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Marcadores moleculares na análise de espécies e composição populacional de peixes marinhos de recifes de corais da família Pomacanthidae (Perciformes)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-12) Affonso, Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
The Brazilian coast extends over nearly 8,000km. Along the coastline, several marine ecosystems can be found and determine a rich ichthyofauna, regarding both diversity and number of species. The reef sites are characterized as the main reason for such abundance. As a paradox, genetic studies aiming to characterize the several species and populations from this environment are nearly absent in Brazil. Based on these statements, the major goals of the present work were to analyze the population structure and the relationship among marine fish species from a Perciform family, common at coral reefs and important for aquarium trade Pomacanthidae. The selected species were Centropyge aurantonotus, Holacanthus ciliaris, H. tricolor, Pomacanthus arcuatus and P. paru, distributed over nearly all the Brazilian shore, besides another species from the family Chaetodontidae, closely related to that focused in this work - Chaetodon striatus. For that, molecular markers obtained from analyses of genomic DNA by RAPD and microsatellites were adopted. The results based on RAPD profiles, from a set of primers, indicate that species from both families show a high genetic variability, with inter-specific and inter-populational differences. Specific marks were found in all species, useful for the establishment of phylogenetic relationships and taxonomical discrimination. The dendrogram generated allowed to distinguish each species, revealing that those from a same genus are more closely related. Albeit the values of gene flow and genetic identity were relatively high after inter-populational comparisons, indications of structuring along the Brazilian Province were detected, particularly if we consider φs t values. The most conspicuous species along the coast, composing widely distributed populations, tended to exhibit greater genetic similarities among samples. Animals from oceanic isolates were not quite differentiated from inshore populations, but showed decreased variability. The isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the species P. paru and H. ciliaris, according to PIMA (PCR isolation of microsatellite arrays) methodology, allowed us to select several microsatellite loci, useful for populational approaches. Primers flanking such regions were designed and it was verified that one locus, called Pp02 was polymorphic and it is present in Pomacanthus and Holacanthus representatives. The populational analyses of the locus Pp02 in P. paru revealed significant values of Fst and genetic differentiation, in agreement with population structure hypothesis. These data, described for the first time, are useful for the conservation management of such exploited animals and for the inferences of dispersal and populational composition of reef species from the Brazilian Province.
Terceirização em uma empresa de manufatura com classe A em excelência operacional.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-12) Tognetti, Mauro Athos; Pereira, Neocles Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3744216524256924
This work has the objective to analyze and to discuss the organizational transformations in the supply chain of a worldwide competitive manufacturing company operating with MRP II Class A, JIT and TQM management systems, caused by the strategic outsourcing implementation for tree thousands, two hundreds and third eight components involving ten key suppliers. The work analyzes the SCM concepts required to the global competitiveness, the buyer / supplier partnership relationships, the transformations in the purchasing organizations within the MRP II, JIT and TQM environment and some work frames for strategic outsourcing. It analyzes the main phases of one strategic outsourcing case study: the outsourcing decision criteria based on the definition of the core competences of the leader company, the group technology concepts used to link the outsourced items with the supplier s core competences, the supplier selection process, the partnership contracts, the quotation and negotiation process performed by common group of items; the project management process used to control the high amount of outsourcing activities and the supplier s learning curves control. Four years had already gone since this strategic outsourcing process was implemented and all the suppliers involved had their performances complied with the annual targets established by the Supplier Chain leader company. So, the conclusion is that the process implementation of this strategic outsourcing was correct.