Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2004-04-26"

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Análise do desenvolvimento de conceitos científicos sobre a teoria da evolução das espécies em alunos do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-26)
Silva, Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da
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Basso, Itacy Salgado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699024298055259
In this investigation we have analyzed the development of scientific concepts of students engaged in a teaching intervention on the theme Evolution of the species . That activity had as main characteristics: a) its structure was formulated in a way that aimed on stimulating students reasoning and interfering in one s conception on the theme; b) it was also supported by a teaching instrument that was elaborated with the purpose of simulating the evolutionary process and create a proper environment to develop the intended activities. This intervention, in which the researcher acted as the teacher and students of a University s exam preparatory course participated as volunteers, was meant to generate a diagnosis on the ideas of the participants and also interfere and evaluate (at the end of the process) those. For such, the intervention was subdivided in three phases: Diagnostic Evaluation, Development and Evaluation of the Learning Process. In order to make the investigation possible, a series of data were collected. The concerned: i) the ideas and concepts of the students; ii) the conditions of the learning available to them; iii) teachers interventions; iv) teacher-student interactions; v) different ways of utilizing the teaching instrument. Having in mind the objective of this research, as said before, the same kinds of data were gathered in all phases of the intervention and were subject of analysis regarding each phase and the whole process. As a result of the research we were able to characterize the conceptual development of the participants along the process. One could observe that there was development of elements of the scientific concepts, but the development of a system of meanings, consisting on genuine scientific meanings, that had just began. This partial development enabled us to highlight the importance of the cognitive work of systematization and application of concepts, in order that the process of learning scientific concepts happens through a acquisition of a system of meanings consisting on concepts with a high level of conscience and generalization. We were able to conclude that the consideration of Vygotski s theory on the teaching practice related to science concepts can offer a huge advancement in a significant learning of these concepts. We also identified the important role of the reasoning and actions of the teacher along the process, including his knowledge on the students ideas, on their learning process. In addiction, we have some conclusions about the teaching instrument role in the intervention: was positive in generating motivation on participating in many of the activities done during the intervention; had a positive role in the diagnosis of the students ideas; it helped establishing rules about the use of the instrument when regarding the discussions and situations that were good for the learning process, but it related to some learning difficulties presented by the students; it collaborated in proposing e developing activities that articulated scientific concepts and thought operations ; was possible to allow the central role of the conduction, by the teacher, of the activities related to the instrument to characterize the activity.
Uma ferramenta de visualização para redes neurais artificiais do tipo neocognitron
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-26)
Zanetti, Bruno
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Saito, José Hiroki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
Some Artificial Neural Networks may increase their size significantly with its use, making it difficult for a human being study it well. The networks of the Neocognitron model are an example of this kind of network, increasing its initial size many times before the end of their training. Using Scientific Visualization techniques, we obtained a tool that allows the user to see in details a neocognitron network actually working, be it during its training time or the recognition process. This allows a better comprehension of the whole model , as it helps in the construction of a network by allowing experimentation with the parameters of the model. Powering this tool is a library of classes, that can be used separately to the implementation of new ways of visualization or in new simulators of other models of neural networks.
Aplicação de técnicas de análise de imagens na quantificação da concentração celular no cultivo de células de inseto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-26)
Garófano, Gerson José Rizzo
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Almeida, Paulo Ignácio Fonseca de
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Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
Paradoxally, in spite of the cellular concentration to be the most important variable in a bioprocess, in practice is the less monitored as a consequence of the experimental difficulty found in its quantification in an aseptic, non invasive, discriminative (viable and not viable), in real time and, above all, in reliable way. For this reason, little progress has been reached in the quantification of cellular concentration in bioprocesses, situation that creates difficulties for the application of knowledge based techniques for control and bioprocesses optimization in large scale. The analysis of digital images is being investigated as a promising tool for quantification of the cellular concentration seeking for monitoring and control of bioprocesses. In this work, the growth of the insect cells Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Dosophila melanogaster(S2), was accompanied when cultivated in Schott shaken flasks, in complex medium in temperatures and pHs convenient for each species. The new Wavelet transform was used for the processing of the images making use of an application of MATLAB 5.2 and the obtained results along the cultures with the two cells were compared with experimental measurements of cellular concentration and with computational measurements of Densitometry of the acquired images. The results indicate that the Wavelet transform technique as well as the Densitometry are potential alternative for estimation the cellular growth of insect cells.
A situação escolar na perspectiva do aluno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-28)
Rodrigues, Eglen Sílvia Pípi
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Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3996413567500385
This work aimed to investigate what vision children in the first grades in urban suburban public school have about the school situation . The goals of this work were: to discover how children describe, analize and qualify the types of learning they acquire at school, to realize what types of relationship they develop with the institution; to verify if there is any relation between content which is taught at school and their lives. The literature chosen for the data analysis intended to discuss some important concepts about this issue, such as: the democratization of public learning, the individuals in the school universe, their relation to knowledge, the dialogistical relation in the classroom, among other. The research was conducted by means of semi-structed interviews with four boys and two girls that attended the same school, but had diversed school performance. The interviews occurred in two different moments: at first, when all of them attended the fourth grade in Brazilian elementary school (2001) and, later, when four of them attended the fifth grade and two remained in the previous grade, after having failed the exams (2002). Data have shown that the perception those boys and girls have about the function of school involves both the socialization that the institution promotes (social intimacy and insertion) and its role as a formative agent (in content and citizenship formal/instrumental). As for their effective learning, data have shown that those children have learned the socialization content, but not all of them have had access to the formal/instrumental content: after having failed the exams for several times, once more the two oldest boys finished the fourth grade in Brazilian elementary school without being able to read and write, and they resented that. Listening to boys and girls and with them stablishing an open dialog about school and learning has proved to be an absolute need in the construction of a more democratic and democratizing school.
Determinação do limiar de anaerobiose durante o exercício físico dinâmico em homens hipertensos de meia-idade: análise da resposta de variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e musculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-29)
Otterço, Albaiza Nicoletti
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Silva, Ester da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0120120410847507
Purpose: quantify the anaerobic threshold (AT), by analysis of the response of heart rate (HR), surface electromyography (SEMG) and the ventilatory and metabolic variables, using mathematical methods and compare with ventilatory visual method to estimate the aerobic ability in hypertensive middle-aged man. Methods: nine middle-aged man (56,77 ± 2,81 years), active, with arterial hypertension, no medication, subject a baseline to control for evaluate the arterial blood pressure profile, was done three times a week during two weeks, in supine, seated and stand up position. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was recorded in the appearing as the first sound (first-phase Korotkoff), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as the fifth sound (fifth-phase Korotkoff). All subjects were submit a performed ramp continuous dynamic physical exercise test (RCDPET), in electromagnetic cycloergometer (Corival 400) in 4 W during 4 minutes, follow up increment of 15 or 20 W/min, until exhaustion and/or sign limit. Heart rate was collected in real time, on a beat-to-beat basis (electrocardiogram ECAFIX TC500), during all RCDPET, vastus lateralis SEMG activity was collected continuous (Lynx Tecnology Eletronic Ltd) and the ventilatory and metabolic variables VO2 e VCO2 were also collected breath-bybreath quantification of ventilatory volumes and gas exchanges (CPX/D MedGraphics). Workload, heart rate (HR), VO2, VCO2 and surface electromyography (SEMG) analysis by 5 different methods: ventilatory visual graphic method (VVM) used with gold standard, linear-linear bissegmentar mathematical model method (LLMM) applied to carbon dioxide output data and Hinkley mathematical model method applied to heart rate data (HMM-HR), VCO2 data (HMMVCO2) and RMS index of SEMG activity data (HMM-RMS), who appoint exercise level in was to detect the AT. Workload, heart rate (HR), VO2, VCO2 and surface electromyography (SEMG) were statistical analysis to non-parametric tests were selected: Friedman test for repeated measures followed by post-hoc Dunn test for multiple comparisons and Spearman correlation test was also used. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: HMM-VCO2 model present significant difference (p<0,05) when compare with four methods (MVV, MMLL, HMM-FC and HMM-RMS) for values of workload. For values of VCO2 and heart rate, HMM-VCO2 model present significant differed (p<0,05) when compare with HMM-FC and HMM-RMS models; for values of VO2, HMM-VCO2 model present significant difference (p<0,05) when compare with MMLL, HMM-FC and HMM-RMS models. The HMM-VCO2 model present for all variables minor values in relation the MVV, MMLL, HMM-FC and HMM-RMS models. It was observed no significant correlations (p>0,05) when VVM (gold standard) model was correlation with LLMM (rs=0,56), HMM-HR (rs=0,40), HMM-VCO2 (rs=0,43) and HMM- RMS (rs=0,40) in AT power output values detected by the gold standard. However, it was observed significant correlations (p<0,05) in the correlation workload and VO2 (rs=0,75), and workload and HR (rs=0,69) values when utilize VVM (gold standard) model. Conclusions: the results found in the present investigation suggest that the mathematical models were effective in detecting the response pattern changes in variables (HR, VO2, VCO2 e RMS index of SEMG activity) detecting adequately the AT and the date of workload, heart rate 30 (HR), VO2, VCO2 and surface electromyographic (SEMG) analyze the HMM-VCO2 model present for all variables minor values, and this fact can be associated to hypertensive subjects have a increases in the sympathetic nervous system outflow and than might contribute to prevalence of anaerobic metabolism in the energetic production and this fact can be associated with different skeletal muscle fiber composition, with relative preponderance of glycolytic fast-twitch (type II-b) over oxidative fast-twitch (type II-a) or slow-twitch (type I) and than might contribute to impaired aerobic metabolism. The methodological limitation in this study in no carry out the biopsy to muscle, propose the continuation this topic in this study.
Dinâmica da alimentação de peixes piscívoros da Represa de Três Marias (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Peret, André Moldenhauer
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Verani, José Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6651955939013556
The fish feeding study is a valuable tool on understanding the interactions between populations in a community. The Três Marias reservoir, on the high region of the São Francisco River (MG), is a typically oligotrophic environment with a high density of piscivorous fishes (about 20% of the total icthyomass). To support this trophic guild on environments like this, it is expected a high aloctone matter input. In such environment, in the high waters period, the marginal area is flooded, providing food to the fodder species, which support the piscívorous communities. During this period, the contribution of terrestrial insects is fundamental to support many fish species. It was analyzed the stomach content of five piscívorous species (Serrasalmus brandti, Pygocentrus piraya, Pachyurus squamipennis, Acestrorhynchus britskii and Acestrorhynchus lacustris) in four distinct periods of the year and four stations in the reservoir. The food items importance was estimated using the feeding index. S brandti was the only piscívorous species responsible for the incorporation of aloctone matter, basically terrestrial insects. The other species showed a high niche overlap during the high waters period (higher food providing), when they feed basically upon Anchoviella vaillanti, and had a wide niche overlap reduction in the low waters period, what characterizes a niche displacement. It was detected, on the station that receives domestic waste, a reduction on the niche overlap, an indication of a change on the food offer, as a consequence of the environmental pollution or even of the enrichment by the additional organic matter input.
Influência da incorporação de poli(ácido lático) - PLA, de pó de madeira e outros aditivos no comportamento físico-mecânico do poli(hidroxibutirato) - PHB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Falcone, Daniele Maria Bruno
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Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8438856690765294
Polymeric materials are used today in the most varied sectors and the deleterious effects of their application, particularly in the short-term, have led to increasing environmental concern. On the other hand, innovative biodegradable polymers, which promise to offset these effects, are still hampered by their high cost and often unsatisfactory performance. In view of this fact, a study was made of poly(hydroxybutyrate)/poly(lactic acid) - PHB/PLA; poly(hydroxybutyrate)/wood powder-PHB/WP; and PHB/other modifiers (starch, rice chaff, sugarcane bagasse fiber) blends and compounds. These blends and compounds were evaluated and characterized using the following techniques: Melt Flow Index (MFI), Capillary Rheometry, Torque Rheometry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), Physical and Mechanical Tensile and Impact tests, Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) tests, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results obtained indicated the immiscibility of the PHB/PLA blends. The absence of transesterification reactions in the PHB/PLA blends was verified by TG. From the standpoint of mechanical properties, the PHB/PLA blends generally displayed characteristics superior to those of pure polymers. On the other hand, the polymeric compounds containing wood powder displayed rigidity and greater brittleness due to the lack of adhesion between the wood powder and the polymer, as indicated by SEM. This study therefore indicated that it is possible to obtain materials with adequate physical and mechanical characteristics that are viable particularly for short-term applications.
Contribuição para o conhecimento do gênero Chironomus Meigen, 1803 na região neotropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Correia, Leny Célia da Silva
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Strixino, Susana Trivinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
The present work aimed to study one of the most used genera in water quality assessment, Chironomus, identifying and/or describing the species inhabiting aquatic systems of the State of São Paulo with varied ecological features. The study area included 27 aquatic systems consisting of lentic habitats (lakes, reservoirs, temporary pools, waste stabilization lagoons and fish ponds) and lotic habitats (streams, rivers and drainage channels) at different localities of Mogi-Guaçu and Tietê-Jacaré hydrographic sub-basins. The sampling and analyses followed the conventional methods used in taxonomic and limnological studies. The survey resulted in the identification of 16 Chironomus species, including 7 new records to the State of São Paulo and 8 new species. Besides C. sancticaroli Strixino & Strixino, 1981, a species previously recorded in the State of São Paulo, I identified the immatures and adults of C. calligraphus Goeldi, 1905, C. gigas Reiss, 1974, C. latistylus Reiss, 1974, C. paragigas Reiss, 1974, C. strenzkei Fittkau, 1968, C. stigmaterus Say, 1823 and C. columbiensis Wülker et al., 1989. Some species were sampled in similar habitats, indicating a possible relation with them. C. gigas, C. paragigas and C. latistylus were collected only in lentic systems with low antropic influence. The immatures of C. sp. 1, C. sp. 5 and C. sp. 6 were sampled only in association with aquatic macrophytes growing in lakes and stream pools. C. sp. 3 and C. sp. 4 inhabited temporary pools with great amounts of detritus. C. stigmaterus and C. calligraphus were found only in waste stabilization lagoons. Only the larvae of C. sp. 2 were sampled in lotic systems polluted with high level of organic material from urban sewage and agricultural activities. The morphological analyses of larvae enabled the construction of a preliminary identification key for the species of Chironomus that live in the different aquatic systems of the State of São Paulo. This key could be a useful tool in analyses and diagnostics carried out during water quality assessment programs.
Engenharia de interações fônon-fóton-matéria mediadas por um campo clássico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Rodrigues, Ricardo Luciano
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Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828776012924524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3539989706481901
In this work we consider the problem of a three-level trapped ion inside a high- Q cavity. We study the process of phonon-foton-matter interaction mediated by a classical field. We are particularly interested in the engineering process of two excitation changes, phonons and/or photons, which result in squeezing of the cavity mode and/or the vibrational field. The adiabatic aproximation is employed to obtain simplified effective Hamiltonians.
O início da docência e a trajetória profissional segundo a visão de professoras em final de carreira.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Pizzo, Silvia Vilhena
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
The present work called The Beginning of Teaching Profession according to Ending Career Professors , has the aim to investigate the following inquiring question: What are the aspects that Elementary School first to fourth grade teachers at the end of their career remember from their initial professional course process of becoming a teacher? The theoretical reference used has involved studies about the construction of teacher career beginning, the professorship professional development, and learning by experience. The initial phase of the career is extremely important because it is the moment that the teaching bases are constructed. At this phase have occurred rare instants in teachers life becoming unique and transitory for them. It is a stage marked by the professor s attempts and mistakes, when the feelings of survival and discovery have appeared. The professional development of teachership involves personal growth dimensions, professionalism, and socialization. The teaching learning by experiences valorizes the practice in the classroom, and the experiences that are fundamental to the process of being teachers. In order to accomplish this research we counted with the participation of six educators that work in Public State Schools at least twenty-one years, that is considered the end of the career. The data were collected from semi-structured interviews made with teachers, and literally transcribed later. After these the statements were grouped for analysis according its similarities and discrepancies. The results obtained in this research indicate that: the beginning of the career is really, like shown in the literature, a difficult moment, with a lot of newness, conflicts, expectatives, rare episodes, and sometimes, the reality shock . The career maturity is related to the life experiences and personal route of each teacher, and the data have shown that the educators valorize the professional learning by experience as fundamental to the process of becoming professors. The reflection is seen like an important link between the acquired theories in the initial professional formation and the classroom practice.
Respostas fisiológicas ao estresse em Prochilodus scrofa durante a exposição ao cobre e subseqüente recuperação em água sem cobre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Pinheiro, Guilherme Henrique Dyonísio
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4219585514139735
Copper is an essential trace-element for all live organisms however, when its concentration is high in the aquatic environment, copper is potentially toxic. Most physiological changes caused by copper in fish has been analyzed after acute exposure (96h). The aim of this study was investigate the physiological responses of Prochilodus scrofa to stress, during acute copper exposition (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) and recovery period after animal transference to clean water, and the time necessary to recovery after animals transference to clean water. The changes associated to fish transference to experimental systems were also evaluated. Juveniles Prochilodus scrofa were acclimated during 30 days and then fish were sampled to take blood for pH, hematocrit, plasma cortisol glucose and ions (Na+, Cl- e K+) analyses and specific Na+/K+-ATPase activity of gills. The remaining fish were divided in two groups: control (C) and exposed to copper (CU) and transferred to glass aquariums where was kept for 4 days. CU groups were exposed to copper (96h-CL50 = 29 µgCu L-1). Sampling was done 1, 2, 3 and 4 days of copper exposure. Surviving fish were then transferred to aquariums with flowing water without copper and sampling was done 1, 2, 7, 15 and 30 days of recovery. Blood sampling was taken for the same analyses above cited. Plasma cortisol concentration increased 300 a 400% in control and copper exposed groups related to acclimated fish, plasma glucose increased 800% only in the copper exposed groups during the exposure period and returned to normal levels in the 2nd day of recovery. In general, the changes in plasma ion (Na+, Cl- e K+) concentrations and pH were not significant in relation to those of acclimated fish however, significant changes were found between the values of control and copper exposed groups during copper exposure and recovery period. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase of gills was lower in the CU group during the copper exposure period and on the 1st day of recovery. The hematocrit increased during metal exposure but on the 1st day of recovery reached the normal values. Although changes were found on the analyzed parameters, on the 7th days after the transference to clean water all parameters evidenced a tendency to recovery the physiological changes reaching the values of acclimated fish. The present study showed that the stress responses to copper exposure is complex and P. scrofa presents high susceptibility to handling evidencing the importance of comparative analyses involving acclimated and/or unstressed fish together with the controls and exposed fish to a given stressor.
Representações de professores: elementos para refletir sobre a função da instituição escolar e da professora de educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-04-30)
Assis, Muriane Sirlene Silva de
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Basso, Itacy Salgado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3283708100330653
Estudo de desordem substitucional no espectro de fônons via espalhamento Raman
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-03)
Boschi, Tânia Maria
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Pizani, Paulo Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1038437165007849
Aproveitamento de água pluvial em edifícios residenciais multifamiliares na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-06)
Campos, Marcus André Siqueira
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Amorim, Simar Vieira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264867164852836
The potable water scarcity afflicts the begging of the 21st Century, being today, one of the main worries of the manhood. This way, it becomes necessary to reduce the per capita consumption. From the actions that promote the racional use of water, the technological ones seems to be , in the most of the cases, the most recomended to reduce the consumption without being necessary radical changes of the users. One of these technologies is the rainwater harvesting. This one erges as an action of good perspectives since it subistitutes the use of potable water in activities where it is not necessary a good quality water, younder, it will reduce the amount of stormwater in the public drainage net, working as a non-structural action of urban drainage. The lack of kwondlege as well a the real advantages that a rainwater system can bring to a builind, is the points to find out about this issue.. At this paper, it seeked to clear this techonolgy up with the study of national and international examples . It also seeked the cistern sizing, getting the best results to technical and economical issues, as well, as procedures to design and to mantain the devices that make part of the system used in this study. Besides that, it studied the changes that would be necessary to build the system, and the possibles changes at the work routine of the construction company. It also studied the financial feasibility of the investiment of this interprisement, checking the real economical advantages that can be get. It is waited that this research contributes to the development of this techonology, contributing to Racional use of water in residential tall buildings.
Análise genética molecular (RAPD) de Conopophaga melanops, Vieillot 1818 (Aves, Conopophagidae), em escala fina da Mata Atlântica e sua implicação para a conservação da espécie
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-07)
Lunardi, Vitor de Oliveira
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
Conopophaga melanops is an endemic Atlantic forest bird species that had its habitat drastically fragmented by the historical process of massive deforestation. Today, its populations have survived isolated in small fragments and a few continuous forests, compromising the potential of the species to overcome natural and anthropic disturbances. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic differentiation among and within three populations of C. melanops in the major protected continuum of an Atlantic forest reminiscent using RAPD-PCR, to provide a better understanding of the geographical patterns of genetic variation of the species in fine scale and original context. The genetic molecular analyses showed a statistically significant genetic divergence among the three C. melanops populations in a continuum transect of 250 km. Primarily, this could be explained by the assumed sedentarism of the species and by the geographical barriers to gene flow. Pleistocene refuges and recent human impact could be adictional factors to explain the current genetic diferentiation.
Um framework para gerenciamento de qualidade de serviço em dispositivos móveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-10)
Hobeika, Camillo Tannuri
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Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
This work presents a Framework for Multimedia Applications with objective to make possible the use of these applications in Mobile Devices with limited computational capacity, considering the aspects of Quality of Service that can currently be used in these devices. The technological evolution cause a accented growth in the number of mobile device`s users, a time that the quality of the services also tends to increase, mainly as for the multimedia applications. Had to the characteristics of these devices and the nets where they operate, the traffic of multimedia information tends to increase the communication typical problems. However, parameters of Quality of Service (QoS) can be established and actions can be taken to try to diminish the impact of the inherent problems to the mobile computation in the multimedia applications. Thus, this work aims at the research and the development of one framework based on components for applications developed on the platform Java 2 Micro Edition (J2METM), of form to offer to greater quality in the multimedia communication for the mobile devices that possess limited resources.
Caracterização físico-química de PET ramificado e de suas blendas com PET reciclado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-10)
Prette, Lucas Del
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Zanin, Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9685965969782429
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9897264455881060
The growing concern with the solid residues management, observed in the last decade, due to its huge amount and impact, has motivated the search for recycling processes, where these residues can be reprocessed to generate new products, enlarging the cycle of materials and energy which are present in them. Special attention is given to the recycling of PET from containers of carbonated drinks. During the recycling of PET, the action of degradative fenomena creates a recycled resin with inferior properties, when compared to the original one, which difficults the use in new cycles of processing. The use of processing additives can overcome this effect. The improvement on the processability and modifications in the final properties of products made with blends of branched and linear resins have been reported in the literature. The branched resin could act as a processing additive. Even though some studies have characterized branched PET resins, the mixture of branched PET with recycled PET has not been reported before. Therefore, this study has as objective the characterization of a branched PET resin for use as processing additive in recycled PET and the characterization of the properties of the blends made with these two resins. In a first step, the characterization of the branched and recycled PET has been performed, and their properties compared with a bottle grade PET resin. The resins have been reprocessed to study the effect of the reprocessing over their properties. Modifications on the viscoelastic properties have been observed; the melt viscosity diminished, due to the degradation suffered during the process; the branched resin showed higher viscosity and melt strength. Next, the branched and recycled PET were blended. Improvements on the rheological properties were observed. The blends showed potential for use in transformation processes where higher melt strength is required.
Cuidado e educação nas atividades do berçário e suas implicações na atuação profissional para o desenvolvimento e inclusão da criança de 0 a 18 meses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-11)
Vitta, Fabiana Cristina Frigieri de
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Emmel, Maria Luisa Guillaumon
The insertion of children from 0 to 18 months old in children educational institutions, especially in groups like day care centers, has promoted several studies related to factors which involve such situation. Once one believes that these institutions will not only provide experiences that promote the child s interaction with other people but also encourage the development of the motor, perceptive and cognitive aspects, propitiating maturity so that the child can reach the autonomy and independence, one can have, in theory, a motivating view. Such phase can be considered the first one of the inclusive education. This study aims at analyzing the daily activities proposed to the day care center as a resource for the development of children from 0 to 18 months old. Documents on children education were studied. The practices of seven professionals who work at two day care centers which are linked to the Municipal Secretary of Education in Bauru were observed and interviews were realized. Such day care centers were chosen because they belong to the Secretary of Education mentioned above and are, thus, closer to fit the official documents which legislate for the children education. Such instruments focused the daily activities developed with the children. The data were organized according to analytic categories the day care center role, the conception of educating, taking care and playing, deficiency and inclusion and the daily activities organization were detailed. Such data were also analyzed according to the qualitative approach, allowing the confrontation between the empirical and theoretical material. The outcomes showed that the official documents do not discuss much about such phase, thus, the relationship between the daily activities and their role in the child s development is inaccurate. The care activities are prioritized and become part of the child s education, once, from the professionals viewpoint, they have a disciplinary role. In such context, the inclusion of children with special needs has some restrictions which express the preconceived ideas about deficiency. These outcomes are justified not only by the lack of knowledge about the child s development and the factors around it but also by the fact that they link their activities to their personal experiences. Taking the current practice into account, one should make efforts towards professional improvement so that they can understand their actions, attributing to them an educational intention.
A modernização tecnológica: seu patamar nos sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-11)
Aro, Celso Ricardo
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Amorim, Simar Vieira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264867164852836
Our country current socioeconomic environment is critical, with significant reduction in the construction industry consumer trade and great competition among this sector corporations which, to keep producing, are obliged to rethink their way to do so. Then, since the 80´s, these corporations have been questioning their technological delay and the low quality of their products, investing, afterwards, in the sector modernization. In this context, this research proposes a discussion about the adopted actions for sector technological modernization in order to rationalize and improve quality, as well as its technological level, emphasizing the Pumbling Systems. To do so, bibliographies related to the subject have been consulted to get familiar to the problem and possible ways to face the question and, in a later moment, verify it using cases of study. A field research was held in medium and small construction corporations in Ribeirão Preto. It was structured with visits to the buildings, where items related to the problems were verified through a Check-list and, later, analyzed to determine the corporation technological level related to the Pumbling Systems. In this research, it was evidenced the construction corporation unconcern related to the Pumbling Systems and its less importance compared to another sub-systems, such as architecture and structures. The technological level found in these corporations brings out the evidence of management investment necessity, creation of standard procedures and evaluation and selection criterion of the work. Only after consolidating these questions, the introduction of technological innovations will achieve their purposes.
Estudo de estruturas, interações e reconhecimento molecular em carboidratos utilizando simulação computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-11)
Pereira, Cristina Saldanha
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Freitas, Luiz Carlos Gomide
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3461414255262928
In this work, computer simulation methods were applied to investigate glucose-derived carbohydrates in solution at atomistic resolution. The carbohydrates considered were: trehalose and cyclodextrins. The disaccharide trehalose is well known for its bioprotective properties. Produced in large amounts in organisms able to survive extremely damaging conditions trehalose plays its protective role by stabilizing biostructures such as proteins and lipid membranes. In the present study, molecular-dynamics simulations were used to investigate the interaction of trehalose with a protein and a membrane. To investigate the interaction trehalose-protein molecular-dynamics simulations of the protein lysozyme in solution have been carried out in the presence and in the absence of trehalose at room temperature. The results show that the trehalose molecules cluster and move towards the protein, but do neither completely expel water from its surface, nor form hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the coating by trehalose does not significantly reduce the conformational fluctuations of the protein. The interaction trehalose-membrane was investigated performing simulations of a lipid bilayer in the absence and in the presence of trehalose at two different concentrations and temperatures. The results show that trehalose is able to minimize the disruptive effect of elevated temperature and stabilize the bilayer structure. Trehalose is found to interact directly with the bilayer through hydrogen bonds. However, the water molecules at the bilayer surface are not completely replaced. At high temperature the protective effect of trehalose is correlated with an increase in the number of hydrogen bonds with the bilayer and of trehalose molecules bridging three or more lipid molecules. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides presenting a cavity able to accommodate and modify the properties of a huge variety of molecules. Their structural behavior in solution is determinant for the complexation abilities. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed in solution for the three natural (α, β and γ) cyclodextrins at room temperature. Results show that the conformational flexibility in solution is mainly defined by variations in the ring backbone of these molecules. Interglucose secondary hydrogen bonds are present in solution and show a very dynamical character, where alternative hydrogen bonds to water molecules are present. Water molecules were found to exist inside the cavities and present residence times in this region that is dependent on the size of the cyclodextrin molecule.