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Síntese e caracterização de pós de Li2TiSiO5 e Na2TiSiO5
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-07-30)
Albarici, Viviane Cristina
;
Leite, Edson Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
This work presents a systematic study of the synthesis and characterization of Li2TiSiO5 and Na2TiSiO5 compounds. We studied their structural, morphologic and luminescent properties using X ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These materials have in their crystalline structures centers of pentacoordinated titanium. The samples were produced through two different synthetic routes, both based on Pechini method. Different heat treatments were applied in order to obtain crystalline and disordered materials. The polymeric resins obtained were submitted to Raman spectroscopy, to verify their influence on the different routes used in the powders preparation. These materials were analyzed by X ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, to study the thermal evolution of the phases, as well as the structural disorder of the samples. Rietveld refinement were performed on the diffraction patterns of the crystalline samples. The morphology of the samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. After structural characterization, luminescent properties of the synthesized powders were studied. These studies were realized using excitation wavelengths of 250 and 488nm. The obtained results showed that Li2TiSiO5 did not present luminescent properties when the excitement wavelength was 250nm but they did when disordered and excited by the 488nm line. On the other hand Na2TiSiO5 samples presented luminescence with excitement of 250nm although didn t present this property when excited with 488nm. For a better understanding of the luminescent properties in the Li2TiSiO5 and Na2TiSiO5 compounds, their electronic structures were investigated by quantum-mechanical studies. This investigation allowed us obtain information about the effects of deformations in the crystalline structure and in the physical properties of these compounds. The obtained results suggest that the luminescent properties can occur by different mechanisms and thus depend on the crystalline structure and the excitement wavelength.
Do "barro de loiça" à "loiça de barro": caracterização etnopedológica de um artesanato camponês no Agreste Paraibano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-07-30)
Alves, Ângelo Guiseppe Chaves
;
Marques, José Geraldo Wanderley
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7962059488333070
Ethnopedological studies have been devoted mainly to agriculture, paying little attention to other aspects (e.g. pottery) of land use. The main objective of this work was to describe and analyse local knowledge and practices among peasant potters, as related to some soils that they use as ceramic resource, in a rural village (Chã da Pia) in Northeast Brazil. Peasant soil knowledge was described and analysed through an adaptation of classic ethnoscientific techniques, attempting to articulate emic and etic data, following Marques s Comprehensive Ethnoecology. Five soil profiles were formally described by researchers (etic approach) near pits where local people obtain pottery clay. Later, peasant artisans where asked to indicate the soil categories or materials they recognized in those same soil profiles (emic approach). Samples collected during both emic and etic approaches were used to describe and analyse the soils existing near these clay sources. Peasant potters recognized variations between the topsoil and subsurface soil. They were capable of distinguishing, identifying and naming, their way, some soil materials arranged in layers ( capas ) along the soil profile: terra (earth), piçarro (gravel), cabeça do barro (clay head), barro de loiça (ceramic clay), and pedra mole (soft rock). The multi-layered arrangement of these materials along the soil profiles was similar to the arrangement of the horizons as described in formal pedology. Nonetheless, local potters did not seem to know about pedogenetic relationships among these layers. Discriminant-canonical analysis, based on chemical, physical and morphological soil features, has shown clear distinctions between the agricultural topsoil and subsurface layers from where ceramic resources may be collected. It also made possible to demonstrate physical, chemical and morphological similarity among some soil materials (as distinguished by local potters) and the pedogenetic horizons where these materials are normally found. Barro de loiça is the main ceramic resource obtained from local soils. It was found mainly as part of the the 2Bt horizon in Eutric Planosols and Haplic Solonetz. The making of ethnopedological studies in different social and pedological environments could be an aid to the advancement of formal soil knowledge, also giving an opportunity to understanding and valuing local soil knowledge and management.
Influência do ambiente construído na distribuição das temperaturas do ar em Araraquara/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-07-30)
Barbugli, Renata Aboud
;
Roriz, Maurício
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355579765506588
The central theme of this dissertation was to evaluate the influence of the urban occupation in the variations of air temperature in Araraquara, a medium size city in the central region of the State of Sao Paulo. At first, temperature takings were made in places that are representative of the different tipologies of urban occupation in the city and the first results showed temperature variations up to 6oC in different places. Besides the measurements made in each of the places, some of the theoretically physical determining parameters of temperature variation were registered, such as: altitude, solar rays incidence angle at noon, roof area, vicinity to water, number of inhabitants per square meter and the percentage of paved, cemented, trees and grass areas. The quantification of the urban occupation design parameters was obtained through topographic maps and serial color orthophotography of the city area. Using the Cluster statistical analysis, the different places were put together according to the similarities of its urban occupation design parameters. Then, for each of the groups, multiple linear regression analyses were made to relate the thermal parameters to the quantified urban occupation parameters. These analyses allowed the elaboration of representative thermal maps of the typical summer and winter days. The observation of the maps showed significant differences between the urban perimeter and the intensely inhabited areas. The least thermal densities were observed in places of higher urban density, demonstrating, then, the occurrence of the urban thermal inertia.
Estrutura genética das populações de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) da Colômbia estimada através de marcadores nucleares e mitocondriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-07-30)
Quiroga, Carlos Fernando Prada
;
Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
In 1957 a hybridization process occurred in South America between European and African bees just introduced in the continent. Since the arrival of the Africanized bees to Colombia in 1978 and their total establishment four years later, there have been done few studies about the degree of hybridization between Africanized swarms from Brazil and the resident ones. Allozymic analysis showed that: I) Hk-1 and Mdh-1 allele frequencies in Colombian Apis mellifera samples are very similar to the ones of Brazilian bees; ii) Africanized populations from Colombia have different levels of introgression of African genes into the European genome of the resident bees; iii) these populations are at Hardy-Wienberg equilibrium and the loci are not at linkage disequilibrium, suggesting that the Africanization process of the Colombian bees has been completed probability; iv) the presence of a altitudinal clinal variation suggests an effect of natural selection on Mdh-1 phenotypes. The 16S region of the mitochondrial DNA showed almost exclusively the African pattern of Colombian bees, a result similar to that was found in Brazilian and Uruguayan bees. The increasing frequencies of haplotype A1 (C/A) for the intergenic region CO I CO II of Colombian bees is related to the decrease of the pattern A4 (B/B) during the movement of the Africanized swarms from Brazil to north of the continent. Based on the results for the three regions of the mitochondrial DNA (16S, intergenic region CO I - COII and CO I), a high number of haplotypes was observed, showing the heterogeneous maternal origin of these colonies. These mitochondrial DNA haplotypes are not distributed through a latitudinal or altitudinal clines indicating that the colonies with African mitochondrial DNA is able to explore many different environments in Colombia. Microsatéllite analysis showed the presence of 7 to 12 alleles for the A43 and RJP57-1 loci. The allele sizes varied between 125-150 pb and 400-600pb, respectively. The results of the present work suggest that the bee populations of Colombia are genetically similar to the ones from north Brazil based on the results from nuclear and mitochondrial markers.
Tipos de personalidade e estilos de aprendizagem: proposições para o ensino de engenharia.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-07-30)
Kuri, Nidia Pavan
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Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate how the teaching of engineering can benefit from knowledge of the students personality types and learning styles. To identify the types and styles, two inventories were used, based on Jung s Theory of Psychological Types Keirsey s Temperament Sorter and Felder & Soloman s Index of Learning Styles, both translated into Portuguese. These instruments were submitted to 840 undergraduate students of Engineering enrolled in a five-years regular course at a public education institution located in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The sample was divided into four groups and three subgroups, comprising undergraduate students of Mechanical, Electrical, Civil and Industrial Engineering in their first, third and fifth years, respectively. In the statistical analyses of the results, three approaches were considered: a descriptive analysis, a correlation analysis, and a logistic model. The latter approach was introduced into the statistical analysis of the results in order to verify not only the existence of a correlative structure among the variables analyzed personality types and learning styles but also the probability of the variables qualification and undergraduate year influencing the percentage of responses obtained from the questions of the instruments. The validity of the model was proven in this study. In addition to the statistical analyses, the results were also analyzed qualitatively to discuss the possible effects of the students personality traits on their learning styles and to propose teaching-learning strategies tailored to the profiles identified, aiming to contribute to the teaching practices in engineering. The study have confirmed the reliability and validity of the instruments applied, which have been able to estimate the preferences of the population under investigation. Is also highlighted the fact that the knowledge of the student s personality traits and learning styles may have important implications for teaching. Hence, it may aid the lecturer in different ways, such as: for planning teaching/learning activities, for removing communication barriers in the classroom, for improving personal relationships, and for avoiding productivity losses.
Estudo da influência da adição de compostos de boro na resistência à oxidação de refratários a base de carbeto de silício-liga de nitreto.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-06)
Rodrigues, Cesar Augusto Frasson
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
In this work, boron was added in a commercial silicon carbide bonded silicon nitride refractory and its influence has been evaluated. These materials have been used as high temperature structural ceramic due to their properties combination, as the hot modulus of rupture, abrasion resistance, excellent thermal conductivity, good thermal shock resistance and good corrosion resistance. To prepare the studied compositions, boron compounds were added during mixing stage and sintered at 1450o C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Some compositions were tested on a first stage using hot modulus of rupture tests and X ray diffractions. On a second stage, modulus of rupture at room temperature, scanning electronic microscopy and mainly oxidation tests (980 and 1230o C / 200 hours) were performed and valued. The obtained results were compared with the commercial refractory. As the weight gain is an oxidation indicative, samples made with boron nitride have indicated trends to be a good alternative to increase the oxidation resistance. Besides, boron additives contributed to crystallize the silica film in the samples and contributed to getting a better oxidation resistance. The oxygen diffusivity is bigger in the vitreous silica than in the crystalline, and due to this crystallization, boron additives have shown a good opportunity to decrease the oxidation rate. The results obtained by SEM showed silicon nitride fibers, mainly inside the porous. Moreover, as informed on the paper references, boron has contributed to form air bubbles in the silica film, but without bubbles rupture. These ruptures could be responsible to increase the oxidation rate in the silicon carbide surfaces. Also, spherulits were not observed in the oxidized film.
Filmes finos de LaNiO3 depositados sobre substratos monocristalinos pelo método dos precursores poliméricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-06)
Mambrini, Giovanni Pimenta
;
Varela, José Arana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1807399214239200
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7723027354150918
This work reports a systematic study on the deposition and characterization of LaNiO3 thin films. This material is a ceramic conductor and presents a near metallic behavior, and is interesting for capacitor electrodes application in memories systems, because of the reduction of fatigue behavior. The synthesis of the precursor resin was realized by the polymeric precursor method. The films were deposited with the spin-coating technique on five different substrates: Si(100), Safire(0001), MgO(100), LaAlO3(100) and SrTiO3(100), and after they were crystallized at 700ºC for two hours in a conventional furnace or at 700ºC for ten minutes in a microwave oven. After that, the films were characterized by X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and measurements of electrical resistivity as a function of temperature. The films deposited on Si(100) were tested as electrodes for SrTiO3 capacitors, deposited with the same method. Polycrystalline and single phase LaNiO3 thin films were obtained on Si(100), Safire(0001) and MgO(100) substrates, whereas the films deposited on LaAlO3(100) and SrTiO3(100) substrates were epitaxial. The method enable a good thickness control and allows the deposition of films without cracks and very homogeneous. Electrical measurements shown a metallic behavior between 20 and 300K, and the epitaxial films have a smaller electrical resistivity, in comparison with the polycrystalline ones. The best result was obtained with the deposition on strontium titanate substrate and the measured resistivity was 250µΩcm, lower than that obtained with others methods reported in the literature. The crystallization in a microwave oven was not so satisfactory, since films with higher resistivity than that crystallized in conventional furnaces were obtained, because their morphology. However, these films are still good for an application in capacitors systems. The system Au/SrTiO3/LaNiO3/Si(100) was also studied being the lanthanum nickelate a good electrode for this system. Dielectric constant of 250 at 10 kHz was obtained which is about the same reported in the literature for this system with Pt electrodes. Dielectric constant measurements as a function of the applied potential of work shown an asymmetric behavior because the difference between the two electrodes of the capacitor. The charge imprisonment in the ceramic/electrode interface causes a reduction in the capacitance with applied potential. In this manner, a simple methodology for preparation of thin films was used resulting in good characteristics and promising for application in DRAM systems. THIN FILMS DEPOSITED ON SINGLE CRYSTAL SUBSTRATES BY THE POLIMERIC PRECURSOR METHOD: This work reports a systematic study on the deposition and characterization of LaNiO3 thin films. This material is a ceramic conductor and presents a near metallic behavior, and is interesting for capacitor electrodes application in memories systems, because of the reduction of fatigue behavior. The synthesis of the precursor resin was realized by the polymeric precursor method. The films were deposited with the spin-coating technique on five different substrates: Si(100), Safire(0001), MgO(100), LaAlO3(100) and SrTiO3(100), and after they were crystallized at 700ºC for two hours in a conventional furnace or at 700ºC for ten minutes in a microwave oven. After that, the films were characterized by X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and measurements of electrical resistivity as a function of temperature. The films deposited on Si(100) were tested as electrodes for SrTiO3 capacitors, deposited with the same method. Polycrystalline and single phase LaNiO3 thin films were obtained on Si(100), Safire(0001) and MgO(100) substrates, whereas the films deposited on LaAlO3(100) and SrTiO3(100) substrates were epitaxial. The method enable a good thickness control and allows the deposition of films without cracks and very homogeneous. Electrical measurements shown a metallic behavior between 20 and 300K, and the epitaxial films have a smaller electrical resistivity, in comparison with the polycrystalline ones. The best result was obtained with the deposition on strontium titanate substrate and the measured resistivity was 250µΩcm, lower than that obtained with others methods reported in the literature. The crystallization in a microwave oven was not so satisfactory, since films with higher resistivity than that crystallized in conventional furnaces were obtained, because their morphology. However, these films are still good for an application in capacitors systems. The system Au/SrTiO3/LaNiO3/Si(100) was also studied being the lanthanum nickelate a good electrode for this system. Dielectric constant of 250 at 10 kHz was obtained which is about the same reported in the literature for this system with Pt electrodes. Dielectric constant measurements as a function of the applied potential of work shown an asymmetric behavior because the difference between the two electrodes of the capacitor. The charge imprisonment in the ceramic/electrode interface causes a reduction in the capacitance with applied potential. In this manner, a simple methodology for preparation of thin films was used resulting in good characteristics and promising for application in DRAM systems.
Influência das condições de processamento na morfologia e das propriedades mecânicas de sistemas poliméricos moldados por injeção e sua predição através de redes neurais artificiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Lotti, Cybele
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Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
The influence of the injection molding parameters on the morphology and mechanical properties of poly(phenylene sulfide), PPS, and of a 80/20(%wt) blend of PPS/block copolymer styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene ,SEBS, were evaluated. The injection molding conditions were defined through an experimental design. The lower and upper limits of each variable were set considering the material characteristics and the machine capacity. The software MOLDFLOW® was used to simulate the injection molding process, to define the cooling and holding times, to guarantee the part quality and to obtain the shear rate and bulk temperature profiles at the end of the filling step. For PPS, it was observed that the variables with highest influence on the gradient of crystallinity along the part thickness and on the mechanical properties were melt (Tinj) and mold (Tm) temperatures. For the PPS/SEBS blend, the flow rate (Q), mold temperature and holding pressure (Ph) were the variables with highest influence on the morphology. The aspect ratio of the SEBS particles, dispersed on the PPS matrix, was almost unaffected by the changes of the injection conditions; on the other hand, the mean particle size (caliper length along the major axis) and the value of the dispersion function represented qualitatively well the morphological variations observed for the blend. The artificial neural networks, built with experimental data and trained with the group cross validation method (GCV), predicted with good precision the morphology and the mechanical properties, starting from the injection molding processing conditions, as well as the mechanical properties starting from the morphological aspects.
Sistema de apoio à decisão: avaliação de cenários de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos domiciliares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Massukado, Luciana Miyoko
;
Zanta, Viviana Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0254925867760548
The amount of waste generated by human activities associated with the decrease of appropriate final disposal sites have been presented as one of the great challenges to be faced by local administrations as well as by waste generating communities. Nowadays, household solid waste management is analyzed according to Descartes and Newton models, which are characterized by the separation and analysis of a system through its parts, resulting in isolated and narrow sighted decisions. Aspects such as the lack of technical training and financial resources contribute to this ongoing scenario. Considering the exposed problem this work aims to develop a decision support system to support the managers in the evaluation household solid waste management scenarios. The method consisted in defining and delimiting the work field of decision support system, followed by the construction of a conceptual model based on the acquired knowledge. The model was then translated in action screens and decision workflows, which were programmed in Delphi 6.0. The Extreme Programming (XP) methodology was applied, meaning that programmer and cognitive agent act together in the code of the system. Finally, the validation of the SIMGERE software in São Carlos (São Paulo State) was made in two moments - first on program s usability, in other words, if the system is friendly and easy understanding by user for treating of a new environment for him and; second on the coherence of the results obtained by the simulation of the municipal household solid waste management. For São Carlos case study, the landfill lifetime projection, nearly 2 years, was coherent with the expected. However, the economical simulation needs to be revised in order to better reflect the current management model.
Equação mestra não-linear aplicada ao estudo de bioestabilidade óptica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Yoshida, Alexandre Calzavara
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Mizrahi, Salomon Sylvain
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143137168199991
In this dissertation, we present a generalized master equation for a system of N two- level atoms pumped by a classical field, interacting with a reservoir. The kinds of reservoirs are assumed: (a) thermal, (b) squeezed vacuum. A master equation for the system was derived under Born and Markov approximations. The mean ¯eld approximation is done for the many-body system, so we obtain a non-linear master equation for a representative atom of the system . We discuss the optical bistable behavior of the output field, and analyze how much this phenomenon is sensitive to the number of atoms, the atom-reservoir coupling and to the parameters of de reservoir.
Gerenciamento de pneumáticos inservíveis: análise crítica de procedimentos operacionais e tecnologias para minimização, adotadas no território nacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Cimino, Marly Alvarez
;
Zanta, Viviana Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0254925867760548
Lasting for 150 years of development and still playing the role of irretrievable, the tire, when turned into solid waste, becomes environmental concern. In Brazil, due to the considerable amount generated and the long-life of this solid waste, the disposal environmental risks reach large proportions, mainly in urban areas. For this reason, this is a subject which demands responsible management, along local governmental articulation, direct an indirect in charge subordinated by the rules of CONAMA nº 258 / 99 e 301 / 02, and ruled by Instrução Normativa nº 08/02, of IBAMA. As far as it may concern, this paper aims a critical investigation on operational procedures as well as on the technologies regarding tire solid waste management in the country, mainly under the legislation above-mentioned. The literature survey made possible the evaluation of procedures development on managing, by a diagnoses of present tire solid waste management in the country as much as its interfaces with environmental legislation. Also, it has supported the understanding of the level of involving and awareness of those in charge with the matter, and the present Technologies for minimizing the generated waste. This paper has been conceived to accomplish tire solid waste management regarding collecting strategies and good use in the ground of an interaction among the responsible segments. Its goal is the minimization of environmental impact and public health damage, which derive from improperly manipulation of solid waste in urban site, in order to appease future generations none of the problems that are faced nowadays.
Busca de substâncias bioativas em plantas amazônicas: Adiscanthus fusciflorus (Rutaceae), Trichilia pallida e T. rubra (Meliaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Rocha, Waldireny Caldas
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Vieira, Paulo Cezar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
The aim of this work was the search for antiparasitic and insecticide compounds in active extracts from the following amazon plants: A. fusciflorus (Rutaceae), T pallida e T. rubra (Meliaceae). The selected biological models were: 1) antiparasitic activity against the forms tripomastigota of T. cruzi, inhibition of the activity of gGAPDH of T. cruzi, inhibition of the activity of APRT of L. tarentolae and 2) insecticidal activity - against Spodoptera frugiperda and Atta sexdens a leafcutter ant. All the extracts were bioasseyed and liquid-liquid partition was carried out. From this each partition they were obtained five fractions that were obtained from each extract and these were assayed as well. The fractions were selected by two criteria: the) evaluation of the biological activity of the fractions in relation to your respective extracts and chemical profile of each fraction. Through successive fractioning it was possible to isolate and identify series of different compounds such as: dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives, coumarins, alkaloids, triterpenoids and steroids (some of them are described for the first time), limonoids and flavonoids. The identification of the compounds was carried out through different kind of NMR technique and comparison with data from the literature. The search for compounds with inhibitory activity on the enzyme APRT led to the furanoquinoline alkaloids. The results obtained for inhibitory effect of the enzyme gGAPDH of T. cruzi are promising compounds. Some of the isolated compounds showed interesting activity against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. The results obtained for inhibitory effect of the enzyme gGAPDH of T. cruzi are promising compounds. Some of the isolated compounds showed interesting activity against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. In the search for insecticidal compounds against S. frugiperda it was evaluated the activity of limonoids, cicloartane triterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, cumarins and alkaloids. Special attention was driven to the incorporation of skiamminine and the estimate DL50. In the bioassay carried out to A. sexdens it was observed the toxicity of some extracts, mainly the methanol extract of leaves from A. fusciflorus. It was also observed that some compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity on symbiotic fungi of A. sexdens and for some pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, in this work it was possible to isolate and identify active compounds in all proposed biological models.
Estudos de prevenção da corrosão de refratários utilizados em carro-torpedo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-13)
Justus, Sergio Murilo
;
Leite, Edson Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
;
Longo, Elson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
The high competitiveness generated by the world metallurgical scenery has been taking the Integrated Steelworks to look for an incessant way the increase of the efficiency of the refine pre-treatment processes, especially Pig Iron Hot Metal Desulfurization at Torped Car. As collateral effect, the refractory lining used in these equipment has been submitted to operational conditions more and more severe leading to an increasing the wear rate. In this sense, the Post Mortem Study of a based Al2O3/SiC/C/MgAl2O4 refractory lining (ASCM) used at CSN Torped Cars was carried out. It was concluded that a slag containing a big amount of calcium aluminum-silicate, interacts with the refractory microstructure promoting the corrosion. It was also identified a concurrent mechanism by alkaline incorporation, besides corundum to betaalumina transformation and SiC oxidation by Na2O resulting in better conditions to the graphite of protection, and consequently, improving the refractory lining campaign. In order to prevent the corrosion of the Torped Car Refractory Lining, a new technology was developed by using a Impregnation Technique of the Cerium Solution SIT/Ce, which the Cerium Solution is able to fill up partially the opened porous of the ASCM microstructure, improving the corrosion resistance and thermal-mechanical properties. The protection mechanism was identified carrying out dynamic slag test and fracture energy test, followed by microstructure characterization by using of the Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction and Mercury Porosimeter. Another New Protection Technology of Torped Car Refractory Lining was also developed based on Protecting Layer Formation - FPL. This technique consists of changing the Slag Composition, resulting in an improved wear resistance. Preliminary simulations were carried out in order to optimize the dopant concentration at the slag, followed by tests in rotative oven simulating the wettability refractory material by doped slag. As consequence the Technology of FPL was implemented at Industrial Scale resulting in an additional Protection Mechanism of CSN Torped Car Refractory Lining. By taking account the ASCM refractory lining microstructure, it was observed that main corrosion spots are located in the material fine fraction (matrix). Besides, the matrix which includes the primary bonding system, additional pores are generated to the existing ones as consequence of the resin oxidation during Torped Car heating up. Therefore, it was evaluated the effect of the Doping Bonding System in relation to the thermal and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. It was achieved an improvement of both indicating the feasibility of The Doping Technique of the Bonding System – DBS/CeO2.
Sistema de gestão ambiental em estações de tratamento de esgoto. O caso da ETE Remédios (Salesópolis - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-13)
Ramos, Andréia Guaracho
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
The sanitation companies have as mission the supply of services of basic sanitation, especially the water supply of good quality for the suppliment of the necessities of domestic and industrial supplying, as well as the collection, treatment and final disposal of the generated sewers, to guarantee the conditions of public health for all the population of its area of performance and to contribute for the ambient quality. These commitments, fort I appeal ambient, can be strengthened, with the implement of a System of Ambient Management and with the formularization of the Ambient Politics of the organization. The deficiency of collecting nets of sewer, added to the situation that 10% of the total sewer are only dealt with, in Brazil (IBGE, 2000), evidences the bad management of these systems, that still is aggravated to the situation of that exactly these 10% are not ambiently correct. The stations of treatment of sewer, any that is the adopted process, have industrial characteristics using raw material; input; generating waste and needing prepared human resources for the performance of its activities and that many times are not attempting against for this. Inside of this scene, the option for the adoption of a System of Ambient Management appears, that besides being a way for the preservation of the nature and the man; through the prevention of the pollution; it offers the half ones for the reduction of wastefulnesses, reduction of costs and promotion of the continuous improvement of the processes and products. The main objective of this work is; through a case study, being the applied methodology; to analyze the contributions of a System of Ambient Management in a Station of Treatment of Sewer. For this, the stages of implantation of the SGA were analyzed, where if it verifies the necessary requirements for the implantation of NBR ISO 14001. Through this analysis one concludes that the certification of conformity with NBR ISO 14001, does not guarantee the ambient quality, however, a systemize System of Ambient Management contributes for a management capable to alert and to visualize as the activities of a Station of Treatment of Sewer can exert negative interferences on the environment and become these sustainable activities ambiently.
GAwCRe: um gerador de aplicações baseadas na web para o domínio de clínicas de reabilitação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-16)
Pazin, Anderson
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Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
Pattern languages define a domain, easing application modeling by less experienced developers. With the use of a pattern language a generic architecture (frameworks or application generators) can be defined, capable of automating part of the new applications development process. That architecture can be represented by an Application Modeling Language (AML), using the concepts of software products line, which allow an application definition from high level specification. In that context, this work presents a Web based application generator for the Rehabilitation Clinic Management Systems domain (SiGCli; Sistemas de Gestão de Clínicas de Reabilitação, in portuguese), named GAwCRe (Web Application Generator for Rehabilitation Clinics; Gerador de Aplicações baseada Web para Clinícas de Reabilitação, in portuguese). Its instantiation for these applications is done using an AML that has been defined based on the SiGCli pattern language. A meta-model using the XML language has been made to represent AML and SiGCli information. Thus, the AML information presented in the applications generator instantiation interface is dynamically created. For the artifacts generation process, code templates are defined with substitution points previously established that have to assume the values defined in the XML document, according to the application AML specification. The XML document eases the AMl and SigCli documentation readability. With XML use, the GAwCRe applications generator has enough flexibility to support other pattern languages mapped to the XML structure defined, consequently allowing its reuse.
Câmara e agenda 21 regional para uma rede de cidades sustentáveis: a região metropolitana da baixada santista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-16)
Carmo, Silvia de Castro Bacellar do
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Falcoski, Luiz Antonio Nigro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3200660670856698
The majority of the metropolitan regions, urban agglomerates and Brazilian cities live together with a degraded urban environment, resulting from a non-planned spatial expansion, lack of basic infrastructure, inefficiency of health and cultural systems, social exclusion, and from a non-planned prioritization of economic activities. One may also observe an increase in the metropolization process, where cities are united by their economic vocation or by conurbation processes, acquiring a new characterization, represented by political-institutional aspects. Concurrently, there has been an increase in global awareness as to the anthropic activity consequences over ecosystems and the repercussion of the current degradation on communities life conditions. The sustainable development parameter arises as a path to be followed in order to prevent exhausting natural resources and for the conquering of a worthy quality of life for all humankind, being the Agenda 21 one of the main instruments to be used within a strategic and participative process. The search for sustainability for the cities of a metropolitan region orients the development of this study. Establishing as spatial field of research the Baixada Santista Metropolitan Region, and adopting a profile of the institutional and socio-environmental dimension, one may promote a systematization of the planning and management structure of its nine municipalities, and of the whole set, as support to confirm the hypothesis that the search for metropolitan sustainability depends on the implementation of a metropolitan committee and of a metropolitan Agenda 21. This systematization was elaborated from a theoretical and reflexive investigation into the concepts and guiding vectors of a sustainable city: the urban environmental planning tendencies and the Brazilian legal and institutional aspects of the environmental question; through selection of foreign and national experiences of Local Agendas 21; through investigation of the region s Local Agendas 21; and, finally, through interviews and questionnaires applied to the municipalities, public agencies and appointed metropolitan agents. The result demonstrated a political-institutional integration geared towards economic dimension, a tendency to isolated and momentary solutions and the absence of effective participative processes; but, on the other hand, it has pointed to a viability of alterations in the current socio-institutional conjuncture, with the real activation of the Metropolitan Agenda 21 and with normative alterations in the official jurisdiction of the shared metropolitan representation.
Método RSCT reengenharia de software orientada a componentes usando transformações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-16)
Bossonaro, Adriano Aleixo
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
This project researched a Component-Oriented Software Reengineering Method using Transformations, named RSCT. The researched method extends the RST Method [Fon02a, Fon02b, Fon02c, Fon02d, Fon04], adding resources to treat the component-based reengineering. The RSCT aims to guide the components construction and reuse in the reengineering of legacy systems. The method is supported by two tools: a Software Transformation System, named Draco-PUC and a CASE tool, named MVCASE, and is divided in 4 (four) phases. In Phase 1, Construct Domains and Transformers, it is obtained the domains and transformers used in the legacy system reverse engineering to obtain of Object-Oriented Design. In Phase 2, Obtain Object-Oriented Design, it is obtained the legacy system object-oriented recovered design, using the domains and transformers constructed in Phase 1. In Phase 3, Construct Components, it is obtained the components of the legacy system domain, from the objectoriented recovered designs in Phase 2. With the MVCASE support, the Software Engineering analyses and refines each Object-Oriented design and uses design patterns to construct the components, making them available in a library. Finally, in Phase 4, Reconstruct Systems, the legacy systems are reconstructed from their object-oriented designs, obtained in Phase 2, reusing the components available in the library.
Reforma a vapor do etanol sobre catalisadores de Ni e Co suportados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-17)
Liberatori, Janete Werle de Camargo
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
The Ni and Co catalysts supported on Al2O3 and 12%La-Al2O3 and the carrier 12%La-Al2O3 were prepared by impregnation of the support with an aqueous solution of corresponding nitrates metals. The catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed reduction (TPR), specific surface area (B.E.T.) and XRay Diffraction (XRD). The reaction rate for decomposition of ethanol in homogeneous phase becomes significant relative to the heterogeneous reaction at higher temperature (≥ 620ºC). The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst with higher Ni loading (15 wt.%) is active for dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of ethanol at temperatures lower than 500ºC, showing high selectivity to CH4 and CO. The rate to steam reforming of CH4 over Ni/Al2O3 catalyst became significant at temperature higher than 500ºC. The Co/Al2O3 catalyst with high Co loading (12 wt %) is mainly active for dehydrogenation at temperatures lower than 480ºC, showing high selectivity to steam reforming of ethanol, forming predominantly CO2. The selectivity to CH4 was suppressed on La-containing catalysts (Ni/La-Al2O3 and Co/La-Al2O3). The decreasing Co loading from 12 to 1 wt % in the Co/La-Al2O3 catalyst provides a decreasing on the selectivity to dehydrogenization of ethanol. The La-Al2O3 support shows active sites for dehydrogenation of ethanol, these sites are blocked increasing the Co loading. The Ni and Co catalysts show activity for carbon deposition. The addition of the promoters Ag and Sn have no positive effect to suppress the carbon deposition. The carbon deposition was suppressed increasing water/ethanol ratio up to stoichiometric ratio.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos automáticos para determinação de etanol, glicerol e ácido tartárico em vinho empregando multicomutação em fluxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-18)
Fernandes, Elizabeth Nunes
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Reis, Boaventura Freire dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7619359855870896
In the present work, flow systems for the determination of ethanol, glycerol and tartaric acid in wine without previous sample treatment are described. The flow system were based on multicommutation and controlled by microcomputer allowing that the analytic procedures were accomplished automatically without the intervention of the operator. For ethanol determination the proposed procedure employed detection by chemiluminescence using equipment developed in the Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura. The detection device comprised a glass flow cell that was installed between two photodiodes forming a compact unit that was packed into a metallic box. The procedure for ethanol determination was based on the enzymatic reaction using alcohol oxidase producing acetaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide reacted with luminol catalyzed by potassium hexacianoferrate (III) producing chemiluminescence. The luminescence intensity presented a direct relationship with ethanol concentration. The system allowed wine sample analysis without any prior treatment, presenting linear response between 2.5 and 25% (v/v) of ethanol characterized by the equation Signal (mV) = (20 ± 1) + (7.8 ± 0.3) % of ethanol (r = 0.997), a coefficient of variation of 1.8% for a typical wine sample presenting 11 % (v/v) of ethanol and a sampling frequency of 28 determinations for hour. For glycerol determination it was based on the reaction with glycerol dehydrogenase in presence the cofactor NAD+, resulting in oxidation of NAD+ to NADH that was monitored at 340 nm. After system optimization, a linear response between 2.0 and 10.0 g l-1 of glycerol characterized by the equation Abs = (0.1320 ± 0.003) + (149x10-4 ± 4x10-4) g l-1 of glycerol (r = 0.998), a coefficient of variation of 1.6% for a typical wine sample presenting 5.3 g L-1 of glycerol and a sampling frequency of 33 determinations for hour were obtained. For tartaric acid determination a single line module of analysis was designed, based on the reaction with vanadate and detection was carried out by spectrophotometry at 490 nm after reaction with sodium vanadate. The procedure presented a linear relationship between 0.50 and 10.0 g l-1 of tartaric acid characterized by the equation Abs = (0.206 ± 0.001) + 0.0404 ± 2.76x10-4 g l-1 of tartaric acid (r = 0.999), a coefficient of variation of 2.1% for a typical wine sample presenting 1.84 g L-1 of tartaric acid and a sampling frequency of 28 determinations for hour. Comparing the reagent consumption with earlier works it was observed that reduction about 65% was obtained. The three systems that comprise this work when applied to analysis wine samples presented results, which compared with results obtained using official methods no significant difference at 90 % confidence level were observed.
Quelato complexos de oxovanádio (IV): potenciais mimetizadores de insulina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-18)
Barbosa, Andrey Castro
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Dockal, Edward Ralph
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
Based on studies of another studies that explored the capacity of oxovanadium(IV) ion to mimic insulin, we had the idea to contribute with this line of research. For this, our choice of ligands was trans - 1,2 diamineciclohexane - N,N,N`,N` - tetraacétic (CDTA) and ethilenediaminetetraacétic (EDTA) acids, to synthesize the [VO(CDTA)], Na2[VO(EDTA)] and [(VO)2(EDTA)].4H2O complexes. These compounds were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry and Elemental Analysis. We also used Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance for compounds that contain EDTA ligands and X Ray analysis to analyze the compounds that contains two metallic centers. The last compound was used in biologic tests in Wistar rats.