated with Ceroplastinae for the first time in Brazil. The first occurrence of both the genus Microterys and Encyrtus baezi for Brazil and genus Brasema and Brachymeria pedalis (Cresson, 1872) for the state of São Paulo is here recorded. A CD-ROM, including species of economic importance Ceroplastinae and associated parasitoids, is presented.
A grande seca de 1979 a 1983: um estudo de caso das ações do governo federal em duas sub-regiões do estado do Ceará (Sertão Central e Sertão de Inhamuns)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-26)
Campos, Nivalda Aparecida
;
Villa, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9571225340239118
The subject of this article is the State intervention in two macro regions of the Brazilian state of Ceará: Central Hinterlands and Inhamuns Hinterlands during the hard drought of 1979-1983. The objective was to identify why the effects of the weather phenomenon were so catastrophic even with the governmental programs being developed. During the researches, it was observed that the principles and strategies that orientate the intervention in the semi-arid Northeast region has been conservative and concentrative, beneficiating only certain groups.
Perturbação hidrológica, estabilidade e diversidade de macroinvertebrados em uma zona úmida (lagoas intermitentes) do semi-árido brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-26)
Silva-Filho, Manoel Inácio
;
Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5557996426005126
Intermittent shallow lakes are a kind of wetland of great importance in the Brazilian semiarid area, being characterized by hydrological extremes of flood and drought. These shallow lakes are good model for ecological study because they have discrete boundaries, and are subject to disturbance processes such as drying. The goal of this study was to analyse, in according to the conceptual mark of natural disturbances and ecological stability, the diversity and stability of the macroinvertebrates in three Brazilian semi-arid intermittent lakes during two hydrological cycles. In this study, I also compare the diversity of the macroinvertebrate communities to the hydrological disturbance; analyse the degree of resilience and resistance of the community to the drought, as well as, the relationship between diversity and stability in the community studied. Furthermore, I accomplished the inventory of the fauna of macroinvertebrates of 33 intermittent shallow lakes widespread in the Paraibano semi-arid. The results of this study suggest that (i) flooding and drought are the main disturbance agents in these shallow lakes, which are events of great importance to explain the model of macroinvertebrates succession; (ii) in the lakes studied I did not determined the pattern of macroinvertebrate diversities, because a peculiar pattern of diversity seemed to occur in each hydrological cycle; (iii) the species richness was relatively high and the number of individuals small; (iv) the macroinvertebrate populations varied substantially during the hydrological cycle due to variation of the water level and the impacts of the drought; (v) the resistance and resilience of the macroinvertebrate communities to drought demonstrated to be relatively high; and (vi) the variability of the total biomass of macroinvertebrate communities was lower in the lake that exhibited high species richness, while the variability of the abundance of the populations in each species was lower in the lakes with larger species richness of macroinvertebrates.
Estudos de ionização de moléculas poliatômicas de interesse tecnológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-26)
Sanches, Ivana Pereira
;
Iga, Ione
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934634344275868
Complex polyatomic compounds are increasingly being used for modern technological applications, e.g., those related to the semiconductor industry, generation of new materials etc. However, there is a big lack of knowledge of the fundamental properties of such relevant chemical species, and more investigations of them are highly desirable. In the above context, we have studied electron impact partial and total ionization cross sections, in the energy range of Emin 1000 eV for molecules like CHF3, C2F6, CF3Cl and C2H4. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer developed at the Laboratório de Espalhamento de Elétrons, at the chemistry department of UFSCar, was used to perform these studies. Absolute scattering cross sections were obtained using the relative flow technique. Also, we have begun studies using the synchrotron radiation in pulsed mode with a view to determine the photoionization cross sections at the Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron. In this work we have tested the viability of this method to determine the photoionization cross section by studying the gases for which these cross sections are already present in the literature.
Estudo do efeito da correlação do alvo no espalhamento de elétrons por moléculas pequenas na faixa de energias baixas e intermediária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-26)
Cerqueira Sobrinho, Antonio Moreira de
;
Tao, Lee Mu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5112032594921811
In this present work, we have carried out a theoretical investigation on the influence of the target electronic correlation on electron elastic scattering by molecules. Calculated differential, integral and momentum-transfer cross sections on electron elastic scattering by nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), in low energy range (0.1-20 eV), and carbon monosulfide (CS) and silicon monosulfide (SiS), in low and intermediate energy range (0.1-500 eV) are reported. In this study target wave functions at the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan (HFR) and with single-double excitation configuration interaction (SDCI) levels were calculated. The dynamics of electron-molecule interaction is described by a complex optical potential formed by static, of exchange and correlationpolarization contributions, and for e−CS and e−SiS collisions, we include also the absorption contribution, as the imaginary part of optical potential, to account for the influence of inelastic channels at higher energies. The Schwinger variational iterative method (SVIM) combined with distorted-wave approximation is applied to calculate the scattering amplitudes. The results of cross sections, calculated for both HFR and SDCI functions are presented and compared, along with experimental and/or other theoretical results available in the literature.
Aspectos biológicos de Heterotermes tenuis (Isoptera Rhinotermidae) em cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-26)
Campos, Maria Bernadete Silva de
;
Macedo, Newton
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2167952105880286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5024245659105477
The main objectives were: to study at laboratory some biological aspects the biology of Heterotermes tenuis, by stablishing colonies with couples collected in the field, foraging behavior and the intraspecific agonistic behavior among individuals from different places in area sugarcane, collected by baits. The stablishment of colonies was studied from September/2002 to December/2003, with the installation of 400 baits in of 10.000 m2 sugarcane area, to collect the couples. The collected couples were removed and aconditioned in plastic flasks containing humidified soil and food and maintained in room at 28°C ± 2°C, 70% RU and 12 hours of photophase. Biological studies was systematicaly the colonies for counting alive couples, presence and number of eggs, breeds (workers and soldiers). The couples showed a period of 29 days before oviposition and a number of five eggs/ colony in the first oviposition, in average. The egg measures were 0.68 mm length and 0.36 mm width. The first workers appeared 53 days after the formation of the couples, and the number was four workes/colony. The first soldiers appeared 127 days after the formation of the couples, with an average of 1 soldier/colony. Foraging behavior was studied from 1999, April to 2003, December with the installation of 27 baits in three different places with nine points each. Monthly the baits were removed and a new one were placed. Baits with termites present were carried to laboratory for individuals counting. It was observed that there were significant variances in the foraging activity according to rain precipitation and environmental temperature variations and it was affected, as well, by development cycle and growth of the colony. The maximum foraging activity occures in the autumn and the agricultural pratices as plowing and furrowing for new planting promote a drastic foraging activity redutions in the subsequent years. Intraspecific agonistic behavior of H. tenuis was studied by confrontation tests between places and different points. In each confrontation 20 workers plus two soldiers were placed in a transparent plastic flask (7,0 cm of height x 4,5 cm of diameter) with bottom covered by filter paper and a square of humidified fiberboard (4 cm2) . The evaluations were done 48 hours after the confrontation by counting dead individuals. It was verified that there is intra-specific agonistic behavior in H. tenuis and by means that behavior different colonies can be distinguished and its forraging areas can be delimited in sugarcane areas.
Comportamento de subtrair com base no paradigma de equivalência de estímulos: um estudo com deficientes mentais.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-27)
Araujo, Priscila Mara de
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
A MTS procedure to teach conditional discriminations involving numerical stimuli in equivalence class formation nets was evaluated to teach people with mental retardation. Among the trained and tested relations it was given emphasis to the ones that are commonly called subtractions. Thus, after obtaining equivalence classes containing numbers, sentences and operators, it was tested and trained pre requisite relations to the formation of subtraction classes. The first step was the insertion of the symbolic units involved in the subtraction operation in equivalence classes numerals from 1 to 9 (Class ABC) and operators that composed the operation (class FGH). The second step comprised tests/training of the relations between the sentences with different stimuli spoken (I), with sets(J) and with algorisms (K) to values from 1 to 5. The third and last step consisted of teaching the subtraction operation to values from 1 to 5, by training the relation between sentence and result, using stimuli of the same kind (polka dot sets JB) and the test of the relation between the sentence and the result to values from 1 to 9, having conditional stimuli/ discriminative stimuli of different kinds relations between spoken sentence (I) and result in sets (B) and in algorisms (C), between sentence with sets (J) and result in algorisms (C) and the correspondent symmetry (KB), and results naming (E) from the sentence with sets (J) and with algorisms (K). The trained and tested relations were analyzed comparing the percentages of correct/incorrect responses (relative frequency) and the consistency in stimulus class formation. The results showed that the procedure allowed the emergency of some relations in test sessions in extinction, suggesting its potentiality to the acquisition of adequate responding to new numerical stimuli combination. For two of the participants, the training of only some relations was enough to others emerge: for P2, training the relation between spoken operator (F) and operator (H), between spoken operator and (F) operator s name (H), to minus and equal, and between spoken sentence (I) and set (B) and between spoken sentence (I) and algorism (C), for values from 1 to 5, allowed the performance emergency to the values from 6 to 9 in these relations and the emergency between sentences with sets (J) and set (B), besides naming (E) of sentences with sets (J) and with algorisms (K) to values from 1 to 9; for P3 training the relation between spoken sentence (I) and sentences with sets (J) and between sentence with sets (J) and set (B), to the values from 1 to 5, allowed emergency of relations between sentences with sets (J) and set (B) to values from 6 to 9 and the emergency of relations between spoken sentence (I) and set (B), between spoken sentence (I) and algorism (C), between sentence with sets (J) and algorism (C), between sentence with algorism (K) and set (B), between sentence with algorism (K) and algorism (C), besides results naming (E) from the sentence with sets (J) and with algorisms (K), to values from 1 to 9. It is considered that the procedure must be tested in other populations using, besides mathematic, other arithmetic operations, as summing and multiplying.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de palmeiras e inventário quali-quantitativo de 18 praças do município de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-29)
Negreiros, Gisele de Freitas
;
Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
This work was done at São Carlos city, SP state. In the first and second chapter the experiments were carried out on the seed germination laboratory and experimental garden, from Botany Departament, at UFSCar. The objective of the first chapter was identify differences on seed quality, among four Palmae species, when submitted to accelerated aging. Dypsis lutescens, Euterpe edulis, Phoenix reclinata and Roystonea oleracea were exposed to 0;12; 24; 36 and 48 hours inside the camara at 45ºC and 100% of R.U. After, they were evaluated in relation to germination and seedling vigor in a green house. Dypsis lutescens and Euterpe edulis presented the great sensibility to adverse effects of accelerated aging. The period of 48 hours inside the aging camara was critical for the vigor parameters evaluated for Phoenix reclinata and Roystonea oleracea. The seed size influence on physiological quality and seedling development was determinated in the second chapter. Dypsis lutescens, Euterpe edulis, Euterpe oleracea and Phoenix reclinata were select in relation to seed size and 100 seeds weight. After, the germination and seedling vigor were analysed in a green house. Differences among the species were recorded in relation to the vigor parameter evaluated, and the influence of seed size was confirmed. In the third chapter, the objective was to develop a method to evaluated quail and quantitatively 18 squares from São Carlos city, including basic structures, green areas, conservation and Palmae species, as well as the square history. Several periodic visits were done and people opinion was recorded. Bibliography references, photography records since the past until now were add. The method employed allow to contrast the squares, the plant composition and the identification of Palmae elements. Among the squares were identify the genera: Phoenix, Syagrus, Roystonea, Archontophoenix, Caryota, Dypsis and Livistona. The squares that offer the better structure and green area for the people are: Coronel Paulino Carlos and Dr. Christiano Altenfelder Silva.
Variação espacial nas características da água, dos sedimentos e da macrofauna bentônica em áreas urbanizadas e em unidades de conservação na Baía da Ilha de Santa Catarina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-29)
Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto
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Barbosa, Francisco Antonio Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0932673194762377
Comparisons between urban and non-urban areas may be one method for the establishment of cause and effect relations in environmental changes provoked by urbanization in locations for which there is no historic data. The impacts of urbanization on water, sediment and the macrofaunal benthic associations were investigated using an hierarchized sample planning. The spatial variations were evaluated within a single estuary, within a single group of estuaries and between groups of urban and non-urban estuaries in the Santa Catarina Island Bay in southern Brazil. The properties of water, sediments and the benthic fauna were distinctly different between urban and non-urban areas. In the water (dissolved nutrients, particulated matter in suspension and phytoplankton biomass) and in the sediments (lead, zinc, and copper, phosphorus and polyphosphate) concentrations were higher and had greater variations in the urban estuaries than in the non-urban estuaries. In contrast, in the non-urban estuaries the concentrations were similar and often lower than those in the areas considered to be reference locations for biogeochemistry and ecotoxicology stu dies. The benthic fauna responded to the environmental changes in such a way that it can be separated in association with sensitive species, including Nephtys fluviatilis, Heteromastus similis and Kalliapseudes schubarti and in association with tolerant species, including the polychaete Laeonereis acuta and by a non-identified oligochaete Tubificidae. The study results indicate that in shallow coastal ecosystems the benthic and pelagic compartments are closely linked. Not only the changes in the characteristics of the sediments, but the water properties are also directly related to the changes in the fauna.
Digestão e metabolismo de Jundia Rhamdia quelen submetido a diferentes regimes alimentares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-29)
Melo, José Fernando Bibiano
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
This work was done at the Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, UFSCar, and at the Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular da Universidade de Barcelona. We proposed studying digestive and metabolic features of fasted juveniles jundia Rhamdia quelen and fed on 20, 27 34 and 41% of protein in isocaloric diets. It was studied the hematological parameters, the immune system, the weight gain, the metabolic intermediates (glucose, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, free amino acids, glycogen, protein, ammonia and urea), the digestive enzymes (unspecific proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase), the enzymes of protein metabolism and excretion (Alanine aminotransferase ALT, Aspartate aminotransferase AST, Glutamate dehydrogenase GDH e Arginase), and the enzymes of the sugar metabolism (Glucokinase GK, 6-phosphofructo 1-kinase PFK1, Pyruvate kinase PK, FBP1, 6-phosphogluconte dehydrogenase 6GPDH and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase G6PDH). We observed that the immune system of jundia was unaltered by the nutritional changes. The digestive enzymes were responsive to the feed protein. The activities of the protein metabolism enzymes increased with the dietary protein likely to the protein synthesis demanded by growth. Excretion of nitrogenous compounds as consequence of amino acids surplus was observed. The activity of some of sugar metabolism enzymes was changed and the concentration of metabolic intermediates was altered with the availability of protein. We concluded that the digestive enzymes of jundia are inductive, responsive to the dietary protein. The increase of protein in diets leaded to weight gain, higher production of nitrogen wastes, and gluconeogenesis for the metabolical demands.
Intervenção com crianças pré-escolares agressivas: suporte à escola e à família em ambiente natural.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-29)
Ormeño, Gabriela Isabel Reyes
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9293121890121178
Children s aggressive behaviors are related to the multiple contexts of their lives, such as the say the family, school and other social institutions. This study had the aim of evaluating an early intervention program with aggressive pre-school children, involving parents and pre-school teachers in order to improve a reduction on the level of aggressive behaviors, as well as increasing adaptive ones. Three male to sixyear old children, their mothers and school teachers participated of the study. Initially observations of the aggressive behavior of the children were done at school with the aid of a protocol of observation and recording of aggressive behavior. An initial interview with mothers and teachers were also done. The intervention with the children consisted in two sessions of 45 minutes each per week throughout six months, in which topics like: rules impositions, alternative ways to aggressive responses and conflict resolution were discussed. These skills were taught using games, exercises and role-play. The intervention with the mothers occurred once a week and had the goal of capacitating them in terms of managing the behaviors of their children, increasing positive interactions as well as optimizing their support systems and decreasing stressors In regards. to the teachers, there was one 45 minute meeting at school during the Physical Education classes with the purpose of helping them to deal with aggressive situations of their students. The procedure involved a multiple-base-line among participants. Results showed that the children decreased their aggressive behavior in a significant way using alternative behavior to meet their needs. The mothers pointed out that the intervention was useful, improving the quality among their interpersonal relations, especially with their children. The teachers reported that the researcher had established a differential procedure in regards to the children, and this lowered aggressions in their presence. One of the contributions of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of an early intervention program with aggressive children; nevertheless the program had little generalization to the classroom. It would be important that future studies focus on the teacher-student as well as children-family interactions.