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O processo de inclusão: a formação do professor e sua expectativa quanto ao desempenho acadêmico do aluno surdo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-10)
Leão, Andreza Marques de Castro
;
Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
The inclusive education is a practice of inclusion of all the pupils, independently of their handicapping conditions, in common classroom, in a way that learning of the academic content is important for them. Considering that the inclusion is a reality, and that the conditions for its efetivation still present gaps, its is important to develop procedures that make possible to evaluate and to describe the current process and to consider aid mechanisms for the implementation. Amongst the multiple aspects that can be considered it is the expectation of the teacher of regular education the academics outcomes of the deaf pupils included in regular classrom and the preparation of these teachers to take care of to these pupils. In this perspective this research had the following objectives: a) the analysis of the expectation of the teacher from regular education about the academic performance of the deaf and non deaf pupils included, in elementary education, by means of a questionnaire; b) analysis and comparison of the expectations that the teacher presents about the deaf pupils from the questionnaires and other instruments that had been used (notes of the academic performance and scores of the academic production). It also was verified to which extent the expectations of the teachers were in accordance with the reality of its pupils; and c) analysis of the opinion of the teachers about their preparation to take care of deaf pupils. The instruments used in the study were two questionnaires, being one with questions about teacher s qualification to work with deaf pupils, and the other was a direct questionnaire to know the expectation of the teacher about the academic aspects of the pupils. Beyond these, the academic transcript grades of the pupils had been used also for Portuguese and Mathematics, as well as the analysis of the academic production. 16 teachers had participated in the study who were working with deaf pupils who were included in public education (state and municipal) in particular of the city of Sao Jose of the Campos/S.P. Thirty two students were evaluated, being 16 deaf and 16 non-deaf. From the analysis of the data it was verified that the teachers are unprepared to teach the deaf pupils, since they are unaware of the diferent aspects that involve the deafness. It was observed that the deaf students had presented an inferior academic performance incomparision to the non deaf students. The same was evidenced by means of academic scores and analysis of the academic production. Through these results, it can be evidenced that the expectations of the teachers are in accordance with the reality presented by the pupils. However, it can be questioned if teacher s expectations can be related to student s inferior performance compared to non deaf students.
Marcadores moleculares na análise de espécies e composição populacional de peixes marinhos de recifes de corais da família Pomacanthidae (Perciformes)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-12)
Affonso, Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
The Brazilian coast extends over nearly 8,000km. Along the coastline, several marine ecosystems can be found and determine a rich ichthyofauna, regarding both diversity and number of species. The reef sites are characterized as the main reason for such abundance. As a paradox, genetic studies aiming to characterize the several species and populations from this environment are nearly absent in Brazil. Based on these statements, the major goals of the present work were to analyze the population structure and the relationship among marine fish species from a Perciform family, common at coral reefs and important for aquarium trade Pomacanthidae. The selected species were Centropyge aurantonotus, Holacanthus ciliaris, H. tricolor, Pomacanthus arcuatus and P. paru, distributed over nearly all the Brazilian shore, besides another species from the family Chaetodontidae, closely related to that focused in this work - Chaetodon striatus. For that, molecular markers obtained from analyses of genomic DNA by RAPD and microsatellites were adopted. The results based on RAPD profiles, from a set of primers, indicate that species from both families show a high genetic variability, with inter-specific and inter-populational differences. Specific marks were found in all species, useful for the establishment of phylogenetic relationships and taxonomical discrimination. The dendrogram generated allowed to distinguish each species, revealing that those from a same genus are more closely related. Albeit the values of gene flow and genetic identity were relatively high after inter-populational comparisons, indications of structuring along the Brazilian Province were detected, particularly if we consider φs t values. The most conspicuous species along the coast, composing widely distributed populations, tended to exhibit greater genetic similarities among samples. Animals from oceanic isolates were not quite differentiated from inshore populations, but showed decreased variability. The isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the species P. paru and H. ciliaris, according to PIMA (PCR isolation of microsatellite arrays) methodology, allowed us to select several microsatellite loci, useful for populational approaches. Primers flanking such regions were designed and it was verified that one locus, called Pp02 was polymorphic and it is present in Pomacanthus and Holacanthus representatives. The populational analyses of the locus Pp02 in P. paru revealed significant values of Fst and genetic differentiation, in agreement with population structure hypothesis. These data, described for the first time, are useful for the conservation management of such exploited animals and for the inferences of dispersal and populational composition of reef species from the Brazilian Province.
Terceirização em uma empresa de manufatura com classe A em excelência operacional.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-12)
Tognetti, Mauro Athos
;
Pereira, Neocles Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
This work has the objective to analyze and to discuss the organizational transformations in the supply chain of a worldwide competitive manufacturing company operating with MRP II Class A, JIT and TQM management systems, caused by the strategic outsourcing implementation for tree thousands, two hundreds and third eight components involving ten key suppliers. The work analyzes the SCM concepts required to the global competitiveness, the buyer / supplier partnership relationships, the transformations in the purchasing organizations within the MRP II, JIT and TQM environment and some work frames for strategic outsourcing. It analyzes the main phases of one strategic outsourcing case study: the outsourcing decision criteria based on the definition of the core competences of the leader company, the group technology concepts used to link the outsourced items with the supplier s core competences, the supplier selection process, the partnership contracts, the quotation and negotiation process performed by common group of items; the project management process used to control the high amount of outsourcing activities and the supplier s learning curves control. Four years had already gone since this strategic outsourcing process was implemented and all the suppliers involved had their performances complied with the annual targets established by the Supplier Chain leader company. So, the conclusion is that the process implementation of this strategic outsourcing was correct.
Filmes de diamante não-dopados e dopados: um estudo sistemático usando espectroscopia Raman
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-17)
Silva, William Fortunato da
;
Galzerani, José Cláudio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2448874919199274
Diamond films grown by both hot filament (HFCVD) and microwave-plasma (MW-CVD) assisted chemical vapor deposition were investigated. Raman spectroscopy, scan- ning electron microscopy and X-ray di¤raction were employed in order to perform systematic studies about the crystalline quality and the phase purity of the films, as a function of the deposition temperature. It was found that both techniques produced diamond films of similarly good purity; however, the MWCVD produced films of higher crystalline quality. Changes in the shape of the Raman line were found to be due to both phonon confinement and residual stress. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were employed in a detailed study of the origin of defects in the diamond films grown by MWCVD and HFCVD. The results showed evidence of optical centers induced by different impurities. The defects were captured by silicon and tungsten atoms incorporated, respectively, in the diamond lattice of films grown by MWCVD and HFCVD. Boron-doped diamond films were also studied using Raman and transport measurements. Boron incorporation induces disorder in the diamond structure, causes the appearance of a band observed at ~ 1220 cm-1, and provokes an effect in the Raman line of diamond that could be attributed to the Fano type interference. Resistivity as a function of the boron concentration - in association with the Raman spectra - and temperature dependent transport measurements were employed. The results showed that the variable range hopping mechanism (VRH) dominates the transport in these doped diamond films.
Pessoas com deficiência organizando-se em cooperativas: uma alternativa de trabalho?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-18)
Carretta, Regina Yoneko Dakuzaku
;
Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
Co-operatives are been presented as an insertion alternative in trade work for disabled people, with different meaning from the most traditional proposals of leadings for formal jobs under Brazilian CLT (Consolidate Work Laws), in individual functions, in industrial activities, as the earlier proposal of professional rehabilitation models. On the other hand, the work co-operatives besides possibilities of work generation and profits are showed as a participative management and self-management in which there are social and economics goals. Nowadays, the work co-operative, specially the cooperative so named "popular" are been discussed and developed inside Solidary Economy, movement that search from solidary enterprises for an alternative to capital model of production. The popular co-operative involve socially excluded people, without economic sources and sometimes without both technical and professional knowledge which they might be able to develop economic activities like disabled people. With the main objective to know and evaluate the possibility of work cooperatives being able to include disabled people in work as well as to know the challenges and the outlooks, the present research proposed to develop case studies involving three kinds of enterprises. A lot of proposals and management were showed by analysed experiences, by showing the necessity of co-operative formation, challenges presented as a financial resources and technical capacitation, challenges in own participative management (hierarchy, involvement of co-operative workers in aggregative projects and challenges of owner management of choose economic activity (legalization, sources, diffusion, distribution of goods and trading). At last, the conclusion that co-operative management model could possible an alternative work/job generation and amounts to disabled people as well as, their participation and social inclusion. However, their building up there is no easy way and there are no handy formulas. There are a lot of challenges in collective and democratic management and by developing of own enterprise which confrontation involve not only technical meaning but both management and cultural capacitation.
A fiscalização pública de obras particulares em Santos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-19)
Barbosa, Maria Valquíria de Souza
;
Fernandes, Ana Cristina de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3262670232283121
In today s urban cities we can observe the existence of various activities interacting, dividing or struggling for the same space. The co-existence of commercial, institutional, residential or leisure activities requires the presence of urban regulations which can guarantee the quality of urban space. Many times, urban laws do exist, but are not respected. Several times they are infringed, and with the frequent existence of amnesty laws, what was once illegitimate becomes legal. The existence of urban laws and regulations is not a guarantee of quality urban space. City council -- who should be responsible for enforcing and creating urban laws, business men, contractors, technicians and general population are all responsible for not abiding to the rules. For various different reasons, each sector tries to defend what is of their own interest, caring vary little for the greater good of the community. Public inspection in the private construction sector ends up being the most responsible for urban regulation breach, but the responsibility is of the entire community.
Preparação, caracterização físico-química e avaliação do comportamento térmico e mecânico de blendas de poli (tereftalato de etileno) (PET) e poli (éterimidia) (PEI), PET/PEI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-19)
Barros, Adriana de Fátima
;
Ruvolo Filho, Adhemar Colla
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7511722134943618
The blends preparation and composites have been one of the techniques more used to make possible properties and to increase the time of useful life of polymers. PET is a polymeric semicrystalline that has a Tg in 75°C and Tm in 245°C. The low value of Tg of PET and its easiness in crystallizing a lot of times points negative not desired can be considered in a certain project. PEI is a polymeric one amorphous with a value of Tg quite loud 215°C. In the mixture of PET (virgin or recycled) with PEI a displacement was verified in Tg of PET, as well as the one of PEI suggesting polymeric miscibility of the two in the melted state and confirmed later on by the negative value of the parameter of certain Flory to thermal treatments. Since the fusion entalpia is proportional to the crystalline fraction, its correlation with the conformer Reason Trans, RT, was found linear and independent of the content of PEI, turning possible to the determination of the degree of cristalinidade of independent PET of which it goes the composition of to blend PET/PEI. From the results of mechanical resistance of the samples submitted to the aging under radiation UV, it was verified that, independent of the type of PET employee, of the time of radiation of the condition dry or after immersion in water, for stabilized blends or not, so much the specific deformation in the rupture, elastic module, the deformation, and calculated elastic energy, they show a continuous tendency of growth with increase of the content of PEI in the mixture. The effective protection of PEI was verified on PET starting from 25% in PEI of up to 200h of exhibition under UV for the dry samples and up to 100h for samples after immersion in water. After thermal cycle it was verified that, depending on the temperature of the test the composition becomes an important factor. The thermal treatment above 90°C in the presence of the blends with larger concentration than 25% in PEI eliminate the tensions frozen during the processing, in other words, physical aging without there is the crystallization of PET, consequently, a significant improvement was observed in the mechanical answer in terms of elastic energy until tenth cycle. The thermal cycle at 120°C and 140°C is committed for the physical aging of PET and crystallization after the first cycle. The results obtained for the blend with content of 25% in PEI, in fact, when compared to the samples of pure PET they evidence the significant gain in the value of the elastic energy, these results suggest the potentiality for a possible application of this blend in the production of pieces whose interest is to guarantee a good resistance to the impact.
Saberes docentes dos instrumentistas professores: diálogo entre ensinar e avaliar num curso de performance em instrumento musical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-22)
Carvalho, Isamara Alves
;
Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7634525753891601
The present research had as general objective knowing and discussing how professors of musical instruments, who teach children, report their teaching learning process according to two central axles: teaching and evaluating. In the first part we prioritize a theoretical explanation of the references and the methodology chosen for the development of this research. The first chapter presents some categories of teaching knowledgement starting with the references of TARDIF (2002) and MIZUKAMI (1996, 1999, 2001 and 2002), among others, show the authors who had endorsed our reflections on education and musical education focused in the teachlearning process and the democratization of the access, and on evaluation as learning aiding. We brought the concepts of diagnostic evaluation (LUCKESI, 1998)and armed loveliness (FREIRE, 1998, 1999, 2001a, 2001b and 2002, and LUCKESI, 1998). The second and last chapter of the first part describes the covered stages for the accomplishment of the present research. A qualitative research was chosen andwe carry through interviews in a half-structuralized characteristic, where ten professors of instrument had participated. Later, in the second part, we began the presentation and discussion (dialogue) of the results acquired in the interviews. It was possible to discuss different situations, dilemmas and reflections presented by the professors interviewed about the reality of the teach-learning process of the musical instrument lessons for children in a music school. The final dialogue shows some contributions of this research in the scope of the instrumentists teaching development and magnifying the academic production that focuses on the music schools professors.
Crédito para agricultura familiar: um estudo no município de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-22)
Mundo Neto, Martin
;
Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
The Brazilian green revolution, started in the 60 s, was based on a pattern that favored large producers and those who could get integrated to rising agri-industrial complexes. In the middle of the 90 s, the creation of PRONAF (National Program for the Strengthening of Family Agriculture) aimed at supporting farmers who had frequently been excluded from agricultural policies, mainly subsidized credit. In spite of the creation of PRONAF and other similar programs, only a small part of family farmers have obtained benefits. Credit access is regarded as essential to family farmers success. Thus, the present work intends to comprehend the obstacles for family farmers to access credit, as well as the alternatives adopted by producers to finance their activities. Theoretical foundation was provided by New Institutional Economics and by studies on family agriculture and rural credit. Empirical data on family farmers in the municipality of Sao Carlos-SP were analyzed from three samples, comprising a total of 132 farmers. Moreover, agents related to rural credit (such as extension service personnel, bank managers, rural union representatives, cooperative members and private companies) were interviewed. Tested hypothesis were separated into two groups. The first is related to obstacles in accessing credit: bank requirements which are not easy to be accomplished by farmers; inappropriate payment conditions; farmers aversion to risks; asymmetry of information (farmers does not know credit options and credit agents does not know the target public); passive attitude by credit agents; and lack of technical assistance. The second group of hypothesis refers to alternatives adopted by farmers: use of complementary income sources, deriving from off-farm activities; and access to informal credit market. Only the hypothesis referring to inappropriate payment conditions was not confirmed. Besides confirming the other hypothesis, empirical data allowed for new findings, such as the incorrect view of family farmers which prevails among local operators of subsidized credit lines. Lack of information is one of the main constraints to credit access. Both farmers and farmers organizations do not know several operational aspects of special credits programs. Also, it was found that farmers suppliers were an important source of credit to family smallholders.
O PCB e o movimento nacionalista e democrático (Novos Rumos 1959-1961)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-23)
Aguena, Maurício Salgado
;
Villa, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254541403106427
Análise e avaliação dos modelos de padronização de dados e procedimentos eletrônicos para desenhos e projetos da construção civil: estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-24)
Frosch, Renato
;
Novaes, Celso Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7340467051481570
This present work intends to analyze and evaluate a set of proposals, in discussion, about the utilization feasibility of preceding pattern models (AsBEA proposal, AIA-CSI, ISO), related to the CADD technology development used in civil construction projects, emphasizing a graphical representation and the information transference. From the previous proposal, there were checked alterations caused on the elaboration routine of projects through a questionnaire application to active professionals on the elaboration, edition and review of electronic drawings and case study. (builder and projects office). Aiming verify the adaptation of a set of old rules (NBRs related to traditional technical drawing) to a new concept based on a system of standard computerized technical drawing, finally, this work intends to put up subsidies for a national technical rule/manual elaboration. Expecting that the development of this work can contribute to the deepen of projects related studies, specifically, on the organization feasibility aspects and nomenclature definition, and the graphical representation appreciation suited to electronic drawings.
As imagens multifacetadas da palavra: a literatura na escola.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-25)
Darolt, Carolina Amália Witzke
;
Gonsalves, Elisa Pereira
This research work is a Case Survey, accomplished in Escola Sarapiquá (Sarapiquá School), located in the city of Florianópolis, in Santa Catarina State. The school emerged from the concern of a group of parents about the education of their children. Interested in offering these children a different education from the one established in the city of Florianópolis, these parents launched the school works on December 1st , 1981, when the first assembly took place in the Health Sciences Center of the University of Santa Catarina State. The schoolassociation was officially established on February 10th, 1982 and became the Cultural Association Rising Sun (Associação Cultural Sol Nascente), and finally given the informal name of Escola Sarapiquá. The aim of the research was to give visibility to the cultural-scientific net of meanings, built by the literary within the school. This way, searching for a direct meeting with the subject, were used as a tool of research, the following: the analysis of documents of the school; the reading of works accomplished by students of the 5th grade of elementary education; observation of the school´s routine, and the achievement of interviews with teachers and students. The data built together with the subjects of the research were analyzed, starting from the indicative paradigm of Ginzburg, the listening of deaf clues, the attention to the unsaid, raised through sense of smell and intuition; Maturana and Varela and the work with reason and emotion; Morin, through the order/disorder concept and the work with uncertainties, among others. The results show that literature takes a place of distinction within the school´s routine which transcends the Portuguese Language classes. The literature language is part of many moments of the school and involves different people, taking shape as a non-disciplinary knowledge.
As atividades de coordenação e a gestão do conhecimento nos projetos de edificações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-26)
Silva, Maria Vitória Marim Ferraz Pinto da
;
Novaes, Celso Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7340467051481570
This work presents a study about the coordination of building designs and knowledge management. In the coordination activities, the focus is on the coordination management, related to the planning and to the administration of design process, and on the technical coordination, regarding the integration and the design development, all of them being promoted through the coordination meetings, the compatibilization and the critical analysis. The building design coordination has as its attribution to reconcile and to integrate the knowledge of several specialties. The work introduces the application of the knowledge management into the building design and discusses the knowledge and competences needed for the coordination activities and development of the building design. The knowledge management is fundamental to reorganize the processes of generating, registering, diffusing and usage of the organizational knowledge. Moreover, the information systems and the computing resources have also been studied in this work as instruments of this management. To base adequately the theme of the dissertation, case studies were accomplished in two big construction and real estate development companies and in three building design offices. The case studies in the five companies made it possible to characterize the practices adopted for the design coordination, according to the alternatives used for its accomplishment (internal or external work or outsorced, besides the consultancy in coordination). A case study on knowledge management was also conducted in one of the major companies researched, aiming at studying its applicability in the building construction. The introduction of the concepts of knowledge management in the culture and in the organizational strategy of the company, as well as its reflex in the building design are presented. In agreement to this approach, by introducing the discussion about knowledge management, this work contributes to the process of development of designs and to its coordination, enabling the accomplishment of designs with better level of quality and constructability, to agree with the demands of the modern projects.
Expressão heteróloga, purificação e estudo de atividade de uma proteína inibidora de cisteínio protease da cana-de-açúcar e posterior evolução in vitro pela técnica de DNA Shuffling
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-26)
Fuentes, Andrea Soares da Costa
;
Silva, Flávio Henrique da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
Plants seem to have developed, over a long period of time, defence mechanisms against fungi and insects. One of them is the use of protease inhibitor proteins. Cystatins are proteins that inhibit specifically cysteine proteases. They occur naturally in several vegetable species and it is believed that they work in the defence mechanism from plants against some pathogens. The Canecystatin gene which codifies a protein containing 106 amino acids residues, was identified in sugarcane and bears significant similarity with oryzacystatin, a cystatin from rice. The recombinant protein was expressed in E.coli in the soluble form, which promoted its direct purification by affinity chromatography in nickel column. The purified protein was analysed by Circular Dichroism (CD) and displayed estimated secundary structure similar to oryzacystatin I. Besides that, the protein was submitted to crystallization assay, and it was possible to form protein crystal, which will enable future studies by X-Ray Crystallography. Canecystatin, was used successfully in growth inhibition tests against the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. The protein minimum inhibitory dose were about 50 µg/ml. The recombinant canecystatin was also able to inhibit plant pathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum sp P25, Colletotrichum sp P28, Colletotrichum sp P10, Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger. The most efficient inhibition was obtained against Colletotrichum sp P10 (32.25µg/ml). In order to obtain cystatin with improved activity direct evolution tests were carried out. A shuffling library was constructed using two diferent cystatins, i.e Canecystatin and Oryzacystatin I. One clone formed by this proteins was selected. This clone was expressed, purified and subjected to activity tests, and the results shown that the activity of mutant protein increased, in particular regarding its inhibit activity of Cathepsin B. Our findings open perspectives of using this protein as a natural fungicide and of developing more resistant varieties of sugarcane .
Estudo do efeito da Alternagina-C, uma desintegrina do veneno de Bothrops alternatus,sobre a adesão de células normais e tumorais. Avaliação do seu potencial como agente anti-metastático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-26)
Terruggi, Cristina Helena Bruno
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
The α2β1 integrin is a major collagen receptor that plays an essential role in the normal and tumor cells adhesion to the extracellular matrix, as well as in the metastasis. Antagonists of integrins have been developed in order to provide powerful therapeutic approaches for the several types of cancer and metastasis treatment. A metalloproteinase/disintegrin was isolated, which is a specific inhibitor of the collagen type I binding to α2β1 integrin. This 55-kDa protein (Alternagin) and its disintegrin-like 30-kDa domain Alternagin-C (ALT-C) were isolated from the Bothrops alternatus a brazilian snake - venom. This disintegrin-like domain has an additional cysteine-rich domain, which is not found in RGD-disintegrins, and the RGD motif is replaced by an ECD sequence. So, the purposes of the project were (1) Evaluate the effect of ALT-C on tumor and non-tumor cell adhesion, proliferation and migration, (2) To study the effects of ECD-motif derived peptides on tumor and non-tumor cell adhesion. ALT-C inhibited the adhesion of NITH3T3, human bladder ECV-304, human cervix HeLa and breast MDA-MB-231cells to collagen type I (IC50 of 2.2, 1.66, 1.38 and 0,95µM respectively). Besides, when immobilized on plate wells, ALT-C supported the adhesion of these cell lines. ALTC did not detach cells which were previously bound to collagen type I. In the presence of collagen type I, ALT-C stimulates the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells and in greater concentrations it inhibits migration. ALT-C does not inhibit the adhesion and the migration of estrogen dependent MCF-7 cells. ALT-C also induces significant HUVEC proliferation in vivo, by up-regulating VEGF expression in human fibroblasts and endothelial cells. ALT-C also strongly activates Akt/PKB phosphorylation, a signaling event involved in endothelial survival and angiogenesis. In addition, related to the up-regulation of the VEGF´s expression, ALT-C up-regulates other growth factors expression involved in cell proliferation, such as IL-11, TGFβ, and EGR2 and 3, which are probably also involved on its positive effect on HUVEC proliferation. These biological activities of ALT-C can be useful in anti-cancer therapy experimental studies.
Estudo do processo de produção de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces clavuligerus em cultivos contínuos com alta concentração celular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-29)
Baptista Neto, Álvaro de
;
Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
;
Hokka, Carlos Osamu
The use of β-lactamase inhibitor in conjunction with β-lactam antibiotics was proposed to improve the efficiency of these antibiotics. The clavulanic acid is an important inhibitor of β-lactamase due its ability to inhibit several classes of β-lactamases. The clavulanic acid is a product from the secondary metabolism of Streptomyces clavuligerus and its production rate is higher after the fast growing phase. Higher productivities can be achieved in cultivations with high cell density. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the continuous clavulanic acid production process with high cell density, possible with the recycle of cells. Initially, experiments to determine the proper pH and medium compositions to improve clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus were performed. Experiments to examine the effect of inhibition and/or repression by glycerol were also carried out. Continuous culture without cell recycling was performed to develop a kinetic model, including parameter determination, to simulate the process of clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus. Classic models failed to describe the process and a kinetic model which takes into account the simultaneous consumption of glycerol and nitrogen source, as energy sources, was proposed. To obtain high cell density, continuous cultivation with cell recycling was carried out. Among the methods examine to concentrate the cell mass, microfiltration was chosen because it is easily operated and allows the obtention of a limpid broth, as it is able to separate the totality of the cells from cultivation broth. This process eliminates the separation of cells in downstream processes. Concerning the problems such as oxygen transfer limitation and increase in the viscosity of culture broth, it has been observed that it does not hinder the applicability of continuous culture with cell recycling. The present work shows that continuous culture with cell recycling maximizes the productivity, suggesting its utilization for clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus.
Sistemática para auxiliar as pequenas empresas industriais da cidade de São Carlos na identificação e análise dos impactos ambientais gerados durante o processo produtivo.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-30)
Zambrano, Tatiane Fernandes
;
Martins, Manoel Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
The aim of this study is to propose a method to help the small enterprises in the city of São Carlos to identify and analyze the environmental impact caused during their production processes. Six case studies were done in small enterprises of metal, textile, food, plastic, diagnosis kits sectors and in a marble and granite supplier. It was possible to conclude that: a) The method to identify and analyze environmental impact consists in a set of actions that the small enterprises can adopt to start to understand the environmental damage that their process or the incorrect discharge of their solid and liquid rejects will cause. b) With respect to case studies, it wasn t observed any environmental concern from the enterprises. The actions that these enterprises took to minimize the environmental impact of their process were motivated by: the concern to meet the requirements of inspection and financial return. c) The studies enterprises don t believe that the environmental system is important to their survival and the main difficult for these enterprises to adapt, environmentally speaking, is financial. In addition, the implementation of a system is not part of their strategy.
Hidrólise controlada de proteínas de soro lático usando tripsina e quimotripsina imobilizadas em diferentes suportes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-30)
Galvão, Célia Maria Araújo
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
This work is part of a global project whose aim is the production of a cheese whey proteins hydrolysate with controlled composition. The process is composed by sequential hydrolysis of the whey proteins using trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxipeptidase A (CPA). The phenylalanine (Phe) and the other aromatic amino acids released after action of CPA may be removed from the product, providing an adequate source of proteins for phenylketonurics patients and a final product with more pleasant flavor. After its separation, a final step of hydrolysis using the non-specific protease AlcalaseÒ produces a mixture of small peptides with better properties than a mixture of free amino acids. However, the use of enzymes in industrial processes requests its immobilization and stabilization. We have studied in this work the first two hydrolysis stages aiming to reach the following general objectives: to prepare derivatives of trypsin (on sepabeads, chitosan and agarose) and chymotrypsin (just on agarose), to study the sequential hydrolysis of the cheese whey proteins with trypsin and chymotrypsin immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose gel and to investigate the kinetic of the hydrolysis of these proteins with immobilized chymotrypsin. Trypsin-sepabeads derivatives were prepared on resins modified with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) or modified with IDA and copper. Yield of immobilization of approximately 100% and complete recovery of the enzyme on supports were obtained. Factors of stabilization in relation to the soluble enzyme from 90 times (Sepabeads- IDA-Cu2+) to 138 times (Sepabeads-IDA), at 55ºC, were reached and the trypsin- (Sepabeads-IDA) derivative showed to be more efficient in the casein hydrolysis than the trypsin-glyoxyl-agarose one. Trypsin-chitosan derivatives were prepared on coagulated matrices in NaOH solution (0.1 or 1N) and activated with glutaraldehyde (pH 7 or 10) or glycydol. Chitosan derivatives whose matrices were activated with glutaraldehyde reached 100% of yield of immobilization, while the ones activated with glycydol reached just 60%. In all the studied cases it was possible to recover completelly the enzyme on supports until the enzymatic load of 20mgEnz./gGel. Derivatives prepared on coagulated matrices in NaOH 0.1 or 1N and activated at pH 7 resulted in 100% of yield of immobilization and complete recovery of the enzyme on gel until the enzymatic load of 40mgEnz./gGel. At 40ºC, the glutaraldehyde-chitosan derivatives were approximately 460 times more stable than the soluble enzyme; at 70ºC, the glyoxyl-chitosan derivative showed to be approximately 13 times more stable than the glutaraldehyde-chitosan derivative. The trypsin-chitosan derivatives presented the highest hydrolysis activity at 50ºC and pH 9 (40ºC and pH 9 for the soluble enzyme). The best trypsin-chitosan derivative (coagulated in NaOH 0.1M and activated at pH 7) showed similar performance to the soluble enzyme in the hydrolysis of the cheese whey proteins (hydrolysis degree (DH) of 12%). Trypsin and chymotrypsin derivatives immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose gel were prepared following a protocol available in the literature (agarose activated with glycydol and oxidized with NaIO4 to obtain 75µmoles of aldehyde/mL of gel, at 25oC and pH 10.05). The factors of stabilization obtained for trypsin (3920 times) and chymotrypsin (14535 times) are according with results already published and were confirmed through acid hydrolysis of the soluble enzymes and stabilized derivatives. These experiments showed that 64.76% and 72.15% of the lysines present in the trypsin and chymotrypsin, respectively, were involved in the enzyme-support attachment. In consequence of this stabilization, the derivatives showed maximum hydrolysis activity of synthetic substrates in temperatures and pH higher than the obtained for the soluble enzymes (trypsin - 85ºC and pH 11; chymotrypsin - 70ºC and pH 10.5). Hydrolysis of the cheese whey proteins assays using trypsin were developed varing the DH from 0 to 12%. After that, the obtained mixtures were hydrolysates with chymotrypsin and carboxipeptidase A, sequentially, using long times and high enzymes concentrations. The results showed that removal of Phe of approximately 100% was obtained in the following conditions: DHtrypsin of 0%, DHchymotrypsin of 12.4% (3.05mgEnz./mL of solution - 10 hours) and 10 hours of reaction with CPA (200UHPHE/ gProtein), producing 15.5% of peptides with molecular mass (MM) lower than 1046Da. The kinetic of the hydrolysis of the whey proteins was studied and the apparent kinetic parameters of the Michaelis-Menten model taking into account competitive inhibition by the substrate ( app max V , app m K and app S K ) were calculated by initial rates method using a derivative with high enzymatic load - 40mgEnz./gGel. In this work, the substrate concentration was defined in terms of peptides bonds that could be cleaved by chymotrypsin. The effectiveness factor found for reactions developed in presence of difusional effects was 0.78. The long-term assays (10 hours) were perfectly fitted by a model where the first five minutes were described by the first order kinetic (V=kN) and times higher than five minutes were represented by a function of P/No (V=f(P/No)).
Ideologia e política: a relação entre Estado e movimento social negro.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-01)
Ubiali, Miliana Passarelli
;
Silvério, Valter Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5269129449053067
The ideological constructions established through the analysis of the intellectual attitude in politically decisive years for the racial issues in Brazil, and the legal-political constructions that, in this research, were based on the decisions formed in legislation, decrees, and protocols that take care of racial issues between 1995 and 2002 (referring to Fernando Henrique Cardoso s two warrants) relate the relationship between the Brazilian State and the Social Black Stroke. The topics of this negotiation in this research contemplate the main changes in the characteristics of new social strokes and in a new way of administrating the Brazilian State, in a managerial character, that allows the development and limits of this relationship to be established.
Modelo de sistema de gestão da qualidade para propriedades rurais leiteiras.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-02)
Lima, Luciano Silva
;
Toledo, José Carlos de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
The agents of Brazilian dairy production chain work with critical rates of losses, starting from the dairy rural company that, several times, supply raw material characterized by low quality. This low quality may be justified by problems with planning, execution and control of daily activities in the farm. In this context, the present dissertation proposes a reference model of Quality Management System (QMS) for dairy farms. The model´s aim is establish the quality management requirements and the principles needed to assure the quality and security of milk, as well as needed to the continuous improvement of the process activities. The model contents two modules: Basis Module is shaped by a set of principles and conditions that orient all the system, while Requirements Module is shaped by a set of requirements that execute and manage the system in the practice based on data and facts generating decisions and plans in the daily of dairy farm. Farther on showing the modules details, this work presents a proposal of the QMS documentation structure and also a set of suggestions to the model implementation in the dairy farms. With its implementation, the model may minimize costs with losses and reworks, and generate higher satisfaction to the farm´s customers (industrial establishments) and final consumers of chain. According to the assessment realized with a sample of the target public (farmers and rural extension agents), the model accomplishes its purpose. Although its language had been evaluated as a weakness, the QMS was considered an important mean to the Brazilian dairy farmers get a professional status.