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Efeitos do método mãe-canguru sobre o desenvolvimento motor de bebês pré-termo extremos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-28) Canotilho, Marta Martins; Nale, Nivaldo
The Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) has been proposed as a new model of neonatal intervention. This study aimed to contribute for the comprehension of the KMC as a neonatal intervention to promote the motor development of extremely preterm babies. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the effects of the KMC in motor development between extremely preterm babies and preterm babies of larger gestational ages, (2) to characterize the motor development of extremely preterm babies submitted to the KMC, comparatively of the preterm babies submitted to the traditional routine, (3) to analyze possible relations between the motor development of extremely preterm babies and components of the KMC, as contact skin-to-skin, maternal breast-feeding and the mothers care of their babies until discharge. Participants were 12 at term babies and 66 preterm babies, allocated in 3 groups: the control group 1 (GC1), subdivided in a group of 15 babies with less of 32 weeks of gestational age (GC1<32s) and another of 19 babies with age gestational between 32 and 36 weeks (GC1≥32s), the kangaroo-mother group (GMC) submitted to the KMC during the diurnal period, since the clinical stability up to hospital discharge, subdivided in a group of 15 babies with less of 32 weeks of age gestational (GMC<32s) and another of 17 babies with age gestational between 32 and 36 weeks (GMC≥32s), and the group control 2 (GC2), with 12 babies at term. The motor development was evaluated longitudinally with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), monthly to the 6 months and afterwards to the 9, 12, 14 and 16 months of age (corrected for the preterm baby). The babies of the GC1<32s presented motor development delay, especially in the first semester of life. The babies of the GC1≥32s, GMC<32s, GMC≥32s and GC2 did not present differences in the motor development. The KMC favored the motor development of extremely preterm babies, matching their motor development to the at term babies. The breastfeeding correlated positively with larger punctuations in the scale AIMS in the extremely preterm babies to the 3 and 6 months of age. The mothers care of their babies until discharge correlated positively with larger punctuations in the scale AIMS in the extremely preterm babies to the 6 months of age. The variability of the exposition to the skin-to-skin contact (between 74 and 255 hours) was not associated with the variability of the punctuations in the scale AIMS, in the first year of life. The KMC is a neonatal intervention model to promote the motor development of extremely preterm babies during the first months of life and contributed to humanize the hospital care, to capacitate the mothers in the care of their babies, and to promote the breastfeeding.
Cálculos de primeiros princípios para BaO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-28) Amorim, Rodrigo Garcia; Rino, José Pedro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801067322823031
In this work we present first principles calculations with Density Functional Theory, DFT, using norm-conserving pseudopotentials. Initially, we perform calculations of structural properties for metallic barium, Ba, in the Local Density Approximation, LDA, and Generalized Gradient Approximation, GGA, for the exchange and correlation potential. This study aimed at familiarization with the formalism and with the program SIESTA, which was used throughout this dissertation. The GGA turned out to perform out better than LDA, yielding results close to experimental values. After that, we perform structural calculations for Barium Oxide, BaO, in its four allotropic forms, in the LDA and GGA. A study of the energetics of structural phase transitions in this system was carried out in order to identify the sequence of structural transitions. We find that LDA is unable to determine the correct sequence of structural transitions, while GGA reproduces it correctly. Finally, we calculated the phase transition pressures using the enthalpy method. These phase transition pressures, at T = 0 K, are in reasonable agreement with ultrasoft pseudopotential calculations. Our study shows that the use of GGA is fundamental for an adequate description of the energetics of phase transitions in BaO.
Análise do desenvolvimento de crianças de um a três anos de idade contaminadas por chumbo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-28) Almeida, Sandra Helena de; Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7544189440874179; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6430993267511213
Lead intoxication can damage children development. There are few researches about the effects of lead intoxication on the overall development of young children. The individuals sampled in this study can be considered as double-risk children, since, besides their poor conditions, they are exposed to environmental pollution. Based on that, the present work aimed: a) to analyze the overall development from 1 to 3 yearsold children exposed to lead, with more than ten microgram per deciliter (µg/dl) of blood lead, and in children free from intoxication (0µg/dl of blood lead) and b) to compare the children development and environmental learning conditions between the Group of lead-intoxicated children and the Group of children without contamination. Forty children from 1 to 3 years-old were used in this study, divided into both groups. The Group 1 was composed by 20 children contaminated by lead, and the Group 2 comprised 20 children free from intoxication. The parents or responsible people answered an Initial Interview Report in order to get familiar sociodemographic information and data about children development. The Portage Operational Inventory POI (Williams & Aiello, 2001) and HOME questionnaire (Bradley & Cadwell, 1984) were adopted to verify the overall children development and their environmental and supporting conditions. To assure parental information about the same issues, a protocol of Backing Interview was performed at the end of analyses. POI observations were carried out in a Childhood Center and at children s houses, whereas the HOME inventory was applied to the parents in their houses, exclusively. The data from the first goal of this research demonstrated developmental differences between children from Group 1 and Group 2, based on POI measures. Individuals from both groups presented cognitive and language deficiencies. Nevertheless, according to statistical tests, these differences would be restricted to the areas: Socialization (p<0,05), besides strong statistical tendencies showing that children from Group 2 presented the expected development for their age related to Cognition (p<0,1) and Language (p<0,1) when compared to children from the Group 1, while children from the Group 1 obtained a better performance related to Self Caring (p<0,05) than children from the Group2. Comparing the child development according to environmental quality, we observed that, based on Total Score, Learning Material and HOME variety, both groups were equally deficient. Differences in environmental quality were found in the following sub-scales: Acceptance (p<0,05), where the children from Group 1 presented the highest scores, and Being Responsive (p<0,1) when children from the Group 2 presented a tendency for better punctuation values. There was a significant association (p<0,05) indicating that the low environmental quality, measured by Total Score from HOME inventory, could have influenced the observed deficient children development in both Groups, with regards to Language, Cognition and Overall Development, as measured by POI. Finally, despite of the presented differences, it is not possible to state that lead, solely, caused the deficiency in the development of contaminated children. Indeed, lead intoxication represents a compound that, associated to other risk factors such as poverty and low environmental quality, can maximize the damages over expected child development in each age class. It is necessary to create an observation and interference program with this children, as well as orientation and assistance of the family so that it is possible to contribute to the global development of lead-intoxicated children.
Atividade elétrica dos músculos estabilizadores da patela em indivíduos portadores da síndrome da dor femoropatelar durante exercícios realizados no step
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-28) Pulzatto, Flávio; Pedro, Vanessa Monteiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4302307099019276
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electric activity (EMG) in the temporal and amplitude aspects of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) muscles during forward step tasks: stepdown (SFD) and step-up (SFS), and backward step tasks: step-down (SPD) and step-up (SPS). Twenty seven females were evaluated and separated in two groups: fifteen normal subjects Control Group (21.13 ± 2.17 years) and twelve subjects with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome PPS (21.08 ± 2.31 years). The height of the step was regulated for two angles 45º and 75º - of knee s flexion joint. A metronome was used to help the volunteers about the time to performance the tasks, a eletrogoniometer was used in the control of the knee angle and a pressure sensor was used to determinate the start and the end of the electromyography register. The electric activity was recorded by surface (Ag/AgCl) electrodes, an EMG apparatus with 8 channels (EMG System Brazil) and a software of acquisition data AqDados 7.02. The EMG data was processed by the software Matlab 6.1 that calculated both the onset timing of the muscles and the integrated of the EMG signal. The EMG was normalized by the mean of the three muscle contractions and was calculated de ratio VMO/VLL and VMO/VLO for comparisons between groups and exercises. The relative onset timing was determinate by the difference VMO-VLO and VMO-VLL. The t-tests showed that in the step up exercise (75º of the knee flexion), there are differences when compared the groups, either in frontal step VMO/VLL (p= 0.000) and VMO/VLO (p = 0.000), than posterior step VMO/VLL (p = 0.000) and VMO/VLO (p = 0.000). In the control group there is a prevalence of an early contractions of de VMO muscle, however in the PPS group, the VMO onset occurred at the same time or after the VLO and VLL muscles in the mayor of the cases. The Anova three-way and Duncan post hoc showed that in step at 45º, the ratio VMO/VLO (p = 0,000) and VMO/VLL (p = 0,016) was greater then step at 75º in both groups. When compared the steps in 45º and 75º into the groups, were found differences either in the VMO:VLO ratio (p = 0,000) than VMO:VLL ratio (0,016) with greater values in the step at 45º. The comparison between the exercises performed in the same step height showed that both VMO:VLO and VMO:VLL ratios always was greater in the SFS than SFD (p = 0,01), SPS (p = 0,04) and SPD (p = 0,000). There is no difference between SFD and SPS (p = 0,570) or SPD (p = 0,090). In the Control group the SPS was smaller then SPD, on the other hand, in the SDFP group the SPS was greater than SPD (p = 0,30). Our results suggest that there is a difference in the motor control between groups about muscle recruitment either in frontal than posterior step-up at 75º. In the amplitude aspect, the step at 45º seem to recruit selectively the VMO muscle in comparison with VLL and VLO, thus, this step height should be used preferentially in the SDFP treatment programs. Regarding of the mode of execution, the frontal step (SFS) seems to be the most indicated when the objective is the selective activation of the VMO muscle mainly in the step at 45º.
Um estudo de caso com uma criança cega e uma vidente (gêmeas idênticas): habilidades sociais das crianças, crenças e práticas educativas da mãe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-28) Costa, Carolina Severino Lopes da; Del Prette, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
The repertoire of social skills of blind and sighted children can be different from each other, inasmuch as the absence of the sense of sight prevents the blind children from using the same resources as those commonly used by the sighted ones, for example the visual imitation in the process of learning social skills and behaviors. The area of Social Skills Training (SST) was the theoretical and practical reference for this study, whose general aim was to describe and characterize the social performances of two identical twins aged ten years old: Célia, who is blind; and Virna, who is sighted. In addition, the beliefs and educational practices of their mother, who is their main caregiver, were identified. The data were obtained by conducting an interview with the mother as well as by filming the children during free situations. A transcript was made of the mother s answers to the questions from the interview script, and then the content was analyzed by theme. According to a protocol for observing the free situations, the films were assessed so that the children s performances enabled to infer the categories of social skills. The results showed that the mother considers that Virna is more independent to perform certain activities, while Célia requires more care and attention, besides being more subject to restrictions. The results also showed that the sighted child presented a wider and more refined repertoire of social skills in relation to her sister. From the data, it is possible to conclude that blind and sighted children have distinct social skills repertories, and the existing differences can be related to the blind variable as well as to the differences in the way the caretaker stimulates the children. Therefore, it is considered important to plan programs aiming to maximize the social development of visually impaired children, including social skills training and advices for the caregivers.
Alongamento ativo excêntrico dos músculos flexores do joelho na postura em pé: efeito sobre a amplitude de movimento e torque muscular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-28) Batista, Lucia Helena; Salvini, Tânia de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4391969032505723
The relation between flexibility alterations and muscular torque posstretching is not so exploited in literature. There are many stretching techniques and posture used in clinics and sportive activities. The technique of eccentric active stretching in a standing posture, with weight unloading in the stretched limb, is one of them. Thus, a better knowledge of the alterations caused after its application will provide scientific support for its usage. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an eccentric active stretching program of the knee flexor muscles in the standing posture on the evaluated limb on: knee extension ROM, passive torque of knee flexor muscles and isometric and isokinetic concentric and eccentric torque of flexor and extensor muscles of the knee. Methodology: 34 healthy and sedentary volunteers, both genders (34,42 ± 9,3 years) were evaluated. All of them had 20° or more knee flexor muscles shortening. The stretching program was performed twice a week, for four weeks and consisted of 7 consecutive repetitions of 1 min each one with a 30s rest between them. Knee ROM and knee torque were evaluated using an Isokinetic Dynamometer before and after four weeks of intervention. The passive torque and knee ROM were measured passively, while the isometric, concentric and eccentric torque of the flexor and extensor of the knee were measured through maximal voluntary contractions (speeds 30°/s, 60°/s). Results: There was an increase in the knee extensor ROM from 53,7 ± 13° to 30,1 ± 16° (p = 0,0001). No alteration occurred in the passive torque (from 11,2 ± 3N to 10,6 ± 3N; p = 0,09). The isometric extensor and flexor torque increased from 68 ± 67,8N to 187,58 ± 73,5N (p = 0,006) and from 89,68 ± 32,62N to 93,87 ± 33,12N (p = 0,01), respectively. There was a gain of knee extensor concentric torque at 60°/s from 144,44 ± 51,6N to 151,57 ± 58,2N (p = 0,02) and knee extensor eccentric torque at 30°/s from 175,4 ± 71,6N to 189,9 ± 73,8N (p = 0,01). There was an improvement in the flexor eccentric and concentric torque at 30º /s (from 100,3 ± 34,2N to 105,63 ± 35N; p = 0,02 and from 90,7 ± 31,7N to 96,7 ± 31,8N; p = 0,001, respectively). Conclusions: The eccentric active stretching program of the knee flexor muscles in a standing posture was effective to increase knee extension ROM, improving flexibility in the knee flexor muscles, although there was no change in the passive torque. It also improved the isometric and isokinetic peak torque from the muscle group submitted to the stretching and its antagonist group.
Estudo de um método de priorização de resíduos industriais para subsídio à minimização de resíduos químicos de laboratórios de universidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-28) Souza, Karina Elias de; Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
The majority of the Brazilian universities don t have systematic waste minimization program, especially for chemical laboratory wastes. However, the industries, due to legal responsibilities, economical factors and in order to use waste management as marketing, have been developed waste minimization procedures. This work presents a study of waste prioritization methods to be minimized and applied a industrial method and mathematical model developed by CERCAL (2000), which was adapted to teaching and research chemical laboratories waste of the Chemical Department (DQ) of Universidade Federal de São Carlos. The CERCAL s method covers three type of analysis: economical value, risk and waste minimization capacity. The economical value analysis won t be applied because the University doesn t have cost/benefit control sufficient for the application. The other two analysis were applied using questionnaire answered by technicians, teachers and researchers, where were determined the waste risk and minimization capacity and consequently, its prioritization. Thirteen DQ s laboratories were researched resulting in 107 answers, each one corresponding to one research or teach practice breeder of waste. The wastes were identified and grouped following the place they came from and its chemical likeness, in 27 groups. Among the 27 groups, 12 were classified by the application of the CERCAL s method as essentially priority to be minimized.
Áreas protegidas e turismo, estudo de caso: Parque Nacional do Pantanal Motogrossense/MT e seu entorno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-02-28) Tocantins, Nely; Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
In Brazil, as in other parts of the world, the appeal of visiting protected areas has significantly grown in the last few years, especially in National Parks which require adequated planning and management action to deal with this increased pressure. This study analyses the types of tourism, and the role of the residents in the immediate surrounding area, which are talking place in the National Park of the Mato Grosso (MT) Pantanal and in the Natural Penha(MS), Acurizal (MS) and Doroché (MT) Private Heritage Reserves, which, for convenience, were given the name of the Pantanal Complex of Protected Areas. This name was used when the area received the titles of World Natural Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve awarded by UNESCO in the year 2000. The National Park is not open to public visits but the Acurizal Reserve began a pilot Project in 2003 directed towards eco-tourism. ln the area near to the Complex live 20 families, approximately 70 people, who 1Pm off the collection live bait leading to their being known as isqueiros which makes them dependant on fishing tourism in the Iocation. The Complex shows conflicting uses such as amateur and professional fishing, the collecting of live bait, hunting, fires coming from neighboring areas, and the use of its surrounding area for the transport of convoys from the Paraná-Paraguay river route. From these analyses it was possible to propose some control and protection measures that could contribute as an aid to the execution of the Mariagement Plans that are being implemented in these Conservation Units.