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Perfil psicomotor: caracterização de escolares da primeira série do ensino fundamental de colégio particular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18)
Pereira, Karina
;
Tudella, Eloisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
The aim of this study was to characterize the psychomotor profile of schoolchildren attending the first grade in Elementary School, considering their gender, gestational age and physical aspect, as well as to analyze the relationship between motor and school performances. After obtaining parental consent, 37 children (20 boys and 17 girls) aging 6,5 to 7,8 years old (M=7, 2 ± 0,4) were enlisted from two classrooms of a private school (SAPIENS), in São Carlos/SP, in order to participate in this study. The assessment tool was Fonseca´s Psychomotor Battery (PMB) (1995), which consists of 7 psychomotor categories: Tonicity, Equilibration, Lateralization, Body Perception, Time-Spatial Structurization, Global Praxis and Fine Praxis. Each of these categories can score from 1 to 4, according to the following profiles: (1) Apraxic; (2) Dyspraxic; (3) Eupraxic; (4) Hyperpraxic. The children were assessed only once. From the data analysis, it was possible to verify that the children with an average age of 7 years and 2 months presented eupraxic psychomotor profile. ANOVA test (P≤0, 05) was applied to characterize the psychomotor profile within the criterion of scores. There was no significant difference (p=0,848) in the characterization between the genders. Nevertheless, the girls presented higher scores in most of the categories, except in global praxis. In the characterization between gestational ages, there was a significant difference (p=0,047) in fine praxis, inasmuch as the scores of the full-term children were higher than the pre-term ones. In the characterization among physical aspects, there was a significant difference in Tonicity (p=0,013) and Equilibration (p=0,05). In both factors, the mesomorphic children presented better performances. On the other hand, in global praxis (0,018), the endomorphic children presented better performances in relation to both ectomorphic and mesomorphic children. From the comparison between motor and school performances, it was possible to verify significant differences in body perception and global praxis concerning mathematic calculation. In short, it was verified that the gender did not influence the profile characterization of the children. However, the gestational age, the physical aspect as well as motor and school performances were determinant in their performance characterization. In general, the schoolchildren analyzed were characterized as presenting normal psychomotor profile.
Ensino de discriminações condicionais por imitação: efeitos de dois arranjos de apresentação de tentativas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18)
Sella, Ana Carolina
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
Imitation can be defined, in general terms, as the similarity of behavior between two organisms when the response topography of one, the imitator, is similar to nd controlled by the behavior of the other, the demonstrator. Along the years there has been a lot of controversies involving imitation`s conceptualizations and discussions on how it is produced and maintained. Some authors say that imitation, as any other behavior, needs to be directly reinforced in all its instancies to be established and maintained. Other authors emphasize the need of only some responses being reinforced, thus generalizing to others. Independently of the presence of direct reinforcement, imitation has been used as a teaching technique for many behaviors. Most behaviors that are taught through imitation are simple motor behaviors. Researches that use imitation as a teaching technique for complex behavior, such as conditional discrimination, are still new and raise lots of questions for investigation. One of these questions is the possible influence of trial arrangements on the participants` performance, when analyzing numbers of session to criterion. Research protocols on teaching conditional discriminations through imitation present, unsystematically, either one trial to the observer execute after each one presented by the demonstrator, or many trials to be executed by the demonstrator, for then, the observer do his. In this study, it was tried to compare these trials arrangements systematizing two protocols to be used with all subjects. Each set of pairs of conditional relations (BA or CA) was taught in either one of these ways: 1) for each trial demonstrated by the demonstrator, the observer executed one; 2) for each block of trials demonstrated, the participant executed another block of trials. Another difference from the protocols that have already been studied, was the presence o some identity trials with programmed consequences during the arbitrary matching training. As general results, all participants learned the conditional discriminations programmed by the study (BA and CA) and showed the emergence of equivalence classes. independently of trial arrangement and without planned consequences for the trials. This learning may be result of generalized imitative responses that could be maintained through other reinforced imitative responses that were not the arbitrary conditional discriminations (BA and CA). The large number of trials needed to criteria, may, however derive from this lack of reinforcement. In quantitative terms, trial arrangements did not result in different performance. However, data show that, when the trials were presented in an alternate way, the participant s behavior seemed to be only under the control of the comparison stimuli chosen by the demonstrator, without attending to the sample stimuli. Even though the results obtained by the two types of trial presentation were quantitatively similar, questions were raised on which trial arrangement would establish the best stimulus control when imitation is used as a teaching technique. This issue is specilly important because the better established the stimulus control is, the more effective is the conditional discrimination learning.
Efeitos do envelhecimento e da osteoporose na cifose torácica, na propriocepção e no torque dos músculos do tronco.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18)
Granito, Renata Neves
;
Oishi, Jorge
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1417328590472858
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging and osteoporosis on thoracic kyphosis degree, on extensors and flexors trunk muscles torque and on proprioception. Moreover, this study investigated the possible correlation among the variables studied in this work. It was evaluated 40 voluntary women, divided in four distinct groups: Young Group (10 women) aged between 20 and 30 years old, Adult Group (10 women) aged between 40 and 50 years old, Old Group (10 women) aged more than 60 years old and Osteoporotic Group (10 women) aged the same as the previous group, however with diagnosis of osteoporosis on spine. The volunteers were submitted to a previous interview, to a bone densitometry to quantify the bone mineral density of lumbar spine and to an x-ray of the thoracic spine in lateral view to verify the thoracic kyphosis degree. Moreover, the volunteer were submitted to a proprioception evaluation and to the isokinetic test of the trunk muscles, both performed on the BIODEX SYSTEM 3 equipment. Data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0, 05). The results showed that thoracic kyphosis degree was significantly greater in the Osteoporotic Group, followed by the Old Group, Adult and the Young Group. It was found a significant reduction on the trunk extensor torque imposed by ageing and aggravated by osteoporosis. The ageing process was still responsible for a reduction on the trunk flexor torque, but this condition was not exacerbated by osteoporosis. The extensor torque was greater than the flexor, during both eccentric and concentric contractions, in both velocities of the isokinetic test. However, there were no significant differences between the groups on the extensor and flexor torque relation. The older volunteers, with and without osteoporosis, showed a greater proprioceptive deficit than the younger volunteers. It was found a significant negative correlation between bone mineral density with kyphosis degree and positive correlation between mineral density and trunk extensor torque. The thoracic kyphosis degree showed a negative correlation with the trunk extensor torque and a positive correlation with age and proprioceptive deficit. This study concluded that the physiologic aging process is responsible for an increased thoracic kyphosis, a reduction of the extensor and flexor trunk torques and a reduction of the proprioceptive sensibility. The osteoporosis amplifies the increase in thoracic kyphosis and the reduction on the trunk extensor torque imposed by age. However, the osteoporosis does not have any effect on the aging reduction of flexor torque of trunk muscles and on proprioceptive deficit.
Restauração das imagens do satélite CBERS-1 utilizando POCS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18)
Papa, João Paulo
;
Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
The number of applications in remote sensing has widely increased in the last years. The reason for this is mainly the high quality of imaging systems onboard. Among this new generation of satellites, the CBERS-1 (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) was developed through a partnership between Brazil and China, and its main mission is to capture high-resolution images of the Earth using panchromatic and multispectral detectors. However, the information provided by remote sensing needs to be processed to better reflect the radiometric quality of the data, using for this purpose a technique called image restoration. The main goal of image restoration is the reconstruction or recovery of the degraded image using some a priori knowledge of the degradation phenomenon. In this work we developed five image restoration algorithms based on the theory of convex projections, which were obtained through the CBERS-1 band 2 CCD sensor. These algorithms are based on the application of restrictions in convex sets form, through the POCS (Projections Onto Convex Sets) method, where the intersection among these sets, if it exists, gives a satisfactory solution for the problem. The simulations were developed using the RAP (Row-Action Projections), the SIRT (Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) and an algorithm that uses prototype image constraints, which were obtained by the methods cited above and by the MIF (Modified Inverse Filter). The results were visually and numerically evaluated.
Atividade elétrica dos estabilizadores dinâmicos da patela no exercício de agachamento associado a diferentes posições do quadril em indivíduos normais e portadores de síndrome da dor femoropatelar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18)
Say, Karina Gramani
;
Pedro, Vanessa Monteiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4302307099019276
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrical activity of the Vastus Medialis Obliquus (VMO), Vastus Lateralis Obliquus (VLO) and Vastus Lateralis Longus (VLL) in the isometric wall slide squat exercise at 45 and 60º knee flexion associated in a neutral position (NP), 45º of lateral rotation (LR 45), 15º of medial rotation (MR 15) and 30º hip medial rotation (MR 30) only in the 45o angle. The electrical activity of the VMO, VLO and VLL of 15 healthy subjects control group (21,13 ± 2,17 years) and 12 subjects with Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) PFPS group (21,08 ± 2,31 years), female, was picked up using simple active differential surface electrode, the electromyography system of 8 channels and software Aqdados 7.2.6. The data were normalized by the percentage of the squatting exercise at 75º flexion and hip in neutral position RMS (µV). The volunteers executed the exercise on the Squat Platform that permitted the standing on the hip rotation desirable and the electrogoniometer indicated the amplitude of knee flexion. The ANOVA with repeated measures was used to analyze the data as well as the Duncan pos hoc (p≤0,05). The results of this study revealed no significant interaction between any knee angulation and hip position and every muscles showed significantly higher electrical activity at 60º squatting compared with 45º, on both groups. For the control group, intramuscles analysis, there was no statistical difference for hip position and intermuscles analysis, at 45º squatting as well as 60º, the VLL muscle showed greater electrical activity than VMO (p=0,00036 - 45º; p=0,02 - 60º) and VLO muscle (p=0,00013 - 45º; p=0,0048 - 60º), whereas there was no significant difference between the VMO and VLO muscle (p=0,68 - 45º; p=0,51 - 60º). For the PFPS group, in intramuscles analysis, just VLO muscle showed significantly difference to hip position (p=0,019), that this electrical activity greater in 60º LR (p=0,00); on the analysis between muscles it was revealed that, in 45º squatting, the VLL muscle showed significantly greater electrical activity than the VMO (p=0,005) and the VLO muscles (p=0,000), whereas, the VMO muscle showed greater electrical activity than VLO (p=0,0001). On the other hand, at 60º squatting, the electrical activity of VLL and VMO were greater than VLO muscle (p=0,000 VLL; p=0,0001 - VMO). However, there was no significative difference between VMO and VLL (p=0,72). The analysis between the groups revealed that just the VMO muscle of the PFPS groups showed greater electrical activity than VMO from the control group in 60º squatting with hip rotation analyzed, except in LR (p=0,00036). The results of this research, obtained under the experimental conditions, indicated that the squatting exercise at the 60º angle, in any hip position (except in the lateral rotation) is indicated for the PFPS treatment since it presents a higher stability of the medial and lateral components of the muscle (VMO and VLL). On the other hand, the squatting exercise at the 45º, in any hip position, should avoid in the subjects with PFPS because the electrical activity of VLL is higher than VMO.
Desenvolvimento e sistematização de modelo de análise de tarefas industriais para inclusão de portadores de necessidades especiais no trabalho.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-18)
Simonelli, Angela Paula
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6477451021909733
The work carries out development and systematization of a job position task analysis model, occupied by special needs employees that studies the firm needs and the operations needed from the worker to perform his task. Objectives to serve as a parameter to companies action to put into practice inclusive hire policies as well as facilitate the comply of the law of quota and inclusion of Special Needs Persons on the job market, and contribute to the debate and literature on social inclusion. On the discussion of specialized literature, are presented reflections on the work as the representation of the man as social being and the process of inclusion of Special Needs Persons on the job market. The work shows the application, results and discussion of the model on an aeronautic company.
Caracterização das respostas cardiorrespiratórias e eletromiográficas para exercícios de carga constante em intensidades próximas ao limiar de anaerobiose ventilatório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-21)
Pithon, Karla Rocha
;
Silva, Ester da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0120120410847507
This research aimed to identify the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) in a ramp continuous test and to apply mathematical and statistical methods to study the stability of the variables during the exercise performed in discontinuous steps near the VAT intensity. Eight young men (22,75 ± 2,25 years) were submitted to a ramp continuous ergoespirometric test (protocol I), with 20 to 25 W.min-1 power increments, on an electromagnetic braked cycle ergometer and to 3 discontinuous steps (protocol II), each one lasting 15 minutes, with 70% of VAT (step 1), 100% of VAT (step 2) and 130% of VAT (step 3). The metabolic and ventilatory variables ( O2, CO2, E, PetO2, PetCO2) were collected on a breath-by-breath basis, heart rate (HR) was collected on a beat-to-beat basis, and RMS was calculated for the myoelectrical signal of vastus lateralis muscle. In protocol I, VAT was determined by the loss of parallelism between O2 and CO2; in protocol II data a semi-parametric mathematical and statistical model was applied. For statistical analysis the median confidence interval was applied, α= 5% and descriptive analysis. HR was statistically different between VAT and step 3 and among steps 1, 2 and 3. For O2, CO2 and E data the results were similar, with significant statistical differences between VAT and steps 2 and 3 and among the three steps. For PetO2 the statistical difference was observed between VAT and step 3; PetCO2 and RMS did not show statistical differences. The analysis of the 3o to 9o minute (T1) and of the 9o to 15o minute (T2) of the steps, showed for step 1: for HR 7 stables (S) and 1 crescent (C) and O2 and CO2 8S in T1 and T2; PetCO2 7S and 1 decreasing (D) in T1 and 7S and 1C in T2; PetO2 5S and 3C in T1 and 7S and 1D in T2; RMS 4S, 3D and 1C in T1 and 7S and 1D in T2. For step 2: HR 3S and 5C in T1 and 5S and 3C in T2; O2 and CO2 8S in T1 and T2; PetCO2 4S and 4D in T1 and 5S and 3D in T2; PetO2 5S and 3C in T1 and 8S in T2; RMS 4S, 2D and 2C. For step 3: HR 8C in T1 and 5S and 3C in T2, CO2 8S and O2 7S and 1C in T1 and O2 and CO2 8S in T2; PetCO2 1S and 7C in T1 and 5S, 1C and 2D in T2; PetO2 4S and 4C in T1 and 5S, 2D and 1C in T2; RMS 4S, 2D and 2C in T1 and 4S, 3D and 1C in T2. Conclusions: for young volunteers, on a step protocol, it is necessary to decrease the power intensity around 30% to reach similar cardiorrespiratory values of VAT. PetCO2 and HR showed more sensitive responses to power intensities above VAT and can be used as first signaling of exercise above VAT.
Análise do manejo florestal de "Baixo impacto" e da caça de subsistência sobre uma comunidade de primatas na Floresta Estadual de Antimary (Acre, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-21)
Calouro, Armanado Muniz
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
O impacto do turno de trabalho do pai no desempenho acadêmico e no autoconceito de crianças escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-22)
Cia, Fabiana
;
Barham, Elizabeth Joan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402
Studies show that the quality of father-child interactions is a factor that has a direct influence on child development, including the formation of the children s self-concept and their academic performance. In addition to the father wanting to be involved, however, he also needs to have time and energy to invest in this relationship. Given the heavy demands associated with paid employment (long hours, night shifts, etc.), we hypothesized that the fathers involvement with their children would be influenced by some of their work conditions. Thus, the aims of this study were: a) identify differences that exist between night and dayshifts, with respect to the fathers work conditions, personal wellbeing and family involvement; b) compare fathers who work in these two shifts with respect to the frequency of their participation in their children s daily and academic activities; c) identify work conditions, personal and family factors that influence the frequency of the fathers involvement with their children; d) compare day and nightshift workers children with respect to the frequency of their communication with their fathers, their self-concept and their academic performance; e) examine the correlations that exist between the fathers work conditions, personal and family factors, and the involvement of the fathers with their children, on the one hand, and their children s self-concept and academic performance, on the other hand. The study participants included 58 children in the fifth and sixth grades and their fathers (36 in dayshift jobs and 22 working nightshifts). The fathers completed a questionnaire, Evaluation of work conditions and of parent-child involvement Father´s version . Their children also evaluated the quality of their relationship with their fathers, completing a questionnaire, Evaluating father-child involvement . The Selfdescription questionnaire 1 and the School Performance Test were used o investigate relations between the type and level of the fathers involvement, with their children s self-concept and academic performance. The results show that work conditions and personal and family factors did not differ as a function of the fathers work shift. However, fathers who worked nightshifts indicated that they had less frequent contact with their children, considering the measures used in this study (fatherchild communication; father involvement in childcare; fathers participation in their children s school, cultural and leisure activities; and time that the fathers spend, engaged in activities with their children. In addition, work conditions (interpersonal work environment, work satisfaction and work performance problems) and personal factors (satisfaction with the availability of time for personal activities, and stress) were correlated with the father s sense of adequacy in his family role performance, which, in turn, was positively correlated with the measures used to evaluate the frequency of father-child involvement. The children s reports of the frequency of communication with their fathers and the children s academic performance did not differ as a function of the shift their fathers worked. However, compared to children whose fathers worked dayshifts, the children whose fathers worked nightshifts had a significantly lower academic self-concept. The measures used to evaluate the frequency of the fathers involvement with their children were positively correlated with their children s selfconcept and academic performance. Thus, the lower levels of academic self-concept among children whose father worked the nightshift can be attributed to the less frequent father-child interactions in this group. These results indicate the importance of the father s involvement for the formation of a child s self-concept and their children s academic performance and point to the need for educational interventions directed at fathers, so that they can learn about the many actions that can improve their performance as fathers.
Concepção de um sistema de inteligência competitiva para uma organização do setor de insumos e bens de produção do complexo agroindustrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-22)
Silva, Alexandre Rodrigues da
;
Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
The competitive and globalized status in which are the main sectors of economy, justify the importance of a system of competitive intelligence. In essence, it aims to contribute for the organization at least in two aspects: the decision-making and the strategy elaboration. The importance of a competitive intelligence system is more evident in economic sectors that look for more efficiency, as, for example, those linked to the agribusiness, which participation in the Brazilian GPD (Gross Domestic Product) reaches at one third of this macroeconomic index. Thereby, the execution of this research work was proposed and its objective was the conception of a system of competitive intelligence for an organization of the sector of raw materials and production goods from the agribusiness complex. Aiming this objective, the research was developed in two bases. The first one was the bibliographical revision, about the competitive intelligence. In this revision was studied several models of competitive intelligence, their components and some forms of implantation. The second base of the research was the research-action method that had guided the conception of the adapted system for the organization studied. With the confirmation of the suggested hypothesis, and by reaching the aimed result, it was successfully conceived a adapted system of competitive intelligence for an organization of the sector of raw materials and production goods from the agribusiness complex. The conceived system had gathered some hybrid elements from several authors. This had allowed the definition of structural elements and also the establishment of foundations and implementation steps of the system.
A interface família-escola na inclusão de crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais: uma perspectiva ecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-22)
Pamplin, Renata Christian de Oliveira
;
Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
This study was based on the assumption that the presence of resources in the home environment in addition to special educational practices can either favor or damage the socialization and learning of children with Special Educational Needs (SEN). The aim was to identify the resources and needs in the home context of children with SEN and verify the relationship of such aspects to the proposals for inclusion from conventional schools of a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Sixty-one caregivers of children with SEN (33 with handicap and 28 with failure at school) and a secretary of the Municipal Department of Education participated in the study. A documentary analysis, a semi-structured interview with the secretary, and two questionnaires Inventory of Home Environment Resources (HER) and Questionnaire about Family Needs (QFN) were the instruments used for collecting data, supplying the study with quantitative and qualitative information. The documentary analysis was important since it assisted in finding possible participants. The interview was analyzed according to preestablished categories. The questionnaires were statistically analyzed with the aim of verifying possible significant differences between the two groups of children, as well as the relative frequency of the resources and needs investigated. After examining the results of each instrument, the triangulation among them was calculated so that the theoretical premises originated from the bioecological perspective on human development enabled a systematic reading of the situation studied. The results indicated that political actions on the macrosystem has strongly influenced those situations lived in both microsystem and mesosystem, inasmuch as such actions can either make concessions on certain resources or determine the children s hours and interactions with their family. Differences in quantity of resources offered by the school were verified between children with handicap and children with school failure. The caregivers of both groups were shown to feel the need for information about the children s characteristics, and also about the supports and services of the community. In addition, it was verified the need for financial support to those families whose children present school failure. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that, even though the current municipality s proposal for Special Education aims at parental participation, it does not have, in practice, enough mechanisms and strategies for promoting family involvement, and so it has to review its offer of resources for children with SEN.
A diversidade de mecanismos de governança na multiplicação de sementes de milho híbrido e soja no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-22)
Feltre, Cristiane
;
Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de
The coexistence of different mechanisms of governance for similar transactions is a major feature of the seed sector, particularly in the branches of soybeans and hybrid corn. Also, the procurement of different inputs is governed by similar governance structures. Both seed sectors are characterized by high investments in research and development and are subjected to several hazards and uncertainty. One of the main determinants of competitiveness in this industry is the quality of the inputs that will be launched in the market. As a consequence, the activities of research, development and reproduction of seeds are crucial in the competition, requiring need high level of control. In spite of this, the firms that develop high technology seeds present different arrangements in the organization of the production of inputs. The reproduction of seeds requires some mechanisms in order to fully appropriate of the benefits of innovation. This fact constitutes an important determinant of choice for these different arrangements. This dissertation aims to analyze the determinants of the boundaries of the firms, and how the selected governance structures interact with the firm s strategies. This dissertation also aims to explore the different appropriability mechanisms that are available to this sector, in each of its main segments hybrid and varieties. The dissertation uses Transaction Cost Economics, and Dynamic Capabilities as its main theoretical background. Also, the governance inseparability concept gave support to the questions associated to contractual relations. The empirical research, focused on large firms that undertake R&D activities, concludes the factors that influence in the decisions about the reproduction of seeds are related to transaction cost reasoning, but to dynamic capabilities and governance inseparability arguments as well.
Consistência do Roteiro para Avaliação de Riscos Músculo-Esqueléticos (RARME) em relação a avaliações de desconforto, esforço, afastamento do trabalho e análise ergonômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-22)
Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira
;
Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8631547579695270
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) constitutes a group of disturbs, with multifactorial origin, mainly promoted by workplace factors (physical, organizational and psychosocial). WMSDs cause high human, social and economic costs, which justifies effort to determine more efficient prevention strategies. However, for an effective prevention is necessary to establish the main risk factors, and create or aprimorate assessment tools. It was proposed a new tool for risk assessment Checklist for musculoskeletal risk assessment (RARME). The objective of this study was to evaluate the consistency of this checklist in relation to other physical load indicators: discomfort and exertion ratings, sick leave and Ergonomic Workplace Analysis. Thirty-one subjects took part in this study. They performed fifteen different tasks involving repetitive motion pattern and manual material handling. Checklist was applied by direct observation in the workplace. No relation between the results from checklist and the other physical load indicators was identified. Several factors might have contributed to the lack of consistency between indicators. Exposure variability, cognitive overload of the observer, bias in observation methods, and instruments for risk measurement are important factors to be considered when analyzing the present results. Thus, although it was not possible to check the protocol validity, relevant methodological aspects when using theses types of checklists were discussed. Besides this, an improved version of RARME protocol is presented.
Extração de conhecimento simbólico de redes neurais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-23)
Nagamine, Fábio Seitoku
;
Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
The fact that Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are not able to explain, in a symbolic way, neither their decisions or the knowledge embedded in its connections and architecture is a well-known limitation. This work investigates several methods of knowledge extraction from ANNs proposed in the literature. More specifically, it focuses on four different approaches for knowledge extraction that are detailed and criticized and, for each of them, discusses a possible implementation. Also, a taxonomy for methods of rule extraction from ANNs, found in the literature, is detailed. An extension of this taxonomy aiming at a more useful, refined and versatile version is proposed. The main goal of the work, however, is to approach knowledge extraction from ANN in a critical way, analyzing each of the four methods concerning, mainly, their scopes, limitations and effective contribution to improving readability and easy understanding.
Recontando histórias: a leitura e a visão de mundo do pré-escolar.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-23)
Donato, Daniela
;
Silva, Ademar da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9028512631572133
In this work we analyze the perception of the world traces conveyed by pre-school children when they retell stories. From the cultural historical perspective and from some aspects of textual linguistics, 58 retellings, produced in the story retellings classes of two Municipal Pre-Schools of the city of Matão in São Paulo, were analyzed. Four common types of occurrences were detected: oral marks, ways of telling, insertion of the quotidian, insertion of new elements, which were divided up into 22 subcategories to be analyzed. These data, which were considered as singular ones, show us that the world perception is present in the whole process of story telling, mainly when the children insert elements of his/her daily routine in the narrative, and the purpose of this is always the production of sense. We believe that the knowledge of these traces may lead the teacher to develop a better understanding of his/her task on the children education as good readers, and good writers. In short, on the formation of a child who tomorrow may know how to invent man.
Triagem visual de bebês prematuros: verificação da aplicabilidade do "Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual de Lactentes"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-23)
Carvalho, Beatriz Girão Enes
;
Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
There are risk factors linked to visual impairment question on infants like, for example, the prematurity. Studies show incidence of visual impairment on premature infants and very low birth weight ones, adding the importance of ophthalmologic exam, especially on risk infants. The World Health Organization introduces visual screening procedures for children of all ages, introducing other professionals on ocular health practices. There is a need of information from health squads, pediatricians, nurses and others about ophthalmologic exams diagnoses and of evidence sings of diseases, which cause visual impairment. It shows the necessity of screening instrument that allows visual early evaluation for all infants, specially the risk ones. Considering this situation the study had as objective testing the use of Method to Evaluate Visual Ability in Infants in 32 premature infants, from 1 to 3 months (of corrected age), during the routines of pediatric ambulatory attending in a Uberaba (MG) s school hospital. This method is a screenplay of visual ability in infants evaluation with 9 visuomotor behavior items and fine motor performance correspondent to infant skills during the first three months of life, with the positive answers categories (S), negatives (N), partials (P) and omitted (O). It was done at least 1, and on the maximum 2 evaluations in each infant. It were found important values on the number of O answers, in the first month (31,4%) and on item 7 (94,0%). It was analyzed the number of answers for not expected behaviors for each age, more frequently in the 2º month (26%) and in item 8 (89%). It was not observed correlation between the found answers and birth weight or gestational age. The use of this method on an ambulatory situation shows it as an important instrument for a situation of visual screening for risk infants.
Assembléias de bairro na Argentina: criando espaços de ação política para reconstituir o tecido social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-23)
Bogado, Adriana Marcela
;
Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7628617298030269
Taking into account the current context of social, political and economic crisis this work consists of a study about the Neighborhood assemblies in Argentina that followed the panelaços2, which happened in the 19th and 20th of December of 2001. The main characteristics of the assemblies are that they promote mechanisms of direct democracy, territorial organization, autonomy in face of political parties and finally for being composed mainly of people belonging to poorer sectors of society. People that never had political engagement, people that protested in the Seventies, people that participate in different political parties, syndicates or social organizations gather weekly in different neighborhoods to debate and generate actions in order to create alternatives to face the crisis and also try to develop spaces where new ways of dealing with politics can take place and thus deepening the process of democratization. Our study aims to describe the Neighborhood assemblies, its beginning and the practices performed, using the participants experience as a starting point. In order to accomplish that the chosen research methodology was Oral History alongside with Participative Observation of the assemblies and also other activities that resulted from these methods. With the objective of broadening the collected data spectrum, we have brought in photographs and a wide range of materials made by the participants as well as the entries in a filed diary. The data gathering was done between January and February of 2004 in two assemblies of the city of Buenos Aires, namely: a Asamblea Popular de San Telmo-Plaza Dorrego e a Asamblea de Palermo Viejo. The Oral History allowed us to rebuild the participants recent memories, those of the beginning of the assemblies, of the initial meetings. On the other hand it also worked as channel for yet another memory that was present inside the participants accounts to come to surface: that of the military dictatorship. Men and women identify the destruction of the social tissue as one of the main consequences of the military dictatorship and the following democratic governs. Beginning with this point of view they started to develop spaces of political action orientated to the reconstruction of this tissue. Hence, we would like to point out some important aspects of the actions of the assemblies, namely: the work with the memories of the repression years, o development of deliberation spaces that eventually enriched the political culture, the political action and solidarity networks with other social movements, the process of (re) signify the publics spaces and its management, the collective work and the accomplishment of activities and projects that aimed to create alternatives in a context of generalized crisis.
Treinamento de habilidades sociais em grupo com professores de crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem: uma análise sobre procedimentos e efeitos da intervenção.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-24)
Vila, Edmarcia Manfredin
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Del Prette, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
Social Skills Training (SST) can be used to increase teachers social competence, contributing to the development of interactive contexts in the classroom as well as to the student s learning. The purpose of this research was to elaborate and describe intervention procedures used in a group SST program with teachers who work with children that present learning difficulties, consisting of 15 sessions for the development of social skills. The effects of the SST were analysed in terms of: a) acquisition of social skills classes and b) generalization of social skills learned in the sessions for the classroom context. The sample included 10 teachers, in the 26-54 age range. The data gathering procedure involved the use of the Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire (IRQ) before the intervention, the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) and the filming of each teacher with his/her students, before and after the intervention. The IRQ data showed that at the beginning the teachers had some difficulties in dealing with interpersonal conflicts in the classroom, demonstrating lack of social skills. It was also observed a certain incoherence in the verbal report related to some questions, highlighting flaws in the self-observation and self-knowledge repertoire. Based on the survey of the behavioral classes presented by the facilitator by means of the tape transcriptions, it was possible to classify the intervention procedures that had the following purposes: a) to investigate interpersonal difficulties; b) to analyse previous-consequent relations; c) to train specific social skills; d) presentation of positive results and; e) to sound out generalization which contributed to the learning of social skills and generalization for the classroom context. The SSI data showed that after the intervention there was an increase in the scores average of the group of teachers in all the social skills classes that were assessed. In the individual analysis some teachers showed much bigger changes than others and for some of them there was a slight decrease in the scores. As for the filming data in the classroom, there was no increase in all the social skills that were assessed, but in those that increased, the generalization was evidenced. The results obtained allow us to state that the improvement of the teachers social skills repertoire enables them to foster interactive contexts in the classroom, contributing to the student s academic and interpersonal development.
Estudo dos Homiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-24)
Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3958236707152165
In this work the efficiency of three traditional methods of collection of insects were analyzed and tested (Malaise trap, Moericke trap and "sweepings" of the vegetation) for studies of the subfamília Hormiinae and, separately, for the six more abundant sorts in the collections (Allobracon Gahan, 1915; Aspilodemon Fischer, 1968; Hormius, Nees, 1818; Pambolus Haliday, 1836; Pseudorhysipolis Scatolini & Penteado-Dias, 2002, and Rhysipolis Förster, 1862). The relation of this efficiency ea biology of the sorts briefly is argued. The technique of "sweepings" of the vegetation was the method most efficient for specimen collection of the majority of the sorts. The theories regarding the distribution of the species in a latitudinal gradient are argued on the basis of specimen samples of a subfamily of parasitoid insects, that seem to constitute an exception to the classic standard of distribution of the largest part of the organisms. The importance to consider the biology of the organisms and regional variables is pointed out. The gotten results corroborate with the consulted works and the hypotheses of geometric limits, energy of the environment and spalling of resources. Twelve new species and new occurrences for three sorts and two species for Brazil are cited. The distribution of the species in the points of collection and the South America is told and illustrated. The potential of new species is briefly commented with approach in the main sorts and also in the Northeast Region. Twelve new species of Allobracon Gahan, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are described and illustrated. All species described were collected in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A key to species is added.
Prevenindo fracasso escolar: comparando o autoconceito e desempenho acadêmico de filhos de mães que trabalham fora e donas de casa.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-24)
D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
Researchers in the area of special education have shown that various factors outside the school system can lead children to develop learning problems. Poor quality family relationships, for example, can interfere with the healthy development of the various facets of a child s self concept which, in turn, can lower the child s academic achievement. As such, many criticisms are made concerning the way that parents especially mothers - divide their attention between their children and other involvements. Presently, most married women fall into one of two categories: some dedicate the great majority of their time to caring for their family and homes, while others divide their time between their family, homes and paid employment. Both options bring advantages and disadvantages to the task of parenting. For working mothers, the great amount of time required to meet both family and professional obligations is a source of stress, which can compromise the quality of parent-child relationships. On the other hand, in many families in which the mother is a housewife, financial resources are fewer and the women have lower selfesteem and poorer health than women who have paid employment, which can reduce the quality of their parenting behaviors. The objectives of this study were to: a) adapt existing instruments to evaluate work conditions, psychological wellbeing and the mothers involvement in bringing up their children; b) compare housewives and women who have paid employment with respect to the frequency of various types of involvements with their children; and c) investigate the relationship between the frequency of these interactions and three measures that reflect the adequacy of certain aspects of their children s development (self-concept, academic achievement and the children s perceptions of the mother-child relationship). Participants included 60 mother-child pairs -- 23 mothers with paid employment and 37 housewives. The average age of the mothers was 36.5 years. The children were in either fifth or sixth grade, with an average age of 11.9 years. The mothers responded to the Mother s vision about her family interaction and well being Questionnaire , and the children were evaluated using Portuguese versions of the Academic Achievement Test , the Self-Description Questionnaire I (SDQI) and the Mother-Child Relationship Questionnaire Child´s Vision . With respect to the mothers, both groups reported that they make frequent use of the majority of the parenting behaviors that lead to healthy family relationships, with very few statistically significant differences appearing between the two groups. With respect to the children, there were no statistically significant differences between those whose mothers were housewives and those whose mothers had paid employment, in terms of their academic achievement, selfconcept or their evaluations of the frequency of their interactions with their mothers. These results indicate that there was no relationship between these three measures of the children s wellbeing and their mothers employment status. However, correlations showed that the frequency of some types of maternal interaction make a positive contribution to the development of their children s academic self-concept, which, in turn, is positively related to their academic achievement. Thus, the frequency of the mothers involvement in their children s lives, in and of itself, and not her status as a housewife or a working mother, seems to be an important factor for the development of a positive selfconcept and achievement of academic success, among their children.