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Dispersão dielétrica em materiais ferroelétricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-13)
Guerra, José de Los Santos
;
Eiras, José Antônio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6653223814715498
In the last decades, the high frequency dielectric response has been one of the most studied issues in the ferroelectricity area. The main dielectric characteristic is the strong dependence of the dielectric parameters (real and imaginary component of the dielectric permittivity) with the measuring frequency (dielectric dispersion). Among them, the perovskite-structured family, such as barium titanate (BaTiO3), pure and modified lead zirconate titanate (PZT and PLZT, respectively), and some others similar compounds can be emphasised. In order to explain such phenomenon some theoretical models have been proposed, nevertheless a major discussion about the true mechanism responsible for the microwave dielectric dispersion remains still open. In this work, a pressurecontrolled sample holder for microwave dielectric measurements is presented. The experimental set-up involves a coaxial line coupled to a pressure-controlled sample holder able to obtain the dielectric characterization as a function of the temperature. On the other hand, the microwave dielectric dispersion process was investigated in the relaxor and normal ferroelectric composítions of lanthanum modified lead titanate ceramics. The obtained results were discussed concerning a damped harmonic oscillator, considering the vibration of the boundaries of the polar regions, independently of their structure, as the mechanism responsible for the high frequency dielectric anomalies (dielectric dispersion and resonance) in ferroelectric systems.
Métodos exatos baseados em relaxação lagrangiana e surrogate para o problema de carregamento de paletes do produtor.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-13)
Oliveira, Lilian Kátia de
;
Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
The purpose of this work is to develop exact methods, based on Lagrangean and Surrogate relaxation, with good performance to solve the manufacturer s pallet loading problem. This problem consists of orthogonally arranging the maximum number of rectangles of sizes (l,w) and (w,l) into a larger rectangle (L,W) without overlapping. Such methods involve a tree search procedure of branch and bound type and they use, in each node of the branch and bound tree, bounds derived from Lagrangean and/or Surrogate relaxations of a 0-1 linear programming formulation. Subgradient optimization algorithms are used to optimize such bounds. Problem reduction tests and Lagrangean and Surrogate heuristics are also applied in the subgradient optimization to obtain good feasible solution. Computational experiments were performed with instances from the literature and also real instances obtained from a carrier. The results show that the methods are able to solve these instances, on average, more quickly than other exact methods, including the software GAMS/CPLEX.
Preparação, caracterização e estudos termoanalíticos de bases de Schiff biopoliméricas e seus complexos de cobre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-13)
Santos, José Estrela dos
;
Cavalheiro, Éder Tadeu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4745280891704797
The present work is divided in three parts. The first part deals with the purification and characterization of commercial chitosan from different suppliers. The second part describes the synthesis and characterization of biopolymeric Schiff bases obtained of chitosan. The Schiff bases were obtained from the condensation chitosan ( DA= 90%) with salicylaldehyde and its 5-bromo, 5-chloro, 5-nitro, 5-methyl, 5-methoxy sallicylaldehyde derivatives in acidic medium. Using the data obtained in the spectra of 1H NMR of the Schiff bases, it was determined the Mean Degree of Substitution ( DS ). The Mean Degree of Substitution ( DS ) ranged from 4.6% to 68.5% depending on the R group. The most substituted Schiff bases (highly DS ) has been used to obtain copper complexes. All the products were characterized by elemental analysis, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). SEM photomicrographs was obtained with the purpose of verifying in morphologic changes in the biopolymerics Schiff bases as well as the copper complexes obtained from these bases in relation to starting chitosan. In a third stage, it was investigated the thermal behavior of biopolymerics Schiff bases and with the starting chitosan. An evaluation of the hydration and of thermal decomposition of chitosan and of the biopolymerics Schiff bases was accomplished using Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The chitosan TG curves under N2 presented two mass losses representing dehydration and decomposition of the polymer. Under air an additional step was observed due to the burnning of carbonaceous material. The biopolymeric Schiff bases decomposed in three steps: dehydration, decomposition and burnning of the carbonaceous residue in air. In both cases the DSC curves agreeded with the thermal events described by the TG curves.
Contribuição ao estudo dos mecanismos envolvidos na aglomeração esférica de sólidos em suspensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-13)
Aldeia, Wagner
;
Giulietti, Marco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7703659740618915
This work was developed with the objective of to improve the state of the technique of spherical agglomeration of solids in suspension and to promote a progress in the necessary knowledge for its exploration in larger scale. We studied the agglomeration of salicylic acid crystals obtained from the reaction of sodium salicylate and sulfuric acid. The agglomeration was promoted using chloroform as bridging liquid, that was introduced in the solution immediately after the precipitation of crystals, the agglomeration being monitored by measurement of the suspension turbidity. The effect of variables as temperature, flow rate of chloroform feed, agitation and solid concentration on the following product properties were investigated: granulometric distribution, flowability, real and apparent densities, mechanical resistance, residual solvent, porosity and morphology. The results of this study allowed the identification of a new mechanism of agglomeration of solids from suspension and the possibility of controlling the process, in order to provide particles of a great variety of sizes, depending on the average size of the original crystals and according to the requirements of the final product application.
Seletividade da Clinoptilolita natural por metais tóxicos em sistemas aquosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-13)
Fernández, Juan Carlos Torres
;
Gubulin, José Carlos
Natural zeolites are the most important inorganic cationic exchangers exhibiting high ion exchange capacity, selectivity and environment compatibility. Heavy metals are well known for toxicity and their disposal is a significant industrial waste problem. The goal of this work was directed to evaluate the selectivity of a purified homo-ionic clinoptilolite mineral for aqueous Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Na+ ions at 0,005 eq/L and 303 K, interpreted through the application of empirical thermodynamic models to the zeolite phase (Margules, Van Laar, Wilson) coupled with a well established ion-interaction approach for the electrolyte solution (Pitzer). The present study considered the following stages: (1) adsorbent material: preparation and characterization; (2) aqueous solutions: nitrates of sodium, lead, zinc and copper; (3) equilibration of weighed amounts of homo-ionic clinoptilolite with a series of solutions containing the two competing cations; (4) analysis for aqueous cations by AAE; (5) construction of the equilibrium points; isotherm analysis; (6) test for thermodynamic reversibility; (7) empirical models for the zeolite phase (admitted as a solid solution) jointed to the ion-interaction model chosen for the aqueous solution; (8) equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy for the ion-exchange reactions; phenomenological interpretation of the thermodynamic parameters obtained by means of the application of empirical models to the zeolite phase. The above procedure was, in the same way, followed for the ternary systems. The results obtained in this work shown that the empirical models adopted for the solid phase coupled to Pitzer s model for the activity coefficients in the electrolyte solution describe successfully the binary ion-exchange equilibria. The calculated equilibrium constant and the corresponding Gibbs free energy for each binary-exchange reaction resulted in a selectivity sequence, at the normality and temperature of this study, easily deduced as: 2 2 2 Pb Na Cu Zn + + + + > > . Besides, the parameters estimated applying the Margules , Van Laar s and Wilson s equations for cations in the solid binary mixture resulted in useful values quantifying adequately the cation zeolite framework interactions, thus, an alternative way to interpret the adsorbent selectivity from the charge and cationic radius effect. The ternary parameters obtained applying multi-component empirical models do not explain properly the non-ideality of ions in a solid mixture containing more than two components. This is in accordance with the results encountered in a number of publications on crystal structure of heulandite-group zeolites: these aluminosilicates are found to contain crystallographically distinct set of sites throughout the exchanger framework and that normally each set of sites is partially populated by the exchanging ions. As a consequence, activity coefficients for a multi-component exchange reaction cannot be predicted from appropriate binary data for a heterogeneous exchanger, since the phenomenological binary coefficients are complicated functions of each site set, population and composition, and both these properties will change on introducing other species of ion in the exchanger. In this sense, and from what were obtained here, is believed that multi-component solid phase nonideality must, at least, be interpreted through the application of statistical thermodynamic models considering the energetic heterogeneity of a number of site set and the charge density of the specific zeolite framework.
Mini-fábrica: uma nova proposta de arranjo produtivo e organizacional híbrido em uma empresa do setor eletroeletrônico.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-13)
Rotta, Ivana Salvagni
;
Grün, Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1366592110711803
This thesis is concerned to the structure of a productive and organizational arrangement the mini-factory (MF) and its related concepts. A local subsidiary of an electronics multinational corporation was analysed, considering the main characteristics of the mini-factory. The thesis analysed the initial project for the mini-factory, its planning and implementation, the main changes and adaptations along the years, and the way that the mini-factory concept is used more recently by the company. The thesis also analysed the mini-factory impacts and contributions for the work groups and the qualification processes, focusing both people and organization. A case study research was developed, including interviews and data research, considering three distinctive periods of study. The variety of data collected supported the analysis of several important characteristics of the company and the way it works. The main results of this thesis show that the arrangement studied, called mini-factory by the company, is, actually, a new hybrid productive and organizational arrangement, that integrates characteristics of the mini-factory original concept with the related concepts. The results indicate that the adaptation processes, made during the years by the company, developed an arrangement different from those described by the other companies and even by the literature. These identified characteristics had been crucial for the good results achieved by the company and, nowadays, it is considered an example for the other subsidiaries of this multinational corporation.
Avaliação da qualidade da água do rio Manguaba, estado de Alagoas, Brasil, com ênfase na comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-13)
Freitas, Liriane Monte
;
Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
The Manguaba river basin is located in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. It has an estimated area of 352 km2 and it drains part of the counties of Novo Lino, Jundiá, Porto Calvo, Japaratinga and Porto de Pedras. Since the riverhead, visible anthropic interferences can be detected. The river crosses rural zones (where sugar-cane crops predominate), as well as urban areas. With the aim of evaluate the environmental conditions of this river, and considering the regional context, this thesis is the first study in the State of Alagoas on benthic macroinvertebrates carried out in fluvial environment. The different anthropic activities developed along the river was the criterium to establish seven stations for collection purposes, that were plotted between 08º59 S - 35º42 W e 09º04 S - 35º22 W. The samples were collected on rainy and dry season, during 2001 and 2002. Samples of superficial water and bottom sediments were used for abiotic analyses. Fauna samples were done to study qualitative and quantitative features. Four higher groups were detected, with 76 taxonomic categories. Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera), with 28 genera, was the most important among the 44 families identified. Larvae of Chironomidae, Oligochaeta (Tubificidae, Naididae), Hirudinea (Glossiphoniidae) and Mollusca (mainly Thiaridae) overtopped in high density and occurrence. Among Chironomidae Procladius and Chironomus were dominant in the area of the riverhead and Polypedilum (Tripodura) was an important group all along the river. Diversity and evenness indices indicated low to medium values. The similarity analysis and multivariate correspondence analysis distinguished the riverhead from the other sampling stations. Among the last ones, the results indicated higher impacts at on the stations near urban areas. This could be confirmed by the faunistic composition of taxonomic groups known as tolerant.
O uso do system dynamics em um modelo de apoio a comercialização: uma aplicação à agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-13)
Faulin, Evandro Jacóia
;
Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de
The family farmers play an important role in the Brazilian agricultural production. However, even though they occupy a prominent position in the agricultural production in Brazil, there are not management techniques specifically suitable to family farmers. Focusing on commercialization and vertical coordination, this dissertation has as main objective the development of management prescriptions related to procurement and marketing activities undertaken by family farmers. Computational simulation, based on System Dynamics methodology, was the main instrument to support procurement and marketing decisions. Interviews with thirty three vegetables family farmers and five of their main suppliers, all located in the region of São Carlos SP, provided the real data for the design of the computational model. The empirical research revealed that family farmers do not plan procurement and marketing appropriately, although they manage to compete with non-family production. The use of governance structures based on trust seems to be the main cause of their survival and success. The simulation based on System Dynamics helped the design of models that represent and help the decision making related the procurement and marketing by family farmers.
A política municipal de habitação na cidade de Santos – SP na década de 1990
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-14)
Braga, Rosana Aló Maluza
;
Francisco, José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9578662465540379
This paper aims to show the governmental action on the Housing Municipal Policy implementation on the 1990´s within Santos City, São Paulo State. To do so, it was made a research about the Federal Housing Policy on the BHN period and also on the posterior period till 2000 in order to verify the trajectory of the federal policy on the housing field. The Municipal Housing Policy conquered special importance after the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution when the Federal Government gave to the municipalities the responsibility for their own urban policies. Within this research, we aim to present the factors that influenced the formulation and implementation process and the results of such policy in this period. We presented this policy content on three distinct administrations associated with the instruments which made the implementation possible: The ZEIS law – Special Zones for Social Interest, the FINCOHAP – Popular Housing Construction Incentive Fun, Municipal Housing Council and the Municipal Housing Conferences. This choice for Santos City is due to the master student has been a participant person on the Santos Housing Policy process. The used methodology was based on gaining information through out the hypotheses made for this research. It has been verified, with this study, that Federal Government on the BNH age had the same housing policy for many Brazilian cities, not considering the specificities of each one, conceiving resources for housing constructions. On the post 1988 Constitution period, the municipalities began an autonomy process of their urban politics. On the Housing field, the Federal Government gave the responsibility for the federative institutions in order to formulate their policies without conceiving resources. Generalizing, so these new policies let the cities economically dependent on the Federal Government which don’t have federal channel to redirect resources like for Health and Education, making impossible the municipality to supply its housing deficit by their own.
Efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade em780nm sobre a performance muscular aeróbica de ratos em treinamento físico em esteira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-14)
Vieira, Wouber Hérickson de Brito
;
Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
The purpose of this study was to evaluate relative the physiological adaptation the activities of enzymes Lactate Dehidrogenase LDH (glycolytic) e Citrate Synthase CS (oxidative) and to the Anaerobic Threshold (AT), to the exercise in treadmill in rats submitted to the photostimulation for low-intensity laser (780 ηm) in the main participant muscles of the march. Fifty-four male Wistar rats had been part of the study. These animals were divided in four groups: Two had remained in rest (1) GRC, being one of them irradied (2) GRL, and other two were submitted to an aerobic treadmill training program during 5 weeks and to a multistage treadmill test of increasing intensity (3) GEC, being one of them irradied (4) GEL. The irradiation for infra-red laser (780 ηm) was made daily in number of four (quadriceps, maximum glúteo, soleus, tibialis anterior) in each back leg of the animals, totalizing 8 applications for animal/day, using (dose, 3,8 J/cm2; power, 15 mW; time, 10 s, continuous) during 5 weeks consecutives. The multistage treadmill tests of increasing intensity were made once a week totalizing 5 evaluation, in order to obtain blood samples for determination of the AT. In the analyses electrophoretics and spectrophotometic of the LDH and CS muscles samples (soleus, TA and cardiac) were removed 48 hours after the last exercise bout. The laser to promote increase in the oxidative metabolism of 2% a 78%, the exercise of 18% a 75%, and action combined of 43% a 92%; Apparent systemic action of the laser was detected in cardiac muscle with increase in the activity of the CS and reduction of the LDH. The group GEC and GEL showed increase in the maximum speed, in the speed corresponding to the AT and a trend reduction of the blood lactate concentration during the training period. However, no significant difference occurred between two groups though the GEL had shown higher values. These data suggest that the aerobic treadmill-training partner to the low-intensity laser can to promote physiological adaptation in the direction of increase oxidative capacity in the animals, represented by increase of the CS, reduction of the LDH and by the higher degree of effort to reach the Anaerobic Threshold. This similarity has a utility therapeutic practical.
Incorporação e apropriação dos resultados de uma intervenção ergonômica: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-14)
Cockell, Fernanda Flavia
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
The recent changes in the work s world have modified and amplified the performance field of the ergonomics. Through a brief methodological discussion about the Ergonomic Work Analysis and a bibliographical revision about undertaken ergonomic interventions, it was verified that the results of work transformation through Ergonomic Work Analysis not always will be positive. Consequently, this work had an objective of analyzing an ergonomic intervention accomplished in a powdered detergent company, due to understand how ergonomic actions are incorporated for the different social actors and how the company, through the management, could appropriate of the results in behalf of the production. The process of activity transformation of the Vincador, from the initial demand for recommendations implemetation and validation, as well as the established social relationships and the Vincadores roles, managers, Internal Committee of Ergonomics and the company were analyzed under the Ergonomic Work Analysis point of view. The results showed that Vincadores work rhythm has increased after the ergonomic recommendations implemetation as a consequence of management s appropriation of regulations margins, whose intention was to increase the process effectiveness without considering the balance between health versus productivity. The non-incorporation of the activity point of view helped, therefore, that changes of interests, values and the involved actors logic s, lead to commitment break, before firmed among those, turning the new situation noxious for the Vincadores health.
O processo de agenda-setting na reforma da administração pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-15)
Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
;
Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
This thesis aims to analyze the process of policy formulation for public management reform during Fernando Henrique Cardoso s tenure (1995-2002), while grasping the scope within which this issue gave rise to national State Reform. To this end, we have used agenda-setting theoretical models that highlight the dynamics behind the ideas and the symbolic representation surrounding policy making, as well as empirical data garnered from the main state publications released during this period. Agenda-setting was studied in terms of the principal line of thought on Brazilian government and public administration, by analyzing the definition of the problems as presented by the government and the solutions chosen by the creators of reformist policy. These ideas, jointly with the analysis of political and institutional structures during the Cardoso government, allow us to understand how this issue rose in importance until they became a component of the government s agenda.
A inspeção do trabalho no governo FHC: uma análise sobre a política de fiscalização do trabalho.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-15)
Miguel, Antonia Celene
;
Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
Through the analysis of the politics of fiscalization of the in the period fhc, we show that the labor inspection is an important actor for the agreement of the labor market as a normative space. The actions of the labor inspection display the labourite guide lines delineated and decided accordant the labourite politics applied by the labor ministry each government.
Existência de soluções estacionárias estáveis para equações de reação-difusão com condição de fronteira de Neumann não-linear: condições necessárias e condições suficientes.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-15)
Moura, Renato José de
;
Nascimento, Arnaldo Simal do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609243657130387
In this work we consider some nonlinear reaction-difusion equations with nonlinear Neumann boundary condition. The objective is to present conditions on the geometry of the domain, as well as on the reaction and diffusion terms, for the existence of stationary stable nonconstant solutions which develop internal and superﬁcial transition layers. The main tools used are Gamma-convergence of functionals, variational techniques and results of dynamical systems in inﬁnite dimension.
Trabalho de graduação interdisciplinar (TGI): origens e problematização da proposta implantada em 1971 na Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAU/USP).
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-15)
Malacrida, Sérgio Augusto
;
Buffa, Ester
The subject of this research is the Interdisciplinary Graduation Work the Brazilian Final Works Modality of the Architecture Course implanted in 1971 by Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (School of Architecture and Urbanism of São Paulo University) (FAU/USP) it s remote origin and the formulation of the proposed model by architect and teacher Hélio de Queiroz Duarte, at that period teacher and coordinator of the 5th year course. He objectified the study of TGI because of it s presumed importance in teaching architecture and urbanism in Brazil, the influence of it s conception base of the Final Graduation Work (TFG), actual instrument adopted by the country s courses in this area, through Portaria/Mec 1779/94. In the XIVth century, yet in the medieval corporations, it was possible to identify a work of the final qualification moment of the training course ministered in the workshops; the Masterpiece of the future mechanical art s master, more precisely that of construction. However, the First academic final work of Architecture s Course developed in a formalized teaching was identified in the XVIIIth Century in the Royal Academy of Architecture (Academia Real de Arquitetura) later incorporated to the Fine Art s School (Escola de Belas Artes) of Paris: Rome s Grand Award. The model, consecratory of the Greek/Roman style and of classic ideals, inspired the Travel Awards to Italy, which crown the best works of the Fine Art s School of Rio de Janeiro, founded in 1816, with the arrival of the Royal Family and of the French Mission, part of which was the higher course of Brazilian architects formation beginning from 1826. Another Final Work identified was the Diplomation Test from the Special Architect School in Paris, founded in 1865 influenced by the School of Engineering (Escola Politecnica) which model of teaching opposed that of Fine Arts, proving to be more modern in the use of new technologies and available materials. This model influenced also the modernization of architecture and Urbanism teaching, in Brazil. In 1847, was created the Engineering School of Rio de Janeiro and in 1894 that of São Paulo, with the graduation course of engineer/architect. This course culminates with the creation, in 1948, of the Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (School of Architecture and Urbanism of São Paulo University) (FAU/USP) separating the architecture and urbanism courses from that of engineering. The Engineering School, however, presented 5th year works with a classical tendency. In FAU, the pursuit for autonomy echoed in FAU, reflected in the Debate Forum of the 60 decade and the implantation of TGI in the 70 decade. The investigated Course s Final Works of Architecture turned out to be academical, social/historical instruments, representing teaching models, the schools that instituted them and the implantation context. They work as a passport for professionalization, actually conferred by the diploma. The study of the TGI model proposed by Helio de Queiroz Duarte and by the implantation model adapted by FAU/USP brought a light to the principles of the institution of the Final Works of the Brazilian Course of Architecture and Urbanism in its search for a modern teaching, basically turned to academical, technological sociological and construction questions which indicate the professionalization. In this sense, it serves as an element of study for the future reorganization of TFG.
Escola Técnica Paulino Botelho e SENAI São Carlos: formando trabalhadores para uma sociedade sem empregos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-16)
Pinheiro, Luciane Cristina
;
Tagliavini, João Virgílio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1979817459932992
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8687599935573615
In this dissertation, an analysis of the three last decades of the 20th century was done, with an emphasis in the trial of productive reconstruction and the new liberalism reforms and its impact in the education, especially to the workers technical-professional formation. In that sense we are going to show that the real capitalism lives a moment of structural crisis, what carries its ideologists and spokesmen of the status quo. It will create powerful ideologies that decree the “end of the history”, give “good-bye to the proletariat” and celebrate a new society, the “society of knowledge”. The direct impact of such ideologies in the education has been the need of its attribute to the schools, especially to the technical education and the formation of new persons, who will be: supportive, adaptive, participative, autonomous, creative. In short, more connive with the needs of the output capitalist and of the new social pact that encloses itself at the present. In a society marked by massive unemployment, precarious actions of the relations of work, misery increase, intolerance, drugs trafficking, and mainly, in a moment of structural crisis of the capitalism, we look to attribute to the individual, the continuous capacity of adaptabilities of a deeply uneven society, substantiated in antagonizing and conflicting classes. The new face of theory of the human capital, the employability, upon transferring to the individual the gross responsibility about the “management of his career”, ends up conferring him the obligation to be capable to resolve conflicts of any dimension, from structural unemployment to the problems of social and political order. We show that such ideologies are barely going to guarantee the permanence of the society of bourgeois classes, as well as, upon legitimizing a perverse social order, the alienates and the excluded, make it possible of any radical change in any given situation. We also demonstrate that today, capitalism only can continue existing upon shielding itself under strong stateowned protection, or rather, the State became, “real”, in the beginning of this century, “the armed arm of the bourgeois”.
Desenvolvimento e aplicação de algoritmos adaptativos de busca tabu para a resolução de Problemas de Roteamento de Veículos Periódicos (PRVP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-16)
Hallal, Renato
;
Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
This research consists of the development of algorithms to solve the Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem (PVRP), wich has not received a great deal of attention in the O.R. literature. The objective of the PVRP is to elaborate a set of routes to attend to customers demand along a planning horizon. Each customer roquests that the visits occur in a combination predefined of days. Two heuristics were developed for the PVRP. In the first heuristic, three types of initial solution construction are used to attribute the customers to days. After that, visiting day combinations are changed in order to improvr the solution. The search process is controlled by an adaptative tabu heuristic from the literature which determines intensification and diversification actions, applied for each day in the period. The second heuristic incorporates a similar approach for the period as a whole. Computacional results show that this approach leads to good solution.
Mapeamento preliminar de áreas urbanas de inundação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-16)
Suleiman, Hélio César
;
Barbassa, Ademir Paceli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781
Nowadays, the quest for solutions to urban problems that affect population quality of life cannot ignore the concepts of inundation and flood in urban areas, which are frequently seen in a number of cities within the country and, whenever reaching crowded areas, bring considerable damage that is, on its turn, irreparable due to the loss of human lives. The proposed methodology was reached with the objective of providing a computational tool to outline areas with higher or lower risk of flood for planning a draining system and urban use. The hydrodynamic propagation model has been developed by using the MacCormack explicit scheme, making it possible to be applied to urban channels. In the case of inundations, corresponding plates and sections are recorded for further generating the inundation preliminary map with the aid of a topographic software. Tests focused on hydrodynamic propagation in a real channel, stream of the Retiro Saudoso, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, having a map representing a estimative flooding area. The final outcome of this work might be used as part of a decision-making support system for authorities to estimate and to map flood along a channel.
Efeitos do exercício contínuo moderado (5 ou 2 dias consecutivos por semana) sobre variáveis do metabolismo lipídico e área de adipócitos em ratos adultos normo e hipercolesterolêmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-16)
Guerra, Ricardo Luís Fernandes
;
Dâmaso, Ana Raimunda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8198400959291700
Exercise has been prescribed in the treatment and control of dyslipidemias and cholesterolemia; however, lipid responses to different training frequencies in hypercholesterolemic adult males have been inconsistent. METHODS: We sought to verify if different frequencies of continuous moderate exercise (5 or 2 consecutive days/week, 90 min., swimming) can, after 8 weeks, promote similar adaptations in adipocyte area (retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues) and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol), as well as metabolic lipid pathways in normo and hypercholesterolemic adult male rats. Normal chow or hypercholesterolemic diet (1% cholesterol plus 0.25% cholic acid) were freely given during 8 weeks to the rats, which were divided in sedentary or exercised in either 5 or 2 consecutive days/week groups. RESULTS: Exercise frequencies of both 5 and 2 consecutive days/week promoted, mainly in hypercholesterolemic diet rats, important benefits such as: reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides, increased HDL-c fraction, decreased body weight gain, reduced retroperitoneal and epididymal lipogenesis and relative weights, reductions in adipocyte areas as well as relative increase in lipolysis and relative decrease in leptin concentrations. However, the effects of 5days/week exercise were more pronounced compared with those of 2 consecutive days/week training which, however, also proved effective as well in the hypercholesterolemic situations, confirming the importance of these exercise protocols in controlling dyslipidemias and obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that moderate continuous exercise, 5 or 2 consecutive days/week, can result in similar positive adaptations in adipocyte areas, lipid parameters and metabolic lipid pathways in hypercholesterolemic adult male rats.
Preparação e caracterização de compósitos de polianilina (DMcT Cu(II)) / fibra de carbono como catodos em baterias secundárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-17)
Canobre, Sheila Cristina
;
Biaggio, Sonia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
The composites were obtained by cyclic voltammetry and the incorporation of Cu(II) to the Pani(DMcT) / C fiber composite was carried out by two methods: A) Cu(II) added to the polymerization electrolyte along with the aniline, and B) Cu(II) and DMcT adsorbed onto the carbon fiber for 12 h, in a step previous to the electropolymerization. The comparison of complex-plane diagrams obtained at 0.2 V for the composites prepared by method B and for the pure poli(DMcT) film showed that the values of the charge transfer resistance are significantly smaller for the composites; on the other hand, at 0.2 V the composites presented greater pseudocapacitance values than the pure poli(DMcT) film due to their porous and homogeneous morphology. The experimental discharge capacity for this composite in 1 M LiClO4 in propylene carbonate was 110 mA h g-1, with a coulombic efficiency of 100%, and 165 mA h g-1 in a jellified polymeric electrolyte (κ = 1,8.10-3 S cm-1), with a coulombic efficiency of 100% after 20 charge/discharge cycles, indicating that both materials (Pani and poli(DMcT)) remained active during the charge and discharge processes. The good stability and reversibility characteristics of the redox reactions of this composite are due to the presence of Cu(II) and the sulfur of the thiol group, which were detected by XPS. The discharge capacities of the bilayer Ppy- PSS- / Pani / C fiber and Pani / Ppy-PSS- / C fiber electrodes, obtained after 20 cycles in the charge and discharge tests, were approximately 225 mA h g-1, with a coulombic efficiency of 100%, and 60 mA h g-1, with a coulombic efficiency of 29%, respectively. Once the cathode (obtained by method B) and anode (Ppy-PSS- / Pani / C fiber) materials were chosen, along with the polymeric electrolyte analyzed, the main objective of this thesis project became feasible: realization of charge and discharge tests of a battery made only of polymeric materials (cathode, anode and electrolyte). The cell potential of this battery was only 0.68 V, which lead to the low value of the energy density of 148 W h g-1. However, the battery presented a high initial value of the discharge capacity, 129 mA h g-1, after 3 cycles, with a coulombic efficiency of about 100%.