Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2004-08-20"

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Experiências sobre a implementação de Balanced Scorecard em empresas no Brasil: estudos de caso.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Canevarolo, Maria Estela Antonioli Pisani
;
Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
This dissertation aims to investigate the implementation of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in two large companies that operates in Brazil. The realization of the inadequacy of traditional performance measurement systems based on Managerial Accounting that occurred from the beginning of the twenty-century due to the new external and internal operational conditions faced by the most of the companies, many performance measurement systems have been proposed. The most visible result of such revolution is the BSC applied worldwide as well as in Brazil. The BSC has evolved from a performance measurement system to a strategic management system. With relation to Brazil, it is known the growing number of companies adopting the BSC but little empirical research can be found on implementation. The adopted research method was the case study in order to capture the different perspectives on implementation, by conducting semi-structured interviews with people involved in it. Furthermore, the investigation allowed observation of concrete aspects of the implementation. The empirical findings show the implementation of third generation BSC, that is, BSC applied as strategic management system in both companies. With the BSC implementation the culture of strategic planning was implemented or strengthened in the studied companies. The information technology has played a very important role to communicate the strategy but alone it was not enough being also necessary, among other aspects, a good communication plan and the top management support. Also, it was observed that the stakeholder vision regarding performance measurement was limited. Although the BSC is a simple concept it was hard to be implemented because it required the involvement of many people who did not have the same understanding of strategy.
Um avaliador de cenários simulados para reseqüenciamento da produção em sistemas automatizados de manufatura usando lógica nebulosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Fernandes, Marcelo Climaites
;
Morandin Júnior, Orides
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
In the search for competitive advantages, companies of the manufacture industry segment have been investing in the production flexibility and processes automation, looking for assisting a variety of types of products, following a demand for products and with few manual interventions. In this context, tasks like manufacture integration and production planning and management become more complex. The search for solutions in these tasks should always take into account the desired performance of the productive system, in relation to a series of factors like the attendance of delivery dates. Among the planning tasks, the present proposal is to help the production sequencing. This sequencing can be accomplished in several ways as, for instance, using priority rules. Discrete event systems simulation can be used to test different acceptable sequences of production evaluating the conditions or scenarios. However the simulation typically takes long time, not only to run the models but also for the analysis of the obtained data. To deal with the sequencing task due to situations that happen in moments not determined, the time to analyze or define a new arrangement is a very important factor and needs to be short. This proposal presents a system using fuzzy logic, for the evaluation of data obtained from the simulation of scenarios, considering shop floor conditions, to the production sequencing, in order to take a lower time for the evaluation task.
Tutoria centrada na leitura de livros: uma alternativa para alunos com dificuldade em leitura e escrita.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Pasian, Mara Silvia
;
Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de
Nowadays, there is considerable research into the methods and teaching strategies, offered outside the regular classroom, to help children who are having difficulty learning to read and write. The results of this research indicate that few of these methods and teaching strategies result in significant and lasting effects. The method whereby the teacher offers one-to-one tutoring to the child, based on reading story books has shown positive effects regarding the development of reading and writing skills in children with learning difficulties. The aim of the present work is to investigate the impact of a one-toone, 4 days per week tutoring program, based on reading and writing stories, on the literacy skills of young children with learning difficulties. The effects were evaluated by noting the children's performance before and after the intervention, and by comparing their performance with that of children of average and above average performance in the regular classroom. This research focused on four children in the 2nd year of a public school of the city of São Carlos, who displayed lower performance in reading and writing when compared to their classmates. These 8 year-olds were chosen on the basis of teacher recommendation and scores obtained from the Diagnostic Survey developed by M. Clay. The children s scores were measured before and after the intervention. Interviews with the teachers, regarding the children's performance in the classroom, were carried out before and after the intervention. The activities employed during the tutoring program were: re-reading familiar stories, independent reading of the same story the next day, the identification of single letters or words using magnetic letters, the child making up a story with emphasis on the sounds of words, the cutting up and reassembly of a story, the introduction and reading of a new book. In the case of two of the children, the results showed a significant improvement in their reading and writing skills. After the intervention, the performance of these individuals was equal to the class average, thus enabling them to keep up with their classmates. The reading and writing skills of the other two children also showed significant improvement, though their performance remained below the class norm. These results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of reading recovery programs in improving the literacy skills of children with learning difficulties.
Níveis de ocorrência de Hg total em peixes carnívoros das represas de Barra Bonita e Bariri, em função da variação de parâmetros biológicos e da presença de selênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Moura, Mônica Accaui Marcondes
;
Ferreira, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4399379959466298
The Barra Bonita and Bariri reservoirs, Medium river Tietê, São Paulo, Brazil, are used with several purposes as transport, provisioning, electric power generation, professional fishery and leisure. The region is surrounded by an industrial developed pole, receiving sewer of domestic and industrial origin, as well as the effluents of agricultural activities. Not only the pollution for organic pollutants, but also for the inorganic ones, among them heavy metals, are getting the civil society and the scientific community attention, because they mean a hopeless loss of the natural resources. Among heavy metals, mercury is considered one of the more toxics, causing neurological, reproductive and teratogenic disturbances. Before this panorama and because it was certain the mercury presence in these aquatic ecosystems, the present work had as objective quantifies the tenor of Hg in fish, water and sediment. For that, two carnivorous fish species were analyzed Hoplias malabaricus and Serrasalmus spilopleura for a period of one year. Along two years, water and bottom sediment were collected in four different times, in an attempt of determining the seasonal variation. Limnologic parameters and selenium concentration were quantified in an attempt of determining their influence on Hg availability. The medium levels of Hg found in the fish were below the established limit for the human consumption (0.5 mg Hg.Kg-1), however, it was above that established for the conservation of the aquatic life (0.01 mg Hg.kg-1), and they can represent a risk, due to the bioaccumulation. It was not possible to establish a correlation among Hg and Se present in both fish species. The values of Hg and Se in the water stayed below the detection limit of the method (2.0 ng Hg.L-1 and 5.0 ng Se.L-1). In relation to the sediment, although, only in some points of the two reservoirs Hg has state above the allowed limit (1.0 mg Hg.kg-1), the fact should be analyzed with caution, once the sediment is accumulative and potential source of pollutants. In this way, public politics seeking the permanent water quality monitoring, as well as the prohibition of antropic pollutant activities, are essential for balance and sustainability maintenance of Barra Bonita and Bariri reservoirs.
Desenvolvimento de processo de inoculação com microcarregador Cytoline 1 visando o cultivo de célula CHO-K1 em biorreator de leito fixo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Querino, Marcelo Vargas
;
Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2775887824019811
The use of the technology of animal cell culture for the expression of recombinant proteins has been gaining major interest within biotechnology due the obtation of recent efficient medicaments in the chronic diseases. In this work was utilized the recombinant lineage CHO-K1, denominate CHOZMD, anchorage-dependent. It is capable of expressing a disintegrin with antimetastics properties. Knowing the precedent of well performance of fixed bed bioreactors with utilization of microcarriers in large scale animals cells cultures. It was fixed as purpose of this work the definition of a method to prepare of inoculum to this bioreactor utilizing Cytoline 1 commercial macroporous microcarrier in spinner flask. The cultures realized in spinner flasks of 500 mL with Cytoline 1 microcarriers with DMEM medium in range of pH in 7.0 to 7.4. It showed that the electrostatic incompatibility between the cell and the microcarrier matrix composed of polyethylene and silica was responsible by decreased adhesion cell and, consequently, by intense cell death for firsts hours of experiments. In function this was necessary to utilize an inoculum with high cell concentration and a better pH medium control to reach satisfactory results in the culture. Following this strategy was possible to achieve highest maximum specific growth cell rate (μmáx) for the CHOZMD cell of 0.24d-1 while for wild CHO-K1 cell was obtained 0.36d-1, both comparable with other works encounter in the literature. The best value obtained of cell productivity with recombinant cell was of 6,096 cel/mL·h and for wild cell was of 10,596 cel/mL·h The lager concentrations of adherents cells on microcarriers were obtained in this experiments that utilized concentrated inoculums, in the case of recombinant cell was obtained 1.39·106 cel/mL and in the case with wild cell of 1.65·106 cel/mL. For the preparation of an inoculum for a fixed bed bioreactor when prepared in spinner with Cytoline 1 microcarrier recommend: adoption of an inoculum approximate of 2.0·106 cel/mL in exponential growth phase and with rigorous control of pH medium in 7.3.
Aprendizado genético de funções de pertinência na modelagem nebulosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-20)
Pires, Matheus Giovanni
;
Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
The success of Fuzzy Rule Based Systems is due to their ability to represent vague and uncertain knowledge and to the facility to express the system behavior in a language easily interpretable by human beings. The knowledge acquisition of a Fuzzy Rule Based System is done from a human expert, which is known as the direct approach to knowledge acquisition, or through methods that automatically extract this knowledge from numerical information that represent samples or examples of the problem. Genetic Algorithms have demonstrated to be a powerful tool to rule bases construction, rule bases optimization, membership functions generation and membership functions optimization. The main research focus of this work is the investigation of fuzzy systems automatic generation approaches applied to pattern classification problems, using genetic algorithms to the definition and tuning of fuzzy sets that belong to the fuzzy partitions of the domains involved, considering interpretability maintenance of the linguistic values. The genetic learning is employed only in the fuzzy system data base, that is, in the membership functions, either through the traditional way of tuning previously defined functions after the rule base has been defined or through the more recent approach of constructing membership functions before the rules definition. This kind of investigation requires the use of different rule generation methods, the rules being generated before or after the use of genetic algorithm. The combination Fuzzy Systems + Genetic Algorithms, known as Genetic Fuzzy Systems, has great acceptance in the scientific community, since this systems are robust and capable of finding good solutions in complex and irregular spaces.
Ambiente para especificação de aplicações multimídia com suporte de qualidade de serviço
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-23)
Thereza, Wesley Barbosa
;
Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5509610744649925
This work describes an environment for specification of distributed multimedia applications with demanded Quality of Service (QoS) detailing. The description of the application is made in a hierarchic way, in the user, application and resource level, adding the demanded QoS parameters and the adaptation rules to be applied for the Quality of Service monitoring/ (re)negotiation. These rules and QoS parameters will be responsible for the activation of the system adaptation to guarantee its execution in compliance with the Quality of Service negotiated in the specification. After the specification phase of the distributed multimedia system, the environment generates the documentation in a specification language of system with QoS detailing and its adaptation/ (re)negotiation forms. This documentation feeds NIST Net emulator, allowing that the results can be analyzed by the verification of the multimedia system behavior and the emulated system.
Framework para implementação de serviços transmissores de vídeos voltados a PCS e dispositivos móveis, perceptivo à mudança contextual de localização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-23)
Jardim, Fernando de Moraes
;
Trevelin, Luis Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
With the progress of the technology in data transmission area and the fact of computers be present more and more in several equipments, like PDAs (Personal Digital Systems), mobile telephones, cars, refrigerators, etc, it becomes necessary to establish a standart communication protocol among these several computers. The work presented in this monograph has as objective to define a necessary infrastructure to implementations of videos transmission services for mobile devices (PDAs and mobile telephones) with transparent change of location context. This context change represents the change of physical atmosphere of the proposed system user. The idea is that the user continues to watch a video (in a mobile device) when he leaves the place where he was watching it. A framework was modeled and implemented to detect change of physical atmosphere destined to videos transmission services directed to mobile devices. High degree of mobility and transparency is characteristic of Ubiquitous Computation (Computation new moment - Weiser). For a theoretical basement was carried through a research on the concepts related with Ubiquitous Computation, mobile devices and video transmissions. This work was developed in the Network and Distributed Systems Laboratory of São Carlos Federal University - UFSCar.
Estudos eletroquímicos das ligas biocompatíveis Ti-50Zr (at.%) e Ti-13Nb-13Zr (m/m)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-23)
Oliveira, Nilson Tadeu Camarinho de
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Biaggio, Sonia Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
Studies on the anodic growth of the oxides that passivate the biocompatible alloys Ti-50Zr (at.%) and Ti-13Nb-13Zr (m/m), on the electrochemical/electrical parameters and the morphology, composition and structure of these oxides were carried out in this work. The oxides were grown by both the potentiodynamic and the galvanostatic routes, in different electrolytes at room temperature; their electrochemical stability was investigated in electrolytes that simulate the physiological medium. Based on the analyses carried out, it was concluded that the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy presented better protection against corrosion than the Ti-50Zr alloy and that the heat treatment of the alloy did not significantly influence the analysed electrochemical parameters. It was also shown that the pre-passivation of these metals in an inert electrolyte confers the oxides greater stability when exposed to chloride-containing media. The studies by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the oxide films of both alloys present an electrical response of the R(RQ) type and that the resistance of the anodic oxide films increases with their thickness. Finally, based on results obtained by photocurrent spectroscopy (PCS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), it was verified that the anodic oxides grown on the alloys are formed by oxides of all the alloying elements, but with an enrichment in Ti in the oxide external layers.
Atividades de inspeção no contexto de métodos ágeis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-24)
Toma, Karina Mitiko
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8708755398625625
Software inspection activities have became an important alternative to evaluate software artifacts in order to reach more quality in the development process. To support such activities, generally, reading techniques as OORTs/ProDeS are used, which is a set of techniques for the Object Oriented paradigm. These techniques are applied in a specific development process that uses UML notation, named ProDeS/UML. This process contemplates a gradual development, which facilitates artifacts evaluation as they are generated as well as its evolution. However, this process is directed to a traditional development, where information must be well documented that demands elaboration of different types of artifacts. Taking into account the most recent approach of Agile Methods, the first objective of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of these methods and to make the ProDeS/UML process more practical, in relation to the quantity of generated documentation. This task was realized based on the artifacts used by the main agile methods or other initiatives found in literature that use them jointly with other more traditional approaches. Once established the ProDeS/UML|pr process, the second objective was to verify which reading techniques of the OORTs/ProDeS set remained feasible to apply in this practical process and to elaborate laboratory packages that allow validating this set through experimental studies. Finally, the third objective, derived from the study of these methods, was to explore inspection activities for XP (Extreme Programming) that is considered in practice the most used agile method. An inspection strategy composed of a reading technique set that considers the requirements elicitation activities of XP was established. This strategy can be applied daily, with agility, according to the objectives of this method. Thus, the results of this work are the ProDeS/UML|pr process, the laboratory packages of the reading techniques that support inspection activities for this process and an inspection strategy for XP. In the scope of this work the laboratory package of one of the reading techniques for the ProDeS/UML|pr was evaluated through a feasibility study that was assessed by a group of students. According to this study the lab package seemed appropriate for controlled empirical studies
Influência dos parâmetros de Processamento e da composição na morfologia de resinas ABS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-24)
Porcel, Fernanda da Silva
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
The present work is about the influence of processing parameter and composition on the morphology of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)resins. The ABS grades chosen are commercial products with high rubber content, i. e., above 40 wt%. A styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) was blended to ABS parental compositions by melt extrusion in order to dilute the overall rubber contents, practice also used at the industry. The pure ABS in powder were processed in three different ways: compression, extrusion and injection molding. In each process there were variation of molding condition, and its influence on morphology formation were studied by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Blends of SAN content 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30 and even 50 wt% of SAN had their morphologies investigated. Besides that, the polymeric components of the blends were chemically, rheologically and thermo-mechanically characterized. The analysis showed how the grafting grade and the amount of free SAN on ABS can be critical on the rheological characteristics of these materials. The pure ABS morphology showed agglomerated rubber particles, big enough to become the system matrix phase. Changes on the processing parameters alter the morphology only on the disperse phase domains size and distribution. The SEM morphology analysis of injection molded samples showed enhanced rubbery phase particles agglomeration at the border regions of the specimen. Adding up to 30 wt% of SAN in ABS wasn t enough to promote phase inversion, yielding a SAN rich phase as the system matrix. This result suggests that the added SAN wasn t miscible into the ABS free SAN.
Proposta de um procedimento de programação on-line da produção de sistemas flexíveis de manufatura baseado em lógica fuzzy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-25)
Domingos, Jean Carlos
;
Politano, Paulo Rogério
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9300055198348540
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9985076462998501
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) have been designed to meet market requirements that demand products that are quality and ready to deliver. In order to meet the market requirements, the methodologies used in the FMS scheduling must consider a highly dynamic environment, where it is often necessary to meet or to react to uncertain demands and to get better use of its resources. An on-line scheduling procedure based on fuzzy logic is proposed in this work, whose main characteristic is shop floor tasks scheduling using fuzzy rules building with the support of an expert to meet several measures of performance. A simulation study was carried out with the objective to verify the applicability of the proposed approach, using a simulation tool integrated with the on-line scheduling procedure based on fuzzy logic.
Estrutura genética das populações de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) do Brasil determinada por meio de polimorfismos do DNA mitocondrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-25)
Collet, Thaís
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3345994967493962
The Apis mellifera subspecies are classified into evolutionary branches originally distributed in the African (branches A and Y), European (branches C and M) and Asian (branch O) continents. This distribution has been changing due to the subspecies introductions to other countries, mainly occurred by beekeeping activities. Therefore, population genetics studies on the already established and newly introduced populations have increased. The introduction of the African honeybee in American continent, known as Africanization, became one of the most studied events related to Apis mellifera introductions. The characterization of different lineages that contribute to hybrid populations is the first approach of the studies related to subspecies introductions. In this way, we describe the restriction patterns obtained from a 16S region fragment of the mitochondrial DNA. These patterns enables the differentiation among races from the three evolutionary branches using only one region of the mitochondrial genome, without the requirement of amplification of other regions. The determination of the racial composition of the hybrid product of Africanization in America led to the development of diverse tools suitable for it, including mtDNA analysis. We present here the results obtained with the polymorphism produced by Dra I endonuclease in a fragment of the tRNAleu_COII intergenic region. These results contribute to the understanding of the genetic structure of Africanized populations from Brazil. From 11 mitotypes observed, three have not been described in previous analysis and present similar patterns to some found at Iberian Peninsula. The most frequent patterns were the African A1 and A4, probably introduced in Brazil by Apis mellifera scutellata in 1956. Although the patterns analyzed in this work are more informative than the ones used until now in Africanized populations, the distribution of A1 pattern evidences the importance of using other mitochondrial regions to identify its origin. Working with these regions and other markers, it will be possible to clarify the genetic structure of Africanized honeybees of the Americas.
Impacto de um programa de ensino para cuidadoras em creche: música como condição facilitadora de condutas humanas ao lidar com bebês.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-26)
Darezzo, Margareth
;
Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia
The objective of this study was to verify the extent to which musical resources could impact favorably on the behavior of adults who care for children aged 0 to 3 years in crèches or school, when they are away from their mothers. There are many opportunities to ascertain the importance for the child - whether or not he reveals signs of requiring special needs or has special needs already identified - be exposed to an appropriately stimulating environment, compatible with his particular needs and possibilities. All too often, professionals responsible for the care of children in crèches work with scant information on child development, in environments prejudicial to the vast majority of children being cared for, low wages, and possessing a rather poor level of education. Using a multiple base line, two carers in two units of a kindergarten school in a city in the interior of São Paulo were exposed to three stages of a teaching program designed to prepare them to interact with babies with the help of songs; by filming bath time situations handled by these carers, it was possible to evaluate the impact of each one of the stages of intervention on aspects of the performance of these professionals, significant in the promotion of an adequate child development, in accordance with available knowledge. Information was collected relating to the performance of the carers, the data of which manifests: the low frequency of favored conduct, changes in patterns of behavior related to the signaling of manipulations and of conditions for the babies learning about their own body, with a reduction in the frequency of these behaviors as the study proceeded (low level of maintenance of these behaviors). Also observed, was an increase in the use of songs taught in the course of the program which fostered rewarding interaction between babies and the carers, relating to opportunities for the baby to develop adequately, in the case of Carer 1, and the increase in the frequency of behaviors considered, even when songs had been used, for Carer 2.
Uma abordagem para construção e reutilização de componentes de software com implementação em Delphi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-26)
Moraes, João Luis Cardoso de
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
This project searches a boarding for construction and reuse of software components with implementation in Delphi. More and more computational resources are used in the solution of problems, aiming to automatize them, to reduce costs and increase the efficiency, performance, and security. To take care of this demand of more trustworthy softwares systems, more efficient and with lesser costs, new methods have been searched, being distinguished, currently, the Component-Based Development (CBD). The research studies different methods, available techniques and tools in literature as: CBD, Design Patterns, Software Components, Model Language (MDL), and ObjectPascal Language (Delphi), as control for the boarding. The mechanism utilized are: MVCASE tool, Draco-PUC Transformation System (TS), Software Engineer, and Delphi (RAD). This integrated mechanisms orient the Software Engineer on the Construct and on the Components Reuse for aplication development, and MVCASE tool automatize the tasks for components construct and reuse. The boarding is divided in two stages: Construct Components and Reuse Components. In a first stage, the software engineer initial from the problem domain knowledge and produces a models components of the domain, implemented in a language orientedcomponents, in the case the Delphi. As soon as they are instaled, the components are keep in the repository for reuse. In a subsequent stage the software engineer will find the components about the problem domain, that are imported from MVCASE tool repository, where they are show in tool browser. After the components are identified the applications are developed that reuse the framework components constructed. The components may be implemented in language components oriented like, C++, Java, and ObejctPascal (Delphi). In this project we are using the ObjectPascal language for the components implementation.
Desenvolvimento de um novo fundente para substituir o feldspato em composições de grês porcelanato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-27)
Gibertoni, Claudia
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Paulin Filho, Pedro Íris
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9542027656569433
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
Amongst the various types of ceramic tiles, the porcelainized stoneware tile stands out due to its technical properties (low water absorption, high mechanical strength and high abrasion, chemical attack and frost resistance). In this work, five compositions prepared by mixing ball clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz and talc (a typical porcelainized stoneware tile composition, as found in the literature, and three new compositions) were studied, to observe the effect on the phase formation and final characteristics, of partial and total replacement of the feldspar by a lab-made vitreous phase former (flux agent). Samples were characterized in terms of physical properties (firing shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength). The results obtained show that a typical porcelainized stoneware product can be made by replacing the feldspar by the alternative flux agent: partial replacement led to rather satisfying results in terms of apparent porosity, water absorption and mechanical strength; total replacement led to low apparent porosity and water absorption, and high flexural strength. These are very promising results, as they mean a 50 ºC reduction in the firing temperature (relative to the average 1200 ºC, commonly used in industrial practice), which translates into reduced energy consumption. Furthermore, a costly raw material the feldspar could be replaced by a lab-made inert vitreous phase former, with no sacrifice to the processing or the physical and aesthetical properties of the final product.
A formação cultural e os temas transversais: um estudo de caso a partir da teoria crítica da sociedade.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-29)
Silva, Osvaldo Rocha da
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Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
The National Curricular Parameters were set to guide the education policies of States and Municipal districts and to subsidize the elaboration of the pedagogic proposals of the schools. Aiming that educational institutions form their students for the exercise of the citizenship, the parameters suggest the introduction of work within the social scope so that, when they are approached, they can develop in the students both learning and reflection. Treatment of social subjects would start by their inclusion and complexity of work under transverse themes. This orientation, adopted in the fundamental and medium levels, both in public and private sector schools, is incorporated to the pedagogic proposals of the institutions and starts to address the teachers practice, so that they convert efforts to guarantee the formation for the exercise of citizenship. It was intended in this work to research if in the fundamental teaching of first cycle of a private institution the transverse themes reached the objective of propitiating better cultural formation to the student. In that perspective it was investigated, through a case study developed close to a private school in Piracicaba-SP, how the transverse themes were approached and how much they had contributed for the improvement of students formation. Data analyzed starting from the reflections of Theodor W. Adorno about semi-formation, cultural industry and education, revealed that in the guidelines that oriented the work with the transverse themes, obstacles for the effectiveness of an education aimed at guaranteeing to the individuals, conditions for the development of the critical thought were found. Therefore, besides the efforts of teachers of the researched school in developing pedagogic practice countersigned in the tranverse themes to contribute for the formative process of their students, such efforts resulted exactly the contrary: they corroborated the semi-formation process. This work is intended to contribute to the educators reflection that, pursuing such training, will enable them to form their students, becoming spread vehicles exactly of what they should oppose: an impoverished formation.
Degradação da resistência à corrosão de aços inoxidáveis duplex, devido ao envelhecimento em baixas temperaturas por tempos prolongados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-30)
Moreno, João Roberto Sartori
;
Kuri, Sebastião Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
Although duplex stainless steels exhibit good performance in many severe corrosive environments, their corrosion resistance can be hampered by precipitation of chromium (Cr) rich phases during aging heat treatments. Microstructural changes and corrosion behavior in two alloys with high and low content of chromium were investigated. Duplex stainless steels samples were aged at low temperatures (300°C and 400°C) for 3000, 5000 and 7000 hours. The changes at the microstructure were followed during the annealing time using an optical microscopy and measurements of phase percentages. Nanohardness was used in order to identify the phase responsible for the increasing in the global hardness. Immersion tests in ferric chloride cloreto férrico (FeCl3.6H2O 10%) and surface analysis by XPS were conducted intending to quantify the depletion in the corrosion resistance and identify the oxides presented in the surface oxide layer. G phase precipitation and α phase due to spinodal decomposition was identified by transmission electron microscopy. It was detected that the micro-structural changes affect the global properties, remarkably the global hardness and the corrosion resistance. TEM results showed that the Cr rich precipitation occurs manly in the ferritic phase. Spinodal decomposition and heterogeneous precipitation of G phase were found to be responsible for degradations of the corrosion properties. The results also showed a difference between the kinetics of precipitation of the lower Cr content sample and the higher Cr sample. The phenomena of precipitation and coalescence of Cr rich phases must be related with the increasing and decreasing tendencies of hardness, respectively and, inversely, the decreasing and increasing tendency of the resistance to localized corrosion and corrosion rates, which were determined by two electrochemical techniques (Tafel extrapolation and polarization resistance methods) and were compared with the rates determined by weight-loss measurements.
Rotina para aplicação da tecnologia de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas SIG voltada à utilização em Sistemas de Defesa Civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-30)
Zündt, Carlos Roberto Xavier
;
Röhm, Sergio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
Brazilian cities concentrate 82% of population. Out of this total, 5% live in subnormal habitations and subhuman conditions. A common feature to this kind of habitation is the irregular occupation of both public and private areas, normally concentrated in valleys, slopes, hills, clandestine lots, among others, jeopardizing the environment and causing risks of life for the inhabitants themselves and others as well. Consequently this causes a decrease in the quality of the urban life and specially a burden to the Government as to the budget for basic amenities. This study analyses the specific application of the Sistemas de Informações Geográficas SIG technology, directed to the utilization in the Sistema de Defesa Civil, in order to offer a tool for planning that enhances the method of identification, monitoring and contingency of critical event situations, being applicable in several physical means and conditions in episodes of the Defesa Civil . On a parallel, practicable and applicable information can be obtained in the area of SIG operation, through a routine consultation.
Análise funcional como instrumento de inclusão no ensino de língua estrangeira.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-30)
Sousa, Frances Diana Tornabene de
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
The objective of this study was to implement and evaluate the effects of a workshop for English language teachers in how to plan teaching strategies based on a functional analysis of the student s performance. An underlying supposition was that teaching centered on student needs could result in academic and social inclusion for students as a by product of learning achievement. The workshop was taught in two modules, the first to supply a conceptual base on learning differences and special educational needs and the second to supply a conceptual base and teach functional analysis skills. The researcher made a functional analysis of the data from observation of classes taught by participants before the workshop. The analysis focused on the repeated errors made by students, the conditions which may have produced their occurrence and possible alternatives to change these conditions. In some cases, changes were implemented and their effect was successful in students overcoming errors. Participants were seven teachers in a private English language school. Two instruments to evaluate sense of efficacy as a teacher (TES) and sense of responsibility for student achievement (RSA), were applied before and after the second workshop module. Interviews with the teachers were conducted one year after the conclusion of the workshop. The results of the standard instruments showed that teachers presented intermediate or elevated levels of sense of teacher efficacy and responsibility for student achievement at the beginning of the study, most probably due to the established standards and constant supervision of their teaching. Significant change was not observed in the final scores at the end of the workshop. In accordance with the interviews, two participants related improvement in performance for students who presented learning difficulties, as a result of using new teaching strategies based on a functional analysis of student performance. The limitations of the workshop are discussed, particularly in terms of its brief duration and the necessity for a longer period for teaching practice, to maximize the effects on teacher practice. The necessity for evaluation instruments which focus more directly on the skills targeted by the training were also discussed.