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Sistema de gestão ambiental em estações de tratamento de esgoto. O caso da ETE Remédios (Salesópolis - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-13) Ramos, Andréia Guaracho; Cordeiro, João Sergio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
The sanitation companies have as mission the supply of services of basic sanitation, especially the water supply of good quality for the suppliment of the necessities of domestic and industrial supplying, as well as the collection, treatment and final disposal of the generated sewers, to guarantee the conditions of public health for all the population of its area of performance and to contribute for the ambient quality. These commitments, fort I appeal ambient, can be strengthened, with the implement of a System of Ambient Management and with the formularization of the Ambient Politics of the organization. The deficiency of collecting nets of sewer, added to the situation that 10% of the total sewer are only dealt with, in Brazil (IBGE, 2000), evidences the bad management of these systems, that still is aggravated to the situation of that exactly these 10% are not ambiently correct. The stations of treatment of sewer, any that is the adopted process, have industrial characteristics using raw material; input; generating waste and needing prepared human resources for the performance of its activities and that many times are not attempting against for this. Inside of this scene, the option for the adoption of a System of Ambient Management appears, that besides being a way for the preservation of the nature and the man; through the prevention of the pollution; it offers the half ones for the reduction of wastefulnesses, reduction of costs and promotion of the continuous improvement of the processes and products. The main objective of this work is; through a case study, being the applied methodology; to analyze the contributions of a System of Ambient Management in a Station of Treatment of Sewer. For this, the stages of implantation of the SGA were analyzed, where if it verifies the necessary requirements for the implantation of NBR ISO 14001. Through this analysis one concludes that the certification of conformity with NBR ISO 14001, does not guarantee the ambient quality, however, a systemize System of Ambient Management contributes for a management capable to alert and to visualize as the activities of a Station of Treatment of Sewer can exert negative interferences on the environment and become these sustainable activities ambiently.
Estudos de prevenção da corrosão de refratários utilizados em carro-torpedo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-13) Justus, Sergio Murilo; Leite, Edson Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393; Longo, Elson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4421124838615155
The high competitiveness generated by the world metallurgical scenery has been taking the Integrated Steelworks to look for an incessant way the increase of the efficiency of the refine pre-treatment processes, especially Pig Iron Hot Metal Desulfurization at Torped Car. As collateral effect, the refractory lining used in these equipment has been submitted to operational conditions more and more severe leading to an increasing the wear rate. In this sense, the Post Mortem Study of a based Al2O3/SiC/C/MgAl2O4 refractory lining (ASCM) used at CSN Torped Cars was carried out. It was concluded that a slag containing a big amount of calcium aluminum-silicate, interacts with the refractory microstructure promoting the corrosion. It was also identified a concurrent mechanism by alkaline incorporation, besides corundum to betaalumina transformation and SiC oxidation by Na2O resulting in better conditions to the graphite of protection, and consequently, improving the refractory lining campaign. In order to prevent the corrosion of the Torped Car Refractory Lining, a new technology was developed by using a Impregnation Technique of the Cerium Solution SIT/Ce, which the Cerium Solution is able to fill up partially the opened porous of the ASCM microstructure, improving the corrosion resistance and thermal-mechanical properties. The protection mechanism was identified carrying out dynamic slag test and fracture energy test, followed by microstructure characterization by using of the Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction and Mercury Porosimeter. Another New Protection Technology of Torped Car Refractory Lining was also developed based on Protecting Layer Formation - FPL. This technique consists of changing the Slag Composition, resulting in an improved wear resistance. Preliminary simulations were carried out in order to optimize the dopant concentration at the slag, followed by tests in rotative oven simulating the wettability refractory material by doped slag. As consequence the Technology of FPL was implemented at Industrial Scale resulting in an additional Protection Mechanism of CSN Torped Car Refractory Lining. By taking account the ASCM refractory lining microstructure, it was observed that main corrosion spots are located in the material fine fraction (matrix). Besides, the matrix which includes the primary bonding system, additional pores are generated to the existing ones as consequence of the resin oxidation during Torped Car heating up. Therefore, it was evaluated the effect of the Doping Bonding System in relation to the thermal and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. It was achieved an improvement of both indicating the feasibility of The Doping Technique of the Bonding System – DBS/CeO2.