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Estudo por espectroscopia Raman de efeitos de localização das excitações elementares em superredes e em ligas dopadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-22)
Carrasco, Veronica Elsa Espinoza
;
Galzerani, José Cláudio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2448874919199274
;
Pusep, Yuri
In the present work, the localization properties of the single-particle and collective excitations subjected to a random potential in the AlGaAsSi alloys and in the intentionally disordered GaAs/AlGaAs:Si superlattices (SL s)were investigated by magnetoresistance and Raman scattering. As it is well known, the fluctuations of the eletronic potential, which occur in doped SL s and alloys destroy the translational invariance giving rise to a spatial coherence length of the elementary excitations and, as consequence, cause the breakdown of the Raman selection rules leading to the broadening and assymetry of the Raman lines. The analysis of the shape of the spectral lines allows one to determine the coherence lengths of the elementary excitations involved in the Raman process and thus, to study their localization properties. It was shown that the Landau damping determines the localization lengths of the collective plasmon-like excitations in bulk AlGaAs alloy. Meanwhile the localization lengths of both,the single-particle and collective excitations are limited by disorder in the intentionally disordered superlattices. The localization lengths of the plasmon-like excitations obtained by Raman Spectroscopy was compared with the phase-breaking lengths measured by Magnetoresistance. We had verified that in superlattices the localization length of the individual electron was found to be considerably larger than localization length corresponding to the collective excitations. This suggests that the effect of disorder has weaker influence on the electrons than on their collective motion and that the interaction, which gives rise to the collective effects, increase the localization.
Síndrome da dor femoropatelar análise eletromiográfica, isocinética, ressonância magnética, dor e fadiga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-22)
Souza, Alessandra de Castro
;
Pedro, Vanessa Monteiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4302307099019276
;
SOUZA, A. C.
The purpose of this work was to analyze the electrical activity (EMG) of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) in association with the evaluation of the maximum isometric torque (MIT) of the quadriceps muscle, during the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extension in open kinetic chain (OKC) at 20o, 30o, 50o and 60o of knee flexion, also, pain and fatigue and the aspects in relation to patellae positioning: the sulcus angle (SA), the congruence angle (CA), patellar tilt angle (PTA) and lateral patellar displacement (LDP). Twenty four female subjects were evaluated (12 with patellofemoral pain syndrome PFPS and 12 clinically normal controls). For the EMG analysis simple surface differential active electrodes and a Signal Conditioner Module (MCS 1000-v2) were used. The electromyographic signal was quantified by the Root Mean Square (RMS), in µV, and normalized by the MVIC of 90o of knee extension. The subjects made 5 MVIC of knee extension, at 30o of flexion for the EMG and MMIT analysis and the NMRI with the quadriceps muscle relaxed were obtained at the same angles. The following statistic tests were used: ANOVA Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measurements for the EMG and MMIT analysis; the Mann-Whitney U test for the NMRI; and the One Way Analysis of Variance for the evaluation of intensity and discomfort from pain and fatigue (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed a higher electrical activity of the VLL muscle in relation to the VMO in the group with FPPS. The control group, the VMO and VLL did not present a significant difference in all studied angles. In both groups, VMO and VLL showed a higher electrical activity in comparison with VLO, in all angles. The MMIT values of the quadriceps did not differ among groups, however it did differ between angles. The highest MMIT value was 60o. The NMRI analysis revealed that the FPPS group presented higher values of SA and lower values of CA in relation to the Control group. The results showed an increase in pain and fatigue of the subjects with PFPS after the MVIC and in comparison with the Control group. The data of this study, on the experimental conditions, suggest that: a higher electrical activity of the VLL in addition with the increase in SA and decrease in CA in the subjects with PFPS can be factors favoring such individuals patellar instability. Pain and fatigue were greater in subjects with PFPS. The results showed that the EMG and the NMRI were instruments capable of differentiating the groups that were studied.
Filtração de gases: estudo do fenômeno da limpeza por blocos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-22)
Tieni, Érica Flávia
;
Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
This work had for purpose to study the phenomenon of patchy cleaning in the operation of the gas filtration, which happens when there is the incomplete regeneration of the filter. A parameter very used to characterize this henomenon it is the cleaned fraction, which is defined as the ratio between the cleaned areas to the total area of filtration. In order to investigate the atchy cleaning behavior, filtration experiments were accomplished, with the intention to study the action of the cleaning in the fabric of polyester, for different combinations of experimental conditions. To characterize the cleaning for blocks, it has been developed a methodology that includes imagining of the blocks and computer program that analyzes these images of the cake at the end of each cleaning cycle. Using these images it was possible to mark the areas removed with the aim to obtain the size of the removed blocks. The general results showed that: for the maximum pressure drop of 1960 Pa, the fabric presented saturation behavior starting from the second filtration cycle, and for the maximum pressure drop 2939 and 3919 Pa, starting from the fourth filtration cycle. Unlike what was expected, the maximum cleaning velocity was not the one that gives the maximum removal of the cake. The residual pressure drop showed relationship with the distribution of the sizes of the removed blocks. Concerning the quantification of the removed blocks, the removed total area did not present defined behavior with the number of cycles. The largest percentage of the removed blocks presented size between 0,1 e 1 cm2. The area fractions and mass fractions removed presented curves with similar behavior. Besides, the two fractions presented very close values to each other, showing that the technique proposed in this work of quantification of the size of the removed areas presented quite satisfactory results.
Cálculo de lajes lisas com protensão parcial e limitada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-23)
Mello, Ana Lucia Vargas de
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
Flat slabs are associated with rationalization, better esthetic conditions and higher speed during construction. The use of post-tension can make this system viable since it strongly improves the structural performance in respect to punching and in case of extreme deflection of the slab. The durability of prestressed concrete elements is assured by meeting their limiting crack requirements. The Brazilian code for structural concrete prescribes the obligation of using limited post-tension, within aggressive environments, and in other cases, partial posttension. The verifications to be made in both cases are different, as well as the calculation procedures. In this particular research, some procedures to determine the number of tendons that are needed for partial and limited post-tension are presented, as well as the wide range of possibilities in the use of quantitative passive and active reinforcements. Possible tendon profiles, horizontal tendon layouts, and the use of bonded or unbonded tendon are also suggested and discussed. All procedures are shown within a numerical example and according to the conditions foreseen in the Brazilian code for structural concrete. Based on the found results, the adopted procedures provided good solutions for design of post-tensioned slabs.
Simulação estacionária e dinâmica do reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo para o tratamento de águas residuárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-23)
Fabiano, Maressa
;
Kwong, Wu Hong
This work studied the horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) for the treatment of wastewater, developed in the Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation of the School of Engineering of São Carlos - USP. For the simulation and modeling of RAHLF, data of two HAIB were used, and; when the regime is the dynamic, one in bench scale treating wastewater containing poisonous substances (BTEX) and when the regime is the stationary, other in pilot scale treating sewer sanitarium. The study was divided in two parts: stationary regime and transient regime. In the first case the models were analyzed: pseudo - homogeneous with and without axial dispersion and the heterogeneous with axial dispersion; in the second case, the models were analyzed: pseudo - homogeneous and heterogeneous. The models of the first case were resolved respectively for the numeric methods of Runge - Kutta, of the finite differences and of the orthogonal collocation. In those models, when if it despised the axial dispersion the kinetic constant of first order was adjusted. Already in the other two models acted in this same case, they were adjusted the kinetic constant of first order and the coefficient of axial dispersion simultaneously. All of the methods numeric employees in the first case described the tendency of variation of the concentration well along the reactor and inside the particle, making possible the convergence of the solutions. The models without axial dispersion foresaw concentration values in the exit closest of the experimental values than the models with dispersion, and this, for his/her time foresaw closer values to the experimental ones in the intermediate points. In the second case, the models were solved through two methods, the method of the finite differences and the method of the sequence. The methods got to solve the equations that describe the behavior of the reactor satisfactorily and they show that the answer of the exit in the reactor is appropriately made calculations.
Uma contribuição para a formulação de diretrizes para elaboração do manual do usuário de edifícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-23)
Aguilera, Camila Garcia
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Novaes, Celso Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7340467051481570
Analyzing the existent norms, this investigation pretends to offer subsidies to collect and elaborate the information that must be include into the building user guide. In this manner, the user could accomplish correctly his functions. The focus of the research refrains from the user guide, whose objective is to transmit to the landed property s owner, in the instant of the key s delivery, the basics notions to the corrected use and maintenance of his propriety, assuring the durability, preventing damages from a bad use or the lack of conservation, and giving him a higher security and economy. For this valuation, the country s rules and legislation was analyzed, because now it claims the adoption of the manual, and norms and social behavior from other countries too, resulting in a consumer s defense movement. The work talks about constructive projects and processes used in the building sub sector and how the application of concepts and softwares can improve the satisfaction and the client s attending. The research presents too technical features like the retro alimentation and the as built project. The case study realized into this job, which consists in an interview accomplished with 11 engineers and 150 guide s users, reveals that, in spite of the consensus about the uses of the user guide, it further doesn t offers satisfactory and suitable information for it purposes. Rely on this data, the present work analyzes, comments and suggests modifications to the existents norms of the guide s elaboration serving.
Influência de íons metálicos na estrutura de substâncias húmicas detectados por espectroscopia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-23)
Barriquello, Marcilene Ferrari
;
Neves, Eduardo Fausto de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5299097658671260
INFLUENCE OF METAL CATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES AS DETECTED BY SPECTROSCOPY, involves a study by which starting from precursors of humic substances, some polymers were obtained, characterized and comparable with samples of humic acids. One such polymer with similar characteristics with humic acids was obtained by using as precursors hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone and 4-aminbenzoic acid, subjected to a synthesis under polymeric oxidation at an alkaline medium. The following structural characteristics of such polymers were studied in comparison with humic acids: influence of Cu, Fe and Mn cations in the structure of the synthesized polymers by spectral characteristica of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR), absorbance with UV-Vis light, fluorescence; experiments with Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with the polymers and humic acids. It has been found that the complexation with the Cu, Fe and Mn cations has affected the structure by increasing the molecular size as observed by the Size Exclusion Chromatography. After complexation with the metal cations the FTIR, UV-Vis and Fluorescence spectra has shown significant changes due to structural modifications, which indicates complex formation specially with the carboxylic and phenol groups found in the obtained polymers.
Identificação das fontes de poluição atmosférica na cidade de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-23)
Pozza, Simone Andréa
;
Coury, José Renato
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5530984461673946
The quality of the atmospheric air is of great importance for the health of the population. Among the quantifiable aspects of the air quality, one can find the particulate matter (PM) concentration in the atmosphere, whose fine (PM10) and ultra-fine (PM2.5) fractions have been extensively studied, as these particle size fractions are particularly damaging for the human health. The main objective of this work was the identification of emission sources of breathable particulate matter, as well as the quantification of their relative participation in the formation of the air pollution in São Carlos/SP, with the use of the reception model. The experiments used the dichotomous sampler for the collection of the particulate matter. Samples were taken in the receptor site, at the city center, in one year period. Also, the emission profiles of local sources (soil, vehicular emission, road dust re-suspension, sugar cane burning and vegetable burning) were measured. The mass concentration was obtained by weighing the sample filters before and after collection. The filter were then submitted to XRF analysis, and 14 chemical elements were quantified (Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb). Moreover, carbon detection was carried out by the DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) techniques. These values were fed to the EPA s CMB8 computer pack that calculates the relative contributions of the sources in the reception site. The results show the seasonal dependence of the sources in São Carlos, with the important presence of the vehicular emissions in the whole year. For the fine fraction, the contribution of the sugar cane burning was significant, in the dry season. In the ultra-fine fraction, an appreciable amount of secondary sulfur was found. The comparison between the source contributions calculated from the results of these work with those calculated utilizing data from the EPA´s SPECIATE library revealed very different profiles, confirming the importance of utilizing local sources in the modeling.
Avaliação de partículas poliméricas como material suporte em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado no tratamento de fenol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-24)
Sader, Leandro Takano
;
Silva, Edson Luiz
This work had as objective studies of the biofilms formation in polymerics particles used as material supports in anaerobic fluidized-bed reactors. Three polymerics supports were tested: polystyrene, PET and PVC, which suffered appropriate acid treatment, in way to provide them superficial characteristics as rugosity, porosity and favorable electric charge, with the purpose of favoring the microbial adhesion. The reactors were inoculated with sludge originating from reactor UASB that treated swine slaughterhouse residue, adapted to the degradation of the phenol by 150 days. The volume of the reactors was of 770cm3, and they operated with ascendant speed of 1,3 times of the flow rate of the minimum fluidization. The phenol concentration varied from 100 to 400mg/L in the feeding of each system, presenting results of removal of phenol of 97%, 98% and 97,5% and removal of DQO of 84%, 88,5% and 87%, respectively for the reactors with polystyrene, PET and PVC, which operated with time of detention hydraulic relative the height of the bed, corresponding to the reactional volume of the reactors (TDHr) of 22 h, 10,6 h and 20,4 h, respectively. The quantification of extracellular polymeric showed better results for the particles of PVC that it presented 0,2 mgCarbohydrate/gParticle and 0,06 mgProteyn/gParticle. However, deformations in those particles harming the acting of the reactor, defining as better support the particles of PET, and in this reactor the percentage of phenol removal was larger for a smaller TDHr.
Estudos por espectroscopia Raman da heteroestrutura semicondutora InxGa1-xP/GaAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-24)
Morais, Rômulo Ronan Oliveira de
;
Galzerani, José Cláudio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2448874919199274
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4990281576230103
In this work, the technique Raman spectroscopy is used in order to study InxGa1-xP films grown with different thickness on GaAs (001). Two sets of samples grown by CBE (Chemical Beam Epitaxy) were analized: the first a GaAs buffer layer of 3000 Ǻ and the second with an 1800 Ǻ buffer layer. Concerning vibrational modes, it was possibleto conclude that for In concentrations around 50 % this alloy has a two mode behaviour. Polarized Raman spectra allowed to estimate the ordering degree of the samples. It was possible to observe strong disorder for all of then, with 0,l26 ≤ η ≤ 0,443. Photoluminescence measurements confirmed the disordering. The stress, the lattice parameters and the concentrationsin the alloys were obtained from the variations of the vibrational modes. The interdifusion of P atoms through the GaAs buffer layer previously observed by X-Ray measurements was confirmed. Finally, a comparative study showed that a sensible difference occur between the vibrational modes of the alloys belonging to each set (with different buffer layer thicknesses). Besides, the absorption coefficients, was also shown to be different for each set.
Avaliação de transferência de calor e massa em biorreator Airlift de bancada para a produção de ácido clavulânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-28)
Cerri, Marcel Otávio
;
Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7999741482353508
The importance of the airlift bioreactor has grown in the biotechnology field by aspects as high oxygen transfer, with power input low. In this work were study the conditions heat and mass transfer, as well as the condenser efficiency in the water retention, of an airlift bench bioreactor of internal circulation of useful capacity 6 L. Such bioreactor is endowed with hollow draft tube working as a heat charger for temperature control and of aspersor type crosspiece for aspersion of air. Values of the heat transfer global coefficient (U) were certain in different operation conditions starting from applied energy balance in the system after the same to reach the steady state. Values of U varied in the range from 300 to 700 W.m-2.°C-1, showing that the device of thermal change proposed was efficient to heat removal. The results were correlated with the water flow inside the draft tube and with the feeding air flow in the bioreactor. After this stage, it was evaluated water drags of the bioreactor system plus condenser in different conditions of air flow and temperatures in the bioreactor and in the condenser. The condenser was shown efficient in the water retention, obtaining efficiency superior values to 80%, but it didn't solve the problem of water loss by water drag for the high air flows in that the airlift bioreactor is operated. The variable air flow was the variable that influenced more significantly water drags. The transfer oxygen was evaluated through the oxygen transfer volumetric coefficient (kLa). For comparison, kLa values were obtained in the airlift bioreactor operated in a range of specific feeding air flow from 1 to 5 vvm and in conventional bioreactor of 4 L, in different agitation conditions (600, 800 and 1000 rpm) and aeration (0,5 and 1,0 vvm). Two methods for kLa determination were employees, the sulfite method and the dynamic method considering the delay of the electrode answer. This last one that generated results between 2 and 6 times inferior, depending of bioreactor type, because it evaluates the kLa in coalescent media, similar to most of the media fermentation. Finally, to validate the use of the system as bioreactor, cultivations with Streptomyces clavuligerus seeking to the production of clavulanic acid, a potent inhibitor of β-lactamase, enzyme producted by patogenics microorganism that broke β-lactamic rings of antibiotics. Four cultivations were accomplished, two in airlift bioreactor and two in bioreactor conventional (Bioflo III) in two different conditions of oxygen transfer (kLa) and the results were compared in terms of clavulanic acid production. The maximum clavulanic acid concentrations obtained in the cultivations in airlift bioreactor were superior those obtained in conventional bioreactor, with minors consistence index (K), showing larger shear rate in the airlift bioreactors in the same conditions of transfer oxygen. In global terms, the obtained results suggest that bioreactor as the most appropriate for this cultivation type, justified for the appropriate heat and mass transfers formed an alliance with the smallest energy consumption.
Contribuição ao estudo de controle plantwinde: controle indireto e coordenação de controladores descentralizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-28)
Hori, Eduardo Shigueo
;
Kwong, Wu Hong
The design of plantwide control systems has received increasing attention in the last years. The modern chemical plants usually consist of hundreds of interconnected elementary processes and unit operations (large scale complex systems). These plants are usually characterized and dominated by large and highly integrated and automatized installations, with several recycle streams, more heat integration and fewer inventories. All these factors lead to high interactions among the subunits caused by material and energy recycle and, consequently to the need for a perspective beyond individual units. The plantwide system control design procedure is not clear and the literature is scarce about this issue, comparatively with simple unit design. In this way, a large challenge for the Chemical Engineer in the last decades has been designing control systems that operate with safety and bring the performance objectives needed to control these complex plants. The main objective of this project is to study the plantwide control problem aiming, particularly, the choice of controlled variables and the coordination of several decentralized controllers to avoid conflicting control actions. The results presented in this thesis show that the work objective was reached successfully, due to a significant contribution to plantwide control study.
Avaliação experimental do fenômeno de retração em alvenaria de blocos de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-28)
Barbosa, Kleilson Carmo
;
Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
The shrinkage phenomenon is the cause of many verified pathological manifestations in buildings, especially in those with masonry produced with concrete blocks. The present work has as goal experimentally to evaluate the effect of shrinkage in masonry of concrete blocks. Studies had been carried through of shrinkage tests with blocks of different strength and processes of cure and also monitoring deformations of small walls constructed with each type of block. The walls had its deformations monitored for a period of one year, having been that the analyses had been formed taking in account the three first months of age. With the shrinkage tests are expected to get coefficients that allow the forecast of this effect in walls. From the necessary knowledge of the shrinkage of the wall it is possible to foresee the possibility of the appearance of cracks and to determine the necessity of the creation of control joints to prevent pathology and also to foresee losses of protension in prestressed masonry. As result of the work was possible to improve the procedure of test of shrinkage of concrete blocks according to Brazilian normalization. From the tests of walls it can be suggested values of shrinkage coefficient to be considered in project. Also it was possible to quantify some relative characteristics to the phenomenon, as the highest shrinkage observed in blocks produced with low quality control and in walls executed in recent ages, the impediment of shrinkage in the first row due to restriction of the support slab, the same order of magnitude for vertical and horizontal unrestricted shrinkage, among others.
Solução de um modelo de vértices assimétrico de três estados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-29)
Melo, Cláudio Silva de
;
Martins, Márcio José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1875815921495261
In this work we first review some of the techniques relevant to the theory of two-dimensional integrable models. We apply the Quantum Inverse Scattering approach to a class of three-state vertex model with both closed and open boundaries. The respective transfer matrices eigenvalues and eigenvectors are determined by the algebraic Bethe ansatz method.
Estudo experimental da deformação ao longo do tempo de lajes contínuas e simplesmente apoiadas executadas com vigotas pré-moldadas de concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-29)
Kataoka, Luciana Tiemi
;
Carvalho, Roberto Chust
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
This research deals with the experimental investigation of time dependent deformations in partially precast floors with composite beam-and-block floor systems made with reinforced concrete lattice joist through the measurement of deflections of prototypes with real dimensions. It is a continuation of several researches of composite beam-and-block floor systems done in Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Besides the accompanied measurement deflections of four already existents prototypes, with ages of three and a half years, it was studied eight new prototypes built in pairs. Four prototypes are localized in an acclimatized room in other to keep the values of temperature and humidity constant, and the other four prototypes, with identical characteristics, localized inside of a covered area where the temperature and humidity vary. The climatic variations were measured and analyzed in the evaluation of time dependent deformation. In the new prototypes the strain were also accompanied in the concrete and in the reinforcement, as well as their influences in time dependent deformation. Simultaneously to the experimental study, models for predicting creep are tested for prediction of deflections along the time, including the new version of Brazilian Code for Structural Concrete (NBR6118:2003). The research also establishes the ratio of long-term deflections (infinite) to the instantaneous deformation and it evaluates how the deformation develops in composite beamand- block floor systems of different supports, wherein statically and hyperstatically structures were studied. As a conclusion in this research, conforming in others already done by the study group, it has been found the results give strongly indication that the composite beam-and-block floor systems deformations are a decisive factor in design and that the shrinkage of the concrete increases this effect.
Definição de um indicador para avaliar a acessibilidade dos alunos da zona rural às escolas da zona urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-29)
Pegoretti, Michela Sagrillo
;
Sanches, Suely da Penha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
The main objective of this work was to establish an indicator to evaluate students accessibility from rural to urban areas. It involves the broad issue of rural versus urban dichotomy and the evolution of social and spatial segregation process in the cities, which reaches the rural area, isolsting it and restricting people s access to different activities. It also establishes the importance of cities accessibility improvement by rural zones inhabitants, through means of transportation, as a way of mitigating opportunity difference that reach people who live in the field, specially those who are attending school. This paper analyses the situation of rural school transportation in Brazil, identifying the most relevant attributes that interfere in the accessibility: children walking distances, travel time and characteristics of the roads and safety/comfort in the vehicles. The accessibility patterns were evaluated in regard to the trips from the residence to the bus stop (walk trip) and the trips from the bus stop to the schools (by motorized vehicles). The methodology for the research development consisted on the use of a multicriterial evaluation method, composed by four steps: attributes choice, determining attribute importance, normalization and combination. In one of these steps, a survey was made with 120 (one hundred twenty) professionals who act on education and transportation areas to evaluate the importance of the accessibility attributes and higher acceptable distance values travelled by foot and the travel time to school. The case study was developed in the city of São Carlos, where the defined indicator was applied to seven (07) transport lines in the afternoon period on the district of Água Vermelha. The final research result, generated on TransCAD, is shown by means of a map of multicriterial accessibility of the chosen region. The analyses realized about the results, prove that more distant boarding places from rural schools do not have, as a rule, lower levels of accessibility and that minimizing students walking distances from home to the boarding stops is a very important point to be considered on the planning of rural school transportation.
Fenologia, maturação fisiológica e aspectos da germinação de sementes de Platymiscium floribundum Vog. no Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren, Instituto Florestal, São Paulo - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-30)
Silva, Maria Conceição Carvalho da
;
Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
In this work was evaluated the seeds and fruits development of Plathymiscium floribundum Vog. and associated it with the phenophases, in order to get seeds with high physiological quality. The phenological observations were carried out using 20 matrix from Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren belong to Instituto Florestal - SP, since January 2001 until December 2003. For the maturation study fruits and seeds were collected, and were realized determinations as physical, chemical parameters, physiology and color patterns. The data recorded showed that the flower and fruit production occurred at the spring, during the rainy season. Besides it, in several trees the flower production was not followed by fruit development. The total abscision of these organs was observed. The seed production occurred in periods longer than one year, and was restricted to some individuals. The fruits produced at 2002 did not reach the mature stage, and only two matrix produced flowers and fruits. During 2003 all the fruits were detached by abscision. The fruit color and the dry weight of the fruits and seeds are good indicators for the physiology maturity of the seeds. This work also evaluated the vigor of Plathymiscium floribundum Vog. seeds, fresh harvest with 8,97% of moisture and stored during 75 days at room environment inside paper bags. The determinations were done each 15 days and included: moisture content, rate and percentage germination, electrical conductivity (EC) accelerated aging (AA) and tetrazolium test (TZ). The experiments were carried out with four replications of 15 seeds. For the EC test the seeds were weight and after were put inside plastic cups with 75 mL of distilled water, during 24h at 25oC. The values obtained differ after storage during 15 days. The AA was realized at 40oC and 100% of R.U. during 6 and 24 h and a difference was only registered after storage during 75 days. For the TZ test the seeds were pre imbibed during 24h at 25oC, without pericarp and immersed in solution 1% concentrated. The seeds presented high physiological quality, and the decrease only occurred at the last storage period. In this research was also evaluated the maximum tolerance limits for water and salt stresses on Platymiscium floribundum seeds, imbibed in KCl, NaCl, mannitol and PEG 6000 solutions for salt and water stress, respectively with osmotic potentials: 0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8; and -1,0MPa. The experiments were carried out with four replications of 20 seeds germinated at 27°C, and continuous light The obtained data were submitted to variance analysis and Tukey test. A significance reduction on rate and percentage germination was registered at -0,2MPa and -0,6MPa, respectively, using mannitol solutions. When PEG solutions were used a significantly reduction on rate and germination percentage was at -0,4 MPa. When KCl and NaCl solutions were used a gradual reduction on germination percentage occurred. The highest values of rate and germination percentage were registered for seeds germinated in mannitol solutions, in all osmotic potentials. In relation to salt stress the reductions on rate and germination percentage occurred slightly, in contrast to water stress. A significantly decrease on germination percentage was verified at -0,4MPa, for both salt solutions. In relation to germination rate, the reduction was first detected at -0,6MPa and -0,8MPa for KCl and NaCl solutions, respectively. The maximal tolerance limit was the same, between -1,0 and -1,2MPa, for salt and water stress.
Modelagem de dados de sobrevivência via modelo de risco logístico generalizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-30)
Cremasco, Caroline Pires
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5339144730881561
The modeling of data of survival with the presence of covariáveis by means of the risk function has been each used time more had the easiness of interpretation One of the examples most important of risk models is the model of proportional risks considered by Cox (1972). However, this model assumes the proportionality enters the risk functions in diLerent levels of the covariáveis. To accomodate situations where the model of proportional risks is not adjusted, some types of notproportional models are being developed, as the model of sped up imperfection, considered for Prentice (1978), the model of hybrid risk of Etezadi-Amoli and Ciampi (1987) and the generalized models of hybrid risk of Louzada-Neto (1997 and 1999). In this work we explore an one new family parametric of model of dependent not-proportional risk of the time (McKenzie, 1999). This model is based on the generalization of the usual logistic function and is motivated, in part, for the necessity of if considering the eLect of the time in the modeling, and, in part, for the preference in if considering a parametric structure for the risk function. Some inferenciais procedures related this new family of models are presented.The modeling of data of survival with the presence of covariáveis by means of the risk function has been each used time more had the easiness of interpretation One of the examples most important of risk models is the model of proportional risks considered by Cox (1972). However, this model assumes the proportionality enters the risk functions in diLerent levels of the covariáveis. To accomodate situations where the model of proportional risks is not adjusted, some types of notproportional models are being developed, as the model of sped up imperfection, considered for Prentice (1978), the model of hybrid risk of Etezadi-Amoli and Ciampi (1987) and the generalized models of hybrid risk of Louzada-Neto (1997 and 1999). In this work we explore an one new family parametric of model of dependent not-proportional risk of the time (McKenzie, 1999). This model is based on the generalization of the usual logistic function and is motivated, in part, for the necessity of if considering the eLect of the time in the modeling, and, in part, for the preference in if considering a parametric structure for the risk function. Some inferenciais procedures related this new family of models are presented.
Representações sociais do trabalho carcerário feminino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-31)
Moki, Michelle Peixoto
;
Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
This dissertation: The social representations about the feminine prison labor aims at collecting and analysing the social representations the women who are prisoners (women inmates) and the ones who work at prison, such as guards, teachers and principals of the Penitenciária Feminina da Capital (São Paulo SP) have about work. The work is considered by the prisoners as an opportunity to earn money and at the same time as a brief scape from their reality. Besides, the prison labor has a variety of values which are associated to values expressed by the ones who are not at prison. Therefore the prison labor is conceived as something highly positive which gives the prisoners the citizenship passport. Even when the feminine prisoners do not agree with the work at prison, they are forced to work as the work is conceptualized as something which might rescue the criminals, offering them the possibility of being reintegrated in society.
Efeitos de diferentes intervenções nutricionais e do exercício físico sobre a regulação hormonal da ingestão alimentar e o metabolismo lipídico em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-31)
Cheik, Nadia Carla
;
Dâmaso, Ana Raimunda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8198400959291700
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879799494543129
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, indicating that environmental and behavioral aspects play an important causal role. Among the environmental influences, the percentage of fat energy in everyday diet and the lack of physical activity are two important factors, so the mechanisms that control food intake and body weight are essential in public health. The adipose tissue is regulated by several hormones and neuropeptides. Two of these, the circulating peptide hormones leptin and ghrelin, have actions that include reciprocal effects on appetite-regulating neurons in the hypothalamus. This study aimed to observe whether the effects of continuos fedding with a palatable hyperlipidic diet and cycling this diet with a chow one and also entends to design the effects of exercise on these diet regimens.The animals (rats) were assigned to six differents experimental groups:sedentary rats fed with chow diet(SP); exercised rats fed with chow diet(TP); sedentary rats fed with a palatable hyperlipidic diet(SH); exercised rats fed with a palatable hyperlipidic diet(TH); sedentary rats fed with food cycles, alternating weekly the chow diet wih hyperlipidic one(SC); and exercised rats fed with food cycles(TC). The data showed that the two hyperlipidic diet regimens significantly increased RET and EPI weights, area and diameter of adiposity cells, promoted hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia and decreased significantly lipogenesis rate in RET and EPI, showed also percentual reduction in ghrelin levels, but didn t affect the lipolysis rate. In addition, the present investigation showed that chronic exercise decreased body weight gain and adiposity and attenuated insulin, leptin levels in both high-fat feeding regimens, also reduction in ghrelin levels in TP and increased the lipolysis rate under all regimens, excepting in food cycle treatment. Results suggest that diet and exercise affected serum levels anorexigenic and orexigenic hormones and the lipid metabolism.