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Restauração das imagens do satélite CBERS-1 utilizando POCS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Papa, João Paulo; Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
The number of applications in remote sensing has widely increased in the last years. The reason for this is mainly the high quality of imaging systems onboard. Among this new generation of satellites, the CBERS-1 (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) was developed through a partnership between Brazil and China, and its main mission is to capture high-resolution images of the Earth using panchromatic and multispectral detectors. However, the information provided by remote sensing needs to be processed to better reflect the radiometric quality of the data, using for this purpose a technique called image restoration. The main goal of image restoration is the reconstruction or recovery of the degraded image using some a priori knowledge of the degradation phenomenon. In this work we developed five image restoration algorithms based on the theory of convex projections, which were obtained through the CBERS-1 band 2 CCD sensor. These algorithms are based on the application of restrictions in convex sets form, through the POCS (Projections Onto Convex Sets) method, where the intersection among these sets, if it exists, gives a satisfactory solution for the problem. The simulations were developed using the RAP (Row-Action Projections), the SIRT (Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) and an algorithm that uses prototype image constraints, which were obtained by the methods cited above and by the MIF (Modified Inverse Filter). The results were visually and numerically evaluated.
Efeitos do envelhecimento e da osteoporose na cifose torácica, na propriocepção e no torque dos músculos do tronco.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Granito, Renata Neves; Oishi, Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1417328590472858
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging and osteoporosis on thoracic kyphosis degree, on extensors and flexors trunk muscles torque and on proprioception. Moreover, this study investigated the possible correlation among the variables studied in this work. It was evaluated 40 voluntary women, divided in four distinct groups: Young Group (10 women) aged between 20 and 30 years old, Adult Group (10 women) aged between 40 and 50 years old, Old Group (10 women) aged more than 60 years old and Osteoporotic Group (10 women) aged the same as the previous group, however with diagnosis of osteoporosis on spine. The volunteers were submitted to a previous interview, to a bone densitometry to quantify the bone mineral density of lumbar spine and to an x-ray of the thoracic spine in lateral view to verify the thoracic kyphosis degree. Moreover, the volunteer were submitted to a proprioception evaluation and to the isokinetic test of the trunk muscles, both performed on the BIODEX SYSTEM 3 equipment. Data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0, 05). The results showed that thoracic kyphosis degree was significantly greater in the Osteoporotic Group, followed by the Old Group, Adult and the Young Group. It was found a significant reduction on the trunk extensor torque imposed by ageing and aggravated by osteoporosis. The ageing process was still responsible for a reduction on the trunk flexor torque, but this condition was not exacerbated by osteoporosis. The extensor torque was greater than the flexor, during both eccentric and concentric contractions, in both velocities of the isokinetic test. However, there were no significant differences between the groups on the extensor and flexor torque relation. The older volunteers, with and without osteoporosis, showed a greater proprioceptive deficit than the younger volunteers. It was found a significant negative correlation between bone mineral density with kyphosis degree and positive correlation between mineral density and trunk extensor torque. The thoracic kyphosis degree showed a negative correlation with the trunk extensor torque and a positive correlation with age and proprioceptive deficit. This study concluded that the physiologic aging process is responsible for an increased thoracic kyphosis, a reduction of the extensor and flexor trunk torques and a reduction of the proprioceptive sensibility. The osteoporosis amplifies the increase in thoracic kyphosis and the reduction on the trunk extensor torque imposed by age. However, the osteoporosis does not have any effect on the aging reduction of flexor torque of trunk muscles and on proprioceptive deficit.
Ensino de discriminações condicionais por imitação: efeitos de dois arranjos de apresentação de tentativas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Sella, Ana Carolina; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
Imitation can be defined, in general terms, as the similarity of behavior between two organisms when the response topography of one, the imitator, is similar to nd controlled by the behavior of the other, the demonstrator. Along the years there has been a lot of controversies involving imitation`s conceptualizations and discussions on how it is produced and maintained. Some authors say that imitation, as any other behavior, needs to be directly reinforced in all its instancies to be established and maintained. Other authors emphasize the need of only some responses being reinforced, thus generalizing to others. Independently of the presence of direct reinforcement, imitation has been used as a teaching technique for many behaviors. Most behaviors that are taught through imitation are simple motor behaviors. Researches that use imitation as a teaching technique for complex behavior, such as conditional discrimination, are still new and raise lots of questions for investigation. One of these questions is the possible influence of trial arrangements on the participants` performance, when analyzing numbers of session to criterion. Research protocols on teaching conditional discriminations through imitation present, unsystematically, either one trial to the observer execute after each one presented by the demonstrator, or many trials to be executed by the demonstrator, for then, the observer do his. In this study, it was tried to compare these trials arrangements systematizing two protocols to be used with all subjects. Each set of pairs of conditional relations (BA or CA) was taught in either one of these ways: 1) for each trial demonstrated by the demonstrator, the observer executed one; 2) for each block of trials demonstrated, the participant executed another block of trials. Another difference from the protocols that have already been studied, was the presence o some identity trials with programmed consequences during the arbitrary matching training. As general results, all participants learned the conditional discriminations programmed by the study (BA and CA) and showed the emergence of equivalence classes. independently of trial arrangement and without planned consequences for the trials. This learning may be result of generalized imitative responses that could be maintained through other reinforced imitative responses that were not the arbitrary conditional discriminations (BA and CA). The large number of trials needed to criteria, may, however derive from this lack of reinforcement. In quantitative terms, trial arrangements did not result in different performance. However, data show that, when the trials were presented in an alternate way, the participant s behavior seemed to be only under the control of the comparison stimuli chosen by the demonstrator, without attending to the sample stimuli. Even though the results obtained by the two types of trial presentation were quantitatively similar, questions were raised on which trial arrangement would establish the best stimulus control when imitation is used as a teaching technique. This issue is specilly important because the better established the stimulus control is, the more effective is the conditional discrimination learning.
Atividade elétrica dos estabilizadores dinâmicos da patela no exercício de agachamento associado a diferentes posições do quadril em indivíduos normais e portadores de síndrome da dor femoropatelar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Say, Karina Gramani; Pedro, Vanessa Monteiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4302307099019276; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrical activity of the Vastus Medialis Obliquus (VMO), Vastus Lateralis Obliquus (VLO) and Vastus Lateralis Longus (VLL) in the isometric wall slide squat exercise at 45 and 60º knee flexion associated in a neutral position (NP), 45º of lateral rotation (LR 45), 15º of medial rotation (MR 15) and 30º hip medial rotation (MR 30) only in the 45o angle. The electrical activity of the VMO, VLO and VLL of 15 healthy subjects control group (21,13 ± 2,17 years) and 12 subjects with Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) PFPS group (21,08 ± 2,31 years), female, was picked up using simple active differential surface electrode, the electromyography system of 8 channels and software Aqdados 7.2.6. The data were normalized by the percentage of the squatting exercise at 75º flexion and hip in neutral position RMS (µV). The volunteers executed the exercise on the Squat Platform that permitted the standing on the hip rotation desirable and the electrogoniometer indicated the amplitude of knee flexion. The ANOVA with repeated measures was used to analyze the data as well as the Duncan pos hoc (p≤0,05). The results of this study revealed no significant interaction between any knee angulation and hip position and every muscles showed significantly higher electrical activity at 60º squatting compared with 45º, on both groups. For the control group, intramuscles analysis, there was no statistical difference for hip position and intermuscles analysis, at 45º squatting as well as 60º, the VLL muscle showed greater electrical activity than VMO (p=0,00036 - 45º; p=0,02 - 60º) and VLO muscle (p=0,00013 - 45º; p=0,0048 - 60º), whereas there was no significant difference between the VMO and VLO muscle (p=0,68 - 45º; p=0,51 - 60º). For the PFPS group, in intramuscles analysis, just VLO muscle showed significantly difference to hip position (p=0,019), that this electrical activity greater in 60º LR (p=0,00); on the analysis between muscles it was revealed that, in 45º squatting, the VLL muscle showed significantly greater electrical activity than the VMO (p=0,005) and the VLO muscles (p=0,000), whereas, the VMO muscle showed greater electrical activity than VLO (p=0,0001). On the other hand, at 60º squatting, the electrical activity of VLL and VMO were greater than VLO muscle (p=0,000 VLL; p=0,0001 - VMO). However, there was no significative difference between VMO and VLL (p=0,72). The analysis between the groups revealed that just the VMO muscle of the PFPS groups showed greater electrical activity than VMO from the control group in 60º squatting with hip rotation analyzed, except in LR (p=0,00036). The results of this research, obtained under the experimental conditions, indicated that the squatting exercise at the 60º angle, in any hip position (except in the lateral rotation) is indicated for the PFPS treatment since it presents a higher stability of the medial and lateral components of the muscle (VMO and VLL). On the other hand, the squatting exercise at the 45º, in any hip position, should avoid in the subjects with PFPS because the electrical activity of VLL is higher than VMO.
Desenvolvimento e sistematização de modelo de análise de tarefas industriais para inclusão de portadores de necessidades especiais no trabalho.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Simonelli, Angela Paula; Camarotto, João Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6477451021909733
The work carries out development and systematization of a job position task analysis model, occupied by special needs employees that studies the firm needs and the operations needed from the worker to perform his task. Objectives to serve as a parameter to companies action to put into practice inclusive hire policies as well as facilitate the comply of the law of quota and inclusion of Special Needs Persons on the job market, and contribute to the debate and literature on social inclusion. On the discussion of specialized literature, are presented reflections on the work as the representation of the man as social being and the process of inclusion of Special Needs Persons on the job market. The work shows the application, results and discussion of the model on an aeronautic company.
Perfil psicomotor: caracterização de escolares da primeira série do ensino fundamental de colégio particular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18) Pereira, Karina; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
The aim of this study was to characterize the psychomotor profile of schoolchildren attending the first grade in Elementary School, considering their gender, gestational age and physical aspect, as well as to analyze the relationship between motor and school performances. After obtaining parental consent, 37 children (20 boys and 17 girls) aging 6,5 to 7,8 years old (M=7, 2 ± 0,4) were enlisted from two classrooms of a private school (SAPIENS), in São Carlos/SP, in order to participate in this study. The assessment tool was Fonseca´s Psychomotor Battery (PMB) (1995), which consists of 7 psychomotor categories: Tonicity, Equilibration, Lateralization, Body Perception, Time-Spatial Structurization, Global Praxis and Fine Praxis. Each of these categories can score from 1 to 4, according to the following profiles: (1) Apraxic; (2) Dyspraxic; (3) Eupraxic; (4) Hyperpraxic. The children were assessed only once. From the data analysis, it was possible to verify that the children with an average age of 7 years and 2 months presented eupraxic psychomotor profile. ANOVA test (P≤0, 05) was applied to characterize the psychomotor profile within the criterion of scores. There was no significant difference (p=0,848) in the characterization between the genders. Nevertheless, the girls presented higher scores in most of the categories, except in global praxis. In the characterization between gestational ages, there was a significant difference (p=0,047) in fine praxis, inasmuch as the scores of the full-term children were higher than the pre-term ones. In the characterization among physical aspects, there was a significant difference in Tonicity (p=0,013) and Equilibration (p=0,05). In both factors, the mesomorphic children presented better performances. On the other hand, in global praxis (0,018), the endomorphic children presented better performances in relation to both ectomorphic and mesomorphic children. From the comparison between motor and school performances, it was possible to verify significant differences in body perception and global praxis concerning mathematic calculation. In short, it was verified that the gender did not influence the profile characterization of the children. However, the gestational age, the physical aspect as well as motor and school performances were determinant in their performance characterization. In general, the schoolchildren analyzed were characterized as presenting normal psychomotor profile.