Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2005-08-06"

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Influência do negro de fumo na absorção da radiação na região do infravermelho para o reaquecimento do copolímero de poli(tereftalato de etileno) - PET
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-06)
Sofri, Fabio Lamon
;
Bretas, Rosario Elida Suman
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805349172281345
The objective of this work was to study the influence of the use of carbon black as infrared absorber to improve the PET resin heat-up during the stretching blow molding of bottles. It was investigated the correlation between the main physical properties of the carbon blacks and the source setup conditions and the PET infrared absorption. Therefore, five carbon blacks with different physical characteristics were selected and mixed with a PET resin bottle grade by injection molding. The correlation between particle size, surface area and structure of carbon black and the optical properties, rheological behavior and heat-up of the compositions were studied. The rheological measurements showed that the carbon blacks did not modify the profile of the PET rheological curve; however both the viscosity and elasticity properties of the PET were dependent on the carbon black particle size and structure. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the carbon black particles modified the PET crystallization kinetics by increasing the induced crystallization temperature during the cooling step. Through the L* a* b* color measurements, it was verified that the L* color was indirectly proportional to the carbon black content. Finally, the heat-up performance was investigated using two methods: (a) the surface temperature measurement of samples heated under infrared lamps and, (b) the total absorption of each composition calculated using the spectrum data obtained by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) it was verified that the carbon black content did not modify significantly the morphological aspect and the fracture surface of the compositions.
Programa de ensino informatizado e individualizado do alfabeto digital por equivalência de estímulos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-08)
Carvalho, Dariel de
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
ABSTRACT This study had as objective, develops, implements and evaluates an informatized and individualized teaching program to qualify deaf students in the application of digital alphabet. For that, two studies were conducted with 12 deaf children, with ages between seven and twelve years that were studying in an institution of support to deaf people in a city in São Paulo state. In Study 1 was evaluated the skills related to digital alphabet through selection tasks and construction tasks. The stimulus was pictures and words represented in digital alphabet or in Arabic alphabet. The results showed many individual variations, with some students presenting some degree of coherence in all the evaluated relations, while others presented low percentages of coherence and just for some of the relations; however, most of them presented difficulties in the task to name a picture (composing name, selecting letter to letter, in the correct sequence, in any of the alphabets). The 12 participants were then exposed to the Study 2 that consisted of application and evaluation of a teaching program. The teaching tasks consisted of selecting a word of the digital alphabet when the picture was the model, select and sequence letters of the digital alphabet to construct a word like the one in the model and select a word in Arabic alphabet, when the word in the digital alphabet was the model. The others relations were potentially emergent, according to the predictions of the equivalence paradigm and were simply tested. It as used two subject delineating as its own control to evaluate the efficiency of the program, one of pre and post test and one of multiple base line in words. There were five teaching steps in the program; in each step three words were taught (two other words, composed by syllable recombination of the teaching words were just evaluated, for generalization). It was also evaluated an execution task in which in front of the model (picture, pressed word in digital alphabet or pressed word in the Arabic alphabet) the participant was supposed to express the gesture movement of the digital alphabet (spelling). Nine of the twelve participants concluded the program and presented better performances in the post-test comparing to the pre-test. The teaching fortified relations that was still not well established and favored the establishing of some skills that were not presented in the background before the beginning of the program. The data of multiple base line showed the changes in naming the pictures (in any of the alphabets) just after the teaching of a relation between picture and the pressed word related and this happened in a systematic way, for the 15 words, for most of the participants. This delineation also showed maintenance of the acquired background, for most of the words and most of the participants that concluded the program. The discussion focused the importance of the teaching and the potential benefits of the domain of the skills evolved in the use of digital alphabet by the deaf students.
A reforma do Estado e da educação no governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso: o ENEM como mecanismo de consolidação da reforma.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-08)
Lima, Kátia Regina Rodrigues
;
Mesquita, Maria Alice Nassif de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1106531543099522
The present work investigated the State and Education Reforms during the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (henceforth FHC) from 1995 through 2000 and the central role of the National High School Examination (henceforth ENEM) as an instrument to enter higher education. It also analyzed the relationship between the democratizing discourse associated with ENEM and the elaboration of a new social pact. The investigation took place at the State University of Campinas-UNICAMP-SP, which pioneered the use of the results of ENEM as the university entrance criterion in 2000, in two undergraduate courses (Medicine and Mathematics - nighttime). It was then central in this work to investigate whether there was an impact or not on the university entrance process with the utilization of the ENEM results in relation to the socioeconomic profile of the novice students. To achieve this, interviews with top officials of FHC government and with UNICAMP top staff members were carried out. These interviewees included: i) the Minister of Education, ii) the president of the National Institute of Educational Research- INEP; iii) one member of the National Council of Education-CNE; iv) one member of the Executive Permanent Commission for the University Entrance Examination and Educational Programs of UNICAMP (in office 1998-2002); v) the vice-dean of undergraduation of UNICAMP (in office 1998-2002); vi) the Executive Coordinator of COMVEST (in office at the beginning of 2002); and vii) the research coordinator of COMVEST (in office at the beginning of 2002). In addition to this, the analysis of the following official documents was conducted: documents dealing with the elementary and higher education systems, technical advices, decrees, resolutions, directives, pedagogical reports, magazines, informative leaflets, newspapers materials on ENEM and proceedings of meetings of the Deliberating Chamber of COMVEST. The results allowed to conclude that: a) the State Reform had as the theoretical grounding a concept of minimalist State and a management model oriented by the market logic and by the criteria of efficiency and quality in relation to services delivery; b) as for the Education Reform, education was viewed as merchandising and not as a legitimate right with its main aim being to educate the young generations based on commercial values and thus developing skills, abilities and attitudes needed for their adaptation to the existing reality; c) the pedagogy of competences is characterized as the official pedagogy of FHC government and is a central category to reform the elementary and higher education systems, by providing recommendations for high school, professional education, and the policy of teachers training; d) the creation, the central role occupied by ENEM on the university entrance policy to higher education and its mystification as a mechanism of democratization constituted a political strategy to set up a new social pact, which was necessary for establishing the reform in progress ; e) the democratizing discourse associated with ENEM does not match to reality, since the incorporation of ENEM scores as a criterion for entering UNICAMP did not change the socioeconomic profile of novice students, neither altered the list of enrolled pupils in that institution, neither corresponded to an increase of pupils from public schools.
Estudo comparativo de caso de duas instituições tecnológicas em relação a gestão institucional de projetos de P&D
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-11)
Skrobot, Luiz Claudio
;
D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
Studies comparing two technological institutes in Mercosul -The Industrial Technologic Institute, in Argentina, and the Technological Research Institute, in Brazil - focus on management projects in research and Development, in institutional level. Through the literature, it is identify, areas and subjects that allow the analyses of institutional management R&D projects (IMRDP). The history of the two institutes was study to identify the similarity and the differences of them. The field research is composed by an interview which was framed through literature subjects and documents in the following topics: general vision and IMRDP operations in the institutes; institutional management; process effectives results; people´s communication involved with projects and the institution; experiences acquired in the institutions. Of all interviews, one quarter was directed to high management, one quarter to functional gerency and two quarter to project managers. The discussion results, thanks to the methodology and schedule, determined that institutions did not have IMRDP, although both institutions considered the importance of its implementation. It was clear that the IMRDP structure, in any institution, have to consider the institutional culture, history, staff, structure and market, even though there are similar subjects and areas between the two institutions.
Fatores que afetam o suporte fornecido pela medição de desempenho ao processo de melhoria contínua em empresas certificadas ISO 9001.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-11)
Miranda, Raissa Alvares de Matos
;
Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
The aim of this dissertation was to investigate empirically which factors are affecting the support given by the performance measurement to the continuous improvement process within ISO 9001 registered companies. The continuous improvement is a simple concept that is attracting the attention of several companies around the world, but the results are not always the expected ones. Most of the flaws are due to the lack of appropriate infrastructure, behaviors and practices related to the stages in the evolution of continuous improvement. Among the elements of this infrastructure is the performance measurement that plays an important role in supporting the improvement activities. The performance measurement, though, needs to present an appropriate structure for each stage in the evolution of continuous improvement. The procedure used to develop the field research was the case study to allow the researcher to understand several aspects raised by the research question, by using interview and field observation. Four ISO 9001 registered companies were studied, since the standard requires the execution of performance measurement and continuous improvement. Each company had different experiences according to the quality management. The results of this research proved that the structure of performance measurement is an important key to support the continuous improvement process and that in each stage in the evolution of continuous improvement it has to be different. However, the existence of only an appropriate performance measurement system is not enough. The use of this performance measurement system is between this relation and it is also affected by the knowledge of the organization members to use the performance measurement in the continuous improvement activity.
Organização do trabalho no setor de usinagem da fábrica de motores da Wolkswagem do Brasil em São Carlos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-18)
Silva, Robson Marcos da
;
Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
The Brazilian industry has been going through constant and significant changes in its work and production organization forms and these changes are being strategically used with the intention to keep assured the conditions of competitiveness and survival of these companies which are facing a globalized market of intransigent competition. These changes are provoked, then, by political, economical and social influence of national and international scenarios. Considering this subject of extreme relevance to the industrial world, we initially aim to show a literature review on evolution of production systems, especially in the automotive industry. We carried out then a Case Study to show the characteristics of the production system used in one of the Volkswagen of Brazil plants and to analyse the work organization implemented in the machining block sector. Further, we present a proposal of the work organization, in which the activities, executed for specific functions so far, would be consolidated in only one function, that is, what was done before by workers with specifics knowledge for each task (of production and maintenance) would begin to be executed by the same workers, but now with the knowledge about the whole productive process and not just with a more localized one (mechatronics). This form to organize the work with polyvalent professionals could provide, in theory, better results in productivity, without imputing to the workers harmful work conditions. We are treating this proposal as a future possibility, since we cannot assure right now that the company will put the necessary changes it into practice.
Suporte para transmissão de mídia contínua entre servidor e clientes cooperativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-19)
Shimoda, Marcio Akio
;
Trevelin, Luis Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
In this work the problem of the multimedia content distribution to a large number of computers is addressed. Specifically, we consider the problem of the server overloading that occurs due to the increase of the volume of requests to receive content. The consequence is the increase of response time and denial of service. As solution a communication model complementing the traditional client-serve is presented. It is based on the cooperative networks, where the clients cooperate to distribute the media, where they act as a kind of temporary server, until the server come back to a normal stage. Using such redirectioning scheme, the data networked traffic on server is decreased which alleviates its load. The proposed solution is shown in detail, pointing the modifications in the traditional model.
Desenvolvimento e otimização do processo fermentativo para a produção de vinho branco a partir da uva Itália
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-19)
Góes, Fernando José de
;
Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
With the reduction of vineyards in São Roque, the wine industry of this region has been seeking for alternatives to produce common wine with low cost. In the present work, wine production from Italia grape obtained at the Góes Wine-cellar (São Roque SP) with the wild yeast and the selected yeast (Y-904 Mauriferm from COATEC) was studed. Following a 22 factorial design complemented with a star configuration 44 experiments were carried out in bench scale bioreactors with 1 L working volume, whose fermentation conditions were initial pH values of 2.8, 3.0, 3.3, 3.6 and 3.8 and temperatures of 18, 20, 24, 28 and 30oC, being 22 with and 22 without skin. These experiments permitted to study the influence of initial pH and temperature in the ethanol and glycerol formation during turbulent fermentations in the presence and absence of skin. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of the selected yeast in comparison to the wild yeasts were also evaluated. The results showed that high ethanol production from the Italia grape variety could be achieved, reaching up to 10 °GL. It was also observed a strong influence of the skin presence during the fermentation, but the wine made in the absence of skin produced colorless white wines with more pleasant flavours than the wines made in presence of skin. Furthermore, was observed that the wild yeast showed higher yield in converting sugar to alcohol than the selected yeast, however the later made higher glycerol concentration than the former. It was also noticed that the optimization results were consistent to the experimental ones. The feasibility of implementing the fermentation in the absence of skin as well as of employing the selected yeast in real production conditions was investigated by perfoming experiments in 1000L vats of Goes Wine-cellar. The results attained were compatible with the ones from the bench scale experiments. However, smaller values for the final ethanol concentration were observed as a consequence of the lack of temperature control, which caused more losses of ethanol due to evaporation. The major contribution of the present work, tested in the lab experiments and confirmed in the fermentations carried out at the Wine-cellar, is the development of a simple method for skin removal prior fermentation, which resulted in an important improvement in the quality of white wine made from Italia grape.
Ações públicas e privadas na conformação da cidade: estudo da dinâmica sócio-espacial de Limeria - SP, 1960-200
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-21)
Manfredini, Eduardo Alberto
;
Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
The present study deals with the analysis and interpretation of changes that have occurred in the context of medium sized urbanizations in the state of São Paulo, specifically those that have been part physically and economically of the Administrative Region of Campinas, one of the areas that has shown dynamic processes of territorial and populational expansion, during the period of political, economical and social transformations in Brazil, taking as a time reference the period from 1960 to 2000. As a local reference, we have the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, considered to be the third largest industrial center in the country, right after the metropolitan areas of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The city of Limeira was chosen as the central object of this study, a medium sized urbanization inserted in the regional context and influenced by the processes thereby derived which has shown a record of transformations connected to the expansion of urban networks and population growth in the last 40 years. The social-spatial dynamism of the city was analyzed here, observing the relations of the federal, state and regional economy with the conformation and configuration of the occupation of the spaces that are part of its urban tissue. In the same way, relations were observed between the increase of the city urban population and the issue of appropriation of urbanized land as an inducing element of spatial growth. Historical, economical and social happenings were also focused on in these interpretations, seeking to assess the expansion dynamism of the city along with the dividing up of the land, in this case as a forming element of the process and connected to regional formation. In relation to actions and agents that implemented the occupation of the city land, the performance of public authority and private initiative was observed in these scenarios, demonstrating some of the features of the way space is utilized in Limeira.
Diagnósticos dos aspectos do meio físico em áreas de manguezal, Parque Piaçabuçu - Praia Grande - SP. Sua relação com a ocupação por favelas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-22)
Luz, Normélia Carvalho
;
Gonçalves, Adail Ricardo Leister
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3216914214741188
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9513951205200189
The present study has as an overall goal the systematization of data on physical and biological mean aspects (vegetation, geology, hydrography, climate and topography) of the city of Praia Grande/SP, focusing on slum-occupied mangrove areas, generated through a soil usage guidelines assessment that shall work as a helpful tool in environmental planning of the above mentioned city. The historical process of the town s occupation to the local population s needs, the involved government spheres, the participation of non-governmental organizations, among other topics, will be approached with the final goal of contextualizing the physical aspects in question. As specific goals, the following will be elaborated: a flowchart of the influential factors of mangrove area slum populations, approaching the negative aspects of such a situation, as well as a potential usage guidelines assessment for uses that equalize the impacts of an area-planned environmental intervention.
A reação de Diels-Alder de p-Benzoquinonas em versão multicomponente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-24)
Vieira, Ygor Willian
;
Brocksom, Timothy John
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7055452150201902
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3086973673171449
A study of the multicomponent version of the Diels-Alder reaction of para-benzoquinones has been proposed, with the idea of uniting the versatility of the reaction with the simplicity of the methodology. The key step involves the condensation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (R2 = H, Me and i-Pr) with primary amides (R = Me and Ph) and subsequent [4+2] cycloaddition with the para-benzoquinones (1-6).A detailed study was performed with all possible combinations of the three reagents, that is, the six para-benzoquinone dienophiles with the six dienes generated in situ.
Análise da diversidade cariotípica de Characidae da bacia do São Fracisco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-26)
Peres, Wellington Adriano Moreira
;
Moreira Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2248124483081669
Family Characidae consists of approximately 30 highly diversified subfamilies that probably do not comprise a monophyletic group. However, a few particular subfamilies may constitute monophyletic groups sharing specializations. In the present work, nine specimens belonging to six genera were analyzed using classic staining techniques as well as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and GCspecific fluorochromes, such as Chromomycin A3 (CMA3). A diploid number of 2n=58 chromosomes was observed in Myleus micans, with 26M+18SM+8ST+6A; 2n=50 in Astyanax lacustris with 8M+20SM+16ST+6A; 2n=50 in A. altiparanae with 8M+20SM+12ST+10A; 2n=50 in Astyanax scabripinnis with 12M+24SM+2ST+6A; 2n=50 in Orthospinus franciscensis with 12M+30SM+2ST+6A; 2n=52 in Piabina argentea with 8M+14SM+16ST+14A; 2n=52 and three cytotypes in Serrapinnus heterodon, with 17M+20SM+14ST+1A, 16M+20SM+14ST+2A and 15M+20SM+14ST+3A; 2n= 52 in Serrapinnus piaba with 16M+20SM+14ST+2A; and 2N=50 in Hasemania nana with 8M+42SM. FISH results with the 18S rDNA probe indicated the presence of these genes in the chromosomes where NORs were active, besides additional sites, as seen in M. micans, A. scabripinnis, P. argentea and S.piaba. Similar to the NOR sites, the 5S rDNA regions were evidenced in different numbers and positions throughout the studied species. The data obtained corroborate the chromosome diversity often reported for Characidae, reinforcing its polyphyletic condition.
Estudo das propriedades de transporte de água e íons em tintas de acabamento à base de poliuretana alifática e poliuretana acrílica, novas e após envelhecimento sob radiação UV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-26)
Magaton, Marina
;
Ruvolo Filho, Adhemar Colla
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7511722134943618
The present work has as objective the comparative study between anticorrosive painting systems with two types of vehicle - aliphatic polyurethane and acrylic polyurethane - loaded with different concentrations of iron oxide of the red type (OFV) and the micaceous type (OFM), new and after aging under UV radiation. A set of fourteen different painting systems was studied, that vary between itself for the type used vehicle, as well as for the type and concentration of iron oxide added. Samples in form of free films had been submitted the assays of transport and sorption of water, ionic transport, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (MEV) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). As general conclusion, the results show that for all the analyzed systems, the dispersion of pigments is below of the desired one, with formation of porous aggregate of the solids particles. This fact is evinced from the results of transport and water sorption, where an increase of the solubility of the systems with the increase of the pigment concentration was observed, and also, from images of the morphology of the samples, obtained from MEV analysis. The aged systems had presented permeabilities higher than those for the new films, in all the range of concentrations, being that in the case of the loaded systems with micaceous iron oxide the effect of the aging was small, in comparison to of the red iron oxide. The effect of the aging also can be observed through the images obtained from MEV analysis, for all the systems, as well as from images of MFA obtained for two specific systems. Assays of ionic transport had been carried through for four selected systems, and had corroborated with the results of transport and sorption of water. In this direction, four systems between those studied had been selected, that the carried through assays had presented better performances in all: aliphatic polyurethane with 5% of OFM and 35% of OFV, and acrylic polyurethane, with 5% and 35% of OFM.
Metadados para apoio à recuperação de componentes de software baseada em agrupamento por rede neural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-26)
Mello, Claudia Alves de Souza
;
Vieira, Marina Teresa Pires
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5446518523049572
New software development approaches have been proposed in order to permit the increasing of productivity and application quality. Among these approaches, the software development based on components can be evidenced. This approach is characterized by the software component reuse. In order to permit this reuse, it is necessary a repository which is responsible for storing, searching and retrieving software components. In this context, this work aims to identify and model component metadata on databases, allowing the definition of eficient search strategies to retrieve such components. For reaching these goals, information retrieval concepts and the ART-2A self-organizing artificial neural network architecture were adopted. Experiments were conduced to conrm the viability of this proposal.
Método de avaliação de qualidade de serviço em sistemas multimídia utilizando um sistema genético nebuloso baseado em regras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-26)
Bertoni, Fabiana Cristina
;
Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
The Quality of Service (QoS) available in the network is the most important parameter for the guarantee of the success in a multimedia transmission [Dressler 2003a]. In the current context of multimedia systems, handle systems to QoS control are essential to the applications have the desired quality in the service accomplishment. The human user of a multimedia application is the initial point of all the considerations regarding QoS, having this that worry about the perceivable effect to this user. Usually, users are not aware on how to specify low-level parameters, such bandwidth, not even to understand numerical values related to measurements of these. Thus, it is necessary that the system provides an abstraction level, so that the user can understand which is the quality of service which the network can offer in a certain instant. Then, the user can decide if he will place the application in execution or not. This work presents a new method to express the Quality of Service (QoS) in a multimedia connection. This method uses discrete values of QoS parameters, establishing a relationship among them through the use of a Fuzzy Genetic Rule-Based System (FGRBS) to obtain a single value that expresses the QoS of the connection. This final value is classified within a predefined QoS specification standard consisting of three sets: Optimal, Acceptable and Unacceptable, resulting in a definition of the Quality of Service in a user-level language.
Uma arquitetura modular para controle de FMS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-26)
Martins, Ricardo Wagner Campos
;
Morandin Júnior, Orides
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
In order to attend the market quickly, a company need to have flexibility and to change its production line, to assist to the production of personalized products, to change the raw material or, even, the conception of the product like in an automatic system of manufacture. Administration of processes, industrial automation and IT (Information Technology) are essential to guarantee not only the companies, competitiveness but their survival inside of this scenery. The larger interest among the automatic systems of manufacture in this work is the flexible manufacture system (FMS), for its inclusion and complexity and, consequently, its control and the variety of architectures, as the centralized, the hierarchical, the heterarchical, the hybrid and, finally the multi - agent, therefore the main focus of this work will be the control system of a FMS. So one of the architecture alternatives, is the proposal using a system of hybrid control, because it allows the communication among levels, by sidelong, and the modules involved in the production process and factory ground control, so it will be possible, to determine which are the instances or moments so of decision, describing the used functions, as well as the treated information. To make possible the modeling modules are used: manager, selective and movement controller facilitating the construction of a structured algorithm aiming at the detail of the process mapping of communication about the actions unchained in the factory ground.
Relacionamento entre a forma urbana e as viagens a pé
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-29)
Amancio, Marcelo Augusto
;
Sanches, Suely da Penha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
The objective of this dissertation is to verify if there is a relationship between the characteristics of the urban form and option for walking trips. For this relationship to be studied, the first step was a bibliographic review about the urban form characteristics that might influence the option for walking. Among the methodologies that could be used to evaluate the modal option, a logit-type Discrete Choice Model, was chosen. The data used for the calibration of the model were collected in São Carlos, SP, a Brazilian medium-sized city with around 200 thousand inhabitants. The analyses were developed at census tract level, with a Geographic Information System (TransCAD). Two logit-type models were calibrated. The first one (basic) includes only a socio-economic variable (automobile availability) and the trip length. The second model (expanded) includes, besides the variables of the basic model, information about the characteristic of the urban form in the trip origin sectors. The comparison of the results obtained with the two models, allowed the evaluation of the marginal influence of urban form variables on the mode choice. In general, the expanded model was statistically better then the basic one. The results suggest that urban form characteristics do influence the individuals´ option for walking.
Estudo da produção de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces clavulígerus em diferentes concentrações de lipídios e de fontes complexas de nitrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-29)
Ortiz, Sheila Cristiane Alves
;
Hokka, Carlos Osamu
Clavulanic acid (CA), a secondary metabolite from Streptomyces clavuligerus, is a potent inhibitor of β-lactamases, being formulated by harmaceutical industries with other β- lactams antibiotics to produce drugs that overcome the resistance to antibiotics of many pathogenic bacteria. Studies on culture medium composition, as well as how each component is added to the broth are essential for improving and developing fermentation processes both in obtaining high productivity, as well as in simplifying the separation and purification of the final product. The lipids become an interesting alternative to be used in CA production process, once they constitute a concentrated source of energy slowly assimilated by microorganisms. With relation to the nitrogen source, soybean derivatives, as flours and protein isolates, have been used successfully in the production of CA, by supplying precursors for its biosynthesis; however, the appropriate amount of this nutrient in culture media has not been properly established so far. The general objective of the present work was to study the culture medium composition on the improvement of CA production by S. clavuligerus in bench scale bioreactor, using complex nitrogen sources, and lipids as supplementary carbon source. In preliminary cultivations in shake flasks, the effects of nitrogen source and concentration, using soybean flour and Samprosoy 90NB (soybean protein isolate), were studied. The total nitrogen concentrations of 1.6 and 3.2 g.L-1, and soybean oil concentration of 16, 23 and 30 g.L-1 were tested. The results obtained showed that, when the concentrations of soybean oil and initial soybean flour were 23 g.L-1 and 20 g.L-1, respectively, the CA production obtained was 700 mg.L-1 in 132 hours cultivation, and at pH values above 7.0 the production process was severely harmed. In conventional bioreactor cultivations, under pH control with acid or base addition, all the cultivations were marked by the high CA production and productivity, accompanied by small degradation of the product. The culture medium composition and cultivation conditions that generated best results, concerning CA production, were as follows: 800 rpm, 0.5 vvm and pH 6.8, soybean flour and soybean oil concentrations of 40 g.L-1 and 16 g.L-1, respectively. Under these conditions, a maximum production of 906 mg.L-1 of CA in 84 hours cultivation was obtained.
Análise de custos dos serviços de coleta e disposição de resíduos sólidos domiciliares (RSD) como subsídio para elaboração de sistema de tributação no município de Jaboticabal - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-30)
Gracioli, Grazielli Padilha
;
Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
The Domestic Solid Residues (DSR) have been discussed thoroughly on the part of The Public Power and the civil society, before the demands of the implantation of sanitary embankments, the construction of separating composting, selective collects, action of street and sanitary embankments workers, the formation of work cooperatives, collection forms and payment of the services, among others. This last subject, which sends to taxation forms and financing the activities of the system of solid residues, has not still been approached sufficiently in research terms, above all in municipal districts of small and medium load. Because of it, this work search intends to analyze the services related to RSD rendered by the municipal administration, through the identification of the equipments and people involved, as well as the operational and administrative costs, in the routes and collection ways (selective and pattern), of the amount of residues and disposition places. For that it was made the characterization of the activities related to DSR based in the structure, collection system and disposition, through data collected in the municipal administration. It was observed that the total cost of the collection of residues is distributed in 69,6% personal total and 30,4% representing the equipment total, maintenance, fuel and capital costs, totaling the worn-out value for the Municipal City Hall of Jaboticabal in the collection services and disposition of the urban solid residues. Analyzing the amount of urban homes in the municipal district and the values attributed in the costs of the collection services and disposition of the residues urban home solid is verified an annual medium cost by home in the order of R$ 72,00 (seventy two real). Taking as study object the municipal district of Jaboticabal - SP was made a characterization in neighborhoods, diagnosing the volume, type and pattern of residues of the selected properties. The characterization and differentiation of the general profile of the three selected neighborhoods were made, through the descriptive analysis and for the processing of statistical analysis techniques, using of variables: socioeconomic, generation of home solid residues and the consumption of water. Comparing the medium consumption of water in the researched residences, with the socioeconomic profile and the generation of home solid residues, was noticed that the pattern of consumption of residues, the income " per captures " of each neighborhood and the medium consumption of water: 40,05 m³/water (Nova Jaboticabal neighborhood), 27,17 m³/water (Aparecida neighborhood) and 16,54 m³/water (Conjunto Habitacional Ulisses Guimarães) are directly correlated. After characterizing the service of collection of the home residues and trace the general profile of the neighborhoods they were correlated and analyzed, together the 9 selected variables, through statistical analysis (main components, grouping, factorial and discriminant) looking for the elaboration of an exploratory model of taxation that is taken in consideration the socioeconomic profile, consumption of water and generation of the residues of the homes involved. The technique of grouping analysis divided the homes in three groups in agreement with the similarity of acting of the used variables, so that those homes that presented close actings were in the same group. Two variables identified as significant, being the Family Income and IPTU. So it can be said that with the values of IPTU and Family Income applied to the model it is gotten to identify what group belongs the analyzed home contributing like this in the taxation process, because the same ones can aid in the base of calculation of the municipal district through an exploratory model.
Projeto e construção de um scanner antropométrico baseado no método de triangulação a laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-08-30)
Gazziro, Mario Alexandre
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Saito, José Hiroki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
Three-dimensional (3D) surface anthropometry enables us to extend the study to 3D geometry and morphology of human body. The purpose of this study is to build a whole 3D body scanner. Using lasers and cameras mounted on a scanning platform moved by a single motor and controlled by an embedded controller, a device has been implemented to capture the shape of the entire human body. One application case study (body fat percentage) is presented. The results suggests that the developed scanner can be useful for that particular case study and other like size surveying and medicine.