Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2004-03-29"

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Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de palmeiras e inventário quali-quantitativo de 18 praças do município de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-29)
Negreiros, Gisele de Freitas
;
Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
This work was done at São Carlos city, SP state. In the first and second chapter the experiments were carried out on the seed germination laboratory and experimental garden, from Botany Departament, at UFSCar. The objective of the first chapter was identify differences on seed quality, among four Palmae species, when submitted to accelerated aging. Dypsis lutescens, Euterpe edulis, Phoenix reclinata and Roystonea oleracea were exposed to 0;12; 24; 36 and 48 hours inside the camara at 45ºC and 100% of R.U. After, they were evaluated in relation to germination and seedling vigor in a green house. Dypsis lutescens and Euterpe edulis presented the great sensibility to adverse effects of accelerated aging. The period of 48 hours inside the aging camara was critical for the vigor parameters evaluated for Phoenix reclinata and Roystonea oleracea. The seed size influence on physiological quality and seedling development was determinated in the second chapter. Dypsis lutescens, Euterpe edulis, Euterpe oleracea and Phoenix reclinata were select in relation to seed size and 100 seeds weight. After, the germination and seedling vigor were analysed in a green house. Differences among the species were recorded in relation to the vigor parameter evaluated, and the influence of seed size was confirmed. In the third chapter, the objective was to develop a method to evaluated quail and quantitatively 18 squares from São Carlos city, including basic structures, green areas, conservation and Palmae species, as well as the square history. Several periodic visits were done and people opinion was recorded. Bibliography references, photography records since the past until now were add. The method employed allow to contrast the squares, the plant composition and the identification of Palmae elements. Among the squares were identify the genera: Phoenix, Syagrus, Roystonea, Archontophoenix, Caryota, Dypsis and Livistona. The squares that offer the better structure and green area for the people are: Coronel Paulino Carlos and Dr. Christiano Altenfelder Silva.
Variação espacial nas características da água, dos sedimentos e da macrofauna bentônica em áreas urbanizadas e em unidades de conservação na Baía da Ilha de Santa Catarina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-29)
Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto
;
Barbosa, Francisco Antonio Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0932673194762377
Comparisons between urban and non-urban areas may be one method for the establishment of cause and effect relations in environmental changes provoked by urbanization in locations for which there is no historic data. The impacts of urbanization on water, sediment and the macrofaunal benthic associations were investigated using an hierarchized sample planning. The spatial variations were evaluated within a single estuary, within a single group of estuaries and between groups of urban and non-urban estuaries in the Santa Catarina Island Bay in southern Brazil. The properties of water, sediments and the benthic fauna were distinctly different between urban and non-urban areas. In the water (dissolved nutrients, particulated matter in suspension and phytoplankton biomass) and in the sediments (lead, zinc, and copper, phosphorus and polyphosphate) concentrations were higher and had greater variations in the urban estuaries than in the non-urban estuaries. In contrast, in the non-urban estuaries the concentrations were similar and often lower than those in the areas considered to be reference locations for biogeochemistry and ecotoxicology stu dies. The benthic fauna responded to the environmental changes in such a way that it can be separated in association with sensitive species, including Nephtys fluviatilis, Heteromastus similis and Kalliapseudes schubarti and in association with tolerant species, including the polychaete Laeonereis acuta and by a non-identified oligochaete Tubificidae. The study results indicate that in shallow coastal ecosystems the benthic and pelagic compartments are closely linked. Not only the changes in the characteristics of the sediments, but the water properties are also directly related to the changes in the fauna.
Digestão e metabolismo de Jundia Rhamdia quelen submetido a diferentes regimes alimentares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-29)
Melo, José Fernando Bibiano
;
Moraes, Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
This work was done at the Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, UFSCar, and at the Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular da Universidade de Barcelona. We proposed studying digestive and metabolic features of fasted juveniles jundia Rhamdia quelen and fed on 20, 27 34 and 41% of protein in isocaloric diets. It was studied the hematological parameters, the immune system, the weight gain, the metabolic intermediates (glucose, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, free amino acids, glycogen, protein, ammonia and urea), the digestive enzymes (unspecific proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase), the enzymes of protein metabolism and excretion (Alanine aminotransferase ALT, Aspartate aminotransferase AST, Glutamate dehydrogenase GDH e Arginase), and the enzymes of the sugar metabolism (Glucokinase GK, 6-phosphofructo 1-kinase PFK1, Pyruvate kinase PK, FBP1, 6-phosphogluconte dehydrogenase 6GPDH and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase G6PDH). We observed that the immune system of jundia was unaltered by the nutritional changes. The digestive enzymes were responsive to the feed protein. The activities of the protein metabolism enzymes increased with the dietary protein likely to the protein synthesis demanded by growth. Excretion of nitrogenous compounds as consequence of amino acids surplus was observed. The activity of some of sugar metabolism enzymes was changed and the concentration of metabolic intermediates was altered with the availability of protein. We concluded that the digestive enzymes of jundia are inductive, responsive to the dietary protein. The increase of protein in diets leaded to weight gain, higher production of nitrogen wastes, and gluconeogenesis for the metabolical demands.
Intervenção com crianças pré-escolares agressivas: suporte à escola e à família em ambiente natural.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-29)
Ormeño, Gabriela Isabel Reyes
;
Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9293121890121178
Children s aggressive behaviors are related to the multiple contexts of their lives, such as the say the family, school and other social institutions. This study had the aim of evaluating an early intervention program with aggressive pre-school children, involving parents and pre-school teachers in order to improve a reduction on the level of aggressive behaviors, as well as increasing adaptive ones. Three male to sixyear old children, their mothers and school teachers participated of the study. Initially observations of the aggressive behavior of the children were done at school with the aid of a protocol of observation and recording of aggressive behavior. An initial interview with mothers and teachers were also done. The intervention with the children consisted in two sessions of 45 minutes each per week throughout six months, in which topics like: rules impositions, alternative ways to aggressive responses and conflict resolution were discussed. These skills were taught using games, exercises and role-play. The intervention with the mothers occurred once a week and had the goal of capacitating them in terms of managing the behaviors of their children, increasing positive interactions as well as optimizing their support systems and decreasing stressors In regards. to the teachers, there was one 45 minute meeting at school during the Physical Education classes with the purpose of helping them to deal with aggressive situations of their students. The procedure involved a multiple-base-line among participants. Results showed that the children decreased their aggressive behavior in a significant way using alternative behavior to meet their needs. The mothers pointed out that the intervention was useful, improving the quality among their interpersonal relations, especially with their children. The teachers reported that the researcher had established a differential procedure in regards to the children, and this lowered aggressions in their presence. One of the contributions of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of an early intervention program with aggressive children; nevertheless the program had little generalization to the classroom. It would be important that future studies focus on the teacher-student as well as children-family interactions.
Contribuições ao estudo da secagem em um leito pneumático vertical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-30)
Narimatsu, Cristiane Pirola
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
Pneumatic dryers are widely applied in industry, mainly because the transport of particulate material can be performed simultaneously with heating and drying operations. However, the design of such equipment is still based on empirical knowledge and fundamental researches on drying still need further development because few experimental works in literature focus simultaneously the momentum, heat and mass transfer mechanisms involved during a drying process. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to analyze the fluid dynamic and thermal behavior in a vertical pneumatic bed by carrying out experimental investigation and analyzing the variables and parameters involved in the process through correlations available in literature and mathematical models, aiming to contribute for a better understanding of the drying phenomena. In the tests was employed a drying bed made of galvanized iron with diameter of 53.4mm, length of 4.1m. The solids are fed into the tube by a gravitational feeder. The experimental data were obtained for two materials: glass spheres (flat surface and non porous structures) and alumina particles (wrinkled surface and porous structures), both with mean diameter of 3.68mm. From experimental results, it was possible to check the operational behavior of the solids feeder, to estimate the fluid-wall attrition coefficient and to identify the flow regimes by locating the dilute and dense phase regions in curves of pressure gradient versus air velocity. The thermal analysis was accomplished by measuring gas and solids temperature profiles and also by solving the energy balances applied to solid and fluid phases. Therefore, it was possible to compare the experimental and theoretical profiles of gas and solids temperatures and also to determine the gas-solid heat transfer coefficient under different conditions of solid flow rates and air velocity. A comparison between the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop versus air velocity curves shows that the gas-solid heat transfer coefficients are higher in the transition between the dense and dilute regimes. Concerning the investigation of drying in pneumatic beds, it was observed that it is very difficult to measure precisely the local values of gas and solid moistures and the solids temperature, mainly at dilute flow conditions. Through the simulation of one-dimensional mathematical models from Rocha (1988) and Pelegrina and Crapiste (2001) it was verified that the theoretical profiles of gas and solids temperature and moisture are strongly dependent on the correlations used for estimation of heat transfer coefficients. It can be concluded that further studies on the drying in pneumatic beds require the improvement of experimental techniques and the development of new methodologies aiming the validation of models.
Biologia reprodutiva do cíclídeo neotropical ornamental acará disco, Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1840 (Osteichthyes: Perciformes: Cichlidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-30)
Câmara, Mércia Rocha da
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
Chellappa, Sathyabama
;
The Neotropical cichlid fish red discus, Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1840 originates from the Amazonian basin. Though this species is popularly used in aquaria and is exported as an ornamental fish, it has not been intensively studied. As such, this work was carried out with an objective to study the reproductive biology of this species. Eighty individuals of both sexes of different body sizes and in different stages of gonadal development were used in this study. The gonads were examined macroscopically in order to observe the maturation stages and histological staining was used for microscopic observations. The fecundity, type of spawning and the gonadosomatic index were determined. Aggressive interactions and territoriality between mature males of different body sizes were observed in neutral situation. The results of macroscopic observations of the gonads of both sexes showed the four stages of gonadal development, such as, immature, maturing, mature and partially spent. Microscopic examinations showed five different phases of the ovarian development and four testicular developmental stages. The average fecundity per batch was 536 oocytes. The gonads of the mature females showed all the different phases of oocyte development indicating the multiple spawning habit of this species. The mature males in the reproductive phase manifested aggression, territoriality and defence of territory, exhibiting differences in body size, degree of aggression and capacity of territorial defence. The bigger males were more aggressive than the smaller males. The males with established territories were preferred by the females for courtship.
Estudo do perfil de concentração em um preciptador eletrostático do tipo placa-fio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-30)
Cerda, Edmundo Eduardo Valdés
;
Coury, José Renato
The different models utilized for the calculation of the collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators are based in distinct hypotheses about the behavior of the particles inside the equipment. Hence, in one extreme they consider the particles in perfect mixture, in a flat concentration profile in turbulent flow, known as the Deutsch model, and in the other it is assumed a laminar flow without mix. Other authors proposed intermediate theoretical behaviors. However, experimental results are very scarce. Therefore, to know the real behavior inside the precipitator, an experimental method was devised to measure and determine the concentrations of the aerosol and verify which of the proposed behaviors in the literature describe adequately the data. The electrostatic precipitator utilized was of the plate-wire type, in laboratorial scale, with a 0.50 m in length and 0.20 m in width, with 6 discharge electrodes. It was observed that the points of higher concentrations occurred in the duct center and decreased towards the walls. The Deutsch model offered the best description of the experimental profile. However, it was noticed that in the entrance region, a different behavior occurred. Also, it was noticed that, with the increase of the electric field, the concentration decreased both in the center as near the wall, and this variable presented a more significant effect in the concentration than the gas velocity.
Determinação da força de adesão entre partículas e uma superfície aplicando a técnica centrífuga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-31)
Felicetti, Marcos Alceu
;
Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
The present work is dedicated to the investigation of the influence of particles size of the powdery material on the adhesion force of particle-substrate, using the centrifugal technique for different compression speeds and detachment. A centrifuge (MA - 860, Marconi Equipamentos), with maximum speed of rotation 14000 rpm, was used in the adhesion experiments and also a program of analysis of images (Image-Pro Plus 3.0). For the experiments development, two tubes were specially builded and installed in the headstock of the centrifuge. Inside of those tubes there are two adapters placed with the purpose to stand the proof disks containing the powdery material. The centrifugal force speed is generated to promote the compression (Press-on) or the detachment (Spin-off) of the particles on the surface of the disks. After the count of the particles initially stuck on the surface, the disks were returned back in the centrifuge to proceed the detachment of the particles, using different rotation speeds. After each increase of the rotational speed, the number of particles stuck on the surface of the disks is monitored. The centrifugal speed will exceed above of the adhesion force between the particle and the surface. At equilibrium, the magnitude of the centrifugal force applied equals the adhesion force. The influence of the applied forces in the adhesion of the phosphatic concentrate (ρ = 3,066 g/cm3 and dp = 14,91 µm), the manioc starch (ρ =1,491 g/cm3 and dp = 4,93 µm) and the dolomite limestone (ρ =2,838 g/cm3 and dp = 11,97 µm) on a substratum of stainless steel was investigated using the centrifugal technique. The range diameter studied for those particulate materials were of 10 - 17 µm, 17 - 24 µm and 24 - 31 µm. The particles of each powder were pressed initially on the surface of the substratum centrifuged to a private speed, and immediately after this phase, the adhesion profile was determined. All the powders obeyed a log-normal distribution of percentage of particles stuck in relation to adhesion force. It was obtained the force of geometric medium adhesion for all the powders and it was verified that there was a lineal increase with the force of compression applied initially. For polydisperse particles stuck on a surface, the necessary force to separate the particles varies proportionally to your size. And the adhesion force among particles of the three powdery materials, used in the experiments, and the surface of the disk of stainless steel increased with the increase of the size of the particles and with the increase of the compression force (press-on). the order of adherence indicated the following relationship: manioc starch > dolomite limestone > phosphatic concentrate.
Casa das mangueiras: espaço de aprendência no cotidiano de adolescentes com vivência de rua.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-31)
Lopes, Osvaldo Tadeu
;
Gonsalves, Elisa Pereira
This research work is a study of case undertaken at Escola Experimental Casa das Mangueiras, a non-governmental organization created in the 70 s and which showed to be the pioneer in the development of a pedagogic experience with teenagers of age ranging between 12 to 17 years old, who committed infractions to Law. The target of this research was to try to understand the logic which moves and gives life to the educational action of the teachers belonging to this institution, as well as, how comes out the process of re-organizing their lives (boys and girls), who experienced that situation. The empirical data was built from a spring of the researcher in the daily life of the institution, the notes made every day in a field diary; interviews were undertaken with the founders of this non-governmental organization aiming at rescuing the history of the institution and also rescuing aspects of their lives. Besides two interviews were made with a boy and a girl who re-organized their lives, leaving criminality behind. The constructed data with the subjects of research were analyzed from the Giznburg s indicatory paradigm, i.e., listening to deaf clues and putting attention to not uttered speech; Assmann s concept of learning, which does not separate cognitive process from those vital ones; Balandier and Morin, using the concept of order/disorder and the work with uncertainties; among others to cite some. The results indicated that the spirituality is an important element which gives direction to the work developed by the educators and that the pedagogic experience developed at the non-governmental organization is new and innovative due to the immersion of the educators in the daily life of the teenagers who lived in the street, by incorporating the disorder in the educators work, opening to reality and the uncertainties that life brings.
A organização do processo de trabalho na escola: uma crítica do trabalho pedagógico na formação do trabalhador em saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-31)
Travassos, Ronaldo dos Santos
;
Gonsalves, Elisa Pereira
This study is intended to approach the modifications in the organization of the process of work, which take place inside school due to the transformations in the world of work. Its main objective is to set out to investigate the changes in the organization of the pedagogical work and their implications in the technical and professional background of the workers in the field of health, because of the significant influence of capital on structuring the school direct or indirectly. This study also intends for studying the nature of school as an organization, highlighting the function of the specialists as a way of controlling the technical division in the organization of work in schools. It also highlights the ideological character of the pedagogical work responsible for the education of workers, who are meant to occupy different levels in the hierarchy of the capitalistic production by means of a correspondence between the social relations of production and the social relations of education. The conclusions indicate that the organization of schoolwork follows the principles of rationality and has a very well defined hierarchical structure. It emphasizes the culpability of school whenever it does not provide appropriate education for the workers. The pedagogical work points out to the ideological discourse of the specialized knowledge while exercising the functions in the educational system. Also, it focuses on the pedagogical work as a political act.
Produtos em homologia e cohomologia na categoria dos complexos simpliciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-31)
Bugs, Cristhian Augusto
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Penteado, Dirceu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2407287645408153
In this work we present fundamental theory to establish the coordinates of the Kronecker Index, Cup and Cap Products in the finite Simplicial Complexes category in terms of chain and cochain.
A comunicação e compreensão da informação sobre riscos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04)
Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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Pinheiro, Sonia Maria
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Oliveira Junior, José Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
Situado dentro do contexto da sociedade de risco, como concebida pelos sociólogos Beck e Giddens, o texto explora teoricamente, a partir de uma revisão da literatura, aspectos da relação entre a informação comunicada sobre os riscos e a percepção pública dos riscos. Delineia-se aspectos de dois paradigmas da área: o cognitivo e o cultural. Reconhece-se que, embora alguns resultados de pesquisas do paradigma cognitivo sejam valiosos para aqueles profissionais encarregados de comunicar informações sobre risco, o paradigma cultural oferece subsídios mais ricos para captar e analisar as compreensões ou percepções que os grupos de atores sociais detêm em relação à problemática de risco. Faz-se algumas relações com a questão atual dos transgênicos no Brasil.
O lúdico em Química : jogos e atividades aplicados ao ensino de Química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-01)
Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa
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Cavalheiro, Éder Tadeu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4745280891704797
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9698540158266610
In this work games and ludic activities are applied to chemistry teaching. In the introduction, the constructivism aspects of the theories of cognitive development are presented. Then, the ideas and theories of both ludic activities and games are considered based on its philosophic, pedagogic and social aspects. Is also proposed four interaction levels between the games and the students. In the first interaction level, the games are utilized to demonstrate an aparent reality by means of a simulation. In the second interaction level, there is a presence of game, in the sense of a competition where there are losers and winners, using a boardgame. In the third interaction level it is conceived the handling of the game by the player, and new games, new toys and new rules will result. In the fourth interaction level comics magazines are used to teach chemistry. Rules, advantages and disadvantages of using games in chemistry teaching are showed and discussed. After that, the games are evaluated based on questions and interviews with both teachers and students. The games are an excellent alternative in the classroom, raising the students interest and, as a result, their motivation. Almost of 100% of the students use to get involved in the games activities in the classroom. As a result, a better discipline is observed. Both students and teachers interact by themselves through the games leading to a improved sociability and cooperation by the players. So, the games cause the cognitive development and it is not a consequence of it.
Behaviorismo radical, ética e política: aspectos teóricos do compromisso social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-01)
Dittrich, Alexandre
;
Abib, José Antônio Damásio
O papel da interação elétron-elétron no regime Hall quântico interio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-02)
Silva, Sanderson Francisco Fernandes Pereira da
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Studart Filho, Nelson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
Experimental and theoretical studies of the aspects of particle-like and collective behavior of electrons in the proximity of the edges of two-dimensional (2DES) and quasi-one-dimensional (Q1DES) systems, named quantum wires (QWs), in semiconductor heterostructures reveal the important role of the electron-electron interaction on the edge states in the integer quantum Hall regime (IQHR). In this thesis we treat two essentially diﬀerent problems concerning the eﬀects of the electron-electron interaction in low-dimensional electron system in the IQHR. The first problem is related to the suppression of the spin-splitting of the lowest Landau level (LL) (n = 0) due to many-body eﬀects (the electron-electron interaction including exchange and correlation eﬀects of the edge states) in QWs in the IQHR, where the electron behavior is particle-like. Two scenarios are discussed for the collapse of the IQHR at ν = 1 for an electron channel of eﬀective width W modelling the QW. In the first scenario we assume that there is no electron redistribution in the region limited by W at a critical magnetic field B(1) cr , for which the Fermi level (FL) coincides with the bottom of the highest empty LL, at the threshold of the spin-splitting. For B < B(1) cr the IQHR at ν = 1 is termodinamically unstable. This scenario is analyzed within the generalized local density approximation (GLDA) developed here for the QW, at high magnetic fields - ωc À Ω, where ωc and Ω are the ciclotronic and lateral confinement (which we assume as parabolic one) frequencies, respectively. In the second scenario, we consider the possibility of a transition for the IQHR at ν = 2 with an eﬀective width W/2, at a critical magnetic field B(2) cr . In this scenario, the collapse of the IQHR at ν = 1 is studied within the Hartree-Fock approximation (HFA), when the bare factor g0 is neglected (this is a good approximation for QWs based on GaAs). We show that the contribution for the total energy coming from the direct interaction (Hartree term) has a strong eﬀect on B(2) cr due to the high electron redistribution inside the narrow channel that defines the QW at B(2) cr . In both scenarios, the enhanced spin-splitting by exchange is suppressed at the critical magnetic field. From our results, we conclude that only the first scenario explains all the experimental findings obtained by Wróbel et al. and Pallecchi et al.. In the second problem, where the collective aspects of the electron system are dominant, we study the influence of the temperature on the dispersion relation and the spatial structure of the edge magnetoplasmons (EMPs) in wide electron channels in the RHQI at ν = 1 (2) and 4, in the range ¯hωc À kB T À ¯hvH gn/2 0, for diﬀerent dissipation regimes, by extending the pioneering work by Balev and Studart; here, ¯h is the constant of Planck constant (by 2π), kB is the constant of Boltzmann, vH gn is the group velocity (in Hartree approximation) of the edge states of n-th LL, and 0 is the magnetic lenght. A new mode called the edge helicon is found which is the only one that survive for very strong dissipation regime. For a sake of completeness, the general picture of the other modes is presented in the weak dissipation regime. EMPs in the IQHR for ν = 4 are also evaluated for weak dissipation and we find strong renormalization of the pure EMPs when the Coulomb interaction is considered appropriately. In all studied cases the important eﬀect of the gate and the air from a distance d of the wide electron channel is considered.
Consciência não-linear: de William James aos sistemas dinâmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-02)
Kinouchi, Renato Rodrigues
;
Abib, José Antônio Damásio
William James’s scientific psychology was developed in order to surpass precedent approaches such as both Rationalism and Associationism. His masterpiece, The Principles of Psychology (1890), has been a mark in the history of psychological science because James already took cognitive processes as relations between the organisms and their environments. In this doctoral work, three contemporaneous cognitive theories are interpreted through James’s ideas: Artificial Intelligence, Connectionism and Dynamical Systems. This analysis, however, neither concerns scientific psychology nor philosophy of mind — in precise terms, the former examines psychological facts, and the later categorizes mental phenomena. Notwithstanding, we have done a conceptualcomparative study that categorizes the explanations proposed by those three cognitive theories. To be sure, this work should be labelled as a Philosophy of Cognitive Science. It examines theories concerned with cognition; so it is a philosophical analysis on cognitive science
Certificação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável: avaliação para o setor sucroalcooleiro localizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Mogi-Guaçi/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-02)
Rodrigues, Isabel Cristina
;
Alves, Francisco José da Costa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
The sugar cane culture always was been associated, throughout its history, with ambient degradation and social contingencies. The positioning, on the part of the sugar cane industry, with relation to the negative impacts of its activity on the environment has been defensive, limited to fulfill the legal impositions. In this context, calls the attention the initiative of some sugar cane plants that had decided to produce certified sugar cane and certified organic sugar. This work discusses the motivations that had taken these plants to adopt this system of production and the factors that had concurred for this decision. It starts from the hypothesis that the basic motivation for this decision was the search for a differentiated product, with characteristics valued for the market, and, therefore, apt to increase the profit tax and valuing the capital. The work also allows analyzing until with point the premises of the Sustainable Development are observed by the plants when of its decisions of investments. From of the definition of that the sustainable development must incorporate the regional questions, the sugar cane industry in the Hydrographic Basin of the river Mogi-Guaçu was chosen for the study, because it is in this basin that is found the biggest productive portion of this sector in the country. The research carried through in one of the productive units in the Basin allowed to the construction of a diagnosis of the activity in the regional clipping and a delineation of the necessary changes to the organic production. The resultant diagnosis of the field research allowed concluding that the environment conditions of the plants that had opted to the organic production are significantly improved, but the premises foreseen by the organic certification are incapable to contemplate all the social and environment problems of this activity. The main problems are associated to the extensive exploration of the agricultural activity and the questions of exclusion of workers and small suppliers, generating social problems in the region of the enterprise. The analysis of the plants that had opted to the conversion demonstrates different strategies between them, but the research points out that the motivation that had taken them to decide for the conversion, was directed by the search for a differentiated product. The work concludes that the tools of ambient regulation, based in the market demand, as it is the case of the certificates and labels, is insufficient to contemplate all the premises of the regional sustainable development and that still it becomes necessary the performance of the State and its agencies in the regulation of the access, use and of the occupation of the agricultural space.
Crescimento de grãos anômalos em titanato de bário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-05)
Hasegawa, Haroldo Lhou
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
;
Paulin Filho, Pedro Iris
Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) and derived material are extensively used in the manufacture for a large range of electronic components like multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC), semi-conductor devices, PTCR (positive temperature coefficient resistor) and electro-optic devices. Advanced ceramic powders preparation is playing an important role in modern ceramic research. Solid state synthesis of barium titanate has been studied in turning of the physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials with special attention to the impurity levels, particle size distribution and particle morphology. Barium titanate has been in use for more than fifty years but important of the microstructure development is still needed for electronic ceramics in the future. The present work investigates the microstructural changes, mainly abnormal grain growth during the sintering of undoped and doped BaTiO3, with yttrium and barium. Samples doped with at least 0.15% mol of yttrium presented abnormal grain in a size around 50 µm and samples doped with at least 0.15% mol of barium presented abnormal grain in a size around 25 µm. Such fact can be attributed to the presence of localized liquid phase, during the sintering, leading to formed dissolution (or precipitation) sites and resulting in abnormal grain growth.
Autoecologia do camorim, Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792), (Perciformes: Centropomidae) em ambiente hipersalino em Galinhos, RN, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-06)
Mendonça, Maisa Clari Farias Barbalho de
;
Oliveira, José Eduardo Lino
Studies were done with the objective of knowing more about the ecology of the species Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792), regarding the aspects of population dynamics, age and growth, alimentary diet and reproduction. 1179 specimens (1122 males and 57 females), were captured in the Diamante Branco salt mine, Galinhos RN, the capture period happened between February 2001 and January 2003. Every month captures were done with the aid of fishing gears, looking for a representative sample of the population. The population dynamics showed a significant difference between the monthly relative frequencies distribution and for length classes, for males and females; and the same behavior occurred with the total weight distribution classes. The sexual proportion showed the prevalence of males during the whole period; being verified in the distribution by classes of length that there was an inversion among the sexes, the males pondered in classes of smaller length and the females in the classes of larger length. The growth parameters were obtained through the method of back calculation, being verified a low growth tax (K) and a high value of the asymptotic length. The analysis of the repletion Index and the medium repletion degree showed the prevalence of stomachs empty in the whole study period; the analysis of stomach content using the Index of Relative Importance and the alimentary Index revealed that the species is carnivore, with a tendency of piscivorous, with fishes, crustaceans, mollusks and insects in the diet. The Centropomus undecimalis reproduction was established using histological cuts, characterizing the stadiums of gonadal development for males and females. The oocyte and spermatogenic development observed allow inferring that the species is protandric hermaphrodite, through the simultaneous presence of spermatogenic tissues remains and ovarian tissues in development.
Secagem em leito fixo de sementes com mucilagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-06)
Prado, Manoel Marcelo do
;
Sartori, Dermeval José Mazzini
Attempting to contribute with the studies on mucilaginous seeds drying, the objective of this work is to study the simultaneous heat and mass transfer during drying in fixed bed of papaya seeds with and without mucilage. The physical-mathematical analysis used to predict the moisture and temperature profiles during drying was based on two-phases model, according to mass and heat balances in fluid and particulate phases. A moving coordinate system, that follows the bed contraction movement, was used to take into account the shrinkage phenomenon. Experimental investigations in a drying unit at bench scale were conducted to characterize the phenomenon of shrinkage and the physical properties of material as function of moisture content, as well as to determine the temperature and moisture content distributions, which were used to evaluate the model. The equations of thermodynamics equilibrium and heat and moisture transfer rate between the solid and fluid phases were obtained from specific studies. The model equations were solved using the finite difference method. Although the beds of mucilaginous seeds had the higher heat transfer rates, their drying rates were lower than those of non-mucilaginous seeds. Bed shrinkage was nearly 30% and 12% for seeds with and without mucilage, respectively, what is directly related to superficial characteristics of each particle and moisture gradients developed during drying. The analysis of the fixed bed drying of papaya seeds, which was based on the two-phases model, corroborated the importance of the bed shrinkage for a more accurate interpretation of heat and mass phenomena involved in drying of particles with high moisture contents. It is verified that the developed model is promising to predict the drying variable and that it must be tested in correlated studies.