Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2004-08-12"

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Influência das condições de processamento na morfologia e das propriedades mecânicas de sistemas poliméricos moldados por injeção e sua predição através de redes neurais artificiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Lotti, Cybele
;
Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
The influence of the injection molding parameters on the morphology and mechanical properties of poly(phenylene sulfide), PPS, and of a 80/20(%wt) blend of PPS/block copolymer styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene ,SEBS, were evaluated. The injection molding conditions were defined through an experimental design. The lower and upper limits of each variable were set considering the material characteristics and the machine capacity. The software MOLDFLOW® was used to simulate the injection molding process, to define the cooling and holding times, to guarantee the part quality and to obtain the shear rate and bulk temperature profiles at the end of the filling step. For PPS, it was observed that the variables with highest influence on the gradient of crystallinity along the part thickness and on the mechanical properties were melt (Tinj) and mold (Tm) temperatures. For the PPS/SEBS blend, the flow rate (Q), mold temperature and holding pressure (Ph) were the variables with highest influence on the morphology. The aspect ratio of the SEBS particles, dispersed on the PPS matrix, was almost unaffected by the changes of the injection conditions; on the other hand, the mean particle size (caliper length along the major axis) and the value of the dispersion function represented qualitatively well the morphological variations observed for the blend. The artificial neural networks, built with experimental data and trained with the group cross validation method (GCV), predicted with good precision the morphology and the mechanical properties, starting from the injection molding processing conditions, as well as the mechanical properties starting from the morphological aspects.
Sistema de apoio à decisão: avaliação de cenários de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos domiciliares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Massukado, Luciana Miyoko
;
Zanta, Viviana Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0254925867760548
The amount of waste generated by human activities associated with the decrease of appropriate final disposal sites have been presented as one of the great challenges to be faced by local administrations as well as by waste generating communities. Nowadays, household solid waste management is analyzed according to Descartes and Newton models, which are characterized by the separation and analysis of a system through its parts, resulting in isolated and narrow sighted decisions. Aspects such as the lack of technical training and financial resources contribute to this ongoing scenario. Considering the exposed problem this work aims to develop a decision support system to support the managers in the evaluation household solid waste management scenarios. The method consisted in defining and delimiting the work field of decision support system, followed by the construction of a conceptual model based on the acquired knowledge. The model was then translated in action screens and decision workflows, which were programmed in Delphi 6.0. The Extreme Programming (XP) methodology was applied, meaning that programmer and cognitive agent act together in the code of the system. Finally, the validation of the SIMGERE software in São Carlos (São Paulo State) was made in two moments - first on program s usability, in other words, if the system is friendly and easy understanding by user for treating of a new environment for him and; second on the coherence of the results obtained by the simulation of the municipal household solid waste management. For São Carlos case study, the landfill lifetime projection, nearly 2 years, was coherent with the expected. However, the economical simulation needs to be revised in order to better reflect the current management model.
Equação mestra não-linear aplicada ao estudo de bioestabilidade óptica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Yoshida, Alexandre Calzavara
;
Mizrahi, Salomon Sylvain
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143137168199991
In this dissertation, we present a generalized master equation for a system of N two- level atoms pumped by a classical field, interacting with a reservoir. The kinds of reservoirs are assumed: (a) thermal, (b) squeezed vacuum. A master equation for the system was derived under Born and Markov approximations. The mean ¯eld approximation is done for the many-body system, so we obtain a non-linear master equation for a representative atom of the system . We discuss the optical bistable behavior of the output field, and analyze how much this phenomenon is sensitive to the number of atoms, the atom-reservoir coupling and to the parameters of de reservoir.
Gerenciamento de pneumáticos inservíveis: análise crítica de procedimentos operacionais e tecnologias para minimização, adotadas no território nacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Cimino, Marly Alvarez
;
Zanta, Viviana Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0254925867760548
Lasting for 150 years of development and still playing the role of irretrievable, the tire, when turned into solid waste, becomes environmental concern. In Brazil, due to the considerable amount generated and the long-life of this solid waste, the disposal environmental risks reach large proportions, mainly in urban areas. For this reason, this is a subject which demands responsible management, along local governmental articulation, direct an indirect in charge subordinated by the rules of CONAMA nº 258 / 99 e 301 / 02, and ruled by Instrução Normativa nº 08/02, of IBAMA. As far as it may concern, this paper aims a critical investigation on operational procedures as well as on the technologies regarding tire solid waste management in the country, mainly under the legislation above-mentioned. The literature survey made possible the evaluation of procedures development on managing, by a diagnoses of present tire solid waste management in the country as much as its interfaces with environmental legislation. Also, it has supported the understanding of the level of involving and awareness of those in charge with the matter, and the present Technologies for minimizing the generated waste. This paper has been conceived to accomplish tire solid waste management regarding collecting strategies and good use in the ground of an interaction among the responsible segments. Its goal is the minimization of environmental impact and public health damage, which derive from improperly manipulation of solid waste in urban site, in order to appease future generations none of the problems that are faced nowadays.
Busca de substâncias bioativas em plantas amazônicas: Adiscanthus fusciflorus (Rutaceae), Trichilia pallida e T. rubra (Meliaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-12)
Rocha, Waldireny Caldas
;
Vieira, Paulo Cezar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
The aim of this work was the search for antiparasitic and insecticide compounds in active extracts from the following amazon plants: A. fusciflorus (Rutaceae), T pallida e T. rubra (Meliaceae). The selected biological models were: 1) antiparasitic activity against the forms tripomastigota of T. cruzi, inhibition of the activity of gGAPDH of T. cruzi, inhibition of the activity of APRT of L. tarentolae and 2) insecticidal activity - against Spodoptera frugiperda and Atta sexdens a leafcutter ant. All the extracts were bioasseyed and liquid-liquid partition was carried out. From this each partition they were obtained five fractions that were obtained from each extract and these were assayed as well. The fractions were selected by two criteria: the) evaluation of the biological activity of the fractions in relation to your respective extracts and chemical profile of each fraction. Through successive fractioning it was possible to isolate and identify series of different compounds such as: dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives, coumarins, alkaloids, triterpenoids and steroids (some of them are described for the first time), limonoids and flavonoids. The identification of the compounds was carried out through different kind of NMR technique and comparison with data from the literature. The search for compounds with inhibitory activity on the enzyme APRT led to the furanoquinoline alkaloids. The results obtained for inhibitory effect of the enzyme gGAPDH of T. cruzi are promising compounds. Some of the isolated compounds showed interesting activity against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. The results obtained for inhibitory effect of the enzyme gGAPDH of T. cruzi are promising compounds. Some of the isolated compounds showed interesting activity against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. In the search for insecticidal compounds against S. frugiperda it was evaluated the activity of limonoids, cicloartane triterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, cumarins and alkaloids. Special attention was driven to the incorporation of skiamminine and the estimate DL50. In the bioassay carried out to A. sexdens it was observed the toxicity of some extracts, mainly the methanol extract of leaves from A. fusciflorus. It was also observed that some compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity on symbiotic fungi of A. sexdens and for some pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, in this work it was possible to isolate and identify active compounds in all proposed biological models.
Estudos de prevenção da corrosão de refratários utilizados em carro-torpedo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-13)
Justus, Sergio Murilo
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Leite, Edson Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
;
Longo, Elson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
The high competitiveness generated by the world metallurgical scenery has been taking the Integrated Steelworks to look for an incessant way the increase of the efficiency of the refine pre-treatment processes, especially Pig Iron Hot Metal Desulfurization at Torped Car. As collateral effect, the refractory lining used in these equipment has been submitted to operational conditions more and more severe leading to an increasing the wear rate. In this sense, the Post Mortem Study of a based Al2O3/SiC/C/MgAl2O4 refractory lining (ASCM) used at CSN Torped Cars was carried out. It was concluded that a slag containing a big amount of calcium aluminum-silicate, interacts with the refractory microstructure promoting the corrosion. It was also identified a concurrent mechanism by alkaline incorporation, besides corundum to betaalumina transformation and SiC oxidation by Na2O resulting in better conditions to the graphite of protection, and consequently, improving the refractory lining campaign. In order to prevent the corrosion of the Torped Car Refractory Lining, a new technology was developed by using a Impregnation Technique of the Cerium Solution SIT/Ce, which the Cerium Solution is able to fill up partially the opened porous of the ASCM microstructure, improving the corrosion resistance and thermal-mechanical properties. The protection mechanism was identified carrying out dynamic slag test and fracture energy test, followed by microstructure characterization by using of the Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction and Mercury Porosimeter. Another New Protection Technology of Torped Car Refractory Lining was also developed based on Protecting Layer Formation - FPL. This technique consists of changing the Slag Composition, resulting in an improved wear resistance. Preliminary simulations were carried out in order to optimize the dopant concentration at the slag, followed by tests in rotative oven simulating the wettability refractory material by doped slag. As consequence the Technology of FPL was implemented at Industrial Scale resulting in an additional Protection Mechanism of CSN Torped Car Refractory Lining. By taking account the ASCM refractory lining microstructure, it was observed that main corrosion spots are located in the material fine fraction (matrix). Besides, the matrix which includes the primary bonding system, additional pores are generated to the existing ones as consequence of the resin oxidation during Torped Car heating up. Therefore, it was evaluated the effect of the Doping Bonding System in relation to the thermal and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. It was achieved an improvement of both indicating the feasibility of The Doping Technique of the Bonding System – DBS/CeO2.
Sistema de gestão ambiental em estações de tratamento de esgoto. O caso da ETE Remédios (Salesópolis - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-13)
Ramos, Andréia Guaracho
;
Cordeiro, João Sergio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
The sanitation companies have as mission the supply of services of basic sanitation, especially the water supply of good quality for the suppliment of the necessities of domestic and industrial supplying, as well as the collection, treatment and final disposal of the generated sewers, to guarantee the conditions of public health for all the population of its area of performance and to contribute for the ambient quality. These commitments, fort I appeal ambient, can be strengthened, with the implement of a System of Ambient Management and with the formularization of the Ambient Politics of the organization. The deficiency of collecting nets of sewer, added to the situation that 10% of the total sewer are only dealt with, in Brazil (IBGE, 2000), evidences the bad management of these systems, that still is aggravated to the situation of that exactly these 10% are not ambiently correct. The stations of treatment of sewer, any that is the adopted process, have industrial characteristics using raw material; input; generating waste and needing prepared human resources for the performance of its activities and that many times are not attempting against for this. Inside of this scene, the option for the adoption of a System of Ambient Management appears, that besides being a way for the preservation of the nature and the man; through the prevention of the pollution; it offers the half ones for the reduction of wastefulnesses, reduction of costs and promotion of the continuous improvement of the processes and products. The main objective of this work is; through a case study, being the applied methodology; to analyze the contributions of a System of Ambient Management in a Station of Treatment of Sewer. For this, the stages of implantation of the SGA were analyzed, where if it verifies the necessary requirements for the implantation of NBR ISO 14001. Through this analysis one concludes that the certification of conformity with NBR ISO 14001, does not guarantee the ambient quality, however, a systemize System of Ambient Management contributes for a management capable to alert and to visualize as the activities of a Station of Treatment of Sewer can exert negative interferences on the environment and become these sustainable activities ambiently.
GAwCRe: um gerador de aplicações baseadas na web para o domínio de clínicas de reabilitação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-16)
Pazin, Anderson
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Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
Pattern languages define a domain, easing application modeling by less experienced developers. With the use of a pattern language a generic architecture (frameworks or application generators) can be defined, capable of automating part of the new applications development process. That architecture can be represented by an Application Modeling Language (AML), using the concepts of software products line, which allow an application definition from high level specification. In that context, this work presents a Web based application generator for the Rehabilitation Clinic Management Systems domain (SiGCli; Sistemas de Gestão de Clínicas de Reabilitação, in portuguese), named GAwCRe (Web Application Generator for Rehabilitation Clinics; Gerador de Aplicações baseada Web para Clinícas de Reabilitação, in portuguese). Its instantiation for these applications is done using an AML that has been defined based on the SiGCli pattern language. A meta-model using the XML language has been made to represent AML and SiGCli information. Thus, the AML information presented in the applications generator instantiation interface is dynamically created. For the artifacts generation process, code templates are defined with substitution points previously established that have to assume the values defined in the XML document, according to the application AML specification. The XML document eases the AMl and SigCli documentation readability. With XML use, the GAwCRe applications generator has enough flexibility to support other pattern languages mapped to the XML structure defined, consequently allowing its reuse.
Câmara e agenda 21 regional para uma rede de cidades sustentáveis: a região metropolitana da baixada santista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-16)
Carmo, Silvia de Castro Bacellar do
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Falcoski, Luiz Antonio Nigro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3200660670856698
The majority of the metropolitan regions, urban agglomerates and Brazilian cities live together with a degraded urban environment, resulting from a non-planned spatial expansion, lack of basic infrastructure, inefficiency of health and cultural systems, social exclusion, and from a non-planned prioritization of economic activities. One may also observe an increase in the metropolization process, where cities are united by their economic vocation or by conurbation processes, acquiring a new characterization, represented by political-institutional aspects. Concurrently, there has been an increase in global awareness as to the anthropic activity consequences over ecosystems and the repercussion of the current degradation on communities life conditions. The sustainable development parameter arises as a path to be followed in order to prevent exhausting natural resources and for the conquering of a worthy quality of life for all humankind, being the Agenda 21 one of the main instruments to be used within a strategic and participative process. The search for sustainability for the cities of a metropolitan region orients the development of this study. Establishing as spatial field of research the Baixada Santista Metropolitan Region, and adopting a profile of the institutional and socio-environmental dimension, one may promote a systematization of the planning and management structure of its nine municipalities, and of the whole set, as support to confirm the hypothesis that the search for metropolitan sustainability depends on the implementation of a metropolitan committee and of a metropolitan Agenda 21. This systematization was elaborated from a theoretical and reflexive investigation into the concepts and guiding vectors of a sustainable city: the urban environmental planning tendencies and the Brazilian legal and institutional aspects of the environmental question; through selection of foreign and national experiences of Local Agendas 21; through investigation of the region s Local Agendas 21; and, finally, through interviews and questionnaires applied to the municipalities, public agencies and appointed metropolitan agents. The result demonstrated a political-institutional integration geared towards economic dimension, a tendency to isolated and momentary solutions and the absence of effective participative processes; but, on the other hand, it has pointed to a viability of alterations in the current socio-institutional conjuncture, with the real activation of the Metropolitan Agenda 21 and with normative alterations in the official jurisdiction of the shared metropolitan representation.
Método RSCT reengenharia de software orientada a componentes usando transformações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-16)
Bossonaro, Adriano Aleixo
;
Prado, Antonio Francisco do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
This project researched a Component-Oriented Software Reengineering Method using Transformations, named RSCT. The researched method extends the RST Method [Fon02a, Fon02b, Fon02c, Fon02d, Fon04], adding resources to treat the component-based reengineering. The RSCT aims to guide the components construction and reuse in the reengineering of legacy systems. The method is supported by two tools: a Software Transformation System, named Draco-PUC and a CASE tool, named MVCASE, and is divided in 4 (four) phases. In Phase 1, Construct Domains and Transformers, it is obtained the domains and transformers used in the legacy system reverse engineering to obtain of Object-Oriented Design. In Phase 2, Obtain Object-Oriented Design, it is obtained the legacy system object-oriented recovered design, using the domains and transformers constructed in Phase 1. In Phase 3, Construct Components, it is obtained the components of the legacy system domain, from the objectoriented recovered designs in Phase 2. With the MVCASE support, the Software Engineering analyses and refines each Object-Oriented design and uses design patterns to construct the components, making them available in a library. Finally, in Phase 4, Reconstruct Systems, the legacy systems are reconstructed from their object-oriented designs, obtained in Phase 2, reusing the components available in the library.
Reforma a vapor do etanol sobre catalisadores de Ni e Co suportados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-17)
Liberatori, Janete Werle de Camargo
;
Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
The Ni and Co catalysts supported on Al2O3 and 12%La-Al2O3 and the carrier 12%La-Al2O3 were prepared by impregnation of the support with an aqueous solution of corresponding nitrates metals. The catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed reduction (TPR), specific surface area (B.E.T.) and XRay Diffraction (XRD). The reaction rate for decomposition of ethanol in homogeneous phase becomes significant relative to the heterogeneous reaction at higher temperature (≥ 620ºC). The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst with higher Ni loading (15 wt.%) is active for dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of ethanol at temperatures lower than 500ºC, showing high selectivity to CH4 and CO. The rate to steam reforming of CH4 over Ni/Al2O3 catalyst became significant at temperature higher than 500ºC. The Co/Al2O3 catalyst with high Co loading (12 wt %) is mainly active for dehydrogenation at temperatures lower than 480ºC, showing high selectivity to steam reforming of ethanol, forming predominantly CO2. The selectivity to CH4 was suppressed on La-containing catalysts (Ni/La-Al2O3 and Co/La-Al2O3). The decreasing Co loading from 12 to 1 wt % in the Co/La-Al2O3 catalyst provides a decreasing on the selectivity to dehydrogenization of ethanol. The La-Al2O3 support shows active sites for dehydrogenation of ethanol, these sites are blocked increasing the Co loading. The Ni and Co catalysts show activity for carbon deposition. The addition of the promoters Ag and Sn have no positive effect to suppress the carbon deposition. The carbon deposition was suppressed increasing water/ethanol ratio up to stoichiometric ratio.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos automáticos para determinação de etanol, glicerol e ácido tartárico em vinho empregando multicomutação em fluxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-18)
Fernandes, Elizabeth Nunes
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Reis, Boaventura Freire dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7619359855870896
In the present work, flow systems for the determination of ethanol, glycerol and tartaric acid in wine without previous sample treatment are described. The flow system were based on multicommutation and controlled by microcomputer allowing that the analytic procedures were accomplished automatically without the intervention of the operator. For ethanol determination the proposed procedure employed detection by chemiluminescence using equipment developed in the Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura. The detection device comprised a glass flow cell that was installed between two photodiodes forming a compact unit that was packed into a metallic box. The procedure for ethanol determination was based on the enzymatic reaction using alcohol oxidase producing acetaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide reacted with luminol catalyzed by potassium hexacianoferrate (III) producing chemiluminescence. The luminescence intensity presented a direct relationship with ethanol concentration. The system allowed wine sample analysis without any prior treatment, presenting linear response between 2.5 and 25% (v/v) of ethanol characterized by the equation Signal (mV) = (20 ± 1) + (7.8 ± 0.3) % of ethanol (r = 0.997), a coefficient of variation of 1.8% for a typical wine sample presenting 11 % (v/v) of ethanol and a sampling frequency of 28 determinations for hour. For glycerol determination it was based on the reaction with glycerol dehydrogenase in presence the cofactor NAD+, resulting in oxidation of NAD+ to NADH that was monitored at 340 nm. After system optimization, a linear response between 2.0 and 10.0 g l-1 of glycerol characterized by the equation Abs = (0.1320 ± 0.003) + (149x10-4 ± 4x10-4) g l-1 of glycerol (r = 0.998), a coefficient of variation of 1.6% for a typical wine sample presenting 5.3 g L-1 of glycerol and a sampling frequency of 33 determinations for hour were obtained. For tartaric acid determination a single line module of analysis was designed, based on the reaction with vanadate and detection was carried out by spectrophotometry at 490 nm after reaction with sodium vanadate. The procedure presented a linear relationship between 0.50 and 10.0 g l-1 of tartaric acid characterized by the equation Abs = (0.206 ± 0.001) + 0.0404 ± 2.76x10-4 g l-1 of tartaric acid (r = 0.999), a coefficient of variation of 2.1% for a typical wine sample presenting 1.84 g L-1 of tartaric acid and a sampling frequency of 28 determinations for hour. Comparing the reagent consumption with earlier works it was observed that reduction about 65% was obtained. The three systems that comprise this work when applied to analysis wine samples presented results, which compared with results obtained using official methods no significant difference at 90 % confidence level were observed.
Quelato complexos de oxovanádio (IV): potenciais mimetizadores de insulina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-18)
Barbosa, Andrey Castro
;
Dockal, Edward Ralph
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
Based on studies of another studies that explored the capacity of oxovanadium(IV) ion to mimic insulin, we had the idea to contribute with this line of research. For this, our choice of ligands was trans - 1,2 diamineciclohexane - N,N,N`,N` - tetraacétic (CDTA) and ethilenediaminetetraacétic (EDTA) acids, to synthesize the [VO(CDTA)], Na2[VO(EDTA)] and [(VO)2(EDTA)].4H2O complexes. These compounds were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry and Elemental Analysis. We also used Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance for compounds that contain EDTA ligands and X Ray analysis to analyze the compounds that contains two metallic centers. The last compound was used in biologic tests in Wistar rats.
Análise da fluidodinâmica de calor em leito de jorro com alimentação contínua de sólidos pela base
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-19)
Lima, Patrícia Moreira
;
Corrêa, Ronaldo Guimarães
The objective of this work was to develop a theoretical and experimental study of fluid dynamics and heat transfer in a spouted bed with draft tube, which operates in continuous mode with particles feed through the bottom of the bed. This arrangement was chosen in order to maintain axial symmetry inside the bed. The chosen model was a steady-state model with axial variation, where balance equations describe the behavior of the solid and fluid phases both in the spout and annulus regions. A cylindrical-conical bed was used with draft tube and with a solids feed section attached to a gravitational system. The cylindrical column has 45 cm height and 20 cm diameter. The conical base has 15 cm height and internal angle of 600, and the air entrance has 5 cm diameter. The draft tubes have 5 cm diameter and two different heights of 18 and 28 cm. In the experiments glass spheres (dp=2.6 mm) were used for fluid dynamics and heat transfer study. The experimental conditions were: air flow rates of 2,1 and 2,5 m3/min; solids flow rates of 1100, 1500 and 2000 g/min; air temperatures of 80 and 90ºC; and bed heights of 25 and 35cm. The equations of the model were resolved in the program language Matlab by using numeric functions of high performance. The obtained profiles of the fluid dynamic and thermal model showed coherence in the qualitative aspects, because they agree physically with the expected for the spout. The analysis for quantitative comparison between the model and the experiment showed that the gas temperatures in the exit of the bed were predicted with smaller deviations than 3% and the solids temperatures with smaller deviations than 2%. Therefore, the results indicate that the investigated model can be applied in projects of spouted beds with similar characteristics and the bottom solids continuous feed by gravity maintained the axial symmetry of the bed.
Experiências sobre a implementação de Balanced Scorecard em empresas no Brasil: estudos de caso.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Canevarolo, Maria Estela Antonioli Pisani
;
Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
This dissertation aims to investigate the implementation of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in two large companies that operates in Brazil. The realization of the inadequacy of traditional performance measurement systems based on Managerial Accounting that occurred from the beginning of the twenty-century due to the new external and internal operational conditions faced by the most of the companies, many performance measurement systems have been proposed. The most visible result of such revolution is the BSC applied worldwide as well as in Brazil. The BSC has evolved from a performance measurement system to a strategic management system. With relation to Brazil, it is known the growing number of companies adopting the BSC but little empirical research can be found on implementation. The adopted research method was the case study in order to capture the different perspectives on implementation, by conducting semi-structured interviews with people involved in it. Furthermore, the investigation allowed observation of concrete aspects of the implementation. The empirical findings show the implementation of third generation BSC, that is, BSC applied as strategic management system in both companies. With the BSC implementation the culture of strategic planning was implemented or strengthened in the studied companies. The information technology has played a very important role to communicate the strategy but alone it was not enough being also necessary, among other aspects, a good communication plan and the top management support. Also, it was observed that the stakeholder vision regarding performance measurement was limited. Although the BSC is a simple concept it was hard to be implemented because it required the involvement of many people who did not have the same understanding of strategy.
Um avaliador de cenários simulados para reseqüenciamento da produção em sistemas automatizados de manufatura usando lógica nebulosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Fernandes, Marcelo Climaites
;
Morandin Júnior, Orides
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
In the search for competitive advantages, companies of the manufacture industry segment have been investing in the production flexibility and processes automation, looking for assisting a variety of types of products, following a demand for products and with few manual interventions. In this context, tasks like manufacture integration and production planning and management become more complex. The search for solutions in these tasks should always take into account the desired performance of the productive system, in relation to a series of factors like the attendance of delivery dates. Among the planning tasks, the present proposal is to help the production sequencing. This sequencing can be accomplished in several ways as, for instance, using priority rules. Discrete event systems simulation can be used to test different acceptable sequences of production evaluating the conditions or scenarios. However the simulation typically takes long time, not only to run the models but also for the analysis of the obtained data. To deal with the sequencing task due to situations that happen in moments not determined, the time to analyze or define a new arrangement is a very important factor and needs to be short. This proposal presents a system using fuzzy logic, for the evaluation of data obtained from the simulation of scenarios, considering shop floor conditions, to the production sequencing, in order to take a lower time for the evaluation task.
Tutoria centrada na leitura de livros: uma alternativa para alunos com dificuldade em leitura e escrita.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Pasian, Mara Silvia
;
Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de
Nowadays, there is considerable research into the methods and teaching strategies, offered outside the regular classroom, to help children who are having difficulty learning to read and write. The results of this research indicate that few of these methods and teaching strategies result in significant and lasting effects. The method whereby the teacher offers one-to-one tutoring to the child, based on reading story books has shown positive effects regarding the development of reading and writing skills in children with learning difficulties. The aim of the present work is to investigate the impact of a one-toone, 4 days per week tutoring program, based on reading and writing stories, on the literacy skills of young children with learning difficulties. The effects were evaluated by noting the children's performance before and after the intervention, and by comparing their performance with that of children of average and above average performance in the regular classroom. This research focused on four children in the 2nd year of a public school of the city of São Carlos, who displayed lower performance in reading and writing when compared to their classmates. These 8 year-olds were chosen on the basis of teacher recommendation and scores obtained from the Diagnostic Survey developed by M. Clay. The children s scores were measured before and after the intervention. Interviews with the teachers, regarding the children's performance in the classroom, were carried out before and after the intervention. The activities employed during the tutoring program were: re-reading familiar stories, independent reading of the same story the next day, the identification of single letters or words using magnetic letters, the child making up a story with emphasis on the sounds of words, the cutting up and reassembly of a story, the introduction and reading of a new book. In the case of two of the children, the results showed a significant improvement in their reading and writing skills. After the intervention, the performance of these individuals was equal to the class average, thus enabling them to keep up with their classmates. The reading and writing skills of the other two children also showed significant improvement, though their performance remained below the class norm. These results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of reading recovery programs in improving the literacy skills of children with learning difficulties.
Níveis de ocorrência de Hg total em peixes carnívoros das represas de Barra Bonita e Bariri, em função da variação de parâmetros biológicos e da presença de selênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Moura, Mônica Accaui Marcondes
;
Ferreira, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4399379959466298
The Barra Bonita and Bariri reservoirs, Medium river Tietê, São Paulo, Brazil, are used with several purposes as transport, provisioning, electric power generation, professional fishery and leisure. The region is surrounded by an industrial developed pole, receiving sewer of domestic and industrial origin, as well as the effluents of agricultural activities. Not only the pollution for organic pollutants, but also for the inorganic ones, among them heavy metals, are getting the civil society and the scientific community attention, because they mean a hopeless loss of the natural resources. Among heavy metals, mercury is considered one of the more toxics, causing neurological, reproductive and teratogenic disturbances. Before this panorama and because it was certain the mercury presence in these aquatic ecosystems, the present work had as objective quantifies the tenor of Hg in fish, water and sediment. For that, two carnivorous fish species were analyzed Hoplias malabaricus and Serrasalmus spilopleura for a period of one year. Along two years, water and bottom sediment were collected in four different times, in an attempt of determining the seasonal variation. Limnologic parameters and selenium concentration were quantified in an attempt of determining their influence on Hg availability. The medium levels of Hg found in the fish were below the established limit for the human consumption (0.5 mg Hg.Kg-1), however, it was above that established for the conservation of the aquatic life (0.01 mg Hg.kg-1), and they can represent a risk, due to the bioaccumulation. It was not possible to establish a correlation among Hg and Se present in both fish species. The values of Hg and Se in the water stayed below the detection limit of the method (2.0 ng Hg.L-1 and 5.0 ng Se.L-1). In relation to the sediment, although, only in some points of the two reservoirs Hg has state above the allowed limit (1.0 mg Hg.kg-1), the fact should be analyzed with caution, once the sediment is accumulative and potential source of pollutants. In this way, public politics seeking the permanent water quality monitoring, as well as the prohibition of antropic pollutant activities, are essential for balance and sustainability maintenance of Barra Bonita and Bariri reservoirs.
Desenvolvimento de processo de inoculação com microcarregador Cytoline 1 visando o cultivo de célula CHO-K1 em biorreator de leito fixo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Querino, Marcelo Vargas
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Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2775887824019811
The use of the technology of animal cell culture for the expression of recombinant proteins has been gaining major interest within biotechnology due the obtation of recent efficient medicaments in the chronic diseases. In this work was utilized the recombinant lineage CHO-K1, denominate CHOZMD, anchorage-dependent. It is capable of expressing a disintegrin with antimetastics properties. Knowing the precedent of well performance of fixed bed bioreactors with utilization of microcarriers in large scale animals cells cultures. It was fixed as purpose of this work the definition of a method to prepare of inoculum to this bioreactor utilizing Cytoline 1 commercial macroporous microcarrier in spinner flask. The cultures realized in spinner flasks of 500 mL with Cytoline 1 microcarriers with DMEM medium in range of pH in 7.0 to 7.4. It showed that the electrostatic incompatibility between the cell and the microcarrier matrix composed of polyethylene and silica was responsible by decreased adhesion cell and, consequently, by intense cell death for firsts hours of experiments. In function this was necessary to utilize an inoculum with high cell concentration and a better pH medium control to reach satisfactory results in the culture. Following this strategy was possible to achieve highest maximum specific growth cell rate (μmáx) for the CHOZMD cell of 0.24d-1 while for wild CHO-K1 cell was obtained 0.36d-1, both comparable with other works encounter in the literature. The best value obtained of cell productivity with recombinant cell was of 6,096 cel/mL·h and for wild cell was of 10,596 cel/mL·h The lager concentrations of adherents cells on microcarriers were obtained in this experiments that utilized concentrated inoculums, in the case of recombinant cell was obtained 1.39·106 cel/mL and in the case with wild cell of 1.65·106 cel/mL. For the preparation of an inoculum for a fixed bed bioreactor when prepared in spinner with Cytoline 1 microcarrier recommend: adoption of an inoculum approximate of 2.0·106 cel/mL in exponential growth phase and with rigorous control of pH medium in 7.3.
Aprendizado genético de funções de pertinência na modelagem nebulosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Pires, Matheus Giovanni
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
The success of Fuzzy Rule Based Systems is due to their ability to represent vague and uncertain knowledge and to the facility to express the system behavior in a language easily interpretable by human beings. The knowledge acquisition of a Fuzzy Rule Based System is done from a human expert, which is known as the direct approach to knowledge acquisition, or through methods that automatically extract this knowledge from numerical information that represent samples or examples of the problem. Genetic Algorithms have demonstrated to be a powerful tool to rule bases construction, rule bases optimization, membership functions generation and membership functions optimization. The main research focus of this work is the investigation of fuzzy systems automatic generation approaches applied to pattern classification problems, using genetic algorithms to the definition and tuning of fuzzy sets that belong to the fuzzy partitions of the domains involved, considering interpretability maintenance of the linguistic values. The genetic learning is employed only in the fuzzy system data base, that is, in the membership functions, either through the traditional way of tuning previously defined functions after the rule base has been defined or through the more recent approach of constructing membership functions before the rules definition. This kind of investigation requires the use of different rule generation methods, the rules being generated before or after the use of genetic algorithm. The combination Fuzzy Systems + Genetic Algorithms, known as Genetic Fuzzy Systems, has great acceptance in the scientific community, since this systems are robust and capable of finding good solutions in complex and irregular spaces.