Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2005-04-06"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 22640

Regularização fundiária na cidade de Piracicaba-SP: ações e conflitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-06)
Funes, Silvia Maria Morales
;
Shimbo, Ioshiaqui
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315114291031702
This work treats the issue of the land regularization of shantytowns, which, analyzed as a wider subject, also includes urban and juridical interventions. This research focused on the difficulties found in the development and conclusion of the land regularization legal processes, specially the juridical matter, in other words, the possession or property of the land, which the occupants demand so much. For an empirical approach, we studied Piracicaba, a town in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. On the subject of shantytowns, Piracicaba is different from most of the average sized towns in the country, both in quantity and urban location. While most of them have around 20% of their populations living in shanty towns, precarious urban outline and lack of infra-structure, the population that lives in shanty towns in Piracicaba is 5%, most of their nuclei present a reasonable urban outline and, at least, they have access to basic infra-structure. The hypothesis that led the research was that the legal processes of land regularization in shanty towns in Piracicaba were not concluded because of the absence of an inhabitation public policy, that included the land regularization, in which conditioning factors for the formulation and implementation of the legal processes are essentially the elaboration and materialization of the legislation, the existence of institutional stability, the continuance of administrative actions when there is a change in the government, financial viability, and the necessity of the participation of the population. To verify the hypothesis, we have picked, as studies of cases, three nuclei of shantytowns, among the fourty existent in Piracicaba, verifying the evidences that occurred in each regularization legal process that intercepted their conclusions. The period of analysis happens from the beginning of 1991 to the end of 2004. The methodology included bibliographical revision of the literature and the study of the legislation related to the subject, the documental analysis of the empirical processes found in the municipal bodies, interviews, the elaboration of a chart showing the evidences that happened in the three legal processes that were studied, and the organization and analysis of the information obtained for the hypothesis verification. At the end, we present the final considerations, showing that the initial hypothesis was confirmed.
Análise em fluxo e análise in situ como estratégias de melhoramento da seqüência analítica de amostras agronômicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-06)
Lemos, Sherlan Guimarães
;
Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
The present work discusses the use of alternative approaches for the improvement of the agronomic sample analytical pathway. It was focused on the elimination of the sampling step, with the in situ soil analysis, or in the measurement step with the adoption of flow analysis procedures, with the development of two analytical systems. The first one was employed in the total nitrogen and its inorganic forms determination in plant and soil samples, based on the Berthelot reaction. The second flow analysis system was developed for phosphorous speciation in seeds and grains samples used in animal nutrition by means a cobalt metallic electrode. For the elimination of the sampling step in the process of soil analysis, an analytical probe prototype was developed (hardware probe, sensors and electronic instrumentation and software algorithms for acquirement, processing, conversion, storage and data transfer) by using PVC membrane ion-selective sensors suitable to be inserted into soils for obtaining in situ and real time information of nutrient assimilation on agricultural soils. Parameters as pH and availability of some nutrients (K+; N, as NO3 - and NH4 +; Ca2+ and P, as H2PO4 -/ HPO4 2-) were evaluated in this stage. Although more systematic studies are needed, the results showed good responses of the studied sensors, and the great applicability of the developed instrumentation in the fertility irrigation monitoring, helping to establish rational processes in agricultural systems.
Determinação de As, Sb e Se em material agronômico por espectrometria de emissão óptica acoplada a plasma induzido com geração de hidretos (HG-ICP-OES)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-07)
Crispino, Carla Cripa
;
Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
With the objective to attain maximum productivity with small costs, organic and inorganic chemical parameters are used to evaluate and monitoring crops and animals development. Inorganic amounts in agronomic samples have great importance in the production evaluation. Some of elements in those samples could be an indicative of quality, owing to their requirement (Se) or toxicity (As, Sb), even when they are present in µg kg-1 levels, needing a technique with high sensibility for quantification. The aim of this work was the development of a simple system of hydride generation by continuous flow combined with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for simultaneous determination of As, Sb and Se in agronomic samples. The work attained to a gas-liquid separator development, and an experimental planning to established the chemical and instrumental conditions of hydride generation. The HCl, NaBH4 and KI concentrations, such as the R.F. power, carrier gas flow and the viewing height, were evaluated besides the study of a more appropriate sample preparation. Limits of detection of the proposed system were 0.1 µg L-1 for As, Sb and Se and the limits of quantification were 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 µg L-1 for As, Sb and Se respectively with RSD smaller than 10% and 30 samples per hour of reading speed. In view to observe the accuracy, four different kinds of samples forage and bovine-derived samples (blood, viscera and semen) were spiking with analytes concentration in the µg L-1 level. Recoveries around 77 to 112% were found. The results present the possibility to use the proposed system in agronomic projects developed with the objective to determine essential and toxic analytes in different kinds of feed and animal samples, contributing to evaluation of nutritional demands and the increase of efficiency in the bovine production systems.
Catalisadores de Ni/Al2O3 promovidos com Au e Ag aplicados à reforma a vapor do metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-08)
Rocha, Kleper de Oliveira
;
Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
15%Ni/Al2O3 catalysts was obtained by impregnation with Ni(NO3)2 aqueous solution and promoted with Au and Ag. The Au was successively impregnated with aqueous solution of [Au(NH3)4](NO3)3. The Ag was coimpregnated with aqueous solution of AgNO3- Ni(NO3)2. The effect of Ag and Au on the catalytic behavior of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in the reaction of steam reforming of CH4 was elucidate. The catalysts were characterized by temperatureprogrammed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed dessorption of H2 (TPDH2) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of CO adsorption. TPR results indicated that NiO is in weak interaction with support and the temperature reduction of NiO is independent of Ag and Au presence. FTIR data of CO adsorbed showed that Ag and Au suppress the CO adsorption in poli-coordination relative to the linear CO. Ag or Au on the Ni surface presents a determinant role in the block of graphitic carbon formation in the reaction of steam reforming of CH4. The fit of Arrhenius equation to rate of the total reaction showed a compensation effect between the apparent activation energy (Ea ap) and logarithmic of prefactor (k0). The linear increase of Ea ap with rise of lnk0 is observed increasing Ag and Au loading, which is followed by decreasing of the catalytic activity. Theses results suggest that the CHx intermediates, formed in the determinant stage of global velocity, show low interaction of with surface of Ni. The increase of the resistance for graphite formation by presence of Ag or Au is mainly attributed to the block of highly uncoordinated Ni atoms, which are higher activity to activation of CH4 and act as nucleation site for graphite formation.
Estudo da reação de formação do pigmento cerâmico azul (V-ZrSiO4) a partir de SiO2, ZrO2 e V2O5
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-08)
Cabrelon, Marcelo Dezena
;
Boschi, Anselmo Ortega
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3259846931278607
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1705435326010511
The present work aimed to study the process of synthesis of one of the most important ceramic pigments manufactured by the traditional method of oxide mixture: the turquoise blue of vanadium doped zircon. The plan proposed to this work was subdivided in four stages with own and complementary objectives to the general objective of the work, which is to identify the role played by the main involved variable in the reaction of synthesis of the pigment in question. Considering that, the reaction of synthesis of blue pigment V-ZrSiO4 consists basically on the synthesis of the ZrSiO4 from SiO2 and ZrO2, Part I studied the effect of the characteristics of raw materials, the method and conditions of mixture and the conditions of calcinations on the reaction of synthesis of zirconium silicate, witch indicated that the mixture method acts in decisive way in the process in solid state of zircon formation. Part II correlated the effect of the amount of inserted doped in crystalline lattice and its influence in the strong color capacity of obtained products, as well as its stability in aggressive glass ways, that showed to the saturation of the crystal host from 7% of used, beyond the slightly harmful influence of the time and temperature of burning in the observed final color. Parts III and IV aimed to study the viability of using the tools of statistical planning of experiment, in the studied of the variable using traditional analysis in part I e II. The results indicated a total correlation between the methodologies, in which the statistical tools generated results with bigger load of information with minimum number of experiments.
Utilização de modelos moleculares no ensino de estequiometria para alunos do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-11)
Migliato Filho, José Roberto
;
Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
The lack instructional materials for science teaching is a common problem in Brazil, and concerning to chemistry teaching in particular this problem can be observed even in more developed countries. Although molecular models are one of the few materials available for chemistry teaching, they have been hardly used, and this application has been restricted to lessons related to molecular geometry. The lack of materials has specially interfered with stoichiometry teaching, inasmuch as many authors have pointed out that it is one of the most difficult topics for students to understand. This works describes different exercises which were carried out in stoichiometry short courses by using the molecular models as a major teaching resource. These courses were provided for secondary school students in the laboratories of the DQ/UFSCar as well as in two public schools in the city of São Carlos São Paulo, one in a suburb and one in the city center. To collect data, the exercises were performed so that students could use the molecular models. The results showed that such material facilitated the learning process involved in completing exercises related to balancing chemical equations, Lavoisier Law, Proust Law, molar volume, and performance of chemical reactions. It was also verified that the students became independent of simulations with the material during the first exercises at once, and concerning more complex problem, they were almost completely independent. According to the students the use of molecular models made it much easier for them to understand the topics of the short courses. It thus supports researches suggesting that teaching methodologies should prioritize the introduction of new concepts without including mathematical aspects as means of avoiding difficulties in learning chemistry, which are so common in Brazilian Secondary Schools.
A especificação da ação afirmativa no Brasil: a experiência do centro nacional de cidadania negra em Uberaba - MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-11)
Aguiar, Márcio Mucedula
;
Silvério, Valter Roberto
This term paper aims to analyse the policies against discrimination and racism of the Black Citizenship National Centre, in Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais. We firmly believe that the incorporation of the myth of racial democracy and its logical ambiguity is directly related to the strategic action against racial inequality developed by this Institute. Such ambiguity can be seen from its conception of Affirmative Actions which combines specific measures for the Black and global measures for everybody, no matter their financial situation or their ethnic-racial identity. This study found out that The Black Citizenship National Centre was born and developed under the strong influence of Black´s movements and claims held at the beginning of the last century as well as their present demands. Besides that, its ambiguous perception of the racial inequalities enables the emergence of allied people from different races and financial situation who could be vital for the construction of an effective racial democracy in Brazil.
Chironomidae (Diptera) em córregos de baixa ordem em áreas florestadas do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-12)
Roque, Fábio de Oliveira
;
Strixino, Susana Trivinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
With the aim of understanding the distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest streams at multiple spatial scales, we carried out three complementary studies, which are presented here as chapters: 1) we focus on Chironomidae species richness; 2) we assess the Chironomidae larvae distribution attempting to explore some aspects that could be most influential in determining the chironomid spatial distribution; 3) we report the occurrence of chironomid larvae in fallen-fruits in Atlantic Forest streams. We selected 5 sites in the State of São Paulo and we designed a stratified sampling design incorporating environmental characteristics that potentially may influence chironomid distribution in the different scales (variation among sites streams mesohabitats). We used different sampling methods for collecting larvae, exuviae and adults of Chironomidae. As a whole, our results allow us to point out: 1) low order streams from Atlantic Forest as one of the most chironomid speciose areas in the world; 2) the chironomid assemblage is taxonomically deep, with some genera being represented by a large number of species (Tanytarsus, Caladomyia, Polypedilum, and Stenochironomus); 3) the identification of the scale importance depends on the chironomid assemblage descriptor and the taxonomic resolution considered; 4) studies focusing on one scale or habitat (e.g. riffles) are not appropriate for studying Chironomidae distribution patterns and richness in low order streams; 5) biological traits of some groups may underlie most evident in-stream chironomid distribution pattern; 5) the input of allochthonous matter from riparian vegetation, particularly fallen-fruits, represents an important habitat and food resource for chironomids in Atlantic Forest streams.
Movimento negro no cenário brasileiro: embates e contribuições à política educacional nas décadas de 1980-1990
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-12)
Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
;
Silvério, Valter Roberto
Influência de um novo produto fermentado de soja sobre o metabolismo lipídico tecidual em ratos submetidos a uma dieta enriquecida com colesterol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-15)
Viana, Fabiana Pavan
;
Dâmaso, Ana Raimunda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8198400959291700
In relation to many types of diets, soybean has been researched as a possible cohelping resource in the treatment of diverse pathologies. Therefore, the objective of this current work was to investigate the manifestation of a new soybean fermented product with added Enteroccocus Faecium and Lactobaccilus Jugurti on the lipid metabolism of male Wistar rats, aged approximately 3 months and weighing between 220-240 grams. They were divided into four experimental groups and treated with different types of diets: Standard diet C; Standard diet associated to the fermented product CPF 1ml/day/rat); Hypercholesterolemic diet associated to the Fermented Product HPF; Hypercholesterolemic diet H. The rats were maintained sedentary throughout the entire experimental period. After 08 weeks of treatment they were slaughtered, separating and weighing the plasma, the white retroperitoneal adipose tissues RET and epididimal EPI, the brown interescapular adipose tissue TAM, gastrocnemic muscle GAST and liver FIG. These were stored in a freezer at -20oC for biochemical and morphological analysis. The results demonstrated that the soybean fermented product diminished body weight gain in rats submitted to the high rate cholesterol diet as well as the standard diet. Most of the evidence proved that the soybean fermented product diminished the lipid synthesis, adipose areas and diameter, increased lipololysis, diminished the fat content (in some situations) and the RET and EPI adipose tissues, mainly when the animals were submitted to a hypercholesterolemic diet. Furthermore, it was observed that this product reduced the fat content, lipid synthesis and FIG weight, even when the animals were submitted to a high rate cholesterol diet. Another effect that was observed of the soybean fermented product was the diminishing of the fat content in GAST. Moreover, when the product was administered in the hypercholesterolemic group, it increased the fat content and reduced the lipid synthesis in TAM in relation to the H group. It can be suggested that administering the soybean fermented product can be a possible co-helper in reducing adiposity, in preventing hepatic esteatosis and in controlling body weight.
A questão sindical a partir da perspectiva da experiência político-cultural - os metalúrgicos em São Carlos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-18)
Granja, Regina Helena
;
Vianna, Marly de Almeida Gomes
The present doctorate assay is related to the syndical issue of our living days, and searches for subsidiaries in order to begin answering the set of interrogations placed on the theoretical debate nowadays through the Brazilian syndical experience study, exemplified by the metallurgist in São Carlos - SP. Deep transformations in the economical, political, social and cultural spheres mark the contemporary world. This huge set of changes reaches the people s daily routine, modifying their lives, objective and subjectively. In face of this process of intense changes, it I common to hear that the State, Politics, the Political Parties, Capitalism are in crisis, that is, they are facing severe obstacles in order to follow ahead. In this context there has been an attempt for a better understanding of what has been defined in the specialized literature, specially in the Political Science, Sociology and Economy as the syndicalism crises: its meanings and consequences. Would the syndicate, considered throughout history as a social and political representation and defense organization of the labor class, be today, loosing their reason o existence and their function in the globalized capitalist system? For this vital issue, searching to go beyond the interpretations which carryout their analysis only towards the economic impacts, this work covers the cultural of the labor class, using the experience concept for that purpose as wella as how E. P. Thompson understands it: throughout the time, the demands each time more privatized and sectorial lost of sight the political, emancipatory and collective sense.
Identificação e avaliação de vazios urbanos na área continental do município de São Vicente (SP): potencialidades e possibilidades de uso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-19)
Carol, Francisco José
;
Gonçalves, Adail Ricardo Leister
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3216914214741188
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4165779269571500
This paper promotes an investigation into the Peripheral Urban Emptiness through identification and analysis of the existing cases in São Vicente s Municipality Continental Area, spatial field of study. Its main objective is the establishment of specific guidelines for these urban emptiness, this way contributing to the municipality s urban environmental planning. To this end it was carried out documental research and in loco collection of data which allowed the physical characterization of the spaces studied. This first stage of investigation was complemented and related to the study of the laws incidental to São Vicente s Continental Area, presenting as its first result considerations over the possibilities of use and occupancy for each one of the eleven empty spaces found. The research s final product is composed of suggestions for altering the zoning of use and occupancy of the soil concerned with the area of study specified, with the creation of new zones of use and new proposals for those areas identified as urban emptiness.
Produção de TEP (Transparent Exopolymer Particles) em culturas de três espécies de microalgas isoladas do reservatório de Barra Bonita (Rio Tietê/SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-19)
Bittar, Thais Beraldo
;
Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) have recently been documented to be abundant in ocean waters and in algal cultures. TEP play important roles in the ecology of aquatic ecosystems since they might be a direct source of carbon for higher trophic levels via protists and microzooplankton. They also adsorb dissolved compounds and compose the matrix of marine snow. The extracellular carbohydrates released by phytoplankton are supposed to be the main source of TEP. The aims of the present study were to quantify the TEP produced by biotic and abiotic processes in cultures of the three most important algae species, with regard to phytoplanktonic biomass, of the Barra Bonita Reservoir (Tietê River/SP). The organic carbon content of distinct fractions ( cells , TEP , colloids and dissolved ) of the cultures was also analysed. The biotic production of TEP by the species Anabaena spiroides and Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyceae) was higher than that of Aulacoseira granulate (Bacillariophyceae). TEP biotically produced corresponded to 37 mgC L-1 in the A. spiroides culture, 21 mgC L-1 in the M. aeruginosa culture and 3,0 mgC L-1 in the A. granulate culture, which represent significant quantities of the total organic carbon (72, 31 and 24% respectively) during the growth of cultures. The two biotic processes of TEP production which were observed and documented by photographs in the A. spiroides culture are related to the presence of the wide envelope. The three species release colloidal polysaccharides capable of abiotic transformation into TEP through the abiotic process of bubble scavenging. The biotic production of TEP by these algae species in hypereutrophic freshwater environments was more significant than the abiotic production and the latter must have quantitative importance only in highly polluted waters where the formation of foam may occur. Wherever abundant, these species contribute large quantities of particulate organic matter in the non-living compartment, as TEP.
A migração nordestina para São Paulo no segundo governo Vargas (1951 - 1954) - seca e desigualdades regionais.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-27)
Ferrari, Monia de Melo
;
Villa, Marco Antonio
Uma abordagem clássica e bayesiana para o modelo de Tweedie
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-27)
Ferreira, Flávia
;
Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7763833646375697
The goal of this work is to present a classic and a bayesian approach to the Tweedie Compound Poisson model considering the form and application shown at Jorgensen & Souza (1992). A speci.c goal is to estimate the individual claim mean values. Newton- Raphson iterative method is used in the classic inference in order to obtain the estimatives for the parameters. Non-informative priors are used to obtain the bayesian estimatives for the parameters. In the bayesian approach two di¤erent methodologies are considered: i) without the presence of covariance and ii) with the presence of covariance. The per- formance of both methods, classic and bayesian inference, are compared via simulated data.
E quando a dependência chegar? Um estudo das organizações disponíveis para idosos em uma cidade média no interior paulista.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-27)
Varoto, Vania Aparecida Gurian
;
Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
Due to the rapid aging of the Brazilian population, the number of programs for the elderly is increasing. The objectives of this study were to: (a) analyze the organizations that offer services for the elderly, in a city in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and (b) identify the support network used by dependent elderly. In the conduct of this study, all ethical guidelines that apply to studies with humans were followed. The organizations were identified using municipal registers, and others sources as Snow Ball Technique, and interviews were conducted with the head administrators. The organizations were grouped in four categories: long-term care (n=6); culture, leisure, sports, education and social activities (n=27); healthcare (n=21); and referral (n=1), totaling 55 organizations that offer services for the elderly. An advertising folder containing all pertinent information was produced and was it was presented to the Municipal Elderly Council in order to be advertised and upgraded. The greatest numbers of elderly were involved in cultural, leisure, sports, education and social programs, a category that emphasizes activities that promote social integration. However, in a two years period, of the 2183 registered participants, 225 withdrew (150 women and 75 men). To better understand this, interviews were conducted with program directors and service users in the highest use category, along with other documents. The most frequent reasons for withdrawal were illness (n=42) and death (n=42). Thus, in-depth interviews were conducted with elderly people, who withdrew due to illness, and their family members in their home. It was observed that the aggravating stages of some diseases caused an increased difficulty of instrumental activities on a daily basis contributed to some limitations, and among them the difficulty of continuing participating in the program. Issues like financial difficulties, adapted transportation and cultural values also were relevant to the organization of the family dynamics of interviewed people. It was verified that the most utilized support network by these people was the family. Caring places in the health area were also used in the treatment of the pathologies. New organization alternatives in terms of elderly caring need to be created to attend the population that grows and ages day after day. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the conditions of existing caring institutions with the focus on team and qualified work in order to educate the population facing the aging process.
Sobre o processo de seleção de subconjuntos de atributos - as abordagens filtro e wrapper
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-28)
Santoro, Daniel Monegatto
;
Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
Inductive machine learning methods learn the expression of the concept from a training set. Training sets are, generally, composed by instances described by attributevalue pairs and an associated class. The attribute set used for describing the training instances has a strong impact on the induced concepts. In a machine learning environment, attribute subset selection techniques aim at the identification of the attributes which effectively contribute for establishing the class of an instance. These techniques can be characterized as wrappers (if they are associated with a specific machine learning method) or filter and many of them work in conjunction with a search method (there are also embedded feature selection methods, not very representative). This work approaches the attribute subset selection problem by investigating the performance of two families of wrappers the NN (Nearest Neighbor) and DistAl families and three filter families Relief, Focus and LVF. The many members of the NN family (as well as of the DistAl family) differ among themselves with relation to the search method they use. The work presents and discusses the experiments conducted in many knowledge domains and their results allow a comparative evaluation (as far as accuracy and dimensionality are concerned) among the members of the families.
Macroinvertebrados da fitofauna de Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth em duas lagoas marginais do Rio Mogi- Guaçu (Estação Ecológica do Jataí, Luíz Antônio, SP, Brasil) / Mario André de Jancsó
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-28)
Jancso, Mário André de
;
Strixino, Susana Trivinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8605997915166172
In this study is analyzed the phytophilic Chironomidae assemblages of Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth in two ox-bow lakes (Diogo Lake and Óleo Lake) of the Mogi Guaçu s flood plain (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luíz Antônio, SP, Brazil). The colletion of E. azurea in both lakes were done during two seasons (rain season Nov./2002, Jan./2003, Mar./2003; dry season May/2003, Jul/2003, Oct/2003). From each lake 5 samples were randomly taken (3 were divided into 3 modules and separated the roots from the leafs and 2 were designated to estimate the adults emergency). However the richness and the numeric density were almost the same, the Chironomidae assemblage in the two lakes presented different faunistic arrangements (Psc < 60%), where the tribe Chironomini contributed with more than 20% of the fauna in both lakes. In Diogo Lake, Stenochironomus sp. was the dominant taxon as long as Goeldichironomus spp.> Polypedilum (Asheum) sp. > Beardius sp. were the most abundant taxa in Óleo Lake. These differences exhibited on the macroinvertebrates distribution among the modules and between the macrophyte parts. Diogo Lake had the fauna almost equally distributed on the modules and parts while in Óleo Lake there was a concentration of larvae on the roots and numerical distribution following the age s vegetable gradient. There wasn t observed direct influence of the river s hydrologic cycle on the macroinvertebrates dynamic however it were more numerous during the dry season (Diogo Lake); Óleo Lake presented no differences between the dry and the rain season. The adults (Chironomidae) presented different season pattern in the two lakes. In Óleo Lake, Tanytarsini and Chironomini concentrated its emergency during the rain season; in Diogo Lake just Tanytarsini showed higher emergency in the rain season. The observed differences between the macroinvertebrate assemblages are probably related with the macrophytes density and the morfometric characteristics of these two ox-bow lakes.
Aplicação de modelos de redes de filas abertas no projeto e planejamento de sistemas discretos de manufatura.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-29)
Silva, Claudio Rogerio Negri da
;
Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
The management of manufacturing systems have become more complex, once that new products are arising, product demands are uncertain, life cycles get shorter, and a wide variety of products compete for common resources. This thesis deals with the design and planning of discrete manufacturing systems, based on open queueing network models to support the decision making of capacity allocation. As manufacturing systems may be represented by generalized queueing networks, and there are no exact solution methods, here is employed the decomposition approximate method to evaluate the performance of systems under different configurations. It is shown in the thesis how these approximations are suitable and effective to estimate the work-in-process (WIP) and the production leadtime of an actual metallurgical industry queueing network. It is also shown that discrete capacity allocation models, based on the approximations, are effective to evaluate and optimize the performance of the case study under different configurations. Trade-off curves between capacity investment and WIP are generated and are useful not only to support a manager to estimate how much capacity he/she should allocate, but also to decide where it should be allocated in the queueing network. These curves also support the decision making in terms of capacity, if the variability of the external arrivals, the product mix and/or the throughput for the network change. Besides adding capacity, partitioning the facility is another alternative to reduce the system complexity. This thesis also approaches the focused factory design problem, involving the partition of the facility into smaller shops and the capacity allocation in each shop. Again, the decomposition approximations were employed to evaluate the system performance. Despite its importance, this problem has rarely been reported in the literature. In this thesis, the goal is to reduce the system complexity either from the product management point of view or from the workstation management point of view. From the product management point of view, a model whose complexity constraint is na upper limit on the production leadtime variance of the products passing through the network was studied. From the workstation management point of view, the complexity constraint of the model keeps constant the expected waiting time of a product at a workstation, once it waits for being served. It is shown through these models for some instances that the partition of the facility into smaller shops decreases the complexity system without necessary capacity additional investments. Futhermore, sometimes it is possible to keep the network performance (or even to improve it), partitioning the network into smaller shops which need less capacity than the original configuration with a single shop.
A aprendizagem baseada em problemas (PBL): uma implementação na educação em engenharia na voz dos atores.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-29)
Ribeiro, Luis Roberto de Camargo
;
Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti
Problem-based Learning or PBL, contrary to conventional instructional methods that place problems after concepts have been introduced, uses open-ended problems to initiate, focus and motivate the learning of theory. Besides favoring the construction of knowledge, this method proposes to contribute to the development of some nontechnical professional attributes deemed as important to the practice of engineering in a fast changing society. This work, an intervention-research design of a qualitative nature, sought to investigate an implementation of PBL in the teaching of engineering, the surrounding context and how it is assessed by the main actors: students and teacher. To this end the method was implemented in three administration theory courses offered in the undergraduate and graduate production engineering curricula and in the undergraduate civil engineering curriculum of a public university in São Carlos, SP, Brazil. The three courses covered similar syllabi and were taught by the same teacher. The data were collected by means of participant observation of classes and unstructured interviews with the teacher before, during and after the implementation and by way of an end-of-course questionnaire (with open questions) responded by the students, in which they were asked to opine on PBL, its advantages and disadvantages and its potential to meet the course goals. Additional data were collected at the University of Newcastle, Australia, by means of participant observation and unstructured interviews with some faculty. Grosso modo, the data collected prior to the implementation were analyzed in light of the literature on engineering education and higher education in general (Salum, Ramos, Sordi, Cunha, among others) and on the influence of institutional, cultural and individual aspects on the classroom (Zeichner, Dreeben, Lortie, Tardif, among others). The data collected during and after the implementation were analyzed vis a vis the literature on PBL especially the metaanalyses by Albanese & Mitchell, Vernon & Blake and Dochy et al., and the work of authors such as Barrows, Woods, Gijselaers, among others and Shulman s teacher knowledge base. The results showed that despite the differences among contexts the three classes reported the learning of the knowledge as well as the development of some skills and attitudes intended by the courses, in agreement with the teacher s assessment. The disadvantages indicated by the students and teacher are also similar, such as the need for more commitment and increased time. On the whole, the students reacted positively to PBL, which suggests the viability of its use in the contexts in question, provided that some aspects of the implementation are reconsidered and redimensioned. Besides, although it should not be taken as a substitute for teacher training, PBL showed to be an interesting tool in the teacher s professional development, especially concerning the improvement of the teacher knowledge base.