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Representações sociais do trabalho carcerário feminino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-31) Moki, Michelle Peixoto; Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
This dissertation: The social representations about the feminine prison labor aims at collecting and analysing the social representations the women who are prisoners (women inmates) and the ones who work at prison, such as guards, teachers and principals of the Penitenciária Feminina da Capital (São Paulo SP) have about work. The work is considered by the prisoners as an opportunity to earn money and at the same time as a brief scape from their reality. Besides, the prison labor has a variety of values which are associated to values expressed by the ones who are not at prison. Therefore the prison labor is conceived as something highly positive which gives the prisoners the citizenship passport. Even when the feminine prisoners do not agree with the work at prison, they are forced to work as the work is conceptualized as something which might rescue the criminals, offering them the possibility of being reintegrated in society.
Efeitos de diferentes intervenções nutricionais e do exercício físico sobre a regulação hormonal da ingestão alimentar e o metabolismo lipídico em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-31) Cheik, Nadia Carla; Dâmaso, Ana Raimunda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8198400959291700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879799494543129
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, indicating that environmental and behavioral aspects play an important causal role. Among the environmental influences, the percentage of fat energy in everyday diet and the lack of physical activity are two important factors, so the mechanisms that control food intake and body weight are essential in public health. The adipose tissue is regulated by several hormones and neuropeptides. Two of these, the circulating peptide hormones leptin and ghrelin, have actions that include reciprocal effects on appetite-regulating neurons in the hypothalamus. This study aimed to observe whether the effects of continuos fedding with a palatable hyperlipidic diet and cycling this diet with a chow one and also entends to design the effects of exercise on these diet regimens.The animals (rats) were assigned to six differents experimental groups:sedentary rats fed with chow diet(SP); exercised rats fed with chow diet(TP); sedentary rats fed with a palatable hyperlipidic diet(SH); exercised rats fed with a palatable hyperlipidic diet(TH); sedentary rats fed with food cycles, alternating weekly the chow diet wih hyperlipidic one(SC); and exercised rats fed with food cycles(TC). The data showed that the two hyperlipidic diet regimens significantly increased RET and EPI weights, area and diameter of adiposity cells, promoted hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia and decreased significantly lipogenesis rate in RET and EPI, showed also percentual reduction in ghrelin levels, but didn t affect the lipolysis rate. In addition, the present investigation showed that chronic exercise decreased body weight gain and adiposity and attenuated insulin, leptin levels in both high-fat feeding regimens, also reduction in ghrelin levels in TP and increased the lipolysis rate under all regimens, excepting in food cycle treatment. Results suggest that diet and exercise affected serum levels anorexigenic and orexigenic hormones and the lipid metabolism.
A fauna de Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) na região de Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-31) Gomes, Silvana Angélica Gama; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
This work had as main objective to carry through a study of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) fauna in Campos do Jordão, SP, using Malaise traps and "sweeping" at the vegetation in 15 points in different altitudes (600 to 2000 m). About 3580 specimens, distributed in 23 subfamilies, 103 genera and 1420 morphospecies have been collected during the four collects carried through two dry seasons and two rain seasons, from November, 2001 to September, 2002. We have obtained climate data and vegetation data, in each point, to characterize and to relate them with the frequency of occurrence, richness and diversity of the Braconidae fauna. The greatest density and diversity have occurred during the rain season and the most abundant groups, in both seasons, were the Microgastrinae, Helconinae, Doryctinae and Alysiinae. Statistical analyses have indicated that the frequency of occurrence of some Braconidae groups was influenced by the different altitude. The greatest Braconidae diversity occurred at the1500 m of altitude and the greatest equitability at the 1300 m, demonstrating the preference for points with opened areas, where the luminosity is high, and contribute to the development of the vegetation, that is the food source to its hosts. The asymptote phase of the genera richness was not reached in none of the sampled points. The flight species phenology of the 23 subfamilies was also studied. The more commom subfamilies were the coinobiont Microgastrinae and the idiobiont Doryctinae. All the collected parasitoids have presented two peaks of occurrence at the same time, November/December (2001) and September/October (2002). The females were more commom than the males and they presented their peaks of ocurrence at same time. The coinobionts and idiobionts species had presented an increase in the abundance during the periods when the temperature and the rainfall had been higher. A new Doryctinae genus, a new Heterospathius and Helconichia species were described and illustrated. The Campos do Jordão region is favorable to the development and maintenance of the Braconidae fauna and therefore its preservation must be considered.
Avaliação de limiar e máximo conforto auditivo por meio de procedimentos operantes com crianças surdas prélinguais submetidas a implante coclear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-03-31) Silva, Wagner Rogério da; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3170433350044049
The cochlear implant is a prosthetic electric device that is implanted through surgery. I has the propose of substituting the cochlear functions allowing thus, the individuals with pre and post-linguistic neurosensorial deafness to begin to detect environmental sounds. One of the necessary procedures to help someone to develop hearing skills after the implant is to trace electrodes, which is a procedure that basically consist of determining measures of threshold and maximum hearing comfort for each implanted electrode. In order to obtain these within the clinical practice, the oral skills of the individuals with implant must be considered. The precision of these measures become very compromised among implanted children with pre-linguist deafness, due to the deficit of their speech capacity. The purpose of the present study is to propose an evaluation of two procedures that attempt to obtain measures of both, hearing threshold and maximum hearing comfort without using neither, directions or verbal answers. The study consist de two experiments composed by seven pre-linguist children with profoundly neurosensorial deafness, which have acquired the Nucleus 24® cochlear implant system . In one of de procedures, a simple operant discrimination between the presence and absence of de hearing stimulus was established during the training phase. Following, a testing phase was introduced in order to determine the hearing threshold to assess the discrimination loss through a descendant scale, which measures the variation intensity of the electric stimulus (Experiment 1). In the other procedure, it was established that during the electric stimulation of the training phase, an answer could stop the stimulus while no answer produce a positive reinforcement. Next, the intensity of the stimulus was modified during the test phase in ascendant scales with or without an answer, in order to determine whether or not the stimulus was comfortable to the subject (Experiment 2). In both procedures, the electric stimulation was realized through an electrode located in the cochlear medial region. Electro-physiologic measures of the ECAP and ESR were evaluated in an additive form within the same date that the operational procedures were realized. Also, measures of the hearing threshold obtained during clinical approach of the last evaluation, preceding the beginning of the experiments, were registered. All of these measures were compared to results obtained from de operant procedures. The results demonstrated in the Experiment 1, all of the participants learned the taught discrimination and how to use this skill during the variation of the electric stimulation in descendant scales. This experiment was also used to indicate hearing threshold measures with consistence to all of the participants. In the Experiment 2, five of the seven participants mastered the procedure; however, the results indicate that the order two participants learned that the answer would interrupt an electric stimulus and its absence would lead to the reinforcement. Thus, their performance aimed for identification of the consistence level of the maximum comfort in ascendant scales of variation. The training phase was not successful with the other participants, compromising then the consistence of the performance demonstrated during the testing phase; nonetheless, the measures are suggested for them as well. Concerning the relationship among the operant measures and the other measures betaken in the study, the results show that measures of operant threshold are similar to or smaller than the measures obtained through clinical methods. Regarding the maximum comfort values as the most relevant data. It has been emphasized that the two participants that fulfilled the expected performance in the procedure, demonstrated stapedial reflex values (ESR) similar to the obtained from operant form. The data suggest initial evidence that the operant procedure can contribute to the realization of tracing electrodes with larger precision among pre-linguistic children with implants.