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A especificação da ação afirmativa no Brasil: a experiência do centro nacional de cidadania negra em Uberaba - MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-11) Aguiar, Márcio Mucedula; Silvério, Valter Roberto
This term paper aims to analyse the policies against discrimination and racism of the Black Citizenship National Centre, in Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais. We firmly believe that the incorporation of the myth of racial democracy and its logical ambiguity is directly related to the strategic action against racial inequality developed by this Institute. Such ambiguity can be seen from its conception of Affirmative Actions which combines specific measures for the Black and global measures for everybody, no matter their financial situation or their ethnic-racial identity. This study found out that The Black Citizenship National Centre was born and developed under the strong influence of Black´s movements and claims held at the beginning of the last century as well as their present demands. Besides that, its ambiguous perception of the racial inequalities enables the emergence of allied people from different races and financial situation who could be vital for the construction of an effective racial democracy in Brazil.
Utilização de modelos moleculares no ensino de estequiometria para alunos do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-11) Migliato Filho, José Roberto; Ferreira, Luiz Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
The lack instructional materials for science teaching is a common problem in Brazil, and concerning to chemistry teaching in particular this problem can be observed even in more developed countries. Although molecular models are one of the few materials available for chemistry teaching, they have been hardly used, and this application has been restricted to lessons related to molecular geometry. The lack of materials has specially interfered with stoichiometry teaching, inasmuch as many authors have pointed out that it is one of the most difficult topics for students to understand. This works describes different exercises which were carried out in stoichiometry short courses by using the molecular models as a major teaching resource. These courses were provided for secondary school students in the laboratories of the DQ/UFSCar as well as in two public schools in the city of São Carlos São Paulo, one in a suburb and one in the city center. To collect data, the exercises were performed so that students could use the molecular models. The results showed that such material facilitated the learning process involved in completing exercises related to balancing chemical equations, Lavoisier Law, Proust Law, molar volume, and performance of chemical reactions. It was also verified that the students became independent of simulations with the material during the first exercises at once, and concerning more complex problem, they were almost completely independent. According to the students the use of molecular models made it much easier for them to understand the topics of the short courses. It thus supports researches suggesting that teaching methodologies should prioritize the introduction of new concepts without including mathematical aspects as means of avoiding difficulties in learning chemistry, which are so common in Brazilian Secondary Schools.