Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2005-04-27"

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A migração nordestina para São Paulo no segundo governo Vargas (1951 - 1954) - seca e desigualdades regionais.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-27)
Ferrari, Monia de Melo
;
Villa, Marco Antonio
Uma abordagem clássica e bayesiana para o modelo de Tweedie
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-27)
Ferreira, Flávia
;
Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7763833646375697
The goal of this work is to present a classic and a bayesian approach to the Tweedie Compound Poisson model considering the form and application shown at Jorgensen & Souza (1992). A speci.c goal is to estimate the individual claim mean values. Newton- Raphson iterative method is used in the classic inference in order to obtain the estimatives for the parameters. Non-informative priors are used to obtain the bayesian estimatives for the parameters. In the bayesian approach two di¤erent methodologies are considered: i) without the presence of covariance and ii) with the presence of covariance. The per- formance of both methods, classic and bayesian inference, are compared via simulated data.
E quando a dependência chegar? Um estudo das organizações disponíveis para idosos em uma cidade média no interior paulista.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-27)
Varoto, Vania Aparecida Gurian
;
Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
Due to the rapid aging of the Brazilian population, the number of programs for the elderly is increasing. The objectives of this study were to: (a) analyze the organizations that offer services for the elderly, in a city in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and (b) identify the support network used by dependent elderly. In the conduct of this study, all ethical guidelines that apply to studies with humans were followed. The organizations were identified using municipal registers, and others sources as Snow Ball Technique, and interviews were conducted with the head administrators. The organizations were grouped in four categories: long-term care (n=6); culture, leisure, sports, education and social activities (n=27); healthcare (n=21); and referral (n=1), totaling 55 organizations that offer services for the elderly. An advertising folder containing all pertinent information was produced and was it was presented to the Municipal Elderly Council in order to be advertised and upgraded. The greatest numbers of elderly were involved in cultural, leisure, sports, education and social programs, a category that emphasizes activities that promote social integration. However, in a two years period, of the 2183 registered participants, 225 withdrew (150 women and 75 men). To better understand this, interviews were conducted with program directors and service users in the highest use category, along with other documents. The most frequent reasons for withdrawal were illness (n=42) and death (n=42). Thus, in-depth interviews were conducted with elderly people, who withdrew due to illness, and their family members in their home. It was observed that the aggravating stages of some diseases caused an increased difficulty of instrumental activities on a daily basis contributed to some limitations, and among them the difficulty of continuing participating in the program. Issues like financial difficulties, adapted transportation and cultural values also were relevant to the organization of the family dynamics of interviewed people. It was verified that the most utilized support network by these people was the family. Caring places in the health area were also used in the treatment of the pathologies. New organization alternatives in terms of elderly caring need to be created to attend the population that grows and ages day after day. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the conditions of existing caring institutions with the focus on team and qualified work in order to educate the population facing the aging process.
Sobre o processo de seleção de subconjuntos de atributos - as abordagens filtro e wrapper
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-28)
Santoro, Daniel Monegatto
;
Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
Inductive machine learning methods learn the expression of the concept from a training set. Training sets are, generally, composed by instances described by attributevalue pairs and an associated class. The attribute set used for describing the training instances has a strong impact on the induced concepts. In a machine learning environment, attribute subset selection techniques aim at the identification of the attributes which effectively contribute for establishing the class of an instance. These techniques can be characterized as wrappers (if they are associated with a specific machine learning method) or filter and many of them work in conjunction with a search method (there are also embedded feature selection methods, not very representative). This work approaches the attribute subset selection problem by investigating the performance of two families of wrappers the NN (Nearest Neighbor) and DistAl families and three filter families Relief, Focus and LVF. The many members of the NN family (as well as of the DistAl family) differ among themselves with relation to the search method they use. The work presents and discusses the experiments conducted in many knowledge domains and their results allow a comparative evaluation (as far as accuracy and dimensionality are concerned) among the members of the families.
Macroinvertebrados da fitofauna de Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth em duas lagoas marginais do Rio Mogi- Guaçu (Estação Ecológica do Jataí, Luíz Antônio, SP, Brasil) / Mario André de Jancsó
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-28)
Jancso, Mário André de
;
Strixino, Susana Trivinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8605997915166172
In this study is analyzed the phytophilic Chironomidae assemblages of Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth in two ox-bow lakes (Diogo Lake and Óleo Lake) of the Mogi Guaçu s flood plain (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luíz Antônio, SP, Brazil). The colletion of E. azurea in both lakes were done during two seasons (rain season Nov./2002, Jan./2003, Mar./2003; dry season May/2003, Jul/2003, Oct/2003). From each lake 5 samples were randomly taken (3 were divided into 3 modules and separated the roots from the leafs and 2 were designated to estimate the adults emergency). However the richness and the numeric density were almost the same, the Chironomidae assemblage in the two lakes presented different faunistic arrangements (Psc < 60%), where the tribe Chironomini contributed with more than 20% of the fauna in both lakes. In Diogo Lake, Stenochironomus sp. was the dominant taxon as long as Goeldichironomus spp.> Polypedilum (Asheum) sp. > Beardius sp. were the most abundant taxa in Óleo Lake. These differences exhibited on the macroinvertebrates distribution among the modules and between the macrophyte parts. Diogo Lake had the fauna almost equally distributed on the modules and parts while in Óleo Lake there was a concentration of larvae on the roots and numerical distribution following the age s vegetable gradient. There wasn t observed direct influence of the river s hydrologic cycle on the macroinvertebrates dynamic however it were more numerous during the dry season (Diogo Lake); Óleo Lake presented no differences between the dry and the rain season. The adults (Chironomidae) presented different season pattern in the two lakes. In Óleo Lake, Tanytarsini and Chironomini concentrated its emergency during the rain season; in Diogo Lake just Tanytarsini showed higher emergency in the rain season. The observed differences between the macroinvertebrate assemblages are probably related with the macrophytes density and the morfometric characteristics of these two ox-bow lakes.
Aplicação de modelos de redes de filas abertas no projeto e planejamento de sistemas discretos de manufatura.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-29)
Silva, Claudio Rogerio Negri da
;
Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
The management of manufacturing systems have become more complex, once that new products are arising, product demands are uncertain, life cycles get shorter, and a wide variety of products compete for common resources. This thesis deals with the design and planning of discrete manufacturing systems, based on open queueing network models to support the decision making of capacity allocation. As manufacturing systems may be represented by generalized queueing networks, and there are no exact solution methods, here is employed the decomposition approximate method to evaluate the performance of systems under different configurations. It is shown in the thesis how these approximations are suitable and effective to estimate the work-in-process (WIP) and the production leadtime of an actual metallurgical industry queueing network. It is also shown that discrete capacity allocation models, based on the approximations, are effective to evaluate and optimize the performance of the case study under different configurations. Trade-off curves between capacity investment and WIP are generated and are useful not only to support a manager to estimate how much capacity he/she should allocate, but also to decide where it should be allocated in the queueing network. These curves also support the decision making in terms of capacity, if the variability of the external arrivals, the product mix and/or the throughput for the network change. Besides adding capacity, partitioning the facility is another alternative to reduce the system complexity. This thesis also approaches the focused factory design problem, involving the partition of the facility into smaller shops and the capacity allocation in each shop. Again, the decomposition approximations were employed to evaluate the system performance. Despite its importance, this problem has rarely been reported in the literature. In this thesis, the goal is to reduce the system complexity either from the product management point of view or from the workstation management point of view. From the product management point of view, a model whose complexity constraint is na upper limit on the production leadtime variance of the products passing through the network was studied. From the workstation management point of view, the complexity constraint of the model keeps constant the expected waiting time of a product at a workstation, once it waits for being served. It is shown through these models for some instances that the partition of the facility into smaller shops decreases the complexity system without necessary capacity additional investments. Futhermore, sometimes it is possible to keep the network performance (or even to improve it), partitioning the network into smaller shops which need less capacity than the original configuration with a single shop.
A aprendizagem baseada em problemas (PBL): uma implementação na educação em engenharia na voz dos atores.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-29)
Ribeiro, Luis Roberto de Camargo
;
Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti
Problem-based Learning or PBL, contrary to conventional instructional methods that place problems after concepts have been introduced, uses open-ended problems to initiate, focus and motivate the learning of theory. Besides favoring the construction of knowledge, this method proposes to contribute to the development of some nontechnical professional attributes deemed as important to the practice of engineering in a fast changing society. This work, an intervention-research design of a qualitative nature, sought to investigate an implementation of PBL in the teaching of engineering, the surrounding context and how it is assessed by the main actors: students and teacher. To this end the method was implemented in three administration theory courses offered in the undergraduate and graduate production engineering curricula and in the undergraduate civil engineering curriculum of a public university in São Carlos, SP, Brazil. The three courses covered similar syllabi and were taught by the same teacher. The data were collected by means of participant observation of classes and unstructured interviews with the teacher before, during and after the implementation and by way of an end-of-course questionnaire (with open questions) responded by the students, in which they were asked to opine on PBL, its advantages and disadvantages and its potential to meet the course goals. Additional data were collected at the University of Newcastle, Australia, by means of participant observation and unstructured interviews with some faculty. Grosso modo, the data collected prior to the implementation were analyzed in light of the literature on engineering education and higher education in general (Salum, Ramos, Sordi, Cunha, among others) and on the influence of institutional, cultural and individual aspects on the classroom (Zeichner, Dreeben, Lortie, Tardif, among others). The data collected during and after the implementation were analyzed vis a vis the literature on PBL especially the metaanalyses by Albanese & Mitchell, Vernon & Blake and Dochy et al., and the work of authors such as Barrows, Woods, Gijselaers, among others and Shulman s teacher knowledge base. The results showed that despite the differences among contexts the three classes reported the learning of the knowledge as well as the development of some skills and attitudes intended by the courses, in agreement with the teacher s assessment. The disadvantages indicated by the students and teacher are also similar, such as the need for more commitment and increased time. On the whole, the students reacted positively to PBL, which suggests the viability of its use in the contexts in question, provided that some aspects of the implementation are reconsidered and redimensioned. Besides, although it should not be taken as a substitute for teacher training, PBL showed to be an interesting tool in the teacher s professional development, especially concerning the improvement of the teacher knowledge base.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos de digestão para óleos lubrificantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-29)
Bressani, Flavia Aline
;
Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
In this work it was developed a digestion procedure for lubricant oil based on gradual addition of sample aliquots on hot and concentrated oxidant acids. The element concentrations in the diluted digestates were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with axial viewing (ICP OES). The determination of these metals in lubricant oils is relevant because they can indicate wearing and contamination processes, and presence of additives. The transference of lubricant oil aliquots using either a peristaltic pump or a syringe type pump is not feasible due to the high viscosity of the sample. Thus, two alternative strategies were developed: use of a mechanized system for gradual and controlled addition of oil aliquots to concentrated acids heated by conductive heating and addition of encapsulate oil aliquots to concentrated acids heated by microwave radiation. The resulting digestates presented low residual acidities and carbon contents indicating an efficient digestion process using both procedures. The low acidity of the digestates allows the employ of low dilution factors that improve detection power for ICP OES measurements. Using conductive heating, a mass of 600 mg of oil was digested using 10 mL H2SO4. On the other hand, the microwaveassisted heated acid procedure was effective for digesting this same amount of sample using 3 mL H2SO4 plus 4 mL HNO3. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide was added in the last step in both procedures. In all cases the digestates presented residual carbon contents lower than 2.77% m/m and the residual acidities were around 1 mol/L for 10-fold diluted digestates. Determined and certified values for Ca, Mg, P, and Zn were in agreement at a 95% confidence level.
Estudo da Influência do Sm e Er em Cerâmicas de PbTiO3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-04-29)
Paris, Elaine Cristina
;
Leite, Edson Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
In this work, it was obtained powders and thin films of (Pb1-xLnx)TiO3, Ln = Sm and Er, using a chemical method of synthesis, polymeric precursor method (Pechini). In this way, the synthesis conditions were optimized in order to minimize the formation of secondary phases. (Pb1-xSmx)TiO3, PST and (Pb1-xErx)TiO3, PET powders, with x varying from 0.01 to 0.1, were obtained in pH 7 and calcined at 600°C for 2 and 8 hours in oxygen atmosphere. There was not formation of secondary phase (pyrochlore) up to 4 mol% of Sm. On the other hand, the solubility limit was already reached at the PbTiO3 (PT) lattice, when doped with 4 mol% of Er. The increase of the percentage of dopants favors the beginning of the tetragonal to cubic phase transition. In this transition, up to 2 mol% of dopants, Er is more efficient than Sm and for above that, an inversion of this behavior occurs. It was observed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and DSC that the addition of Sm or Er to the PT causes a decrease of Curie temperature of the material in relation to the pure PT (~ 490°C). PST and PET thin films were obtained by spin coating on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate and heat treated at 600°C for 2 hours for the crystallization of the films. It was observed for both PST and PET films are occurring the beginning of the tetragonal to cubic phase transition, resulting in PT with low tetragonality, with the increase of the dopants concentration. It was also verified that these films are textured in the (001) and (100) family plans with both dopants, being a axis direction favored. The obtained films presented nanometric grain sizes and the addition of dopants (Sm or Er) in the PT lattice resulted in a decrease of the average grain size. In order to improving the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the PST and PET films, it was varied: Sm or Er concentration, number of layers, viscosity of the precursor solution, deposition speed, heat treatment, the bottom electrode and the organic precursor concentration. In the results of electric measurements, it was verified that the Er addition is more efficient than Sm in the increase of the dielectric constant and improvement of ferroelectric properties of the films. It was also observed that the decrease of the tetragonality of the films, with the consequent beginning of the tetragonal to cubic phase transition of the material, there is a reduction of the dielectric constant values and of the remanent polarization for the samples. Using the LaNiO3 like bottom electrode in substitution to the Pt, it was obtained approximated values of dielectric constant, however this substitution resulted in better ferroelectric properties of the films. In spite of obtaining smaller dielectric constant values than those found in the literature, it could be observed that the decrease of the concentration of organic precursors improved the electric properties of the PST and PET films, indicating a dependence relationship of the amount of organic material present in the precursor solution in function of obtaining thin films with satisfactory dielectric and ferroelectric properties.
Modelagem da demanda de água de abastecimento para a cidade de Pirassununga - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-05)
Silva, João Batista da
;
Barbassa, Ademir Paceli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781
Because it is a natural resource that is vital to animal and vegetable life, and considered a temporary resource, water must be used with responsibility, aiming at its protection and preservation so there is no lack of it in the near future. There are several factors that contribute to the scarcity of water, ranging from the lack of a conservationist policy to the lack of consumer awareness. Predicting the average water consumption based on historic data is an important tool to be used in the planning, in the estimate of the consumption and in the direction of the sanitation management. The objective of this work is to analyze and model the data on the urban water consumption in the city of Pirassununga, State of São Paulo, from 1993 to 2002. The explanatory variables used were: the number of inhabitants per connection, the marginal water price, the ‘per capita’ income per household (replaced by the next added value), the temperature, the precipitation and the relative humidity of the air. The method of consumption per connection, the method by unitary coefficient and the linear model of multiples coefficients were applied after the treatment and graphic analysis of the data. Although there was an increase of the total consumption of water, the consumption per connection presented a drop. The model that best explained the consumption function was that of multiple coefficients. Most of the explanatory variables used were significant and their coefficient signs were also the ones expected.
Estudos moleculares da Selenocisteína Sintase (SELA) de Escherichia coli
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-05)
Cassago, Alexandre
;
Thiemann, Otávio Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4933022274560322
The study of translation processes attracts the interest of a wide range of research groups due to its main role in general cellular metabolism. In particular, the investigation of new amino acid residues, such as selenocysteine and pyrrolysin, which result in an expansion of the genetic code from the traditional 20 residues to a total of 22 residues up to the current time. The amino acid, selenocysteine represents the main biological form of the selenium element and its synthesis and co-translational incorporation into selenoproteins are due to an in-frame UGA stop codon using complex molecular machinery. On Escherichia coli, the main proteins involved in this pathway are: Selenocysteine Synthase (SELA), Selenocysteine Elongation Factor (SELB or EFSec), Selenophosphate Synthetase (SELD) and a tRNAsec uca specific for this pathway named Selenocysteine Insertion tRNA (SELC). The SELA protein, the subject of this study, was firstly purified by Forchhammer in 1991 and the sole structural analysis realized to this day was developed by Engelhardt in 1992, using the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) technique. With a monomer of approximately 50kDa, SELA assumes an homodecamerical spatial configuration, each dimmer capable of binding to a tRNAsec uca with the serine amino acid which will be converted in selenocysteine, in a reaction dependant of the enzymatic cofactor piridoxal 5 fosfato. On this work it was possible to develop a new purification protocol for the SELA protein, considerably reducing the steps and consequently the time involved for obtaining purified protein. The process also yielded better protein production when compared to literature, from 1mg/ml starting with 10 liters to approximately 4.5mg/ml starting with 3 liters of bacterial medium. As for the structural experiments, it was possible to predict by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) the molecular mass as about 442kDa, Circular Dichroism (CD) predicted the secondary structure as mainly composed by α-helices and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) showed the global structure of SELA with a maximum diameter of 185Å, a molecular mass of about 527kDa and a radius of gyration of 67.3 Å
Material particulado atmosférico na cidade de São Carlos- SP: quantificação e identificação de fontes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-05)
Bruno, Ricardo Luiz
;
Coury, José Renato
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3711547435042712
In the present work, breathable particulate matter (PM10) concentration was measured in their fine (PM2.5-10) and ultra-fine (MP2.5) fractions, in the municipal district of São Carlos. The samplings were carried out from 2001 to 2004 for PM10 (complemented with data from 1997 to 2001 taken from the research group databank) and for the period of 1 year (2001-2002) for PM2.5. PM10 was sampled with a high volumes sampler, while PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were sampled with a dichotomous sampler. In order rationalize the seasonal variation MP, the year was separated in two different periods, the so-called dry period characterized by colder months and smaller incidence of rains and the rainy period, characterized by hotter months and by larger incidence of rains. After the collection, XRF analysis were carried out to quantify the chemical elements with mass molar superior to 12 a.m.u.. Also, DIC/DOC (dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) analysis were performed. The results showed 14 chemical elements, on average, both in fne and ultrafine fractions. The chemical elements that appear in larger concentrations in the PM are organic carbon, inorganic carbon, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, K, S and Fe. Two receptor models, the principal factors analysis (PFA) and chemical mass balance (CMB) were used to quantify the probable pollution sources for responsible for the sampled PM in the receptor site. PFA suggests that 3 main sources are responsible for the PM in the ultrafine fraction, both in the dry as well as in the rainy season. As for the fine fraction, the PFA suggests that 4 main sources are responsible for the pollution in the receptor site. The CMB analysis indicates that, for the ultrafine fraction the main source is the gas/particle conversion from sulfur, both in the dry and rainy periods. For the dry period, the biomass burning becomes significant as a pollution source. In the fine fraction of MP, the main sources identified were soil resuspension and vehicular emission.
Determinação da carga eletrostática em aerossóis e seu efeito na filtração de gases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-06)
Rodrigues, Marcos Vinícius
;
Coury, José Renato
It has been shown that the presence of electrostatic charges in particles affects significantly the performance of a filter, both increasing collection efficiency and reducing pressure drop. The aim of the present work is to verify the influence of the charge level on collection efficiency during the first stages of filtration. A charge classifier was used to measure the charge level of the aerosol as a function of particle diameter. The filtration unit was made of polypropylene with 600 g/m2 weighing, and had a diameter of 0.047 m and a thickness of 0.0026 m. The solid used was a phosphate rock (density 2940 kg/m3 and average Stokes diameter of 3.40 mm). The aerosol was dispersed by a TSI Venturi type generator, model SSPD 3433. The particle charging was achieved by a corona. In all the tests a linear relation between the particles acquired charge and their diameter was observed. A gradual increase of the charge level was observed with an increase of the tension in the corona charger (0, -3, -6 kV). The filtration results indicated that the global collection efficiency of the filter was very sensitive to the variation of the charge level of the particles. Both efficiency and pressure drop increased when the charge level increased. During the tests, the small increase in pressure drop was evidence that the cake had not yet been formed.
Reforma autotérmica do metano: estudo do Processo e de catalisadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-07)
Dias, Joelmir Augusto Costa
;
Assaf, José Mansur
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8994385933947902
;
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5458-7765
The study of the autothermal reforming of methane over Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, promoted with noble metals was the objective of this work. In the first part, the stability to coke deposition of the autothermal reforming was studied, through air addition to the feed of steam reforming, at 600oC over Ni/γ-Al2O3, at favourable conditions to coke deposition (CH4/H2O=4). It has been observed that the amount of coke decreased with the increase in air addition. This leads to the conclusion that the autothermal reforming of methane is a stable process to coke deposition. The second part of the work concentrated in the understanding of the effect of small amount (0,3% w/w) of the noble metals platinum, iridium and palladium for the steam reforming, partial oxidation and autothermal reforming of methane. The preparation of the platinum- and iridium-promoted catalysts was made via chloride. For the palladium, chloride and nitrate was used. It has been observed that the addition of noble metals allowed the reduction of the catalyst at lower temperature, increasing the reduction degree and, consequently, the metallic surface area of the catalyst. The small amount of noble metals did not cause any important electronic influence to nickel. Partial oxidation of methane also did not suffer any effect of noble metals, given that the non-promoted catalyst took this reaction to thermodynamic equilibrium. The steam reforming hat its conversion increased, and this increase was proportional to the metallic surface area. The same happened with autothermal reforming. This leads to the suggestion that the steam reforming is the limiting step for the autothermal reforming. Thus, it has been concluded that the unique important effect of the addition of platinum, iridium and palladium to the Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, for autothermal reforming, is the increase in metallic surface area of the catalysts. The same catalysts were submitted to start tests of autothermal reforming of methane, without previous reduction with hydrogen. These tests were made through intermittent starts at 600oC, alternated with air flow at high temperature. The platinum- and iridium- promoted catalysts were active in all starts. For the catalysts promoted with palladium, only the ones prepared via nitrate was active. The palladium-promoted catalysts, via chloride, did not showed activity in autothermal reforming without previous reduction with hydrogen, being active only for combustion of methane, due to the non-reduction, due to the formation of palladium oxochloride, which has a strong interaction with alumina. In the third part of the work, the behavior of the steam and autothermal reforming and partial oxidation of methane in extended bed reactor was studied. The temperature profiles of the reactions were measured with the catalysts promoted with platinum and palladium. It has been verified that the partial oxidation and autothermal reforming occurs via combustion, parallel with steam and CO2-reforming. The promoted catalysts showed a flatter temperature profile than non-promoted catalyst, due to the difference of activity among them.
Mar de cana, deserto verde? Dilemas do desenvolvimento sustentável na produção canavieira paulista.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-10)
Gonçalves, Daniel Bertoli
;
Alves, Francisco José da Costa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
The role of the sugar-cane production in the regional sustainable development has been lifting a lot of controversy on those last years. While the Brazilian sugar-cane sector is prominence in the international market, offering products of great value in terms of environmental sustainability, the workers and the local communities that live together with the sugar-cane production system alleges another reality, marked by the unemployment, bad field work conditions, environmental pollution, and bad distribution of income. This work makes an analysis about the social and environmental situation of the sugar-cane production in the sugar-cane area of the Hydrographic Basin of the river Mogi-Guaçú, main sugar-cane area of the State of Sao Paulo, identifying the main obstacles that this activity presents for the sustainable development, and the proposals and alternatives that exist for the improvement of the environmental and social conditions of this activity in the area. The analysis shows that the situation of environmental and social unsustainability in that meets the regional sugar-cane production system it will only be able to be solved through the consolidation of a regulatory endowment built by the group of the local society.
O sentimento do mundo: o corpo na poesia de Carlos Drummond de Andrade.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-10)
Perius, Cristiano
;
Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084436724293824
Ce travail constitue une tentative de lecture du mouvement « phénoménologique » de la poésie de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Ce mouvement sous-entend le temps historique, tout d´abord, mais surtout l´opération que transforme les choses en mots, en tension. En suite, le génitif de l´expression privilégié, « le sentiment du monde », c´est le jeu que se donne entre la subjectivité et l´objectivité, le « moi » et le « monde », instituant une intentionnalité ambiguë et incomplète entre les termes. Cette intentionnalité forme une distance intentionnel, i.e., la composition d´images qui naît tantôt d´un, tantôt d´autre, pour miroitement ou réversion.
Bioensaios de decomposição anaeróbia de macrófitas aquáticas da lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-11)
Romeiro, Francisco
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
This study aimed at investigating: i) the influence of temperature on decomposition of macrophyte detritus; ii) the importance of leaching in the dynamics of the decomposition; iii) the decomposition of different structures of aquatic plants and iv) the enzyme activity of xylanase during the decomposition. The samples of water and aquatic macrophytes were collected in the Óleo lagoon (Ecological Station of Jataí; 21º 36 S and 47º 49 W). Bioassays were performance (during 140 to 200 days) with macrophytes fragments and water samples incubated under controlled conditions. Periodically the productions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) were determinate by gas chromatography and the enzymatic activities were measured from reaction mixtures (aliquots of the incubations and xylan solution) followed by reducing sugars dosage (colorimetric method). It was observed a positive correlation with temperature and detritus decomposition; once were verified greater consumption at higher temperatures. Temperature was important in the detritus fibrous fraction consumption (Q10 = 1.61) and in methanogenesis (Q10 = 3.17). The fractionating of dissolved (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM), due to the leaching process, conduced to a increase in the consumption efficiencies of these fraction. The xylanase activity was only registered when the dissolved sugars leached from the detritus decreased. The roots were the most easily degraded structure of Scirpus cubensis; this specie was the most easily degraded, followed by Cabomba furcata; the Ludwigia inclinata was the most refractory. Overall, this study suggests that S. cubensis is one of the most important aquatic plant to the carbon cycling in the Óleo lagoon, once this specie present higher productivity and intense mineralization.
O uso da teoria de conjuntos aproximados na modelagem de bases de dados relacionais e na extração de conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-13)
Vieira, João Marcos
;
Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
This work investigates two relational database models that extend the standard relational database model. Both models extend the standard relational model by allowing ways to represent uncertainty. The rough relational database model borrows the basic concepts form the rough set theory and deals with uncertainty by approaching relations using their lower and upper approximations. The fuzzy rough relational database model generalizes the rough relational model by introducing a degree of membership associated to elements, in a rough relation. The operators that are an intrinsic part of each of the models are formally defined and their pseudocodes are presented and discussed in details. A prototype system ROUGH-ID3, which implements a hybrid knowledge extraction approach by integrating a set of rough database operators with the symbolic system ID3 is proposed.
Comportamento do psicólogo em Instituição de atendimento a deficientes mentais: contribuições da análise do comportamento para construção de uma prática crítica e relevante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-13)
Queiroz, Heloísa Lopes
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Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia
Current conceptions of mental disabilities and the types of services needed by the mentally disabled point to the need to increase their autonomy and inclusion to the greatest extent possible, in relation to the living conditions of the non-disabled population. In the realm of psychology, despite the existence of knowledge relevant for producing actions compatible with this guideline, what is often observed among psychology professionals are actions related to establishing classifications and remedial interventions for problems that have established themselves, rather than actions that contribute to the effective understanding of the special needs of the mentally disabled, and interventions to promote behaviors that favor inclusion. In order for these changes to occur, relative to the actions of psychologists when attending to the mentally disabled, it is important to identify, describe and analyze behaviors that guarantee a new repertoire of actions for psychologists that work in institutions serving this population, promoting prevention of mental disabilities and maintenance of significant behaviors in psychologists treatment of the mentally disabled. This seems possible, considering existing knowledge regarding human behavior and how to deal with it. Thus, the proposal of this study was to identify and characterize, as environment-action relationships of the organism, behaviors of the psychology professional when acting to treat individuals who are mentally disabled, considering current practice and the available knowledge regarding the needs and challenges of serving this population. Information was gathered on the existing behavior, and desirable behavior, of psychologists in institutions serving the mentally disabled, in order to produce descriptions of the behavioral relationships that define the of professionals in this context. The information was obtained through interviews conducted with the psychologists and other high-level professionals that form part of the teams in two institutions serving the mentally disabled in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Based on this information, descriptions of the behavior of the psychologists were produced as a starting point for a more adequate understanding of their current repertoire and occasional gaps in this repertoire. Information was also obtained from the available literature related to behaviors, or aspects of behaviors, of these professionals that were considered relevant to the treatment of the mentally disabled, in institutional contexts, and compared to the descriptions produced, from the perspective of the interviewees, which then lead to complementation, revision, or even substitution of behaviors previously identified. It is hoped that the knowledge produced as a result of this study may contribute to improved education and training of these professionals, whether in their undergraduate or graduate studies, or the continuing education of professionals in the institutions themselves.
Transferência de tecnologia através de spin-offs: os desafios enfrentados pela UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-05-13)
Azevedo, Gustavo Carrer Ignácio
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
With the appearance of a new world scenery, the markets are dominated by companies with high capacity of innovation. The university, one of the most important sources of knowledge, which fundamental role consists in the formation of human resources and in the performance of academic research, starts to be forced in a way that the results of its researches should bring more relevant economic and social impacts to the society in order to enrich and enlarge its role. As a consequence, the relationships of cooperation between universities and companies and the process of technology transfer from the university to the market gain importance. Among the known process of technology transfer, the creation of companies from the knowledge generated in the university (academic spin-offs), emerges as an alternative way to complement the traditional mechanisms. This study aims to characterize the process of technology transfer through the academic spin-offs, focusing the Federal University of São Carlos, and to identify its importance in the process of innovation, the employment creation, the relationships of cooperation between the university and companies and the local economic development. The methodology used was the qualitative research and case study, with field interviews and analysis of the contents. The results also show the received incentives and the main barriers faced by the academic spin-offs.