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Ensino e pesquisa no centro universitário o caso da UNORP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-07)
Corrêa, José Luiz Falotico
;
Marques, Waldemar
The present work aims to perform a study in the Universitary Institution, specially at Centro Universitário do Norte Paulista Unorp about the teaching and researching activities based on an explanatory research using a Case Study methodology. In order to obtain the data that is based on the performance analysis, using the bibliography and documental research to establish the theoretical reference that supports our work and our considerations. After this survey questionnaires were handled to 55 teachers from the universitary institution, which is the object of our work. In these matters we aimed to raise concepts which would be the basis of our analysis, that is the teaching excellence concept, the relations between teaching and research and the methodologies adopted in the class which may be considered as research activities. Another aspect presented is related to the experiences brought by the teacher about his academic and personal life, as well as our school life course is part of the work s first chapter. These elements support the explanations presented and lead us to understand better what kind of research is conducted in the universitary institutions and which place it occupies in the role of pedagogical and teaching activities that are responsible to major the students from different courses
Ictiofauna da microbacia do Córrego da Lapa, Bacia do Alto Paraná, Itirapina/Ipeúna, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-07)
Fragoso, Evelise Nunes
;
Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561803596789261
Preparação e investigação das propriedades de filmes de polipirrol modificados com partículas metálicas magnéticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-07)
Bergamaski, Franciele de Oliveira Freitas
;
Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1192013631012905
In this work, it was investigated the preparation and characterization of polypyrrole and nickel or cobalt doped popypyrrole. To prepare the doped samples, the monomer was polymerized in a solution containing the metal salt. The following preparation variables were investigated using the factorial design: synthesis charge, nickel salt concentration and synthesis potential or synthesis charge, synthesis potential and temperature for nickel and cobalt doped samples, respectvely. Besides, the surface response analysis was used to propose an empirical law to describe the amount of incorporated particles in the samples. The polymers were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and a new reduction current density peak was detected which was attributed to the reduction of the metallic particles. The quartz crystal microbalance allowed us to propose the existence of a redox pair between the polypyrrole and the nickel particles. The nickel doped film morphologies were characterized using the SEM technique and the results that the these parameters were affect by the presence of nickel salt during the sample preparation.
Ecologia de peixes que ocupam diferentes habitats da Planícies de inundação do rio Mogi-Guaçu, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-08)
Simabuku, Mara Adriana Marçal
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
Fish from the Mogi-Guaçu River floodplains were sampled mostly in the wet season of 2001 to 2004, using several sampling gears, such as gill nets, sieves and a Dip net. Sixty two species were collected, belonging to 5 orders and 23 families; Capture for Unit Efford (CPUE) data indicated the predominance of lentic species of small characids in all habitats, except in the temporary flooded areas where early juvenil and juveniles of facultative migratory species prevailed; in lower proportion juveniles and adults of migratory species occurred in oxbow lakes and backwaters, early juvenil in tributaries and larvae, early juvenil, and juveniles in flooded areas. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were low in small temporary pools and temporary flooded areas, varying in the oxbow lakes. The relative abundance of standard length classes of some species such as Prochilodus lineatus and three species of Astyanax evidenced the preference of lower population strata for temporary flooded areas of upper Mogi-Guaçu, whereas higher strata occurred in oxbow lakes; backwaters and tributaries are inhabited by all population strata in low abundance. Eggs, in high densities, were sampled by ichthyoplankton net and Dip net only in the main river and its backwaters downstream Cachoeira de Emas dam, in the medium-upper stretch of Mogi-Guaçu River, in January 2003 and 2004. Evaluation of the anthropic influence on the watershed, revealed that deepening of the river channel by sand excavation, drainage of floodplains and river flow control by hydroelectric dams are changing flood patterns, as well as pollution by domestic sewage is negatively influencing fish nurseries.
Pescadores e turistas em uma área marinha protegida: uma contribuição ao planejamento da Reserva Extrativista Marinha da Ponta do Corumbau, Bahia - Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-10)
Stori, Fernanda Terra
;
Nordi, Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
Marine-coastal areas in the South of Bahia State in Brazil has experimented environmental and social changes, related to the over-exploitation of the fishery stocks and to the overflow of carrying capacity of the bathing resorts. Most of traditional communities are migrating out forced by the oppressive tourism economy, leaving fishery and facing cultural and social conflicts. A Marine Protected Area called Ponta do Corumbau Marine Extractive Reserve (or Corumbau Resex) was created in the year 2000, with the aim of sustainability of artisanal fisheries against predatory industrial activity, and to protect a rich biodiversity. The present research has as main objective to contribute to the planning of tourism in this Marine Protected Area through identification of potentialities and conflicts, social and ecological, of tourism activity in the tree studied villages: Cumuruxatiba, Corumbau e Caraíva. There were applied 157 semi-structured questionnaires between tourists and extractivists (fishermen) allowing to investigate the perception of the region and its context in two points of view. The scenic beauty, an opportunity of resting and freedom as well as local receptivity were appointed as the main potentialities by the interviewed tourists. Speculation for land property was identified as motive of conflicts on social relations and extractive culture. Other problems, mostly related to the infrastructure from the villages were also identified. Most of the interviewed extrativists (45% in Cumuruxatiba, 55% in Corumbau and 85% in Caraíva) are nowadays involved with tourism activities. It was possible to note that an initial period of visitation was occurred in the end of seventies and the tourist activity on the tree villages was identified in transition between the Involvement stage to Development, according to Butler (1980). In the same way, according to Smith (1991), Corumbau was identified as Resort Established and Cumuruxatiba and Caraíva as Business Area Established. Such results shows the necessity to control the tourism growing and to an adequate planning of this activity, aiming to link conservation of natural resources, social and economic benefits to extractive communities and the valorization of the artisanal fishery system, the main reason of the Corumbau Resex creation.
O envolvimento do aluno no processo de ensino - aprendizagem durante a realização de atividades experimentais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-10)
Serafim Junior, Irineu Modes
;
Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
This work had as an objective to identify the motivation level of the students who belong to three public grade schools in the city of São Carlos with different socio-economical realities for the chemistry learning. Experimental activities were developed with the main objective of promoting the student s interaction with their friends and teachers. During the accomplishment of these experimental activities, it was also sought to arive the student s alternative conceptions of those who participated in the research, once this class type is quite favorable for discussions and spontaneous manifestations that has as a base the previous knowledge regarding the phenomenon in observation. At the end of the offered mini-courses, the students were invited to act as voluntary monitors in the chemistry classes in their own school. It was observed that the number of monitors that participated in the project, in relation to the total number of students, was very small in the outlying school and in the schools of central location. When compared by their shifts, the smallest number of participants was of students of the night period, probably due to the fact of they are hard-working students, in their majority. Establishing a comparison among the students from the different schools, a percentile adult of the students of the central schools participation was observed, once these students seem to be more motivated for learning. In the three schools, the monitorship activity was shown to be a motivation factor for the learning. All the monitors wrapped up in the project and they really helped in the laboratory classes, playing an active part in the teaching-learning process. Differences were also verified in the students of the three public schools profile, what signals for the importance of accomplishing more consistent studies on the profile of the schools before the definition of public politics for the teaching.
Aspectos metabólicos, fisiológicos e taxonômicos de actinomiceto produtor de exopolissacarídeos, proveniente de águas subterrâneas contaminadas (São Carlos, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-10)
Fusconi, Roberta
;
Godinho, Mirna Januária Leal
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4446317622651166
Strains Lc (CCT 7277) and Lg (CCT 7137), isolated from landfill leachate-contaminated groundwater and found to produce exopolysaccharides (ESP), were characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. The growth and EPS production of Lg strain on sugarcane molasses, at concentrations between 2% and 10% and on the standard GYM medium were studied and its responses to nutrient starvation were analysed. Morphological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular tests indicated that Lc and Lg have properties typical of Gordonia polyisoprenivorans DSM 44303T. Viable cell counts revealed that GYM medium was the best for growth (µmax = 0,232 h-1). EPS production started during the exponential phase and continued during the stationary phase, in all culture media. After 24h of stationary phase, G. polyisoprenivorans CCT 7137 showed a highest total EPS production in 6% (172,86 g/l) and 10% (139,47 g/l) sugarcane molasses media, a highest EPS production for unit of cellular concentration in 10% sugarcane molasses medium (39,03 x 10- 11g/UFC) and a highest porcentage of free EPS in 2%, 6% e 10% sugarcane molasses media (88,37%, 62,4% e 64,22%, respectively). G. polyisoprenivorans CCT 7137 showed three responses to nutrient starvation: a decrease in the cell viability (13,7% and 3,25% after 7 and 56 days respectively), a reduction in cell size (from 0,55 to 0,33 µm3) and a cell shape change (from rod to coccobacillus). G. polyisoprenivorans CCT 7277 and CCT 7137 are two of six strains of G. polyisoprenivorans so far isolated and recorded in the literature, and the first strains found in a brazilian ecosystem. The data presented here suggest the potencial of G. polyisoprenivorans CCT7137 to be used as ultramicrobacteria in porous media experiments such as to aim for the study of sugarcane molasses as nutrient source for in situ EPS to biorremediate contaminated sites through the biobarrier technology.
Estudos funcionais e estruturais da proteína recombinante humana UBE2G2 (Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G2)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-10)
Reyes, Luis Fernando
;
Silva, Flávio Henrique da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
The ubiquitin system represents a selective mechanism for intracellular proteolysis in eukaryotic cells that involves the sequential activity of three enzymes, E1 (Ubiquitin activating enzyme), E2 (Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (Ubiquitin-protein ligase). The identification of these proteins and their targets as well as structural data is essential to understand their function in the eukaryotic cell. In the present study the open reading frame of human Ubiquitin- conjugating enzyme UBE2G2 was isolated from a human brain cDNA panel, cloned into pET28 vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. His-tagged protein was then purified by nickel-affinity chromatography and subjected to structural and functional studies using circular dichroism (CD) and an in vitro ubiquitin-binding assay, respectively. The affinity chromatography assay rendered approximately the 27 mg of the soluble recombinant HisUBE2G2 after expressed in bacteria at low amounts of IPTG (0,1mM) in 3 hours of induction. The CD spectra of recombinant pure protein showed a secondary structure content according with the expected for a member of the E2 family (Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), with 35 % of α-Helix, 21 % of β sheets and 23 % of turns. Moreover, purified protein was able to bind ubiquitin molecules when mixed with a HeLa cell extract during the pull-down assay. Taken together the results presented in this work allow inferring that HisUBE2G2 was expressed in their active form.
Utilização de cimento de fosfato de magnésio como ligante na produção de moldes de areia para fundição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-13)
Morelli, Gabriela Lipparelli
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
In this study it is discussed the possibility of the application of magnesium phosphate cement as an alternative binder for foundries sand moulds, due to the problem faced for foundries industries during the discard of yours toxics residues. Magnesium phosphate cement reacts by acid-basic mechanism, belongs to the class of chemically bonded ceramics and has excellent properties of adhesion, strength and mould ability. In this work, magnesium phosphate cement was made and analysed by the techniques of X ray difractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The magnesium phosphate sand moulds setting time was adjusted, using a retarder and/or a low superficial area of the MgO component, considering the foundries parameters. Sand samples were made using phenolic resin binder and magnesium phosphate cement binder and analysed for the compression strength. Sand moulds were made using phenolic resin binder and magnesium phosphate cement binder and analysed with the mercury porosimetry technique. Sand moulds collapsibility, made with resin and cement, after casting metal was similar. After the solidification of the iron in the sand moulds described before, it was characterized by the techniques of scanning electronic microscopy (MEV), optic microscopy (MO) and colorimetric method (blue molybdenum photometry). The microstructures of the metals made in the sand moulds agglomerated with phenolic resin and magnesium phosphate cement was similar, as the piece finishing. The casting of metal, in the moulds of sand and cement, was also made in Metallux Foundry (São Carlos SP). The results obtained were very satisfactory compared as the resin sand mould, leading the Foundry to demonstrate interest for a future developing of a magnesium phosphate cement sand mould for industrial scale application.
Análise e caracterização da urbanização na área de recarga do Aqüífero Guarani na cidade de Ribeirão Preto SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-16)
Olaia, Flávia Buischi
;
Cordeiro, João Sergio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
The present study is an analysis and characterization of the urbanization of the area of arenite surfacing of Botucatu/Pirambóia, a recharge area of the Guarani Freatic Sheet in the city of Ribeirão Preto - SP. The main objective was to survey the urbanization of the area in terms of soil use and occupation, identifying the possible existing negative impacts that might compromise this important underground water source in quantitative and qualitative terms. After this survey, the intention is to propose measures that will mitigate the impacts detected, as well as directives for soil subdivision in the region of recharge of the freatic sheet which involves 40% of the city of Ribeirão Preto-SP. A further objective is to provide environmental conservation and the maintenance of quality of life and of the environment integrated in the process of use and occupation of the existing soil and in the specific needs of the local environment by means of measurese for the control and prevention of possible polluting agents and environmental degradation. The intention is to guarantee the best environmental and living conditions to the population and to preserve and conserve the magnificent water resource represented by the Guarani Freatic Sheet by raising the awareness of Public Authorities and of society about the severe reduction of fresh water stores in the planet, the indiscriminate use, the contamination, the pollution and the degradation of underground water sources and the consequences that all of the problems will have for the near future of humankind. The city of Ribeirão Preto is fully supplied by this water source which, because of the conditions of its occurrence anf of its quality standard should be considered a noble resource worthy of preservation, conservation and awareness of public authoritiues and of the population of the city. According to the environmental zoning of Ribeirão Preto, large part of the city is located in the area of recharge of the Guarani Freatic Sheet, with various negative impacts generated by the use and occupation of the soil in these areas in an improper and disorderly manner. Thus, it is clear that it is important to implement an Environmental Management of Underground Water in the Botucatu Area of Arenite Surfacing and of the recharge of the Guarani Freatic Sheet in Ribeirão Preto
Projeto sócio-educacional: a reflexão sobre os fundamentos do seu sucesso a partir da ação comunicativa, o significado e sentido e a metodologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-16)
Campos, Douglas Aparecido de
;
Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
Along of three-half years in collect data, in interactions, in interventions, in nderstandings and a perceptions in a social-educational project, we developed a study whose objective was to analyze the motive about its success, now that it owned to municipal government and so, was conditioned to the political changes of incuse partisan that, habitually dismantled the social-educational projects. We had a hypothesis that was: the project kept remained firm, united, efficient and in action, although few conditions, due the methodology used, that generated student s success, permanency and assiduity along seventeen years. The methodology utilized for the collect data was the qualitative research approach and used instruments, such as: the observation, field diary, interview, questionnaire, picturies, newspaper clipping and others records. The main focus for the analysis of the results was the relations, interactions and longings between people who was involved daily in that social-educational project. For this, we choose three main categories: 1 The strong teacher s presence as principal point of the project: sense and meaning; 2 The teacher s methodology used in the project, even so assystematic form and; 3 The contents as something that brings sense and meaning to the community. The results denoted that the success of that project may be associated to: 1 The students made identical process with the contents of the project; 2 The community made the management of the project and the Public Administration participated as collaborator; 3 The students was motivated in the process of the learning (followed up the teacher s methodology; 4 - The students got leisure in the activities of the project; 5 The teacher s communicative action overcomed the contradiction between educator and student and, made the true, clear and accountable dialog, your bigger principle in the interaction with the community.
Hipertexto e processo formativo: contribuições e/ou obstáculos para a educação.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-17)
Lacerda, Fabíola Folchito
;
Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
The unbalanced advance between infra-structure and supra-structure, which material base develops at a faster pace than society evolution as a whole, sharply acts on the man who gradually loses awareness about his own significance as an individual, leaving even more fragile those ties binding him to tradition and to a deeper, longer lasting and enhanced knowledge about his history. That was named by Walter Benjamin as experience ( Erfahrung ). The advances in communicational technologies and particularly in Internet and the hypertext, which are reflection matters of this present work, have contributed even more to such unbalance, stimulating a fleeting, a-historical, de-rooted and fragmented living ( Erlebnis ). One of its causes is technical rationality itself, which may be identified on the Internet by speed, ephemerality and informational excess. Those new technologies reach school and, along with the traditional blackboard, chalk and book or study aid material, become part of teaching-learning process. At the computing laboratories, students find out the Internet and at the same face a huge informative, fragmented and non-linearly organized mass - the hypertext. In the optimistic view, electronic hyper-textualiality is the promise of autonomy and motivation besides enriching the training process through accessing information coming from anywhere in the world. The critical ones, on the other hand, analyze the net as one of the newest and most appealing cultural industry expressions, claiming that be a more sophisticated and subtle way to control and oppress, showing that some categories dealt by Adorno and Horkheimer in the last century may be conferred to present time. It was thus through some of those categories such as cultural industry, semi-information and bildung (formation) that investigations have been made to verify in practice to what extend the hypertext offers contributions to education, based on a research carried out at a private school in São Carlos. Students produced compositions about the World War I by means of a traditional research done in the classroom (books, study aid material, notebooks) and using also hypertexts. Analyzing the writings, an under-use of hypertextual resources were noticed, and even an alienation situation, being the text wrote in class of a better use, although presenting mistakes.
Modelo dinâmico para a gestão integrada da agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-17)
Lourenzani, Wagner Luiz
;
Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
This thesis proposes a learning and decision making tool in order to compensate deficiencies related to management activities performed by family farmers managers. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a model of integrated management for family based agriculture. The model integrates different management modules in one shared model. The theoretical structure that supported the research was Family Based Agriculture, Production Systems, Rural Management, Management Systemic Approach, Balanced Scorecard and System Dynamics. The research included an empirical research that supported the diagnostic about the level of management adopted by a group of family based farmers. Based on the diagnostic, it was possible to identify the most important variables in the management process of the rural business. The interdependency of the variables was drawn, resulting in the conceptual model for family based agriculture. Then, this model was translated into a mathematical (operational) language by the means of an adequate methodological tool, resulting in a management simulator. Since different approaches and management tools are included in the simulator, it can be useful for the decision making process regarding business process in family based proprieties. It can also be used by technical assistants, farmers' organization leaders and even financial agents in order to plan, guide and diffuse the business integrated management culture among the farmers and its importance for the satisfactory performance of the productive unit.
Jornada de horas reduzidas e equilíbrio trabalho e família no setor bancário.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-22)
Faria, Graciela Sanjutá Soares
;
Rachid, Alessandra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6981682198988902
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5004721589002988
With the changes in the work organization and the emergence of the flexible production system, especially from the 80`s, new work arrangements have appeared. One of them is the reduced hours working day in which one works a total of weekly hours smaller than the standard. Parallel to this phenomenon, the female participation in the market place has increased more noticeably from the 70`s and the conflicts between work and family have become more frequent. The reduced hours employment is pointed by some researchers as potentially favourable to the conciliation between work and family. Other researchers about the reduced hours job think it is disadvantageous to the workers because it is not their choice and it results in salary, benefit and career losses. Due to these controversies and because there isn t much research about it in Brazil, we aim to study the impact of the reduced hours work in the banks since it works with thirty-hour working day. For this reason, union trade representatives and bank workers who were employed in the countryside of São Paulo`s state were interviewed based on semi-structured outlines. Some information were collected from the RAIS (Annual List of Social Information) data base considering the period of 1994 to 2002. We found out that on the one hand the thirty-hour working day helps the bank workers to have more free time for their personal/ family activities, but most of times they don t work in this scheme by own choice and end up dealing with salary losses, less development opportunities, limited professional rise and less time to develop their activities. These aspects can limit the potential advantages of this kind of employment to the balance between work and family. We also noticed that the percentage of bank workers on thirty-hour working days in Brazil and São Paulos`s state has been decreasing and there is the predominance of women in this kind of job. Still the salary losses have been sharper for bank workers on thirty-hour working days and to the women.
Aplicação de uma abordagem adaptativa de busca tabu a problemas de roteirização e programação de veículos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-23)
Barbosa, Juliana Maria Rangel
;
Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
This project consists in the refinement of the tabu search adaptive approach HTSA (PUREZA, 1996) and the analysis of its performance when applied to the classical Vehicle Routing Problem and to the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows. HTSA promotes the integration of intensification and diversification strategies through the systematic variation of the values of selected tabu parameters, mostly based on the analysis of search trajectory patterns. The development of new implementations based on tabu search (GLOVER, 1989; GLOVER & LAGUNA, 1997) is an interesting avenue of research since tabu search has offered new marks on solution quality in routing problems, usually outperforming other methods. The results obtained with the application of HTSA approach to a set of classical routing instances and to a set of routing with times windows instances indicate quality solutions within reasonable computational times when compared to the results provided by competitive methods in the literature.
Análise das estratégias do projeto para incorporação de princípios e indicadores de sustentabilidade em políticas públicas no município de Jaboticabal-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-24)
Adeodato, Marise Tissyana Parente Carneiro
;
Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
Recent debates about urban development have introduced sustainability as an important principle to consider solutions to socioenvironnmental problems. In the other hand, changes on traditional concepts of urban management have included social participation and democracy on decision processes. In this context, instruments like social, environmental and sustainability indicators have helped to support and monitor public policies toward new perspectives of more sustainable development of the cities, in its environmental, economical, social, cultural and political dimensions. To make it possible, it is necessary to verify such possibilities as limitations in this attempt of incorporate sustainable principles on urban policies. The main objective of this research is exactly to analyze conditions that allow monitor sustainability of public policies by indicators, basing on the case of the Sustainable Jaboticabal Project, an experience developed in Jaboticabal (SP) city, in its first and second phases (1999-2004). As categories of analysis of the process, have been chosen strategies and actors, represented by civil society, public management and researchers. To obtain the results of this research were used even quantitative and qualitative data sources, supported by interviews and organized informations of the Project. The results reveal as favorable conditions to monitor sustainability in public policies: integral education of people about principles, dimensions and indicators of sustainability; social mobilization organized and emancipated to participate of processes for more sustainable urban policies; support of technician-politics assessors to facilitate the learning and intermediate relations between actors; the sponsorship of public managers to processes of innovation toward a participatory and sustainable urban management.
Sensibilidade a contingências de reforçamento : desempenho de crianças portadoras de Síndrome de Down e com desenvolvimento típico.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-27)
Capobianco, Drausio
;
Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8506331593441525
A desregulamentação e o desempenho do complexo sucroalcooleiro no Brasil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-28)
Baccarin, José Giacomo
;
Alves, Francisco José da Costa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
This work analyzed the evolution of the relation between the sugar and alcohol complex and the State from 1975 to 2002, when there was a change from public intervention, marked by Proálcool , to a new situation, in which deregulation is proposed. We attempted to interpret the main political and economical stipulators of the process, as well as describe the way it happened and how the structure and performance of the process were affected. It is assumed that since 1985 the possibilities of an orchestration of social and economical interests allowing the maintenance of a national, public and continuous program to support the sugar and alcohol complex have narrowed. The financial crisis of the Brazilian State and the adoption of liberal politic orientation, the prevailing conditions of the oil market and the resistance of Petrobrás to the increase of alcohol production have contributed to this situation, as well as the little interest of car makers to develop ethanolpowered engines in the 1990 s. It is also assumed that the political pressure strength of sugar and alcohol complex representatives and the specific formal relations established with the federal administrative machine throughout decades have made the sugar and alcohol deregulation differentiated and marked by compensation policies. From 1975 to 1985, the complex counted on favored public policies that resulted in great increase of the production capacity, consumption and production of fuel ethanol. Since 1986, the price fixation policy for sugar and alcohol products was more unfavorable, resulting in production settling until 1990. The extinction of the Sugar and Alcohol Institute (IAA), in 1990, formally gave birth to deregulation, marked by constant tension between government and millers. The elimination of the public monopoly on sugar exportation and the defrosting of sugarcane, sugar and alcohol prices in 1999 are noticeable. In compensation, the addition of 20% to 24% of anhydrous ethanol to gasoline became obligatory; the gasoline was overtaxed in benefit of alcohol, and a specific source of production and buildup financing for sugar and alcohol was created. From 1990 to 2002, while alcohol production remained still, there was an increase of sugar production aiming the world market. Crop and industry yield did not show higher increase with deregulation. However, the work productivity did. The sugarcane production tended to concentrate in the centersouth, instead of the north-northeast. There was a considerable decrease in the number of mills, but the remaining became bigger. It can be concluded that in fact there was no complete deregulation, but actually a change resulting in a new regulation. We suggest that the public intervention should not be attached to opportunist interests, but a public/private agenda that contributes to the maintenance of the complex and guarantees alcohol supply to the society as an energy source.
Microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas de ligas Al-Si hipoeutéticas conformadas por spray
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-29)
Ferrarini, Cleyton Fernandes
;
Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6048395588990624
The aims of this work were the microstructural and tensile properties characterization of the hypoeutectic spray formed Al-Si 319 and 380 alloys. The alloys were melted by induction furnace, gas atomized with nitrogen and deposited onto a copper substrate. The results were compared with conventionally sand cast Al-Si 380 alloy samples. Spray formed material showed fine and homogeneous microstructure, composed by equiaxial α-Al matrix, silicon particles, Al2Cu and β-AlFeSi intermetallics phases. Higher porosity and lower yield process were obtained increasing the superheating temperature and liquid metal mass flow rate. The extrusion promoted grain refinement by a partial recrystallization process and strong decrease of the porosity. Room temperature tensile tests of the spray formed Al-Si 380 alloy showed both increased strength and elongation when compared with the values observed for conventionally cast counterparts. These results can be ascribed to the refined grain size, silicon particles morphology and smaller β-AlFeSi phases presented in spray formed deposits. Due to the lower silicon content as well as lower porosity in spray formed and extruded Al-Si 319 alloy, this material showed higher values for the ultimate tensile strength and ductility when compared to Al-Si 380 alloy deposits processed by same parameters.
Emprego da RMN HR-MAS e análises quimiométricas no reconhecimento e avaliação de soja (Glycine max) geneticamente modificada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-06-29)
Barison, Andersson
;
Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0924773081596557
The Biotechnology has made possible the development of genetically modified (GM) organisms, including soybean, main Brazilian agricultural product. These GM specimens has been produced by changing some original characteristics of plant in order to increase productivity and to reduce production costs. However, these novel organisms should be evaluated, in order to verify its safety for environment and human and animal consume. In this context, it is necessary to develop new analytical methodologies for substantial equivalence determination of these novel plants. NMR is an important analytical tool allowing acquisition of a great number of chemical information in a single experiment. Within NMR techniques, HR-MAS makes possible direct acquisition on intact samples (In situ), without any sample treatment. In addition, chemometric analysis is a powerful tool, which allows interpretation of high complex data, such as NMR spectra. In this work, HR-MAS NMR has been employed for acquisition of NMR spectra directly of soybeans and leaves. Application of chemometric analysis on NMR data, has made possible to discriminate samples according to cultivar, geographic origin and mainly genetic origin, as well as to predict the identity of unknown samples by means of classification models. For this, all methodology, including HR-MAS NMR spectra measurements and chemometric analysis, was developed and optimized. Chemometric analysis performed on HR-MAS NMR spectra has also allowed to determine differences on chemical composition among samples, mainly those between traditional and GM specimens, giving important information about substantial equivalence of GM soybean crops. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that HR-MAS NMR technique together with chemometric analysis is an important tool to be used in metabolomic studies and in quality control of agricultural products.