Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2004-04-20"

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Estudo de casos sobre a inércia térmica de edificações na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-20)
Dornelles, Kelen Almeida
;
Roriz, Maurício
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355579765506588
In this work, it was investigated the use of thermal inertia in buildings located in Sao Carlos city, SP, which presents semi-humid climate. This research aims to verify the hypothesis that the use of thermal inertia in buildings submitted to the specific climate of Sao Carlos allows to optimize the thermal performance of buildings and to reduce waste of energy to restore indoor thermal comfort. From data obtained by monitoring of seven different buildings, the thermal performance of each one was analyzed when they are submitted to typical simmer and winter conditions. To these seasons, adopting a reference day , it was estimated the heating and cooling requirement to restore the indoor comfort conditions. Besides the analyses for winter and summer seasons, it was estimated the indoor cooling and heating requirement along all moths of the year. Through this analyze, it was possible to verify the real influences of thermal inertia on the indoor comfort conditions. The results indicates that only the use of thermal inertia is insufficient to provide indoor thermal comfort conditions for buildings submitted to the specific climates of Sao Carlos. It is suggested to mach the use of thermal inertia with others passive strategies, in such a way to optimize the thermal performance of buildings.
Desempenho térmico de coberturas vegetais em edificações na cidade de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-20)
Morais, Caroline Santana de
;
Roriz, Maurício
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355579765506588
Planted roofs, known as green roofs as well, can positively contribute to the improvement of buildings thermal performance and cities climate. The advantages of the planted roofs have been object of study of several researchers along different countries. However, some quantitative data on this subject are still needed in the context of tropical climate. The aim of this work is to evaluate the thermal performance of a planted roof and how it influences the thermal protection of the building, in accordance with São Carlos climatic conditions. The investigations were implemented for not only winter, but summer too. During both periods, air relative humidity, surface and air temperature measurements were taken at the indoor and the outdoor environment of the building prototype. Moreover, a comparison between a bare roof and of a green roof was made, using the same building prototype. The outdoor surface temperature for the bare roof and the leaves, which cover the green roof, was estimated through a Jardim 1.0 computational program. Data of global solar irradiance and wind velocity, necessary to estimate the outdoor surface temperatures, were achieved through a weather station. The analysis were ordered according to the thermal performances of the roofs in each one of the situations, separately, and between one and other situation. By field measurements, during the winter and the summer, smaller thermal amplitudes were noticed for the green roof. In the winter, the green roof presented medium thermal amplitude 70% smaller than the bare roof. During the summer, the amount of heat coming into the building prototype was reduced by the green roof. These and other results indicate the major green roof capacity of reducing daily temperature variations and thermal ranges. It has been confirmed that planted roofs effectively contribute to improve the thermal benefits being both, cost and energy effective, for the buildings and their surrounding environment.
Influências de substâncias húmicas nas características bionômicas, toxicocidade e bioacumulação de cobre por Ceriodaphnia silvestrii Daday (Crustacea, Cladocera)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-23)
Santos, Maria Alice Penna Firme dos
;
Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
Effects of different food sources and culture medium on life history traits of Ceriodaphnia silvestrii were studied under controlled conditions. Animals were submitted to five different treatments: (1) autoclaved natural water filtered through plankton net of 20µm mesh size, supplied with Chlorella lacustris as food source; (2) autoclaved natural water filtered through plankton net of 20µm mesh size, supplied with Scenedesmus bijugus; (3) soft reconstituted water supplied with S. bijugus; (4) soft reconstituted water supplied with S. bijugus plus humic substances (20mg L-1); and (5) hard reconstituted water supplied with S. bijugus. Observations were performed at 12 hours intervals from organism birth until its natural death. All treatments were kept in a 25±1 ºC temperature. Instantaneous rate of population increase (r) was calculated for all treatments. Body length-dry weight relationship was also established. Results showed longer longevity in C. lacustris treatment, and better fecundity on treatment with natural water and S. bijugus. In the treatment with artificial medium, fecundity and growing parameters were lower than in natural water treatment. Increased hardness did not affect reproduction and growth values. Humic substances addition resulted in greater fecundity and survival values. Copper acute toxicity to Ceriodaphnia silvestrii (Cladocera, Daphnidae), was also studied in the absence and presence of humic substances (HS). Groups of 20 adult females of similar sizes were exposed to copper (total concentration range from 10-8 to 10-5 M) for a period of 24h. LC50 was estimated by the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. It revealed that humic substances altered LC50 from 4.4 x 10-8 M without humic substances to 1.1x10-6 M with 20mg HS L-1 in the medium. Free copper ions were determined in test media and it showed that humic substances reduced Cu2+ concentration. LC50 values based on total copper concentration varied significantly between the two treatments. However, when lethality was estimated based on free ion concentrations, the values were similar: 3.3 x 10-8 M without humic substances, and 2.8 x 10-8 M when HS were present in the medium. Moreover, C. silvestrii is capable of regulating its body copper levels over a range of copper availabilities, as so many other crustaceans. As also reported, humic substances did not influence copper bioaccumulation by C. silvestrii.
A influência da geometria do domínio sobre a existência de equilíbrios estáveis não-constantes para alguns sistemas parabólicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-23)
Madeira, Gustavo Ferron
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Nascimento, Arnaldo Simal do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609243657130387
In this work we study the problem of existence of non-constant stable equilibria to some parabolic systems. Specifically, the Ginzburg-Landau system, the Landau-Lifshitz system and systems with skew-gradient structure. In all cases, we note that the geometry of the domain has a fundamental role in the problem above: if the domain has a smooth boundary and is convex, then there are no non-constant stable equilibrium solutions, that is, every non-constant equilibrium is unstable.
Aprendizagem observacional, formação e expansão de classes de equivalência.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-23)
Piccolo, Adriana Aparecida Tambasco
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4282885195721660
Observational learning of conditional discrimination has been described in the literature, with results thus far yielding few conclusions. The present study investigated the conditions under which observational learning of conditional discrimination lead to the formation and expansion of equivalence classes in different populations. Served as participants in Experiments 1, 2 and 3, college students; in Experiment 4, preschool children and, in Experiment 5, children and adolescents with special education needs. Experiment 1 systematically replicated an earlier experiment carried out with mentally retarded adults with increased control over stimuli presentation and the demonstrators responses. The experimental stimuli were familiar pictures, and instructions for the participant to observe were introduced. First, BA relations were taught, followed by modeling of CA relations, and by tests of baseline and emergent relations. Finally, modeling of two new relations involving stimulus sets D and E and tests for expanded classes were introduced. All six participants learned the conditional discriminations, and showed equivalence class formation and only one of them did not show class expansion. Experiment 2 had an experimental design analogous to Experiment 1, but all the conditional relations were taught through modeling. Three of four participants learned the conditional discriminations and showed formation and expansion of classes. Experiment 3 extended the Experiment 1 results to three classes of abstract stimuli, all six participants learned the conditional discrimination and 5 of them showed formation and expansion of equivalence classes. In Experiment 4, eight preschool children were submitted to a similar procedure, but with familiar pictures were used as stimuli and tokens that could be exchanged for a gift at the end of the session, regardless of their performance. Six of eight participants learned relations BA and CA and showed equivalence class formation and two of them showed class expansion. In Experiment 5, children and adolescents with special needs were taught BA and CA relations only through modeling. The delay between the demonstrator s behavior and the participants response was manipulated as well as the reinforcement system, and seemed to be important for three out of six participants. The remaining three participants did not learn the relations even after protracted training. In general, observational learning occurred for all populations investigated. Further investigation, however, is necessary to clarify the role of the observational response, differential reinforcement and the delay between demonstration and response, the demonstrator as a conditioned reinforcer, and other reinforcement sources for the observer s behavior.
Privatização, mudança organizacional e novas relações de trabalho: um caso do setor de energia elétrica.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-23)
Alves, Agda de Fátima
;
Grün, Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
This study analyses the process of organizational change and the new work relations decurrent of the privatization of eletric sector companies in São Paulo. The privatization of the State companies appears as an important mark in that process of change, because represent the necessity of to adapt the companies towards the new scenery occasioned by aperture of brazilian economy. The study focused on the point of view of an electric energy distributer company s employees, through twenty interviews with employees in various posts. These changes transformed the company organization and also brought consequences to the work relations and society. The centre of discussion was the appearing of new work relations, which was felt by workers as negative consequences, at least in this prime moment of adaptation to the new standard of life.
Subclonagem e expressão do domínio catalítico da jararagina: estudo do efeito das modificações pós-traducionais na atividade hemorrágica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-23)
Sánchez, Liliana Torcoroma García
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
Metalloproteases are Zn++-dependent peptidase enzymes, richly found in Crotalidae and Viperidae snake venoms. Most snake venom metalloproteases (svMPs) are active on extracellular matrix components and this effect is thought to result in bleeding as a consequence of the basement membrane disruption in capillaries. Jararhagin is a hemorrhagic svMP from Bothrops jararaca venom. This enzyme has proteolytic activity on fibrinogen and fibronectin and inhibits collagen-induced platelet-aggregation in vitro. Its amino acid sequence corresponds to a N-terminal metalloprotease domain, a disintegrin-like and a C-terminal Cysteine-rich, being classified as a P-III snake venom metalloprotease (svMP). This work describes the expression, purification and successful refolding of the recombinant catalytic domain of jararhagin. The heterologous protein was produced in E.coli, an in vivo expression system that does not make post-translational modifications. The recombinant refolded protein did not show any hemorrhagic activity in mice skin, as well as, the native deglycosylated jararhagin. However, they preserved their proteolytic activity on fibrinogen and fibronectin. It seems that the hemorrhagic properties of these hemorrhagins are dependent on post-translational modifications, whereas their proteolytic activity is not completely dependent on such modifications.
Análise do desenvolvimento de conceitos científicos sobre a teoria da evolução das espécies em alunos do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-26)
Silva, Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da
;
Basso, Itacy Salgado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699024298055259
In this investigation we have analyzed the development of scientific concepts of students engaged in a teaching intervention on the theme Evolution of the species . That activity had as main characteristics: a) its structure was formulated in a way that aimed on stimulating students reasoning and interfering in one s conception on the theme; b) it was also supported by a teaching instrument that was elaborated with the purpose of simulating the evolutionary process and create a proper environment to develop the intended activities. This intervention, in which the researcher acted as the teacher and students of a University s exam preparatory course participated as volunteers, was meant to generate a diagnosis on the ideas of the participants and also interfere and evaluate (at the end of the process) those. For such, the intervention was subdivided in three phases: Diagnostic Evaluation, Development and Evaluation of the Learning Process. In order to make the investigation possible, a series of data were collected. The concerned: i) the ideas and concepts of the students; ii) the conditions of the learning available to them; iii) teachers interventions; iv) teacher-student interactions; v) different ways of utilizing the teaching instrument. Having in mind the objective of this research, as said before, the same kinds of data were gathered in all phases of the intervention and were subject of analysis regarding each phase and the whole process. As a result of the research we were able to characterize the conceptual development of the participants along the process. One could observe that there was development of elements of the scientific concepts, but the development of a system of meanings, consisting on genuine scientific meanings, that had just began. This partial development enabled us to highlight the importance of the cognitive work of systematization and application of concepts, in order that the process of learning scientific concepts happens through a acquisition of a system of meanings consisting on concepts with a high level of conscience and generalization. We were able to conclude that the consideration of Vygotski s theory on the teaching practice related to science concepts can offer a huge advancement in a significant learning of these concepts. We also identified the important role of the reasoning and actions of the teacher along the process, including his knowledge on the students ideas, on their learning process. In addiction, we have some conclusions about the teaching instrument role in the intervention: was positive in generating motivation on participating in many of the activities done during the intervention; had a positive role in the diagnosis of the students ideas; it helped establishing rules about the use of the instrument when regarding the discussions and situations that were good for the learning process, but it related to some learning difficulties presented by the students; it collaborated in proposing e developing activities that articulated scientific concepts and thought operations ; was possible to allow the central role of the conduction, by the teacher, of the activities related to the instrument to characterize the activity.
Uma ferramenta de visualização para redes neurais artificiais do tipo neocognitron
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-26)
Zanetti, Bruno
;
Saito, José Hiroki
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
Some Artificial Neural Networks may increase their size significantly with its use, making it difficult for a human being study it well. The networks of the Neocognitron model are an example of this kind of network, increasing its initial size many times before the end of their training. Using Scientific Visualization techniques, we obtained a tool that allows the user to see in details a neocognitron network actually working, be it during its training time or the recognition process. This allows a better comprehension of the whole model , as it helps in the construction of a network by allowing experimentation with the parameters of the model. Powering this tool is a library of classes, that can be used separately to the implementation of new ways of visualization or in new simulators of other models of neural networks.
Aplicação de técnicas de análise de imagens na quantificação da concentração celular no cultivo de células de inseto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-26)
Garófano, Gerson José Rizzo
;
Almeida, Paulo Ignácio Fonseca de
;
Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
Paradoxally, in spite of the cellular concentration to be the most important variable in a bioprocess, in practice is the less monitored as a consequence of the experimental difficulty found in its quantification in an aseptic, non invasive, discriminative (viable and not viable), in real time and, above all, in reliable way. For this reason, little progress has been reached in the quantification of cellular concentration in bioprocesses, situation that creates difficulties for the application of knowledge based techniques for control and bioprocesses optimization in large scale. The analysis of digital images is being investigated as a promising tool for quantification of the cellular concentration seeking for monitoring and control of bioprocesses. In this work, the growth of the insect cells Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Dosophila melanogaster(S2), was accompanied when cultivated in Schott shaken flasks, in complex medium in temperatures and pHs convenient for each species. The new Wavelet transform was used for the processing of the images making use of an application of MATLAB 5.2 and the obtained results along the cultures with the two cells were compared with experimental measurements of cellular concentration and with computational measurements of Densitometry of the acquired images. The results indicate that the Wavelet transform technique as well as the Densitometry are potential alternative for estimation the cellular growth of insect cells.
A situação escolar na perspectiva do aluno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-28)
Rodrigues, Eglen Sílvia Pípi
;
Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3996413567500385
This work aimed to investigate what vision children in the first grades in urban suburban public school have about the school situation . The goals of this work were: to discover how children describe, analize and qualify the types of learning they acquire at school, to realize what types of relationship they develop with the institution; to verify if there is any relation between content which is taught at school and their lives. The literature chosen for the data analysis intended to discuss some important concepts about this issue, such as: the democratization of public learning, the individuals in the school universe, their relation to knowledge, the dialogistical relation in the classroom, among other. The research was conducted by means of semi-structed interviews with four boys and two girls that attended the same school, but had diversed school performance. The interviews occurred in two different moments: at first, when all of them attended the fourth grade in Brazilian elementary school (2001) and, later, when four of them attended the fifth grade and two remained in the previous grade, after having failed the exams (2002). Data have shown that the perception those boys and girls have about the function of school involves both the socialization that the institution promotes (social intimacy and insertion) and its role as a formative agent (in content and citizenship formal/instrumental). As for their effective learning, data have shown that those children have learned the socialization content, but not all of them have had access to the formal/instrumental content: after having failed the exams for several times, once more the two oldest boys finished the fourth grade in Brazilian elementary school without being able to read and write, and they resented that. Listening to boys and girls and with them stablishing an open dialog about school and learning has proved to be an absolute need in the construction of a more democratic and democratizing school.
Determinação do limiar de anaerobiose durante o exercício físico dinâmico em homens hipertensos de meia-idade: análise da resposta de variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e musculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-29)
Otterço, Albaiza Nicoletti
;
Silva, Ester da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0120120410847507
Purpose: quantify the anaerobic threshold (AT), by analysis of the response of heart rate (HR), surface electromyography (SEMG) and the ventilatory and metabolic variables, using mathematical methods and compare with ventilatory visual method to estimate the aerobic ability in hypertensive middle-aged man. Methods: nine middle-aged man (56,77 ± 2,81 years), active, with arterial hypertension, no medication, subject a baseline to control for evaluate the arterial blood pressure profile, was done three times a week during two weeks, in supine, seated and stand up position. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was recorded in the appearing as the first sound (first-phase Korotkoff), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as the fifth sound (fifth-phase Korotkoff). All subjects were submit a performed ramp continuous dynamic physical exercise test (RCDPET), in electromagnetic cycloergometer (Corival 400) in 4 W during 4 minutes, follow up increment of 15 or 20 W/min, until exhaustion and/or sign limit. Heart rate was collected in real time, on a beat-to-beat basis (electrocardiogram ECAFIX TC500), during all RCDPET, vastus lateralis SEMG activity was collected continuous (Lynx Tecnology Eletronic Ltd) and the ventilatory and metabolic variables VO2 e VCO2 were also collected breath-bybreath quantification of ventilatory volumes and gas exchanges (CPX/D MedGraphics). Workload, heart rate (HR), VO2, VCO2 and surface electromyography (SEMG) analysis by 5 different methods: ventilatory visual graphic method (VVM) used with gold standard, linear-linear bissegmentar mathematical model method (LLMM) applied to carbon dioxide output data and Hinkley mathematical model method applied to heart rate data (HMM-HR), VCO2 data (HMMVCO2) and RMS index of SEMG activity data (HMM-RMS), who appoint exercise level in was to detect the AT. Workload, heart rate (HR), VO2, VCO2 and surface electromyography (SEMG) were statistical analysis to non-parametric tests were selected: Friedman test for repeated measures followed by post-hoc Dunn test for multiple comparisons and Spearman correlation test was also used. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: HMM-VCO2 model present significant difference (p<0,05) when compare with four methods (MVV, MMLL, HMM-FC and HMM-RMS) for values of workload. For values of VCO2 and heart rate, HMM-VCO2 model present significant differed (p<0,05) when compare with HMM-FC and HMM-RMS models; for values of VO2, HMM-VCO2 model present significant difference (p<0,05) when compare with MMLL, HMM-FC and HMM-RMS models. The HMM-VCO2 model present for all variables minor values in relation the MVV, MMLL, HMM-FC and HMM-RMS models. It was observed no significant correlations (p>0,05) when VVM (gold standard) model was correlation with LLMM (rs=0,56), HMM-HR (rs=0,40), HMM-VCO2 (rs=0,43) and HMM- RMS (rs=0,40) in AT power output values detected by the gold standard. However, it was observed significant correlations (p<0,05) in the correlation workload and VO2 (rs=0,75), and workload and HR (rs=0,69) values when utilize VVM (gold standard) model. Conclusions: the results found in the present investigation suggest that the mathematical models were effective in detecting the response pattern changes in variables (HR, VO2, VCO2 e RMS index of SEMG activity) detecting adequately the AT and the date of workload, heart rate 30 (HR), VO2, VCO2 and surface electromyographic (SEMG) analyze the HMM-VCO2 model present for all variables minor values, and this fact can be associated to hypertensive subjects have a increases in the sympathetic nervous system outflow and than might contribute to prevalence of anaerobic metabolism in the energetic production and this fact can be associated with different skeletal muscle fiber composition, with relative preponderance of glycolytic fast-twitch (type II-b) over oxidative fast-twitch (type II-a) or slow-twitch (type I) and than might contribute to impaired aerobic metabolism. The methodological limitation in this study in no carry out the biopsy to muscle, propose the continuation this topic in this study.
Dinâmica da alimentação de peixes piscívoros da Represa de Três Marias (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Peret, André Moldenhauer
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6651955939013556
The fish feeding study is a valuable tool on understanding the interactions between populations in a community. The Três Marias reservoir, on the high region of the São Francisco River (MG), is a typically oligotrophic environment with a high density of piscivorous fishes (about 20% of the total icthyomass). To support this trophic guild on environments like this, it is expected a high aloctone matter input. In such environment, in the high waters period, the marginal area is flooded, providing food to the fodder species, which support the piscívorous communities. During this period, the contribution of terrestrial insects is fundamental to support many fish species. It was analyzed the stomach content of five piscívorous species (Serrasalmus brandti, Pygocentrus piraya, Pachyurus squamipennis, Acestrorhynchus britskii and Acestrorhynchus lacustris) in four distinct periods of the year and four stations in the reservoir. The food items importance was estimated using the feeding index. S brandti was the only piscívorous species responsible for the incorporation of aloctone matter, basically terrestrial insects. The other species showed a high niche overlap during the high waters period (higher food providing), when they feed basically upon Anchoviella vaillanti, and had a wide niche overlap reduction in the low waters period, what characterizes a niche displacement. It was detected, on the station that receives domestic waste, a reduction on the niche overlap, an indication of a change on the food offer, as a consequence of the environmental pollution or even of the enrichment by the additional organic matter input.
Influência da incorporação de poli(ácido lático) - PLA, de pó de madeira e outros aditivos no comportamento físico-mecânico do poli(hidroxibutirato) - PHB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Falcone, Daniele Maria Bruno
;
Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8438856690765294
Polymeric materials are used today in the most varied sectors and the deleterious effects of their application, particularly in the short-term, have led to increasing environmental concern. On the other hand, innovative biodegradable polymers, which promise to offset these effects, are still hampered by their high cost and often unsatisfactory performance. In view of this fact, a study was made of poly(hydroxybutyrate)/poly(lactic acid) - PHB/PLA; poly(hydroxybutyrate)/wood powder-PHB/WP; and PHB/other modifiers (starch, rice chaff, sugarcane bagasse fiber) blends and compounds. These blends and compounds were evaluated and characterized using the following techniques: Melt Flow Index (MFI), Capillary Rheometry, Torque Rheometry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), Physical and Mechanical Tensile and Impact tests, Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) tests, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results obtained indicated the immiscibility of the PHB/PLA blends. The absence of transesterification reactions in the PHB/PLA blends was verified by TG. From the standpoint of mechanical properties, the PHB/PLA blends generally displayed characteristics superior to those of pure polymers. On the other hand, the polymeric compounds containing wood powder displayed rigidity and greater brittleness due to the lack of adhesion between the wood powder and the polymer, as indicated by SEM. This study therefore indicated that it is possible to obtain materials with adequate physical and mechanical characteristics that are viable particularly for short-term applications.
Contribuição para o conhecimento do gênero Chironomus Meigen, 1803 na região neotropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Correia, Leny Célia da Silva
;
Strixino, Susana Trivinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
The present work aimed to study one of the most used genera in water quality assessment, Chironomus, identifying and/or describing the species inhabiting aquatic systems of the State of São Paulo with varied ecological features. The study area included 27 aquatic systems consisting of lentic habitats (lakes, reservoirs, temporary pools, waste stabilization lagoons and fish ponds) and lotic habitats (streams, rivers and drainage channels) at different localities of Mogi-Guaçu and Tietê-Jacaré hydrographic sub-basins. The sampling and analyses followed the conventional methods used in taxonomic and limnological studies. The survey resulted in the identification of 16 Chironomus species, including 7 new records to the State of São Paulo and 8 new species. Besides C. sancticaroli Strixino & Strixino, 1981, a species previously recorded in the State of São Paulo, I identified the immatures and adults of C. calligraphus Goeldi, 1905, C. gigas Reiss, 1974, C. latistylus Reiss, 1974, C. paragigas Reiss, 1974, C. strenzkei Fittkau, 1968, C. stigmaterus Say, 1823 and C. columbiensis Wülker et al., 1989. Some species were sampled in similar habitats, indicating a possible relation with them. C. gigas, C. paragigas and C. latistylus were collected only in lentic systems with low antropic influence. The immatures of C. sp. 1, C. sp. 5 and C. sp. 6 were sampled only in association with aquatic macrophytes growing in lakes and stream pools. C. sp. 3 and C. sp. 4 inhabited temporary pools with great amounts of detritus. C. stigmaterus and C. calligraphus were found only in waste stabilization lagoons. Only the larvae of C. sp. 2 were sampled in lotic systems polluted with high level of organic material from urban sewage and agricultural activities. The morphological analyses of larvae enabled the construction of a preliminary identification key for the species of Chironomus that live in the different aquatic systems of the State of São Paulo. This key could be a useful tool in analyses and diagnostics carried out during water quality assessment programs.
Engenharia de interações fônon-fóton-matéria mediadas por um campo clássico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Rodrigues, Ricardo Luciano
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Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3539989706481901
In this work we consider the problem of a three-level trapped ion inside a high- Q cavity. We study the process of phonon-foton-matter interaction mediated by a classical field. We are particularly interested in the engineering process of two excitation changes, phonons and/or photons, which result in squeezing of the cavity mode and/or the vibrational field. The adiabatic aproximation is employed to obtain simplified effective Hamiltonians.
O início da docência e a trajetória profissional segundo a visão de professoras em final de carreira.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Pizzo, Silvia Vilhena
;
Lima, Emília Freitas de
The present work called The Beginning of Teaching Profession according to Ending Career Professors , has the aim to investigate the following inquiring question: What are the aspects that Elementary School first to fourth grade teachers at the end of their career remember from their initial professional course process of becoming a teacher? The theoretical reference used has involved studies about the construction of teacher career beginning, the professorship professional development, and learning by experience. The initial phase of the career is extremely important because it is the moment that the teaching bases are constructed. At this phase have occurred rare instants in teachers life becoming unique and transitory for them. It is a stage marked by the professor s attempts and mistakes, when the feelings of survival and discovery have appeared. The professional development of teachership involves personal growth dimensions, professionalism, and socialization. The teaching learning by experiences valorizes the practice in the classroom, and the experiences that are fundamental to the process of being teachers. In order to accomplish this research we counted with the participation of six educators that work in Public State Schools at least twenty-one years, that is considered the end of the career. The data were collected from semi-structured interviews made with teachers, and literally transcribed later. After these the statements were grouped for analysis according its similarities and discrepancies. The results obtained in this research indicate that: the beginning of the career is really, like shown in the literature, a difficult moment, with a lot of newness, conflicts, expectatives, rare episodes, and sometimes, the reality shock . The career maturity is related to the life experiences and personal route of each teacher, and the data have shown that the educators valorize the professional learning by experience as fundamental to the process of becoming professors. The reflection is seen like an important link between the acquired theories in the initial professional formation and the classroom practice.
Respostas fisiológicas ao estresse em Prochilodus scrofa durante a exposição ao cobre e subseqüente recuperação em água sem cobre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Pinheiro, Guilherme Henrique Dyonísio
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4219585514139735
Copper is an essential trace-element for all live organisms however, when its concentration is high in the aquatic environment, copper is potentially toxic. Most physiological changes caused by copper in fish has been analyzed after acute exposure (96h). The aim of this study was investigate the physiological responses of Prochilodus scrofa to stress, during acute copper exposition (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) and recovery period after animal transference to clean water, and the time necessary to recovery after animals transference to clean water. The changes associated to fish transference to experimental systems were also evaluated. Juveniles Prochilodus scrofa were acclimated during 30 days and then fish were sampled to take blood for pH, hematocrit, plasma cortisol glucose and ions (Na+, Cl- e K+) analyses and specific Na+/K+-ATPase activity of gills. The remaining fish were divided in two groups: control (C) and exposed to copper (CU) and transferred to glass aquariums where was kept for 4 days. CU groups were exposed to copper (96h-CL50 = 29 µgCu L-1). Sampling was done 1, 2, 3 and 4 days of copper exposure. Surviving fish were then transferred to aquariums with flowing water without copper and sampling was done 1, 2, 7, 15 and 30 days of recovery. Blood sampling was taken for the same analyses above cited. Plasma cortisol concentration increased 300 a 400% in control and copper exposed groups related to acclimated fish, plasma glucose increased 800% only in the copper exposed groups during the exposure period and returned to normal levels in the 2nd day of recovery. In general, the changes in plasma ion (Na+, Cl- e K+) concentrations and pH were not significant in relation to those of acclimated fish however, significant changes were found between the values of control and copper exposed groups during copper exposure and recovery period. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase of gills was lower in the CU group during the copper exposure period and on the 1st day of recovery. The hematocrit increased during metal exposure but on the 1st day of recovery reached the normal values. Although changes were found on the analyzed parameters, on the 7th days after the transference to clean water all parameters evidenced a tendency to recovery the physiological changes reaching the values of acclimated fish. The present study showed that the stress responses to copper exposure is complex and P. scrofa presents high susceptibility to handling evidencing the importance of comparative analyses involving acclimated and/or unstressed fish together with the controls and exposed fish to a given stressor.
Representações de professores: elementos para refletir sobre a função da instituição escolar e da professora de educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Assis, Muriane Sirlene Silva de
;
Basso, Itacy Salgado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3283708100330653
Estudo de desordem substitucional no espectro de fônons via espalhamento Raman
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-03)
Boschi, Tânia Maria
;
Pizani, Paulo Sérgio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1038437165007849