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Estudo do processo de produção de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces clavuligerus em cultivos contínuos com alta concentração celular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-29)
Baptista Neto, Álvaro de
;
Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
;
Hokka, Carlos Osamu
The use of β-lactamase inhibitor in conjunction with β-lactam antibiotics was proposed to improve the efficiency of these antibiotics. The clavulanic acid is an important inhibitor of β-lactamase due its ability to inhibit several classes of β-lactamases. The clavulanic acid is a product from the secondary metabolism of Streptomyces clavuligerus and its production rate is higher after the fast growing phase. Higher productivities can be achieved in cultivations with high cell density. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the continuous clavulanic acid production process with high cell density, possible with the recycle of cells. Initially, experiments to determine the proper pH and medium compositions to improve clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus were performed. Experiments to examine the effect of inhibition and/or repression by glycerol were also carried out. Continuous culture without cell recycling was performed to develop a kinetic model, including parameter determination, to simulate the process of clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus. Classic models failed to describe the process and a kinetic model which takes into account the simultaneous consumption of glycerol and nitrogen source, as energy sources, was proposed. To obtain high cell density, continuous cultivation with cell recycling was carried out. Among the methods examine to concentrate the cell mass, microfiltration was chosen because it is easily operated and allows the obtention of a limpid broth, as it is able to separate the totality of the cells from cultivation broth. This process eliminates the separation of cells in downstream processes. Concerning the problems such as oxygen transfer limitation and increase in the viscosity of culture broth, it has been observed that it does not hinder the applicability of continuous culture with cell recycling. The present work shows that continuous culture with cell recycling maximizes the productivity, suggesting its utilization for clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus.
Sistemática para auxiliar as pequenas empresas industriais da cidade de São Carlos na identificação e análise dos impactos ambientais gerados durante o processo produtivo.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-30)
Zambrano, Tatiane Fernandes
;
Martins, Manoel Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
The aim of this study is to propose a method to help the small enterprises in the city of São Carlos to identify and analyze the environmental impact caused during their production processes. Six case studies were done in small enterprises of metal, textile, food, plastic, diagnosis kits sectors and in a marble and granite supplier. It was possible to conclude that: a) The method to identify and analyze environmental impact consists in a set of actions that the small enterprises can adopt to start to understand the environmental damage that their process or the incorrect discharge of their solid and liquid rejects will cause. b) With respect to case studies, it wasn t observed any environmental concern from the enterprises. The actions that these enterprises took to minimize the environmental impact of their process were motivated by: the concern to meet the requirements of inspection and financial return. c) The studies enterprises don t believe that the environmental system is important to their survival and the main difficult for these enterprises to adapt, environmentally speaking, is financial. In addition, the implementation of a system is not part of their strategy.
Hidrólise controlada de proteínas de soro lático usando tripsina e quimotripsina imobilizadas em diferentes suportes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-11-30)
Galvão, Célia Maria Araújo
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
This work is part of a global project whose aim is the production of a cheese whey proteins hydrolysate with controlled composition. The process is composed by sequential hydrolysis of the whey proteins using trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxipeptidase A (CPA). The phenylalanine (Phe) and the other aromatic amino acids released after action of CPA may be removed from the product, providing an adequate source of proteins for phenylketonurics patients and a final product with more pleasant flavor. After its separation, a final step of hydrolysis using the non-specific protease AlcalaseÒ produces a mixture of small peptides with better properties than a mixture of free amino acids. However, the use of enzymes in industrial processes requests its immobilization and stabilization. We have studied in this work the first two hydrolysis stages aiming to reach the following general objectives: to prepare derivatives of trypsin (on sepabeads, chitosan and agarose) and chymotrypsin (just on agarose), to study the sequential hydrolysis of the cheese whey proteins with trypsin and chymotrypsin immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose gel and to investigate the kinetic of the hydrolysis of these proteins with immobilized chymotrypsin. Trypsin-sepabeads derivatives were prepared on resins modified with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) or modified with IDA and copper. Yield of immobilization of approximately 100% and complete recovery of the enzyme on supports were obtained. Factors of stabilization in relation to the soluble enzyme from 90 times (Sepabeads- IDA-Cu2+) to 138 times (Sepabeads-IDA), at 55ºC, were reached and the trypsin- (Sepabeads-IDA) derivative showed to be more efficient in the casein hydrolysis than the trypsin-glyoxyl-agarose one. Trypsin-chitosan derivatives were prepared on coagulated matrices in NaOH solution (0.1 or 1N) and activated with glutaraldehyde (pH 7 or 10) or glycydol. Chitosan derivatives whose matrices were activated with glutaraldehyde reached 100% of yield of immobilization, while the ones activated with glycydol reached just 60%. In all the studied cases it was possible to recover completelly the enzyme on supports until the enzymatic load of 20mgEnz./gGel. Derivatives prepared on coagulated matrices in NaOH 0.1 or 1N and activated at pH 7 resulted in 100% of yield of immobilization and complete recovery of the enzyme on gel until the enzymatic load of 40mgEnz./gGel. At 40ºC, the glutaraldehyde-chitosan derivatives were approximately 460 times more stable than the soluble enzyme; at 70ºC, the glyoxyl-chitosan derivative showed to be approximately 13 times more stable than the glutaraldehyde-chitosan derivative. The trypsin-chitosan derivatives presented the highest hydrolysis activity at 50ºC and pH 9 (40ºC and pH 9 for the soluble enzyme). The best trypsin-chitosan derivative (coagulated in NaOH 0.1M and activated at pH 7) showed similar performance to the soluble enzyme in the hydrolysis of the cheese whey proteins (hydrolysis degree (DH) of 12%). Trypsin and chymotrypsin derivatives immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose gel were prepared following a protocol available in the literature (agarose activated with glycydol and oxidized with NaIO4 to obtain 75µmoles of aldehyde/mL of gel, at 25oC and pH 10.05). The factors of stabilization obtained for trypsin (3920 times) and chymotrypsin (14535 times) are according with results already published and were confirmed through acid hydrolysis of the soluble enzymes and stabilized derivatives. These experiments showed that 64.76% and 72.15% of the lysines present in the trypsin and chymotrypsin, respectively, were involved in the enzyme-support attachment. In consequence of this stabilization, the derivatives showed maximum hydrolysis activity of synthetic substrates in temperatures and pH higher than the obtained for the soluble enzymes (trypsin - 85ºC and pH 11; chymotrypsin - 70ºC and pH 10.5). Hydrolysis of the cheese whey proteins assays using trypsin were developed varing the DH from 0 to 12%. After that, the obtained mixtures were hydrolysates with chymotrypsin and carboxipeptidase A, sequentially, using long times and high enzymes concentrations. The results showed that removal of Phe of approximately 100% was obtained in the following conditions: DHtrypsin of 0%, DHchymotrypsin of 12.4% (3.05mgEnz./mL of solution - 10 hours) and 10 hours of reaction with CPA (200UHPHE/ gProtein), producing 15.5% of peptides with molecular mass (MM) lower than 1046Da. The kinetic of the hydrolysis of the whey proteins was studied and the apparent kinetic parameters of the Michaelis-Menten model taking into account competitive inhibition by the substrate ( app max V , app m K and app S K ) were calculated by initial rates method using a derivative with high enzymatic load - 40mgEnz./gGel. In this work, the substrate concentration was defined in terms of peptides bonds that could be cleaved by chymotrypsin. The effectiveness factor found for reactions developed in presence of difusional effects was 0.78. The long-term assays (10 hours) were perfectly fitted by a model where the first five minutes were described by the first order kinetic (V=kN) and times higher than five minutes were represented by a function of P/No (V=f(P/No)).
Ideologia e política: a relação entre Estado e movimento social negro.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-01)
Ubiali, Miliana Passarelli
;
Silvério, Valter Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5269129449053067
The ideological constructions established through the analysis of the intellectual attitude in politically decisive years for the racial issues in Brazil, and the legal-political constructions that, in this research, were based on the decisions formed in legislation, decrees, and protocols that take care of racial issues between 1995 and 2002 (referring to Fernando Henrique Cardoso s two warrants) relate the relationship between the Brazilian State and the Social Black Stroke. The topics of this negotiation in this research contemplate the main changes in the characteristics of new social strokes and in a new way of administrating the Brazilian State, in a managerial character, that allows the development and limits of this relationship to be established.
Modelo de sistema de gestão da qualidade para propriedades rurais leiteiras.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-02)
Lima, Luciano Silva
;
Toledo, José Carlos de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
The agents of Brazilian dairy production chain work with critical rates of losses, starting from the dairy rural company that, several times, supply raw material characterized by low quality. This low quality may be justified by problems with planning, execution and control of daily activities in the farm. In this context, the present dissertation proposes a reference model of Quality Management System (QMS) for dairy farms. The model´s aim is establish the quality management requirements and the principles needed to assure the quality and security of milk, as well as needed to the continuous improvement of the process activities. The model contents two modules: Basis Module is shaped by a set of principles and conditions that orient all the system, while Requirements Module is shaped by a set of requirements that execute and manage the system in the practice based on data and facts generating decisions and plans in the daily of dairy farm. Farther on showing the modules details, this work presents a proposal of the QMS documentation structure and also a set of suggestions to the model implementation in the dairy farms. With its implementation, the model may minimize costs with losses and reworks, and generate higher satisfaction to the farm´s customers (industrial establishments) and final consumers of chain. According to the assessment realized with a sample of the target public (farmers and rural extension agents), the model accomplishes its purpose. Although its language had been evaluated as a weakness, the QMS was considered an important mean to the Brazilian dairy farmers get a professional status.
Diretrizes para elaboração de medidas de prevenção contra quedas de altura em edificações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-02)
Martins, Miriam Silvério
;
Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
Concepts, evolution and the importance of safety engineering are presented in this dissertation. The aspects that should be approached in the elaboration of the Conditions and Labor Environment Program for the Construction Industry are also considered, particularly the ones for activities that make falls from height possible. The difficulties of implementation of the program are analyzed, considering the characteristics of the Building Industry. Moreover, a case study carried out in the city of Londrina-PR is presented in order to find out the preventive measures against falls from height by building companies. Standards are presented for aid and parameters of safety design for collective protective equipment which approaches protection types, dimensions for calculations. Preventive measures against falls from height and forms of prevention are also presented. They consist basically in knowing the system and the construction process to be adopted by the company; evaluation of the risky and ergonomic situations in the activities of production in building plot; elaboration of collective preventive systems for the several production phases as well as the postoccupation phase; work training; specification of personal protective equipment for the production phases; documentation and evaluation of the safety system.
Aspectos clínicos e funcionais em trabalhadores ativos com e sem sintomas ou evidências de DORT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-02)
Walsh, Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de
;
Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are diseases that result in persistent pain, loss of functional capacity and associated work disability. This diagnostic is important because it is used to guide clinical and legal decisions. Their initial diagnosis is difficult because such diagnoses are based on complaints of pain and they often involve conflicting social and economic interests. Because of the complexity of such diagnoses, further studies are needed in order to analyze the association between subjective descriptions and objective findings. Therefore was made two research. The objective of the first research was to evaluate the impact of personal, clinical and occupational aspects on work ability of workers with and without WRMDs using an approved version of the Work Ability Index (WAI) and pain scale. This evaluated 127 workers of industrial production lines. A descriptive analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test and it was also performed a logistic regression analysis. A significant association was identified between the WAI and all personal, clinical and occupational aspects. Regression analysis showed that pain and sick leave together accounted for 59% of poor work ability. The objective of the second research was to evaluate the clinical and functional aspects of WRMDs, in relation to physical evaluation, perception of pain, self-reporting of symptoms and functional ability, among active workers at a single company with and without symptoms or evidence of this disorders. 134 female workers were physically evaluated by two trained physiotherapists. They filled out a questionnaire on discomfort due to pain, a pain scale, the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and the Work Ability Index (WAI). The results were correlated and logistic regressions were run. According to the results symptom reports were explained by the results from the pain scale and the clinical findings and clinical findings by symptom reports and WAI. In two research the relationship between pain, symptom reports and clinical findings demonstrates that the patient s current state can be assessed not only by means of objective examinations, but also by means of instruments that take into account the patient s perception of his or her state.
Aspectos numéricos, morfológicos e mofométricos das comunidades bacterianas em diferentes escalas trófica e temporal, em reservatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-03)
Racy, Fernando Paulo Pereira
;
Godinho, Mirna Januária Leal
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4446317622651166
The morphology and size of bacterial cells taken from three reservoirs in different trophic state (Barra Bonita eutrophic, Broa mesotrophic and Lagoa Dourada - oligotrophic), were analysed through images acquired by epifluorescence microscopy (with DAPI fluorescent stain). In these water-bodies, the relative frequencies were calculated for each bacterial morphotype (coccus, coccobacillus, bacillus, vibrio, filament and spirillum) and biovolume. The relative frequencies of biovolumes and morphotypes were converted into indexes of size diversity (SDI) and morphological diversity (MDI) using the Shannon Index for calculations, and population densities (D) were also estimated. These values were compared with the mean trophic state index (mTSI) calculated for each environment. Among the physical and chemical variables, total phosphorus discriminated most clearly between different trophic states during the studied period, while among biological variables, bacterial population density was the most significant indicator of the trophic state of the environments. The MDI proved to be significantly different between the eutrophic and oligotrophic environments, as well as between the mesotrophic and oligotrophic reservoirs, but not consistently so between the eutrophic and mesotrophic, possibly because of the similarity of the trophic state in the last two. The SDI was found to differentiate significantly between the eutrophic and oligotrophic environments, but not between either of these and the mesotrophic. In the oligotrophic environment there was an extremely significant negative linear correlation (r = - 0.9735, p = 0.001) between mTSI and MDI; this correlation was especially significant with chlorophyll concentration (Chla) but not significant with the other components of the mTSI.
Proposição de um modelo de referência para gestão da qualidade na cadeia de produção de leite e de derivados.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-06)
Scalco, Andréa Rossi
;
Toledo, José Carlos de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
The competitivity and the survival of Brazilian dairy, and consequently the dairy production chain, are conditioned to an improvement of products quality and to competitive production costs. The costumer health can be put in risk due to consumption of products in which the quality characteristics are altered, leading the costumer to not purchase the product again, injuring the company image and its survival. The costs, wastes and flaws are above the acceptable standards.According to the diagnosis made by SCALCO (1999), it was observed that there are significant flaws in the quality management system in the major part of dairy industries studied, compromising the final product quality and generating losses in the production process. Some examples of these flaws are: no preventive technical support for the milk suppliers, strong dependence from the inspection and control of the raw material and the final product, use of labor force not well qualified and distribution control process without quality control. The found flaws are not limited just to the industrial segment; they can be felt all over the production of the milk chain and similar product. Due to the fact of the perishable characteristic of these products, the condition of hygiene and refrigeration should be kept trough the chain. By this, it is justified the elaboration of a model to manage the quality trough this chain; considering its specifications in the search for an effective instrument in the quality coordination. The model essentially consists in a system to coordinate information; identification of the problems and elaboration of improvement plans managed by a coordinating agent. The elaboration of the model is established on bibliographical revision about system and techniques of quality management; agro food chain coordination; field research for the acquaintance of the problems and practices of management and coordination of the quality all over the segment of the milk chain and similar; secondary data about the sector and its quality management. The work presents an illustration of the model, as well as an evaluation of it by the sector specialists. This evaluation has shown that this model can be considered original, clear, adequate to the dairy production chain reality, adaptable to its particularities, it contains necessary elements to coordinate the quality and contribute for the improvement and preservation of the product quality, also reducing costs and losses in its part of the production chain.
A construção da qualificação: um estudo de caso na industria da linha branca.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-06)
Martínez, Mariângela
;
Rachid, Alessandra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6981682198988902
THE QUALIFICATION CONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY IN THE INDUSTRY OF WHITE GOODS seeks to evaluate how the productive restructuring alters the worker's profile in the white goods industry and the perception workers have about it. The restructuring process for which the white goods industry is passing in the last twenty years makes it an object of interest for investigation. With the crisis of theirs original markets, great companies of foreign capital felt the need to reach new markets, mainly in the emerging countries as Latin America, the European East and the Asian Southeast. In Brazil, objective of the expansion of the multinationals, the process of patrimonial rearrange it was characterized by the incorporation of national companies by great foreign groups. The entrance of those multinationals in the Brazilian market intensified the process of productive restructuring refering to production organization, work organizations, changes in job conditions and in qualification demands. Managers and workers of a factory producing cookers were interviewed with the objective of apprehending theirs perception about the changes that took place after a multinational acquired the company. It is analyzed its restructuring process and its main implications for the worker's profile, emphasizing the role of RSI (repetitive strain injury).
Ecofisiologia de plantas lenhosas jovens de cerrado sob irradiâncias contrastantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-07)
Ronquim, Carlos Cesar
;
Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
We evaluated long term responses, such as survivorship, growth, photosynthetic capacity and leaf nutrient content on potted young plants of Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart) Mart. (Bignoniaceae), Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC) Mart. (Bignoniaceae), Anadenanthera falcata Benth. Speg. (Mimosoideae), Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. Coville (Mimosoideae), and Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Caesalpinioideae) growing in open and in shaded area without water stress. The survivorship, biomass accumulation, height and total leaf area were linked with higher photosynthetic capacity on area basis in open area. Shaded young plants showed higher leaf nutrient content on mass basis (g kg-1), lower respiration in dark, and modified the biomass partition presenting greater mean values of leaf area rate, and smaller values of the specific leaf mass. High transitory concentrations of CO2 increased the photosynthetic capacity in both irradiance conditions. However, the largest apparent carboxylation efficiency values were reached in open area. S. adstringens was unable to stay for long period in shade. The leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured during daily courses in Vochysia tucanorum (C.K. Spreng.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) and C. langsdorffii during dry and wet seasons to point out shortterm responses of carbon and water balances. The shade condition provoked higher mortality of V. tucanorum during dry season and imposed environmental constraints for V. tucanorum and C. langsdorffii due to the lower values of leaf water potential (Ψ), net photosynthesis (A) and potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm). The higher C. langsdorffii survivorship in shade seems to be related with fast and high biomass accumulation in root during early growth. The sunflecks that took place under canopies are more effective in the rainy season than dry season for carbon assimilation in C. langsdorffii, and seems to cause photoinhibition in dry period by reason of excessive irradiance intensity and lower Ψ values. A careful characterization of growth and photosynthetic performances of young plants of Cerrado species in contrasting irradiances has provided important understanding of ecological conditions behind natural regeneration in Cerrado domain. It enhances the reliability of forest management methods.
Expressão heteróloga e localização subcelular de seis proteínas possivelmente envolvidas com a Síndrome de Down
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-07)
Justino, Daniela Morilha Néo
;
Silva, Flávio Henrique da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common congenital disease occurring in approximately 1 out of 700 live births. In addition to the full HC21 trisomy, rare individuals with clinically recognized DS have only a partial trisomy, carrying a region common to all patients dubbed as Down Syndrome Critical Region (DSCR). Several genes contained in this portion of the HC21 are probably related to the DS phenotypes. In an attempt to characterize some of the DSCR genes, heterologous expression and subcellular localization analyses were performed for the genes DCRB (DSCR4), c21orf45, c21orf59, c21orf83-2, c21orf 95 and c21orf101. Analyses of the recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli showed that most of them remained in the insoluble fraction. DCRB was expressed as a soluble protein in E. coli Rosetta (DE3), purified and subjected to assays for secondary structure analyses. Also, deletion and site directed mutagenesis as well as the production of polyclonal antisera against DCRB were performed. Subcellular localization analyses revealed that the proteins DCRB, c21orf45, c21orf59 and c21orf83-2 were distributed in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells and that c21orf95 and c21orf101 resided in the nucleus. Considering the lack of information concerning these proteins encoded in the DSCR our results allowed a insight into some of the proteins provably involved in Down syndrome.
Organização e politização do movimento de saúde dos portadores falcêmicos na grande São Paulo - Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-08)
Araújo, Reginaldo Silva de
;
Cardoso, Marina Denise
The principal aim of this research is to look for the normative and political construction of illnesses considered ethnic specific, such as the sickle cell anemia, in the scope of the movements and forms of organization which are representative of certain population groups (in the case, the black movement), as well as in the scope of the politics of public health programs for the attendance of the population that presents the trace of the referring hemoglobin or the proper sickle cell anemia illness. It intends also to study the associations of the Black Movement and the Movement of Specific Illnesses (sickle cell anemia) as they are politically organized and constructing claims together with the governmental services for the attendance of particular demands of health for specific population groups, as it is the case of the preventive care and attention to the health of the carrying patients of the sickle cell anemia. It searches, thus, to know how these movements are interrelated and how they prioritize the guidelines to the improvement of care for the carriers of the sickle cell anemia. The analysis of these forms of organization and political performance would still look for to observe how the construction of the sickle cell anemia as "ethnic illness" or "specific illness" can be an instrument not only for the claims of some population groups towards a specific health care service, but also in which way the proper notion of "ethnic illness" or "specific illness" can become, eventually, a normative construction related to certain political mottos, such as "citizenship" or "racial democracy".
Especificação e implementação de um protocolo tolerante a falhas e de baixa latência para redes de sensores sem fio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-10)
Pazzi, Richard Werner Nelem
;
Araujo, Regina Borges de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
Wireless sensor networks are increasingly being deployed for fine-grain monitoring of physical environments subjected to critical conditions such as fire, leaking of toxic gases and explosions. A great challenge to these networks is to provide a fast, reliable and fault tolerant channel for event propagation. The protocol has to meet the requirements of querybased, event-driven and periodic sensor network application scenarios, even in the presence of emergency conditions that can lead to node failures and path disruption to the sink that receives those events. This paper presents a fault tolerant and low latency routing protocol that meets the sensor networks requirements for critical condition monitoring applications. The algorithm uses the publish/subscribe mechanism and the concept of event driven delivery, a technique that selects the shortest path for the notification of events, reducing latency. Fault tolerance is achieved through the triggering of a local path repair mechanism to find new paths with minimal number of transmissions. The protocol was implemented and simulated in the ns-2 network simulator and compared to the Directed Diffusion paradigm. Relevant metrics, such as end-to-end delay, energy dissipation, and delivery ratio, were evaluated showing that the proposed algorithm can be an adequate solution to meet the strict requirements of information propagation in real-time monitoring applications. An extension of the proposed protocol is also presented. This extension is in phase of implementation and simulation and it is expected to reduce data traffic and, consequently, reduce the energy dissipation. This new solution follows a hierarchical approach to propagate data through the network.
Resolubilidade global para uma classe de campos vetoriais no Toro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-10)
Silva, Paulo Leandro Dattori da
;
Bergamasco, Adalberto Panobianco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7985048857393389
Problemas correntes sobre nucleação, crescimento de cristais e difusão em vidros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-10)
Nascimento, Marcio Luis Ferreira
;
Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
Alterações funcionais e morfológicas do músculo quadríceps induzidas pelo treinamento excêntrico após reconstrução do LCA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-10)
Brasileiro, Jamilsom Simões
;
Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee and its rupture results in pain, instability, muscle atrophy and weakness. The quadriceps femoris muscle dysfunction is common before and after ACL reconstruction and can persist over years. A detailed understanding of neuromuscular function after ACL reconstruction is critical to the development of optimal rehabilitation strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of functional and morphological factors, in the muscle recovery, after ACL reconstruction. The effects of two therapeutic methods, usually utilized to recover muscle strength were also evaluated: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and eccentric exercise. Eight subjects (age = 31.3 ± 5.8 years) who had undergone ACL ligament reconstruction (mean 9.4 ± 0.7 months after the surgery) were randomly assigned to either an eccentric exercise associated with NMES (russian current) or only an eccentric exercise group. Only the involved limb was trained 2 days a week, for 12 weeks. The uninvolved one was also evaluated as reference. The quadriceps muscle function was evaluated by the measurement of the knee extensor torque during isometric and eccentric isokinetic contractions (30 and 120º/s) and by surface electromyography (EMG) of the Vastus Medialis Obliquos (VMO), Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Rectus Femoris (RF) muscles. The quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured in six regions using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI-I). The initial evaluation showed significant extensor torque deficit both in isometric and eccentric conditions of the involved limb, compared to the contralateral one. There was significant muscle atrophy along the quadriceps extension, mainly in the distal thigh region. The EMG activity was lower for the VMO in all tested situations. NMES did not interfere in the gain of muscular strength, in any of the evaluated functions. The eccentric training increased significantly the isometric (from 198 ± 37 to 228 ± 48 Nm, p<0.05) and eccentric torque at 30 and 120º/s (from 227 ± 56 to 291 ± 65, p< 0.01 and from 199 ± 51 to 240 ± 63, p< 0.05, respectively). Quadriceps cross-sectional area also increased at all the evaluated regions for the involved limb, and the highest hypertrophy was at the thigh proximal region (from 169 ± 27 to 189 ± 25,8 cm2, p< 0.01 ), when compared to the distal region (form 31,5 ± 5,9 to 35,1 ± 6,1 cm2, p< 0.01). The EMG activity of VMO was recovered after the first six weeks of eccentric training. In the same period, the increased extensor torque showed correlation with the increased quadriceps cross-sectional area (r=0,81) and with the recovery of motor unit activation (r=0.69). After twelve weeks of training, there was correlation only between increased torque and cross-sectional area (r=0.78). In conclusion: 1) eccentric training showed to be a potent resource in the recovery of both morphological and functional factors of quadriceps, after ACL reconstruction; 2) NEMS did not interfere in the rehabilitation of these individuals.
Estudo sistematico das propriedades termodinâmicas e criticalidade de filmes finos e super-redes magnéticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-10)
Cabral Neto, João dos Santos
;
Souza, José Ricardo de
In this work we will study through the differential operator technique the surface effect in anisotropic spin ½ quantum Heisenberg model, through theory of effective field (EFT), of a two-spins cluster, in case of simple cubic lattice. Those systems are characterized by the existence of the surfaces, thin films and superlattice, or the bulk. Therefore, the exchange interaction, among the nearest-neighboring, depends on the position of the atoms in the lattice: with the existence of surfaces we have for atoms in those plans, exchange interactions Js and in the adjacent plans interaction J. We studied the thermodynamic properties of the quantum metamagnet for the simple cubic lattice. The limit of stability of the phase antiferromagnetic is presented for the ground state (T = 0) and the respective diagrams of phases are analyzed. With the choice of the interlayer coupling interaction different from the existent in the plane (interplane), parameter λ (interaction λJ), we analyzed the influence of the crossover in the dimensionality [2d(λ =10-5) → 3d(λ =1.0)] of the system in the thermodynamic properties with the appearance of an anomaly in magnetic susceptibility. The surface effect in the thermodynamic properties is treated taking the system on thickness film l, with exchange interactions F and AF, where in that last one we applied an external field. We observed the behavior of the thin film in function of the temperature, number of layers, magnetic field and the ratio Js/J. Changing the exchange interaction between the elements and the layers of the thin film, we characterized the system as a magnetic superlattice. We chose four arrangements in the construction of the superlattice: different inter and interlayer ferromagnetic (F) interaction, the same for antiferromagnetic (AF), alternating the layers among F, and alternating superlattice composed of F (with l1 layers) and AF (with l2 layers), where l = l1 + l2 is the thickness of the film, where we observed the influence of the change of the exchange interaction in the thermodynamic properties and in the critical properties. Several phenomena were observed, as for instance, oscillation in the magnetizations and susceptibility for layers in certain values of the temperature and coupling parameters.
O estudo da guerra e a formação da liderança militar brasileira (1996-2004).
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-10)
Oliveira, Tânia Regina Pires de Godoy Torres de
;
Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
This study in the educational field displays the results of the bibliographic, documental and field researches. These were studies about the war through the teaching of Military History as this discipline is taught in the Brazilian Armed Forces schools. It highlights the study of war in History classes, the formation of the war leader in Brazil prepares the soldier for his war performance but this educational orientation has proven insufficient because it does not consider characteristics that are specific to the Brazilian military personnel. That s an educational process that focuses the History of War in a positive way and that does not necessarily prepare the officer for his career in the Brazilian society, a society that is not interested in the topic of Defense. That lack of interest can be explained by the fact that Brazil has rarely run any risks of attack against its territory or its sovereignhood. That s why the people find civical or subsidiary military action to be more important than actions of war. The Army schools programs do not approach polemic topics in the Armed Forces trajectroy in the Brazilian society. That s because our forces have never been on a battlefield. They have mostly done territorial defense and administration. Moreover, it has been involved in both social and political issues. Therefore, its educational formation aims for a performance that will not actually take place in Brazil. It s insufficient for the officer in his actual professional life. To prove our theory, we analyze the politics concerning national defense. These politics have existed since 1996 and we ll also see what they say about military performance and its scarce presence in the teaching-learning process. The element that brings about such analysis is the Military History content because it shows that the civilians society keeps getting more and more estranged from defense issues. Next, we present aspects of Military History in the three Brazilian army schools from 1996 through 2004. We also present its specific features in the teachinglearning process, the orientation for a study of war as an educational element in the preparation of an officer and the way this discipline is regarded by education authorities. We also show the way students of the three Brazilian military schools see Military History, a regular part of their formation, and the way they see their own preparation for the military career. Finally, we reflect upon the political and institutional role of the Brazilian Armed Forces, as it is in the National Defense Policy. We also reflect upon the difficulties to build a program that encloses the multiple functions to be performed by a Brazilian military officer nowadays.
Estratégia tecnológica e desempenho inovador: análise das pequenas e médias empresas produtoras de equipamentos médico-hospitalares de São Carlos e Ribeirão Preto.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-10)
Rieg, Denise Luciana
;
Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
The goal of this thesis is to identify innovation performances and technology strategies (TSs) adopted by medical equipment firms (those that are technology-based firms (TBFs) or not), located in São Carlos and Ribeirão Preto. Two hypotheses were delineated: (1) the medical equipment firms located in São Carlos and Ribeirão Preto that reached higher innovation performances in the last three years, differ from the ones that reached lower innovation performances in the dimensions of their technology strategies; and (2) the medical equipment technology-based firms located in São Carlos and Ribeirão Preto differ from the ones which are not considered as technology-based firms in the dimensions of their technology strategies. In order to analyze those hypotheses, data about TBF status, TS, and innovation performance were collected from thirty nine medical equipment producers located in São Carlos and Ribeirão Preto. An structured questionnaire was utilized for this purpose. The analysis of this information shows that the technology strategies adopted by the medical equipment firms that reached higher innovation performances are different in many aspects from the ones adopted by those that reached lower innovation performances. There are also differences between the TSs adopted by the medical equipment technology-based firms and the TSs adopted by those which are not considered as technology-based firms. Regarding the firms which reached higher and lower innovation, some indications were obtained that larger investments in internal activities of research and development and in external sources of technology, larger dedication to technology forecasting, and development of a wide portfolio of product and process technologies have allowed the firms to reach larger innovation performances. Regarding TBFs and Not-TBFs, it was observed that the TBFs have worked for the enlargement of their innovation and acquisition capacities of product technologies. Examples of their efforts: (1) large investments in internal R&D activities destined to innovations in product; (2) the number of engineers and scientists allocated to these activities; (3) the amount of key product technologies that those firms have; and (4) their large dedication to technology forecasting, etc. On the other hand, there were indications that N-TBFs (when they carry out some technological effort) dedicate themselves to the enlargement of their operation and adaptation capacities to operate their facilities more efficiently.