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Desenvolvimento de um novo fundente para substituir o feldspato em composições de grês porcelanato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-27)
Gibertoni, Claudia
;
Paulin Filho, Pedro Íris
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9542027656569433
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
Amongst the various types of ceramic tiles, the porcelainized stoneware tile stands out due to its technical properties (low water absorption, high mechanical strength and high abrasion, chemical attack and frost resistance). In this work, five compositions prepared by mixing ball clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz and talc (a typical porcelainized stoneware tile composition, as found in the literature, and three new compositions) were studied, to observe the effect on the phase formation and final characteristics, of partial and total replacement of the feldspar by a lab-made vitreous phase former (flux agent). Samples were characterized in terms of physical properties (firing shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength). The results obtained show that a typical porcelainized stoneware product can be made by replacing the feldspar by the alternative flux agent: partial replacement led to rather satisfying results in terms of apparent porosity, water absorption and mechanical strength; total replacement led to low apparent porosity and water absorption, and high flexural strength. These are very promising results, as they mean a 50 ºC reduction in the firing temperature (relative to the average 1200 ºC, commonly used in industrial practice), which translates into reduced energy consumption. Furthermore, a costly raw material the feldspar could be replaced by a lab-made inert vitreous phase former, with no sacrifice to the processing or the physical and aesthetical properties of the final product.
A formação cultural e os temas transversais: um estudo de caso a partir da teoria crítica da sociedade.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-29)
Silva, Osvaldo Rocha da
;
Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
The National Curricular Parameters were set to guide the education policies of States and Municipal districts and to subsidize the elaboration of the pedagogic proposals of the schools. Aiming that educational institutions form their students for the exercise of the citizenship, the parameters suggest the introduction of work within the social scope so that, when they are approached, they can develop in the students both learning and reflection. Treatment of social subjects would start by their inclusion and complexity of work under transverse themes. This orientation, adopted in the fundamental and medium levels, both in public and private sector schools, is incorporated to the pedagogic proposals of the institutions and starts to address the teachers practice, so that they convert efforts to guarantee the formation for the exercise of citizenship. It was intended in this work to research if in the fundamental teaching of first cycle of a private institution the transverse themes reached the objective of propitiating better cultural formation to the student. In that perspective it was investigated, through a case study developed close to a private school in Piracicaba-SP, how the transverse themes were approached and how much they had contributed for the improvement of students formation. Data analyzed starting from the reflections of Theodor W. Adorno about semi-formation, cultural industry and education, revealed that in the guidelines that oriented the work with the transverse themes, obstacles for the effectiveness of an education aimed at guaranteeing to the individuals, conditions for the development of the critical thought were found. Therefore, besides the efforts of teachers of the researched school in developing pedagogic practice countersigned in the tranverse themes to contribute for the formative process of their students, such efforts resulted exactly the contrary: they corroborated the semi-formation process. This work is intended to contribute to the educators reflection that, pursuing such training, will enable them to form their students, becoming spread vehicles exactly of what they should oppose: an impoverished formation.
Degradação da resistência à corrosão de aços inoxidáveis duplex, devido ao envelhecimento em baixas temperaturas por tempos prolongados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-30)
Moreno, João Roberto Sartori
;
Kuri, Sebastião Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6842072916153866
Although duplex stainless steels exhibit good performance in many severe corrosive environments, their corrosion resistance can be hampered by precipitation of chromium (Cr) rich phases during aging heat treatments. Microstructural changes and corrosion behavior in two alloys with high and low content of chromium were investigated. Duplex stainless steels samples were aged at low temperatures (300°C and 400°C) for 3000, 5000 and 7000 hours. The changes at the microstructure were followed during the annealing time using an optical microscopy and measurements of phase percentages. Nanohardness was used in order to identify the phase responsible for the increasing in the global hardness. Immersion tests in ferric chloride cloreto férrico (FeCl3.6H2O 10%) and surface analysis by XPS were conducted intending to quantify the depletion in the corrosion resistance and identify the oxides presented in the surface oxide layer. G phase precipitation and α phase due to spinodal decomposition was identified by transmission electron microscopy. It was detected that the micro-structural changes affect the global properties, remarkably the global hardness and the corrosion resistance. TEM results showed that the Cr rich precipitation occurs manly in the ferritic phase. Spinodal decomposition and heterogeneous precipitation of G phase were found to be responsible for degradations of the corrosion properties. The results also showed a difference between the kinetics of precipitation of the lower Cr content sample and the higher Cr sample. The phenomena of precipitation and coalescence of Cr rich phases must be related with the increasing and decreasing tendencies of hardness, respectively and, inversely, the decreasing and increasing tendency of the resistance to localized corrosion and corrosion rates, which were determined by two electrochemical techniques (Tafel extrapolation and polarization resistance methods) and were compared with the rates determined by weight-loss measurements.
Rotina para aplicação da tecnologia de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas SIG voltada à utilização em Sistemas de Defesa Civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-30)
Zündt, Carlos Roberto Xavier
;
Röhm, Sergio Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
Brazilian cities concentrate 82% of population. Out of this total, 5% live in subnormal habitations and subhuman conditions. A common feature to this kind of habitation is the irregular occupation of both public and private areas, normally concentrated in valleys, slopes, hills, clandestine lots, among others, jeopardizing the environment and causing risks of life for the inhabitants themselves and others as well. Consequently this causes a decrease in the quality of the urban life and specially a burden to the Government as to the budget for basic amenities. This study analyses the specific application of the Sistemas de Informações Geográficas SIG technology, directed to the utilization in the Sistema de Defesa Civil, in order to offer a tool for planning that enhances the method of identification, monitoring and contingency of critical event situations, being applicable in several physical means and conditions in episodes of the Defesa Civil . On a parallel, practicable and applicable information can be obtained in the area of SIG operation, through a routine consultation.
Análise funcional como instrumento de inclusão no ensino de língua estrangeira.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-30)
Sousa, Frances Diana Tornabene de
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
The objective of this study was to implement and evaluate the effects of a workshop for English language teachers in how to plan teaching strategies based on a functional analysis of the student s performance. An underlying supposition was that teaching centered on student needs could result in academic and social inclusion for students as a by product of learning achievement. The workshop was taught in two modules, the first to supply a conceptual base on learning differences and special educational needs and the second to supply a conceptual base and teach functional analysis skills. The researcher made a functional analysis of the data from observation of classes taught by participants before the workshop. The analysis focused on the repeated errors made by students, the conditions which may have produced their occurrence and possible alternatives to change these conditions. In some cases, changes were implemented and their effect was successful in students overcoming errors. Participants were seven teachers in a private English language school. Two instruments to evaluate sense of efficacy as a teacher (TES) and sense of responsibility for student achievement (RSA), were applied before and after the second workshop module. Interviews with the teachers were conducted one year after the conclusion of the workshop. The results of the standard instruments showed that teachers presented intermediate or elevated levels of sense of teacher efficacy and responsibility for student achievement at the beginning of the study, most probably due to the established standards and constant supervision of their teaching. Significant change was not observed in the final scores at the end of the workshop. In accordance with the interviews, two participants related improvement in performance for students who presented learning difficulties, as a result of using new teaching strategies based on a functional analysis of student performance. The limitations of the workshop are discussed, particularly in terms of its brief duration and the necessity for a longer period for teaching practice, to maximize the effects on teacher practice. The necessity for evaluation instruments which focus more directly on the skills targeted by the training were also discussed.
Envolvimento de cuidadores no programa educacional de pessoas com autismo e deficiências severas: o que é e como medí-lo?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-30)
Assunção, Karine Ribeiro de
;
Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
The involvement of the family in the special education of handicapped individuals has been raising of researchers who try to identify involvement behaviors and elaborate specific strategies to each family, in order to help them in dealing with the different aspects of the child s life. Researches indicate that parents participation is stile limitaded and passive. Literature affirms that the involvement is articulated with multiple factors, which are found in the family, school and social enviroment. The few studies consider parents involvement in a educational program of young people with special needs, principly when they have severe limitations. The present study has as its objective to elaborate tools of evaluation of parents involvement in the educational program of individuals with special needs and identify the involvement of one of the parents of autistas and severe handicapped individuals and correlate with aquisition habilities in the basic activities of the students. We also tried to look for the answer if the number weekly attending offered by the school influenced parents involvement. Participated in this study thirty eight careers, whose students attend school for individuals with special needs, in Ribeirão Preto. This evaluation was based in specific literature data and also writer teachers and parents. It was also used a tool of the school for assessment of the aquisition of habilities in basic activities. Statistic analysis through Pearson s correlation indicate that there isn t correlation between students performance in basic habilities aplicatade and involvement in educational process, although there as a high positive correlation between the performance of the students between asnwer by careers and teachers. Important mention that the gain for students in basic habilities were little.
Exclusão com estímulos visuais e múltiplas relações de condicionalidade na linha de base.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-30)
Oshiro, Claudia Kami Bastos
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
This study investigated responding by exclusion , which has been demonstrated as a robust behavioral process, consisting in the selection of an undefined comparison stimulus, when the sample is also an undefined stimulus (that is, both stimuli are new in the experimental setting), without any previous history that could establish the comparison as a discriminative stimulus for the selection response. Exclusion has been extensively replicated with an experimental preparation of conditional auditory-visual discriminations in which the participant learns to relate a single sample to a single comparison. Recent research has also demonstrated the occurrence of exclusion when participants learn to relate a single name to different pictures and many names to single picture. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exclusion would occur with visual stimuli used both as sample and comparison stimuli, without a spoken word as a nodal stimulus. Three experiments were conducted using the same experimental arrangements used in previous studies, to establish the visualvisual conditional discriminations baseline for the exclusion probes: each sample related to many comparisons (Experiment I), many samples related to each comparison (Experiment II) and a combination of both arrangements (Experiment III). In each experiment, children aged 4 to 5 years were exposed to the following experimental sequence: 1) establishment of a baseline of conditional discriminations with visual stimuli; 2) exclusion probes; 3) teaching new baseline relations; 4) additional exclusion probes; 5) probes of equivalence class formation. All children learned the conditional discriminations and showed positive results on exclusion probes and equivalence probes. The regularity observed in the data supports the conclusion that responding by exclusion occurs under a baseline of conditional discriminations including only visual stimuli, both with one-to-one pairings and many-to-one (or one-to-many) pairings. These data confirm and extend previous findings and have important implications for the comprehension of relational learning, the emergence of new behavior and the symbolic function and its role in language acquisition.
Avaliação da experiência do orçamento participativo numa cidade média: o caso de Jaboticabal - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-30)
Viglio, José Eduardo
;
Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
The strength of the county power since 1988 made possible a greater autonomy by the counties in local range. Parallely in some counties came out mechanism of institutional inovation which aim the common citizen to take part into the decisions around the municipal budget. These expiriences denominated Participatory Budget (PB) are developed nowadays in more than hundred brazilian counties. This assignment aimed to describe and interpretate the mainly characteristics from Participatory Budget developed in the county of Jaboticabal from 1999 2002; topics related to Coordination, the framework and dynamic of the Participatory instaces and the relation of this process to the municipal budget. This assignment also proposes to understand the factors related to the PB conclusion from 2003, based on variable explanation present on the literature. To fulfill the proposal of this assignment, surveys were made with the coordination rep and other members from the admnistrative area, collection and documentation analises. The results proved that the PB Coordination was directly tied to Admnistration and not to an organism associated to a Participatory process and despite of occupying a strategical position in the administration and develop several procedures, the coordination was not successful in inserting the PB in the core of Political Admnistration. Regarding the format and dynamic of the Participatory Instance, it was noticed a simplification comparing to others expiriences, leading to a reduction in numbers of Participatory Instances and Rep´s which made difficult the process function. In the county PB was deliberated a restrict part of the total investiment, uncharacterizing and illegitimating these instances as they were the chiefly decision making location. The use of variable present on the literature with explination capacity for the process performance, allowed a better comprehension over the PB conclusions from 2003
Desenvolvimento de um sistema de aquisição de informações volumétricas usando métodos de triangulação a laser e campo de visão variável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-31)
França, João Guilherme Darezzo Martins de
;
Saito, José Hiroki
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
The most efficient 3D acquisition systems use the principle of laser triangulation or the principle of time of flight TOF. In the systems based on triangulation, the range and the depth variation are very limited, but it has a great precision. On the other hand the opposite occurs to the TOF systems where it has a low precision, and a great range and depth variation. This work describes a project of a 3D acquisition system, with greater precision and range than traditional laser triangulation 3D scanners, and it s as versatile as TOF systems. An initial prototype of this system had been implemented.
Transporte de vapor de água e sorção de CO2 em filmes de polisulfona: efeito das variáveis de processamento e envelhecimento físico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-31)
Ouriques, Hellen Rose Catão
;
Ruvolo Filho, Adhemar Colla
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7511722134943618
Water vapor transport properties and CO2 sorption were studied for bisphenol A Polysulfone films, PSF, prepared with different thickness via solvent casting and a compression molding. From the measurements of water vapor transport for Polysulfone films with different thickness and methodologies of processing; solvent casting controlling the cooling and the evaporation rates and compression molding, it was possible to identify the Polysulfone films may be constituted of different phases and shows distinct permeability values. In addition, this model made possible the characterization and quantification of the existence of an area corresponding to the fraction of frozen holes, and from the correlation of this area with permeability, was possible to propose a graphical representation that shows the existence of a limit area of frozen holes corresponding to 0,042 cm2. This area was interpreted as the limiting value; below it is possible obtain Polysulfone film with permeability magnitudes values of (1,56±0,30)X10-13 g.mmHg-1.cm-1.s-1, independently of the type of processing used, and the correspondent transport mechanism predominantly followed Henry s Law. Otherwise, above the limit area value of frozen holes the Polysulfone films showed selective characteristics. The CO2 sorption results were analyzed based on the interpretation of the observations produced by a two level factorial design, 23, performed to evaluate in two levels three factors of thermal treatment used to accelerated physical ageing of Polysulfone films. The interpretation of these results were done by a cubic geometric representation of the factors, and corroborated with the results obtained for the water transport indicating that Polysulfone films, independently of the chemical nature of the penetrant used, there was a tendency of CO2 condensation or water clustering formation, by hydrogen bonding. This phenomena was observed in both cases since without changing the original polymer film s morphology obtained by different processes. The global analysis of the obtained results for both penetrants leads to the same conclusions. However, considering the chains rigidity and the high glass transition temperature of the Polysulfone, the water vapor permeability and sorption of CO2 on the amorphous glassy state have strong dependence with the area of frozen holes.
Análise molecular e validação de raças primitivas de pupunha (Bactris gasipeaes) por meio de marcaodres RAPD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-31)
Silva, Cirlande Cabral da
;
Astolfi Filho, Spartaco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3405754239635541
Molecular markers were used to examine the genetic variability of eight landraces of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes) and two wild populations (B. gasipaes var. chichagui), their relationships and genetic structures. Two hundred plants of these 8 races were used and 18 plants of the two wild populations, one from the Magdalena River, Colômbia, and the other from the Xingu River, Pará, Brasil. Eight primers were used to generate RAPD markers, of which 124 markers were obtained with 101 polymorphic. The observed heterozygosity of the set of landraces and wild populations was 0.38, with 93 % polymorphism, both slightly greater than in earlier studies. The Amazonian landraces had greater heterozygosity and % polymorphism than the Central American race. The structure of the dendrogram based on Nei s (1972) distances with the four previously studied landraces was similar to that study, essentially validating it and confirming two landrace groups one Occidental and one Oriental. When the Juruá landrace was added to the analysis, it joined with the other Occidental races, as expected by its geographic position. When the other landraces (with small sample sizes) were added to the analysis, a consistency and some problems were observed. The consistency was that all the landraces joined the Occidental group, expected by their geographic positions. The problems were the grouping of the Vaupés landrace with the Juruá landrace, which are geographically distant and have different fruit sizes and shapes. The relationship between the Cauca landrace and the Inirida landrace was also problematic, since they are geographically separated. These problems can only be resolved with new germplasm collections in the appropriate geographic areas and with an appropriate number of individuals. The two wild populations joined the landraces at a great distance, suggesting that they did not participate in the domestication of the cultivated landraces and indirectly reenforcing the hypothesis of a single origin in southwestern Amazonia.
Estudo descritivo do repertório de habilidades sociais de adolescentes com síndrome de Down.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-08-31)
Angélico, Antonio Paulo
;
Del Prette, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1093556261916040
Social skills have been considered essential in the process of social adjustment for all individuals whether or not they have special education needs. This research used direct (videotaping) and indirect (parent interviews, empathetic discrimination behavior registration and teacher questionnaires) observational methodology to investigate the verbal and non-verbal social behavior repertoires of a group of ten adolescents with Down s Syndrome. A predominance of pro-social behaviors were found for participants in contrast to the self assertiveness responses exhibited, showing a weak relationship (r = 0,260, p > 0,05) between these two classes of skills, which may be due to their being distinct classes of behavior skills acquired under specific learning contingencies. A prevalence of reactive responses was found for the majority, with the exception of four participants. One participant demonstrated a balance in pro-active and reactive responses to the environment in his repertoire (51,3% and 48,7%, respectively), one participant showed a homogeneous frequency distribution for both these classes. A strong relationship between pro-active responses and self-assertiveness behavior (r = 0,866, p < 0,01) was found for the participants, confirming that the greater the frequency of pro-active conduct by individuals, the greater the frequency of self-assertiveness skills. In the structured situations used for this research, a majority of the participants presented a deficit in self-assertiveness responses in their behavior repertoire. This may indicate the need for preventive educational interventions to guarantee an improved performance in situations which demand self-assertiveness behaviors. In the structured situation, eight participants showed inconsistent responses in discrimination of facial expressions in figures with caricatured faces, indicating a deficit in empathetic social skills for perception and recognition of emotions felt by others. No relation was found between the social skills repertoire for participants and variables such as age, gender, and socio-economic class.
Florística e fitossociologia das espécies lenhosas no cerrado da fazenda Canchim (São Carlos, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-09-02)
Tartaglia, Diego
;
Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162
The situation of the remaining cerrado areas in Brazil is worrisome, and more studies are necessary to establish effective conservation strategies. We studied several aspects of the Woody species in two campo cerrado areas in order to assess the conditions of the vegetation. We placed five permanent 10 x 10 m plots in each area, in which we sampled the woody species in both the upper and lower strata and in the dry and wet seasons. We analyzed floristics, structure, β diversity, regeneration, seasonality and phenology. We did not find significant differences between the two areas in any of the descriptors, and therefore concluded that the β diversity was low. The upper stratum had a higher diversity and evenness than the lower, and was also more stable than the lower in relation to height structure throughout the year. We found no correlation between aggregation patterns and strata, area or season, and most species showed an aggregated pattern of distribution. The logarithmic series model was the better fit for both areas and layers, which predict a large proportion of low-density species. This has implications to the conservation strategies, because these species require large areas to maintain local populations without the risk of extinction. The flowering patterns were different between the strata, and a niche separation could be occurring. None of the species had regeneration problems. We considered that the area assure the reposition of the adult individuals of woody species.
Avalição química e da capacidade de biossorção da grama batatais (Paspalum notatum) visando aplicações analíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-09-03)
Araújo, Geórgia Christina Labuto
;
Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
This work suggests the chemical characterization of the genus Paspalum and was divided in 3 steps: 1) sample preparation of plants with diluted acids; 2) biosorption studies employing Paspalum notatum root material, and 3) investigation of root cellular wall constituents. Therefore, in the first step, solutions ranging from 2 to 14 mol L-1 HNO3 were used to assisted high-pressure microwave plant samples digestion. Quantitative amounts of analytes were obtained, including Fe and Al, by using 2 mL of 2 mol L-1 HNO3 solution plus 1 mL of H2O2 30 % v v-1. Residual carbon contents were ≤ 11 %. The 1H NMR spectra indicated lower variety of nitrocompounds for samples digested with diluted acids. For the second step, sorption studies in root material leached and no-leached with 0.14 mol L-1 HNO3 solution were performed. The sorption obtained for the former was higher than for the latter material. Sorption isotherms of Al3+, Fe3+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ in H3CCOONH4 and KNO3 environments with mono and multielemental solutions were plotted and adjusted to the more representative theoretical models for the experimental results. The KNO3 monoelemental studies presented higher sorption for Fe and Cu than for H3CCOONH4 environment, probably owing to the absence of bounding ions. Sorption has reduced for all analytes in KNO3 multielemental studies, probably owing to the competition by the sorption sites. In the other hand, H3CCOONH4 multielemental studies showed an increasing of two times for Fe and Al sorption, probably due to lateral interactions between the analytes and the biosorbent surfaces, which were verified with sorption isotherm profiles. In the last step, the 1H NMR spectra and the potentiometric titration indicated that the acid rinsing changed the material. In this case, interpretation of the results obtained with potentiometric titration suggests the amine and phenol groups as likely sorption sites. The determination of Al, Fe, Cu, Ni, aminoacids and sugar in fractions obtained from the sequential extraction of the cell wall compounds, combined to Pearson s correlation coefficient studies, evidenced different distributions of the analytes at the fractions and material. Thus, the functional groups related to each metal could be estimated.
Cooperativismo em assentamentos de reforma agrária: a sobrevivência de cooperativas do MST no contexto capitalista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-09-03)
Vazzoler, Márcia Regina
;
Eid, Farid
This thesis has as objective to make a comparative study of cases between cooperatives of agrarian production - CPAs in agrarian reform settlements in the state of São Paulo and the state of the Rio Grande Do Sul, being analyzed the process of creation, development and limits taxes to the these cooperatives, verifying its internal organization of the production and the work and as this factor contributes for the success or economic and social failure of these cooperatives. We understand as failure those cooperatives that pass for difficulties of generation of income and consequence dissolution and as success those cooperatives whose factors economic and social they are not only seen as an end, but as a way for its growth. We leave of the principle of that a differentiation between the Traditional Cooperatives exists - that they function, over all, as capital society, or either, maximizes chances and reaches a similar economic rationality to the ones of the too much capitalist companies through technological, financial and organizacional mechanisms, increasing its production essentially in relation to the market, accumulating and centering capital without the main concern with social justice; and the selected ones for the development of this thesis of, the cooperatives of agrarian production - CPAs in agrarian reform settlements - that they function, above of everything, as a society of people. This type of organization of production and work possess character and socialist inspiration and if it characterizes for presenting a differentiated management, based in the historical principles of the cooperativismo. The organizations managed for itself same congregate majority or totality diligent agricultural in conditions of exercise of the collective ownership of the means of production, where the work associated it is organized by means of planning and determined collective norms and the results of the production are distributed on the basis of the participation of the work of each associate. As well as the traditional cooperatives, the CPAs of agrarian reform searchs the efficiency, however such efficiency is submitted to the logic of the social inclusion, of the preservation of the ranks of work and fight for the agrarian reform. We intend to answer which are the determinative factors of economic and social success of CPAs in agrarian reform settlements in São Paulo and the Rio Grande Do Sul and as the internal organization of the production and of the work of these cooperatives it contributes for this result.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de composições polipropileno/cargas retardantes de chama
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-09-03)
Trombini, Rejane Cristina
;
Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
The main objective of this study was to develop and characterize polypropylene modified with flame retardant fillers. Two flame retardant fillers (Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide) were incorporated into four distinct types of polypropylene, two of which were homopolymers and two copolymers. The contents of the flame retardant fillers were 40 and 60%, in mass. The composites were prepared using two co-rotating double screw extruders, one a bench scale device and the other of considerably larger dimensions. The test specimens were then injection processed, after which the composites thermal, mechanical, thermomechanical and flammability performance were evaluated. An analysis was made of the thermogravimetric results to identify the possible occurrence of water loss during the composite s processing. The flame retardant fillers were found to improve the composite s flammability behavior, albeit with a concomitant decrease in their mechanical properties, most notably a drop in the material s impact strength. The best physical and mechanical properties and the lowest flammability were obtained with polymer-flame retardant filler composites whose polymeric matrix was composed of propylene-ethylene copolymer with the highest ethylene content. A study was also made of the properties of polypropylene and organic clay nanocomposites, from which a type of polypropylene most closely resembling the ones previously studied was chosen to serve as a standard against which to compare the properties obtained for the polypropylenes modified with traditional flame retardant fillers. Under the conditions utilized in this study, the nanocomposites displayed an adequate physical and mechanical behavior, but the evaluations revealed that no satisfactory increase in resistance to flammability was achieved.
Estudo das etapas sintéticas de complexos mistos de ftalocianinas de zinco e cobalto com tetrafenilporfirina de zinco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-09-13)
Cordeiro, Márcia Regina
;
Moreira, Wania da Conceição
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3016270106775634
A systematic study of synthetic steps in the formation of phthalocyanine and porphyrin mixed complexes, having pyrazine as bridged ligand is described in this work. Two mixed complexes series were obtained, keeping constant the porphyrin metallic center and changing the metallic phthalocyanine, in order to investigate the effect of the metal ion in the final properties of these series. In all the stages the products were characterized by infrared and UV-vis. spectroscopies, thermal and elemental analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis have shown that pyrazine ligand does not influence zinc phthalocyanine(ZnPc), cobalt phthalocyanine(CoPc) or zinc tetraphenilporphrin(ZnTPP) thermal stability. However, the mass loss temperature of pyrazine ligand was dependent of metallic center in the phthalocyanine complex. The two mixed complexes series produced two different macrocycles sequence, ZnPc(pyz)ZnTPP(pyz)ZnPc; ZnTPP(pyz)ZnPc(pyz)ZnTPP; CoPc(pyz)ZnTPP(pyz)CoPc and ZnTPP(pyz)CoPc(pyz)ZnTPP. The infrared and electronic spectra showed characteristic absorption bands of the two macrocycles. However, the main features observed in the electronic spectra was a blue shift of 16 nm in the position of the Q band related to CoPc. This result indicates that the change of the metal ion at phthalocyanine complex can promote a more intense communication between the porphyrin and phthalocyanine ring. The change of metallic center has also change the thermal properties of the mixed complexes.
Efeitos da interação de plasma na absorção ótica em super-rede randômica de pontos quânticos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-09-13)
Abreu, Eduardo de Paula
;
Emmel, Paulo Daniel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3243982487562261
In this work the ground and first excited states of the electron are calculated in interacting one-dimensional, two-dimensional lattices and multilayers of cylindrical quantum dots containing at the most an electron and considering both infinite and finite potential barriers. The dimensions and the occupation of the quantum dots are chosen randomly using Monte Carlo s method. In the case of finite barrier we calculated the levels of energy through the Density Functional Theory (DFT ). We calculated the envelope function considering the eﬀective mass approximation and using the numeric method developed by Samita Gangopadhyay and B.R. Nag. Once obtained the levels of energy, we calculated the absorption coeﬃcient considering the electron-electron interaction. The calculations show the influence of the plasma interaction in the absorption. The results demonstrate a change of the absorption coeﬃcient as a function of the density of quantum dots. When the electric field is applied the absorption peak moves to the right indicating a collective response of interacting localized electrons.
Os caminhos para a construção da escola inclusiva:a relação entre a gestão escolar e o processo de inclusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-09-14)
Tezani, Thaís Cristina Rodrigues
;
Huet, Aparecida Barco Soler
The research has as fear the relation between school administration and the students inclusion process with special educational needs in the regular teaching, aiming at the construction of an inclusive school. It accomplished a qualitative research: an ethnographical kind comparative study between two public schools of an average postage city, of the interior of São Paulo s State, being a municipal net school and other of the teaching state net, guiding by the research matter: Which the actions school administration contribution for the students inclusion process with special needs in the regular teaching, guaranteeing, thus, the inclusive school construction . To the knowledge that the students with special educational needs have been frequenting common classes, it does necessary to study the school administration ahead of this reality, or be, your posture, conceptions and actions. The research goal is to describe the school administration actions in front of the student s inclusion process with special educational needs in the regular teaching. They recovered the paradigms that guiding the inclusion historical process and her philosophical dimensions, relating the proposal from official documents to the educational reality. They compare the actions and the schools school administration relations in the student s inclusion processes with special educational needs in the regular teaching. Checked itself how same, belonging to public school universe, studied schools follow proposed and accomplish distinct practices; it highlights that the posture assumed by the school administration influence in the everyday pedagogical practice and that parents' involvement and teachers' implication are determinate factors in the inclusive school construction.
Grau de cisão de cadeia na degradação termomecânica de polímeros sob multiplas extrusões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-09-14)
Coaquira, Carlos Alberto Cáceres
;
Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
One of the ways to follow the polymer degradation has been to calculate the average number of chain scissions (ns) that occurred during its thermomechanical history. The average can be extended for each molecular weight fraction of the original molecular weight distribution curve, which can be done by the Chain Scission Distribution Function (CSDF curve). To calculate CSDF curve originally a correlation rule called Intensity Method was established. In this work another correlation rule was developed to calculate CSDF curve which is called here Concentration Method. Both methods were compared theoretically using an approximation of the MWD curves to a Gaussian shape and experimentally using polypropylene samples that have been subjected to thermomechanical degradation under multiple extrusions. We consider the Concentration Method the proper way to represent the correlation rule because it shows a true agreement with the conventional average ns value. It also presents lower data scattering and can be used as another tool in understanding the polymer degradation field. In order to test this new method it was applied to follow the thermomechanical degradation under multiple extrusions of polypropylene and polystyrene. Polypropylene show a degradation that is mainly a random process (CSDF curve with slop ≅ 0) in the range of low molecular weight up to a critical value Log(MW) ≅ 5.0 and above that it becomes dependent of the MW, called here a preferential process (CSDF curve with slop > 0). On the other hand the degradation of the polystyrene is mainly a random process in all its extension. The behaviour of each material used is related to its polydispersity and average molecular weight.