Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2004-05-17"

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Meta-modelo para o processo de sistemas com RV pautado por enfoque no usuário, iteratividade de projeto e critérios de usabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-17)
Olher, Milena Marquezin
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Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
The continuous growth of the Human-Computer Interaction area has been causing the appearance of approaches to better correspond to the users' needs, concerning not only the functionality factors of the interactive systems, which are the main focus of the Software Engineering area, but also the interaction factors of those systems. In that context, the Virtual Reality technology comes as a change proposal for the development of more advanced interfaces, with regard to the human-computer interaction, offering means of interaction that are more natural to humans to supply to the interactive system users' expectations by a more natural and intuitive interaction, as well as involving resources and studies in the most several fields of the knowledge. In that way, although it has evolved significantly, its usage in interactive systems still presents challenges to overcome, among which a better analysis and formalization of the process of systems with Virtual Reality in the practices of the Human-Computer Interaction and Software Engineering areas. However, researches that detail the process of systems with Virtual Reality so that its benefits are explored are little found in the literature. This work proposes a meta-model for the process of systems with Virtual Reality, identifying the differential of those systems and the existing implications in your process, presenting and critically analyzing the methodologies mentioned in the literature for the process of systems with Virtual Reality, as well as identifying the process models in Software Engineering and the approaches in Human-Computer Interaction that best assist the identified implications in the process of those systems, which focus on the user, project iteration and usability.
Macunaíma trágico: a modernização brasileira em Mário de Andrade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-18)
Manieri, Dagmar
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Villa, Marco Antonio
Mineração de dados em múltiplas tabelas fato de um data warehouse
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-19)
Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
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Vieira, Marina Teresa Pires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5446518523049572
The progress of the information technology has allowed huge amount of data to be stored. Those data, when submitted to a process of knowledge discovery, can bring interesting results. Data warehouses are repositories of high quality data. A procedure that has been adopted in big companies is the joint use of data warehouse and data mining technologies, where the process of knowledge discovery takes advantage over the high quality of the warehouse s data. When the data warehouse has information about more than one subject, it also has more than one fact table. The joint analysis of multiple fact tables can bring interesting knowledge as, for instance, the relationship between purchases and sales in a company. This research presents a technique to mine data from multiple fact tables of a data warehouse, which is a new kind of association rule mining.
Ergonomia dos ônibus urbanos: estudo de caso na cidade de Santos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-20)
Santos, Alda Paulina dos
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
In Santos SP, a survey was carried out among bus users, regarding these aspects, with the purpose of supplying parameters for the improvement of quality, safety and comfort for those who use public transports by bus. As public transport is the most important way of transportation, daily used by most of people, it is very important to analyze the characteristics of urban buses under the ergonomic point of view to get an important improvement of the user s quality of living. Starting from the analysis of internal internal items of chosen vehicles, such as furniture and layout, and the opinion research made among users, statistical tests were done to get conclusions and suggestions for the improvement of buses quality. Through the opinion research was possible to know better the profile of urban bus users and it concludes that despite of analyzed vehicles fulfill the requirements and regullations, many items don t answer the needs of passengers comfort.
Avaliação de procedimentos para preparo de amostras agronômicas visando determinação multielementar por espectrometria de emissão ótica com plasma induzido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-21)
Silva, Fernando Vitorino da
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
Sample preparation was always considered a limiting factor for sample throughput in the analytical sequence due to its high time consumption and great probability for error insertion in the results. Therefore, purposes to generate lower analysis time and, mainly, to make sample handling a feasible process are readily wished. Two procedures for preparation of agricultural samples (bovine milk and fruit juices) for multielemental determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry have been investigated. A procedure for bovine milk treatment based on use of proteolytic enzymes (pepsin) and protein precipitator agent (trichloroacetic acid) for extraction of Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn was investigated. Application of these reagents allowed to check the complex interaction between Fe and milk proteins. Quantitative determinations from simple protein precipitation in solution showed good results for Ca, Mg, and Zn. Results obtained for Fe, using protein precipitation, confirmed the strong bound of this element with the casein micelle. In general, the recovery of Fe on protein precipitate was around 100 %. Taking into account the procedure for fruit juices treatment, a flow system operating at high temperature and high pressure was developed. This system presented decomposition efficiency around 99 % for different carbon sources when 300 oC and 60 bar was applied. As result, it can be suggested that the use of diluted nitric acid (HNO3 1.4 mol L-1) associated to hydrogen peroxide as auxiliary oxidant agent (H2O2 3.0 % v v-1), does not compromise the decomposition efficiency if high temperature is applied. Recoveries of Ca, K, Mg, and Na in the digestates obtained by the flow system were in agreement with those found in the closed vessel-MW assisted acid decomposition. The flow system behavior for vegetal tissues slurries decomposition was also evaluated. At the same time the spectrometers performance was evaluated. Figures of merit, warm up time, long and short term stability, spectral resolution, and limit of detection were compared for axially- and radially-viewed configurations. The performed experiments showed similar performance for both configurations, differing only on the warm up time and limit of detection. Taking into account the obtained results it is possible to infer that most of the applications performed with the radially-viewed configuration could be carried out in axially-viewed ICP OES s with no analytical performance degradation.
Computação ciente de contexto aplicada ao monitoramento de condições críticas em ambientes físicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-21)
Kudo, Taciana Novo
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
Context-aware computing investigates applications that adapt their behavior according to information (or context) captured from a physical and/or computational environment such as the location of a user. The monitoring of critical conditions in physical environments is one of the domains that take advantage of the context-aware computing facilities, where context is captured from sensors spread over environments in order to aid the prevention, the combat and the evaluation of emergency situations such as fire, rebellions in penitentiaries, explosions and leaks of toxic substances. Related works report the need for a middleware that provides services, e.g. for context interpretation and location of people and objects, which can be used by a myriad of devices and any kind of applications for monitoring of critical conditions, regardless platform, operating system and/or programming language. This work presents an approach exploiting context-aware computing in the monitoring of critical conditions in physical environments, which includes the specification of a middleware and its following main services: the Context Interpreter Service, the Event Notification Service and the Location Service. The Context Interpreter Service notifies and interprets context gathered from sensors. As those interpretations follow the security policies of each business, an Interface for Configuration and Monitoring was also developed as a means to allow particular criteria of monitoring for a business. The Event Notification Service uses the publish/subscribe paradigm based on topics. The Location Service handles the location of people and objects in physical environments. Middleware components and applications communicate through XML-encoded messages via publish/subscribe mechanism. A case study for that approach uses the Asas de um Sonho aviation museum of the TAM air company as scenario.
Abordagem aspecting: migração de sistemas OO para sistemas OA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-21)
Ramos, Ricardo Argenton
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Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
An approach, named Aspecting, is proposed for eliciting aspects in Object Oriented systems and subsequently re-factoring these systems as aspect oriented systems. The approach has three phases: Understand the System Functionality, Treat the Interests and Compare the Object Oriented System with the Aspect Oriented System. Each phase is presented with the details to be observed by the software engineer for the migration of the systems to be made safely and to obtain a quality product. Techniques of separation of concerns and aspect oriented programming are used in three prospective study cases, in order to induce formulating the approach. Guidelines are established to model the concerns identified, using class diagrams in UML notation. Other guidelines govern the implementation of concerns as aspects, using the Aspect J language. The use of regression tests in the system after the system code reorganization now implemented with aspects, for checking if the original functionality has been preserved in the migration, completes the approach. A fourth study case, for illustrating the approach application, is also presented.
Um paradigma baseado em algoritmos genéticos para o aprendizado de regras Fuzzy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-24)
Castro, Pablo Alberto Dalbem de
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863177057291007
The construction of the knowledge base of fuzzy systems has been beneficited intensively from automatic methods that extract the necessary knowledge from data sets which represent examples of the problem. The evolutionary computation, especially genetic algorithms, has been the focus of a great number of researches that deal with the problem of automatic generation of knowledge bases as search and optimization processes using di erent approaches. This work presents a methodology to learn fuzzy rule bases from examples by means of Genetic Algorithms using the Pittsburgh approach. The methodology is composed of 2 stages. The first one is the genetic learning of rule base and the other one is the genetic optimization of the rule base previously obtained in order to exclude redundant and unnecessary rules. The first stage uses a Self Adaptive Genetic Algorithm, that changes dynamically the crossover and mutation rates ensuring genetic diversity and avoiding the premature convergence. The membership functions are defined previously by the fuzzy clustering algorithm FC-Means and remain fixed during all learning process. The application domain is multidimensional pattern classification, where the attributes and, sometimes, the class are fuzzy, so they are represented by linguistic values. The proposed methodology performance is evaluated by computational simulations on some real-world pattern classification problems. The tests focused the accuracy of generated fuzzy rules in di erent situations. The dynamic change of algorithm parameters showed that better results can be obtained and the use of don t care conditions allowed to generate a small number of comprehensible and compact rules.
Cursos de formação inicial de professores de química: uma análise das manifestações de professores da Diretoria Regional de Ensino de São Carlos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-25)
Brito, Dorval dos Santos
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Hartwing, Dácio Rodney
The purpose of this research work was to analyse and discuss the thematic of the formation of teachers, making references to the contributions of the course of licenciateship in Chemistry for professional learning, throught the survey and analysis of the information showed by acting licensed teachers in Chemistry from the teaching Regional Board of Directors from of São Carlos-SP. For the accomplishment of the research work we started from data collected by means of a frameworked questionnaire in two blocks: one corresponding to a personal data/professional formation (academic) with seventeen questions and another about data from the professional acting formation course with thirty-three questions, the composition of the questionnaire was made most of open questions and some closed ones. The questionnaire was answered by twenty-five acting licensed teachers in Chemistry, on which, we would collect the opinion of those teachers about some aspects of his/her process of formation and professional performance, that is, aspects referring to the curriculum, the evaluation, the didactic/methodological procedures, a new standard formation of (practice-reflexive) teachers, the difficulties and facilities found as a professional, as well as his/her professional performance. In the treatment of the collected data, we proceeded to a qualitative analysis of the answers of the questionnaires through, the description of information obsained from acting licensed teachers in Chemistry, we considered the information with similar meanings, configuring in classes of quantified answers in frequencies and percentages. According to the conclusions , it was clear that new ways must be investigated in the formation of teachers. In spite of acting Chemistry teachers having presented relevant and important aspects, they also pointed out some problems and difficulties of critical form in relation to his/her formation from the licensed teacher in Chemistry. For being a research work with qualitative nature, the conclusions can not be generalized, but they can be used in the understanding of similar situations that could occur in the other contexts.
Canais de Santos: trajetória do tombamento de uma identidade urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-25)
Ramos, Dawerson da Paixão
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Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
The aim of this assignment is to understand the involvement between the city and its inhabitants, as well as the planning tools capable of exposing its behaviour towards the dynamics which build up the urban area and the elements which determine its identity. Specifically considering Santos, the object is found in the canals which are part of the drainage system projected by the sanitation engineer Saturnino de Brito. In the historical process, which has determined this base element of the urban area as well as the city identity, it s possible to find the reasons for preserving the historical, architectural, artistic and cultural heritage, being this the scenery for proposing the analysis of the social mobilisation in favour of its preservation, in order to prove our hypothesis, taking into account the community participation which allows, at times, that the cultural dynamics superimpose the economical dynamics when building the urban area.
CSK: uma abordagem para estruturação de kernel de tempo real em componentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-27)
Correia, Lúcio José Herculano
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Moron, Célio Estevan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8635476812779360
Generally, operating systems offer a set of services through primitives that are used on demand by applications. Similarly, software components implement and provide services through well-defined interfaces, which are reused in different software projects of a problem domain. Based upon this similarity, it is researched the reuse of software components in real time operating systems projects. It is presented CSK (Computer Structured Kernel) approach for structuring a real time kernel with software components. The approach is divided in two phases. In the first one software components are built from the legacy code and documentation of a preexisting kernel. In the second one, that kernel is rebuilt by reusing the produced components. A case study applies CSK to real time kernel Virtuoso.
Integração dos requisitos temporais de um Kernel de tempo-real e de sua comunicação em redes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-27)
Rossler, Daniel Augusto
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Moron, Célio Estevan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8635476812779360
The study performed on this paper is intended to extend the message exchange between process of a real time kernel, that nowadays is executed between processes on the same station, in order to cover also distinguish stations. In order to allow location transparency to the processes, a name server is used to manage the system processes. And to optimize the server access, the cache and pre-fetching techniques are utilized. Also, during the arrival of a new message to a system node, the Priority Ceiling Protocol will be used to define the priority of the process that will receive the message. As result of this work, it was developed a Real Time Operating System with all the features described above. The name of this Operating System is Sao Carlos.
Combinação de múltiplos classificadores para identificação de materiais em imagens ruidosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Ponti Junior, Moacir Pereira
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
Material identification in images has been explored in multiple areas and very interesting applications are arising in this field. This work uses noisy multispectral images from a computerized tomograph scanner acquired with multiple energies for soil sciences applications and developes a recognition system to identify materials on the scanned body. Techniques of statistical classification were used. The individual classifiers: Parzen, k-nearest neighbors, logistic and linear Bayesian were combined in order to study the behavior of classifier combination techniques. For this task, we used the fixed rules combiners: majority voting, maximum, minimum, median, sum and product. Also, a second stage of combination was considered and used, the majority voting of combiners. The performance of the classifiers was analyzed through the leave-one-out cross-validation error estimation method and the Kappa coefficient. The advantages of the use of multiple energies in the problems of identification of images and the behavior of each combination method are also demonstrated. The results pointed out that the combination of classifiers gives better capacity of generalization and more stable results than the individual classifiers, using information supplied for all individual classifiers, including the weakest one, being recommended in classification of scarce, difficult discrimination data, on the presence of ambiguity or high`noise levels.
Da incorporação do proletariado ao direito do trabalho: um estudo sobre o projeto positivista de organização das relações de trabalho no Brasil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Superti, Eliane
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Villa, Marco Antonio
The present study had as an objective a greater understanding of the problems related to the Social Issue in Brazil. Among the other aspects of this theme, we focus the ideological and political process of elaboration of the positivist project of organization of the work relations, looking for to understand to which extent certain positivist ideals of this project had been incorporated and making up the historical construction of national labor law. Within the set of comtian positivist theory, the ideal of proletariat incorporation into the modern society occupies a core position intrinsically entailed to the political realization of the theory. According to Comte, become the working class integrated part of the capitalist society used to imply realizing the deep moral reform in the political and economic concepts proposed by positivism, reorganizing the society to the extent that turns harmonious the relations between the capital and work. In Brazil, the national positivists claim that the solution for the working issue had such a first challenge overcome the slavery. But the problem could not be solved simply with the abolition, it was necessary a project which integrated the former slavers into the society. Reforming the positivist theory by Augusto Comte from the national needs, the Brazilian positivists made up to the nation a reorganizing project of the working relations, which embraces a large proposal of social reform. Getting a spot in Rio Grande do Sul, such a theory was given an important political expression through Júlio de Castilhos and Borges de Medeiros period of governorship, reaching out the 1907 generation that took part in the revolution of 1930, and led by Getúlio Vargas assumed the pos-revolutionary government. The State configuration from 1930 revealed the assimilation of the positivist ideas of the proletariat incorporation, the social harmony, and the collaboration among the classes. The positivist project if constitutes, thus, in an important source of the ideological inspiration about the working right in Brazil.
Algoritmo SSDM para a mineração de dados semanticamente similares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Escovar, Eduardo Luís Garcia
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Biajiz, Mauro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8331600770992494
The SSDM algorithm, created to allow semantically similar data mining, is presented in this work. Using fuzzy logic concepts, this algorithm analyzes the similarity grade between items, considering it if it is greater than a user-defined parameter. When this occurs, fuzzy associations between items are established, and are expressed in the association rules obtained. Therefore, besides associations discovered by conventional algorithms, SSDM also discovers semantic associations, showing them together with the other rules obtained. To do that, strategies are defined to discover these associations and calculate the support and the confidence of the rules where they appear.
Sobre o modelo neural RuleNet e suas características simbólica e cooperativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Figueira, Lucas Baggio
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Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
Machine learning is an area of Artificial Intelligence that deals with methods and techniques for implementing automatic learning in computational systems. This research work investigates a machine learning neural model called RuleNet and its extension for fuzzy domains named Fuzzy RuleNet. Among the advantages of the RuleNet proposal are its simplicity, easiness and fast training as well as the way it represents the induced concept, which can be characterized as symbolic. This aspect makes RuleNet suitable for participating in cooperative systems. This research work investigates both the contribution of the RuleNet model as a stand alone learning technique as well as part of a cooperative system. It presents and discusses the results obtained in several experiments, evaluating RuleNet as a stand alone machine learning (versus two other machine learning methods, the ID3 and the NGE) and as part of a cooperative system, articulated to ID3 and to NGE.
Características da aprendizagem significativa em proposições expressas por escrito pelos alunos do ensino fundamental: um estudo de conceitos químicos proposto a partir de atividades experimentais.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Bossolani, Keila
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Hartwing, Dácio Rodney
In this study, it was attempted to develop some experimental activities with the objective of extracting and identifying chemical elements from commercial products of low cost and easy access. The developing finality of these practices would be to compound, later on, an instructional material. In the organization of this material content there would be experimental and nonexperimental activities, which, together, would form a group of didactical activities that would allow discussion about some chemical concepts and provide a significative learning. The experiments were developed first in domestic conditions, because the objective was to build practices, which could be applied in any teaching institution, even in school needy of physical and material basic structures. With the support of the Scientific and Cultural Promotion Center (CDCC), the experiments are now developed in this institution of teaching and research. Therefore, the group of experimental activities developed made possible the extraction of chemical elements: calcium, iron from medicines and food. The chemical concept chemical element and others related to it were approached and emphasized in the didactical material, because with the bibliographic research in didactical and paradidactical books, educational cd-roms and children s games, an absence of experimental activities involving such concepts was perceived. For the elaboration of the instructional material a teaching methodology was used in search of trying to insert the students in an active form in the process of teaching-learning, as well as their previous knowledge. This way, it was attempted to elaborate teaching situations in context which privilege the student s participation in the reconstruction of the knowledge. The activities distribution in the didactical material considered the necessary characteristics in a content organization which hopes to achieve a meaningful learning of concepts and the finalization of this material allowed its application along with the students of the Escola de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Educandário Santo Antônio from Bebedouro SP. The classes were taught by myself while teacher-researcher and with the effective cooperation of the Science teacher. For the data collection the express records written by the students and it was attempted to identify in these records the necessary characteristics to the occurrence of a meaningful learning. The analysis of the data expressed by the students revealed the presence of central themes, conceptual hierarchy which goes from the most general and inclusive concepts to the most specific and lower power of inclusioness, correctly articulated generalizations with examples and non-examples, emphasis on the macroscopic and submicroscopic levels of the knowledge, besides the principles of progressive distinguishment and integrative reconciliation. Furthermore, in most of the apprentice s elaborated propositions, the writings show that the sentences were constructions of their own abilities, which reveal evidence that the concept was comprehended. Besides, the propositions were categorized in relation to the macroscopic and submicroscopic levels of concepts and it was realized that the submicroscopic level prevails over the macroscopic one.
Estudo dos métodos de projeto de fábrica e sua aplicação no setor público de serviços: estudo de caso em escolas de educação infantil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-31)
Guerreiro, Érico Daniel Ricardi
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
This work contributes for the project and planning of children s schools, searching a project method that it makes possible to structuralize the facilities in function of the carried through productive activities. The objective is to analyze the use of the for facilities planning methods, into project of children s schools, its viability, effectiveness, necessity and particularity. This analisys objective to conceive children s schools through a scientific method that guarantees of its productive performance. Initially it is made a study of existing methods of facilities planning, its content and its applications, for election of a method that better get adapted to the project of children s schools. Also a study on the children education is carried through, service that guides the planning of the object of this study, children s schools. Beyond these, a study is become fulfilled on the inquiry of the activity of work, that will guide the practical ones of inquiry of the chosen object for this study. After the chosen method, a study of case in a school on the São Carlos City to prove the application of the method, its necessity and efficiency. One result identified was the lack of knowledge of the demand and its characteristics to it in the city, a determination of the installations on the services and a series of particularities for the application of the method in schools it was also verified that the application of the project method chosen is viable and necessary for the construction of children s schools.
Interação de inseticidas e controle biológico natural na redução dos danos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. SMITH, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) na cultura do milho (Zea mays)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-31)
Figueiredo, Maria de Lourdes Corrêa
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
All the experiments were conducted inside of the experimental area of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo (Embrapa National Maize and Sorghum Research Center) in Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil with the objective of evaluating the role of natural enemies and insecticides on the damages of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize crop. In the first experiment the occurrence of natural enemies associated to eggs and larvae of S. frugiperda using artificial infestation with laboratory egg masses was evaluated, accomplished fifteen days after the plant emergency (one egg mass/m2). At a 2-day interval, beginning two days after infestation, sampling of 20 plants/plot were accomplished, separating egg masses and larvae of the pest, which were maintained in artificial diet, in the laboratory. The natural enemies presented in the experiment were the predators Doru luteipes Scudder (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and Orius sp. (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and the parasitoids Chelonus insularis (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), representing 91.07% of the collected species, Eiphosoma laphygmae Costa Lima (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Exasticolus fuscicornis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Archytas incertus (Macquart) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Parasitoids and predators had significant effect on the suppression of the population of S. frugiperda. The number of collected larvae that was 364 at the first sampling period fell down to only 2.6 larvae, at the sampling accomplished 16 days after the infestation. Using the exclusion method (with cage), protecting the pest since egg stage against its natural enemies, it was demonstrated that the larger the pest protection period, the greater the damage. The visual damage scale reached 4.01 (maximum of 5) when the protection period was 16 days. When the protection period was minimum (two days), the average damage scale was only 0.93. As a consequence of the differences in the provoked damage, there was reduction of 52.73% in the production of dry matter and 45.51% in the production of grain yield. In another experiment, exposing the pest to its natural enemies, starting from the eggs, and then, protecting by the cages for different periods, the leaf damage in the plots in that the pest was protected by the largest period was also the highest (3.43). In relative terms, there were reductions of 54.2% in the dry matter production and of 20% in the grain yield. Experiments to evaluate the impact of different groups of insecticides and the possible additional contribution of natural control agents on the suppression of S. frugiperda were also developed, using also egg masses of the pest. The insecticides were applied at 2-day intervals, beginning two days after the infestation and finishing 16 days after. Before spraying, the natural parasitism varied from 27.7% to 54.0%. After the application of the insecticide Match the parasitism was 9.7% (evaluation 24 h after the application) and 1.5% (72 h after the application). Those values were, for the insecticide Fury, 23.37 and 18.23% respectively. For the insecticide Lorsban, the index was 27.3 and 28.2%. Higher index of parasitism was verified when the insecticide microbial Baculovirus spodoptera was applied, respectively, 41.3 and 33.7%. In a general way, all the products protect the plant against the pest acting by themselves or together with other mortality factors. Among such factors, the presence of the predator D. luteipes can be mentioned, especially on plots sprayed with B. spodoptera and Match. For the insecticide Fury, the population of the predator was lower in the 24-h evaluation period than in the 72-h period after application. With relation to the parasitoids, soon after the application of the chemical products, parasitism was much lower than the parasitism observed before spraying. Actually, the number of living larvae also decreased. That reduction can be due to the direct action of insecticides and/or the effect of natural enemies. For instance, the decrease of collected larvae coincided with to growing presence of the predator D. luteipes on plots, before and after the application, especially on those plots where the B. spodoptera and Match were used. The reduction in the number of larvae brought, as a consequence, a significant reduction in the damage caused by the pest. There was no significant difference in grain yields from plots where B. spodoptera, Match and Fury were used. In the case of the insecticide Lorsban, there were some variations in grain yields, probably due to your immediate effect on the larvae and/or killing or repelling the predator D. luteipes. New pest infestation could occur later. Significant occurrence of natural enemies was observed in the experimental area. The density of the natural enemies was enough to give an effective control of the pest. It was concluded that such natural enemies could complete the action of certain insecticides, especially those of high level of selectivity. Considering that the natural enemy observed in the area is associated to eggs and first instar larvae of the pest, it is important in integrated pest management program that a control measure is used starting 12 days after the verification of egg masses in the field, for the control of remaining larvae, and only if their density reaches the level of economical damage.
Estudo comparativo da estrutura da comunidade bentônica de duas represas com diferenças no grau de eutrofização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-02)
Pamplin, Paulo Augusto Zaitune
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
The present study aimed to determine and compare the structure of benthic invertebrates community in two reservoirs strongly differing in relation to trophic state. The reservoirs studied were Ponte Nova and Bariri , both resulting from dams on Tietê River. Sampling was carried out as a screening of the system in 90 sampling station in each reservoir. Sampling were carried out in four periods: January, April, July and October 2001. Both reservoirs are polimictic and had an anoxic hypolimnium in January. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphourus compounds as well as chlorophyll a indicated that Ponte Nova Reservoir is oligo-mesotropic whereas Bariri Reservoir is hipereutrophic. Benthic invertebrates were collected using a Van Veen grab (378cm²) and washed trough a sieve with 210 um open-aperture. A total of 36 were identified in Ponte Nova Reservoir and 39 in Bariri. They belonged to the Oders Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Odonata and Trichoptera (Class Insecta), besides representatives of Oligochaeta and Hirudinea Classes (Filo Anellida) and Gastropoda and Bivalvia Classes (Filo Mollusca). In Ponte Nova Reservoir the highest richness was found in the family Chironomidae (Diptera) represented by 21 taxa, followed by Oligochaeta with 10 species. On the other hand, in Bariri Reservoir Oligochaeta was the group with highest the richness represented by 16 species, followed by Chironomidae with 13 taxa. Chaoborus (Diptera) was numerically dominat in the bentic macroinvertebrate community of Ponte Nova reservoir. They correspond to 77% of the sampled organisms. In Bariri Reservoir, Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta) was the dominat organism corresponding to 47,6%. During the study period the highest densities of macroinvertebrates were found in Bariri reservoir varying between 1024.1 and 1657.0 ind.m-2, compared with 562 e 850.0 ind.m-2 in Ponte Nova. The analysis of distribuition of organisms in relation to depth showed that Chaoborus inhabited preferentially the deep region in both reservoirs, whereas Chironomidae and Mollusca, preferred the littoral region. For Oligocheta it was observed that in Ponte Nova Reservoir this group preferentially occupied shallow areas, whereas in Bariri the highest densities were found in the deepest zone. An analysis of Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the relation Oligochaeta/Chironamidae showed that the latter was best in characterizing the tropic state of studied environments.