Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2005-09-09"

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Caracterização dos processos de eletrodo em compostos do tipo LixNiyCo1-yO2 utilizando técnicas de impedância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-09)
Marchesi, Luís Fernando Quintino Pereira
;
Bulhões, Luis Otavio de Sousa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7506509328482102
In this work a qualitative study was carried out, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), exchanging cobalt by nickel in LixNiyCo1-yO2 compound synthetized by method of the polymeric precursor (Pechini s Method). A systematic study of LixCoO2 compound was also carried out to, used as cathode material in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. In this systematic study of LixCoO2 the structural characterization was made, by x-ray diffraction, and the identification of different possible structures was made by the structural refinement (Rietveld s Method), being based on three possible structures: LixCoO2 (layered), LiCo2O4 and Co3O4 (both spinel-type). The LixCoO2 electrodes were electrochemically characterized by cyclical voltammetry, to study the system s reversibility, chronopotenciometry, to study the system specific capacity, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, to understanding chemical and physical system s phenomena. The LixCoO2 compounds had layered-type structure like the main phase, showed by Rietveld s Method. To the same oxide, cyclical voltammetry showed reversible processes of oxidation/reduction. Chronopotenciometry showed a lost in specific capacity caused by increase of spinel-type structure. The add of nickel on compound became easier the oxidation/reduction process, although this was carried out by the increase of the spinel-type structure to.
Análise de estratégias de execução para edifícios verticais com diferentes sistemas construtivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-09)
Barbosa, Maysa Fontoura
;
Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
The civil construction management has been taken more attention of civil construction companies in aim alternatives to enhancing theirs management process, main that work with building construction because the growing competition and the exigency of their invest. In this set, the strategic planning is fundamental for the development and success of business because generates data that will guide the balance between the production planning expectation and the necessary costs for concluding a project. The supply of planning data and performances of building construction is get to divide of the simulation of the production strategy. The planning production represents the strategies because its products are some information: schedules, graphs and reports to arrive the execution efficiency. This research presents analyze the conduct of two different construction systems variables of three construction strategies. The construction systems studied were traditional construction system and the external walls in reinforced concrete construction system. The production strategies simulated concentrated in analyse only the tower and were without inversion of services; with partial inversion of services; and with total inversion of services. Like product of this research to claim develop a systematization to value and choose the production strategies to attend by the tall building construction companies.
Usos múltiplos e qualidade das águas da Bacia do Baixo Itajaí-Açú-SC: elementos para um gerenciamento integrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-12)
Rörig, Leonardo Rubi
;
Tundisi, José Galizia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
The Itajaí-Açu river watershed is characterized by moderate agricultural use and rapid urban development. The risks on freshwater resources are notorious, but there is a lack of systematic technical data to qualify the level of degradation and to support decisions and forecasting. The main purpose of the present study was to diagnose the water quality of the lower Itajaí-Açu river and determine its relationship with land use, generating background information to integrated water resources management activities. Three procedures were executed: (a) the generation of land use charts; (b) the monitoring of chemical, biological and ecotoxicological variables in water and, (c) the preliminary characterization of sediments and pollution sources. The land use showed the predominance of forests (59%), followed by pasture/agriculture (27%) and urban areas (7%). The general water quality was regular, with 90% of legal framing for pH, BOD5, heavy metals, inorganic dissolved nutrients, surfactants and faecal coliforms; and about 70% of legal framing to dissolved oxygen and turbidity. Nutrients and other pollution indicators were directly related to rainfall and river discharge before reaching large urban areas and inversely related after these areas. In the estuarine area, physical-chemical processes induced by marine salinity caused the P-PO4 3- and suspended material to diminish in the water column. Regarding pollution sources; chemical industries, domestic wastewater and urban streams generated the highest toxicity levels. An ilustrative approach regarding the budget of nutrients and other materials and the river self purification capability showed four distinct situations or trends: (1) the case of the benchmark station, subjected to only few impacts presenting self purification processes of little importance; (2) the case of urban stations, subjected to many impacts from its contributing area, having a limited capacity to locally neutralize it; (3) the case of rural stations, which receive impacts from the upper river and specific impacts from its contribution area, but show the occurrence of self purification processes and; (4) the case of the estuarine and urbanized stations which receive many impacts, but present considerable conditions of self purification due to the influence of marine processes.
Estágios imaturos de geometridae (Lepidoptera) associados à Stryphnodendron spp. (Mimosaceae) em área de cerrado no município de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-12)
Osorio, Tereza Costa
;
Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
Geometridae larvae feeding on two Stryphnodendron species were collected twice a month over an year in a cerrado area in São Carlos, SP, Brazil. 1062 larvae were found and reared in laboratory. Fifteen species and ten genera were recorded: Thyrinteina arnobia, Thyrinteina schadeana , Physocleora junctilinea , Iridopsis fulvitincta, Glena unipennaria , Glena subannulata , Glena brachia , Hymenomima amberia , Hymenomima conia, Macaria abydata , Macaria sp., Prochoerodes sp., Patalene sp., Scopula sp. and Leuciris sp. The latter was the most frequent species. A greater number of larvae were found on S. obovatum than on S. adstringens. Nevertheless, larvae feeding in S. adstringens were more likely to be parasitized than those feeding on S. obovatum.152 cases of parasitism were recorded due to Diptera (Tachinidae) or Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Chalcididae e Eulophidae); Euplectrus sp. (Eulophidae) was the commonest parasitoid. The number of collect larvae was related to leafing phenologies and increased during the leaf expansion time.
Uma abordagem clássica e bayesiana para os modelos de Gompertz e de Richards heteroscedásticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-16)
Buzolin, Prescila Glaucia Christianini
;
Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
This work presents a classical and a Bayesian approaches to two sigmoidal grownth curves, the Gompertz and the Richards models. We consider the homoscedastic assumption and a multiplicative heteroscedastic structure. For the classical approach we use the maximum likelihood method and for bayesian approach we consider non-informative priors. The posterioris summaries were obtained by the use of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The illustration of both approaches is made using a simulated and a real data set.
Efeito da simpatectomia provocada pela guanetidina sobre fêmures de ratas castradas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-16)
Mattos, Valéria Gonçalves Albieri
;
Nonaka, Keico Okino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
The bone sympathetic innervation influences the osteoblastic activity and supports the participation of Autonomic Nervous System on the bone formation regulation. Treatment with guanetidine promotes denervation of the sympathetic system in humans as well as animals. This work aims at investigating participation of the sympathetic system on the femur biology of ovariectomized adult rats. For this purpose, physical and biomechanical parameters, in addition to plasma and femur calcium were analyzed. Forty one, 4-month aged female Wistar rats were divided into the following experimental groups: basal (n=9), intact (n=8) treated with 1ml saline/Kg BW, castrated and treated with 1ml saline/Kg BW (n=7), castrated and treated with 37 mg guanetidine/Kg BW during six weeks (n=9) and castrated and treated with 40 mg guanetidine/Kg BW during eight weeks (n=8). The treatment was performed during six days/week. The animals were housed under controlled temperature (22 ± 1°C) and light (lights on between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. daily) conditions. The rats had free access to food and tap water. After 8 weeks the animals were sacrificed. It was determined that ovariectomy induced higher BW gain and osteopenia. The denervation promoted by guanetidine did not protect the bone tissue from the deleterious effects on account of castration as demonstrated by the values of physical, biochemical and biomechanical parameters.
Avaliação de um programa informatizado de reconhecimento de fala em indivíduos com deficiência mental e com problemas de linguagem.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-19)
Carrer, Henildes José
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
The general aim of this study was the evaluation of the speech-recognition technology together with the MESTRE software, in order to check their viability to educational objectives. 110 individuals participated of this study, divided in four groups: G1, constituted by 10 university students; G2, constituted by 60 children presenting normal development: 20 children from 4 years to 4 years and 11 months; 20 children from 5 years to 6 years and 11 months and 20 children from 7 to 7 years and 11 months; G3, constituted by 20 individuals with diagnosis of mental deficiency, from 7 to 14 year old, and G4, constituted by 20 individuals from 7 to 11 year old with diagnosis of phonologic disturbs. The experimental stimuli were presented through the software MESTRE, constituted by two sets, A and B. The A set formed by 51 words of the Portuguese language and the B set was formed by 51 pictures related to the words of the A set. The tested relations were: spoken word - oral production (AE relations); picture oral production (BE relations). The results were statistically analyzed. The average of right answers of the AE relation tasks was compared to the BE relation of the same group of stimuli and the differences were considered non-significant. In the analysis by groups of individuals, the average of right answers in each tested relation was: in G1, in the AE relation, 90,51% and in BE relation, 90,49%; in G2, from 4 years to 4 years and 11 months, the average was 55,4% in AE relation and 52,4% in BE relation; from 5 years to 6 years and 11 months it was 67,18% in AE relation and 68,76% in BE relation; from 7 to 7 years and 11 months it was 77,61% in AE relation and 76% in BE relation; in G3, 61,99% in AE relation and 59,74% in BE relation; in G4, 49,66% in AE relation and 49,55% in BE relation. The results showed that the procedure is effective for speech recognition in adults, to children it may be effective considering the age, because the older the children are the largest the recognition rate. The procedure can become a great instrument of aid to educators in the work with individuals presenting special educational needs concerned to language problems, in the initial grades of schooling.
Avaliação diferencial de fatores fisiológicos e cinéticos em cultivos de linhagens de células selvagem e recombinante de Drosophila melanogaster S2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-19)
Silva, Clóvis Sacardo da
;
Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
In the last 10 years the insect cell Drosophila melanogaster Schneider S2 has been increasingly used for studies of proteins recombinants. However, there is a lack of studies that involved parameters related to the use of the insect cell Drosophila melanogaster in bioprocess. The aim of this work was to study the factors physiologies important in the cultures of the insect cells Drosophila melanogaster S2 (S2) and recombinant S2 (rS2), through cultures in Schott flask, serum free medium at 28°C. There were performed experiments with the purpose of monitoring the viability cellular of insect cells by the methods of exclusion of Trypan blue and of fluorescent dyes. Both methods used in the experiments to monitor the viability of the cultures of the cells S2 and rS2 were shown reliable for the identification of the percentage of viable cells. The studies revealed that growth of S2 and rS2 cells was not limited by the total consumption of amino acids and glucose. In the experiments utilizing the rS2 cells to verify the influence of the age of the inoculum and concentration of the inoculum, it was verified that both parameters did not have influence in the growth specific rate. Experiments done in Schott flask of 250 mL with a working of 50 mL, in which were monitored the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the broths of cultivation of the cells S2 and rS2. The results demonstrated that the cultivation reaches the stationary phase with very low level of dissolved oxygen, whit DO being a limiting factor of the growth of the cells. The specific oxygen consumption rate (QO2) demonstrates an accentuated decrease in the exponential phase of growth, except for stationary phase. The excess of oxygen in the initial phase of the cultivation was harmful to the growth of the cells. However, in the experiments done in Schott flask 100 mL with a working volume of 20 mL, QO2 of the cells rS2, revealed 10 to 15 times smaller than these performed in the Schott flask of 250 mL. The experiments done in Schott flask of 100 mL with different agitations demonstrated that for low agitation the transfer of oxygen should be a limiting factor in the cellular growth. The cellular viability for all of the experiments performed in different agitations stayed between 95 and 99% of viable cells indicating that the cells were in good physiologic state.
Alcoolismo, doença e pessoa: uma etnografia da associação de ex-bebedores Alcoólicos Anônimos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-20)
Campos, Edemilson Antunes de
;
Cardoso, Marina Denise
The major aim of this thesis is to introduce a reflection of the therapeutic model built by the Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) fellowship to care for the so-called alcoholism disease and to relate this model to the construction of the notion of the person as it appears in this model, since it is related to the construction of the identity of an alcoholic in recovery . Based on an ethnographic research carried out in the Sapopemba A.A. group located in the outskirts of the city of São Paulo, we attempt to analyze the problem of alcoholism from an emic perspective, i.e., as it is thought of and managed by those who acknowledge themselves as alcoholics . In this way we try to articulate the representations built on alcohol and alcoholism by re-constructing the notion of alcoholic person, in order to set contrasts with the ideological field of modern individualism. The thesis also looks for to demonstrate that, for A.A. members, the alcoholic disease is understood as a family disease , i.e., a disease that not only concerns the individuals but also affects those around them, family members most of all. In fact, the possibility of contagion around alcoholism is clearly identifiable. Such condition is directly linked to representations built on alcoholism, understood as a physical and moral disease. It is also linked to its effects on the set of social relationships both familial and professional in which the ex-drinker is involved. In their activities and meetings, the members of the fellowship acknowledge themselves as alcoholics in recovery , i.e., as carriers of an incurable disease, a disorder housed inside each of them with which they must learn to deal. Fundamentally, this process corresponds to setting a peculiar regime of alterity, based on the construction of an ill body and soul, in which ex-drinker is seen as another person that each alcoholic carries within; this condition must be shared with the other group members to facilitate preservation of soberness and recuperation of social bonds that were lost in the times of active alcoholism, particularly within the family and in the workplace.
Desenvolvimento e aplicação de procedimentos envolvendo reações quimiluminescentes em fluxo para a determinação de analitos de interesse alimentício, farmacêutico e bioquímico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-23)
Leite, Oldair Donizeti
;
Fatibello Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
In this work, analytical flow procedures were developed using multicommutation concept and chemiluminescent detection for the determination of hydrogen peroxide, glucose and cholesterol in food, biochemistry and pharmaceutical samples. A personal computer Pentium 233 MHz equipped with PCL 711S interface was employed to control the flow manifold and data acquisition. The detection module consist of a flow-cell constructed with a coiled polyethylene tubing (0.8 mm i.d.), a silicon photodiode (OSD-50E) and an electronic device (model FAC 500) for signals conditioning and amplification, are devices were placed in a dark box. The manifold and detection module were characterized by hydrogen peroxide determination in pharmaceutical samples, monitoring the radiation produced in the chemiluminescent reaction between luminol, H2O2 and hexacyanoferrate(III). The analytical curve obtained was linear in the hydrogen peroxide concentration ranging from 2.2 x 10-6 to 2.1 x 10-4 mol L-4 and the detection limit obtained was 1.8 x 10-6 mol L-1. In the procedures for glucose determination in food, pharmaceutical and biochemical samples, a solid-phase reactor containing glucose oxidase immobilized in glass beads was employed. The hydrogen peroxide generated in this enzymatic reaction was monitored by chemiluminescent emission produced by the luminol/hexacyanoferrate(III) reaction. The proposed procedure showed linear response from 5.0 to 160.0 mg L-1 and a sampling rate of 160 samples per hour was obtained. The analytical procedure was employed with success in the glucose determination in honey, glucose pharmaceutical formulation, grape and tomato juices. For glucose determination in blood serum, the manifold was reconfigured to minimize the sample manipulation. The results obtained in the glucose determination in serum using this proposed procedure are in close agreement with those obtained using the comparative procedure at a confidence level of 95%. In the proposed procedure for cholesterol determination in eggs a solid-phase reactor containing immobilized cholesterol oxidase was used, the hydrogen peroxide produced was monitored by the same chemiluminescent reaction. The linear range of analytical curve obtained in optimized procedure ranged from 250 to 2500 mg L-1, and are described by the equation: Intensity (mV)= 43.0 + 0.325 x [cholesterol], r= 0.999, The luminol and hexacyanoferrate(III) consumption per determination were 356 µg and 2.64 mg, respectively. The manifold was reconfigured for cholesterol determination in serum. The results obtained were in agreement with those obtained using the comparative procedure. Extraction and pre-purification of enzyme peroxidase were carried out with the purpose of employing this enzyme as a catalyst in the chemiluminescent reaction between the luminol and hydrogen peroxide.
Relações entre as variáveis edáficas e vegetacionais em cerrado hiperestacional, cerrado estacional e campo úmido no Parque Nacional das Emas (GO)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-23)
Amorim, Priscilla Kobayashi
;
Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
The Cerrado Domain occupied formerly 2 million km2 of the Brazilian territory, especially in the Central Plateau. The cerrado vegetation is not uniform in physiognomy, ranging from grassland to tall woodland, but with most of its physiognomies within the range defined as tropical savanna. In cerrado, there are few areas that become waterlogged during the rainy season due to the poor drainage of the soil, allowing the appearance of a hyperseasonal cerrado, characterized by two contrasting stresses, one induced by drought and fire during the winter, the other by soil saturation in the summer. As long as soil is important in the ecology of the cerrado, limiting the cerrado distribution and the occurrence of its physiognomies, we investigated the soil-vegetation relationships in a cerrado core area in Emas National Park, in three vegetation forms: hyperseasonal cerrado, seasonal cerrado, and wet grassland. We collected vegetation and soil samples in these three vegetation forms and submitted obtained data to a canonical correspondence analysis. Our results showed a distinction among hyperseasonal cerrado, seasonal cerrado and wet grassland, which presented different floristic compositions and species abundances. The edaphic variables best related to the hyperseasonal and seasonal cerrados were sand, base saturation, pH, and magnesium. The wet grassland was related to higher concentrations of clay, organic matter, aluminium saturation, aluminium, phosphorus, and potassium. We also investigated the relationships between number of species and soil characteristics, with simple multiple linear regressions, and found that aluminium and pH were the best predictors of species density, the former positively related to species density and the latter negatively related.
Restauração de imagens de microscopia confocal utilizando técnicas POCS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-23)
Stelzer, Murilo
;
Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
Computer Optical Sectioning Microscopy (COSM) is widely used in morphological studies of cellular structures. COSM appears as a great challenge to digital image processing, because the large size of the three-dimensional files. The major problem in COSM is the blurring, which practically turn the image unusable without the use of digital image processing techniques. In this work, based on projection onto convex set were developed image processing techniques to restore COSM images, obtained by a confocal microscope. Although confocal microscope presents less blurring than the wide field microscope, it has a larger Poisson noise level. To reduce the Poisson noise the Anscombe Transform (AT) was used as well a pointwise Wiener Filter. The POCS methods were evaluated by means of simulations, using synthetic images (phantom), and the results was evaluated by ISNR (Improvement in Signal Noise Ratio) and UIQ (Universal Quality Index). The developed algorithms, using RAP (Row Action Projection) present satisfactory results, but the computational costs were expensive.
Alterações bioquímicas e cardio-respiratórias de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) frente à exposição sub-letal ao sulfato de cobre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-23)
Neder, Lyandra Mara Zanatta
;
Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
The present study evaluated the biochemical, hematological and cardio-respiratory responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to copper sulfate (CuSO4). A group of fish (T2; n = 8) was exposed to 50% of a CL50 (48 h) of CuSO4, while the control group (T1; n = 8) was submitted to the same conditions of water quality without CuSO4. Samples of blood, gills, liver, white and red muscles were collected at the end of the experimental period for the following determination: Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (VCM), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (CHCM), Na+/K+-ATPase, metalothionein (MT), glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycogen, ionic concentrations (Na+, K+ e Cl-) and plasmatic ammonia. The cardio-respiratory parameters (oxygen uptake - &VO2 , O2 extraction from the ventilatory current - EO2, respiratory frequency - fR, gill ventilation - &VG , ventilatory tidal volume - VT, and heart rate - fH). were also measured in both experimental groups during 48 h: When compared to the control group, fish treated with CuSO4 showed a significant increase in Hct, Hb, RBC and VCM. Lactate concentration increased in liver and red muscle. Glucose increased also in liver, but decreased in the muscles, and a reduction on glycogen was observed in all the tissues analyzed. Fish exposed to CuSO4 presented a reduction in EO2 after 3 h and in &VO2 after 6 h. An increase in &VG was detected after 1 h of exposure to CuSO4. This hiperventilation was mainly due to increases in the fR, since the VT remained constant during all the experimental time. Fish treated with CuSO4 also displayed a significant bradycardia after 12 hours of exposure.
Aplicação do indicador de proximidade de áreas verdes urbanas na cidade de Jaboticabal - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-23)
Russo, Renato Anselmo
;
Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
Several studies have been done with urban green areas used as indicators of the sustainability in the Environmental Planning of a city. The current study aimed to apply an indicator of sustainability to central green areas of Jaboticabal city (state of São Paulo) and to interpret its behavior. For this, a characterization of these green areas, which areas located in the urban perimeter of the city, was made citing its measures, type of use, conservation conditions, location and vegetation. The chosen indicator, which is the same to other identified experiences, was the Green Area Proximity Index (IPAV), considering 300 or 500 meter distances. The IPAV enables the adoption of a graphic instrument for its calculation and analysis. The developing of graphic instruments related to the chosen indicators increases the number of interpretations which can also be used for other studies. The result obtained with the used of IPAV has raised questions regarding its efficiency, when applied in isolation, because it can interfere in the value of other indicators. However the IPAV is a valuable tool to help in the distribution of the green areas inside the urban region. The main idea is that this study may contribute as a tool to the Environmental Planning of a city, along with Sustainable Urbanization, resulting in a better quality of life for people. This scientific contribution is intended to give support to pertinent actions to our reality without jeopardizing future situations.
Efeitos da desconexão hipotalâmica aguda e crônica sobre as respostas pressoras induzidas pela injeção central de salina hipertônica, carbacol e angiotensina II em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-24)
Rodrigues, Lilia Simone Urzedo
;
Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684467594359403
Several anatomical and functional studies have demonstrated that the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) constitutes a neuroendocrine center. The PVN is intimately related to the regulation of the sympathetic nerve activity and vasopressin secretion. Intracerebroventricular injections of angiotensin II (ANG II), carbachol and hypertonic saline induce an increase in arterial pressure by sympathetic activation and/or vasopressin secretion. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that hypothalamic disconnection (HD) caudal to PVN, performed by way of a knife-cut into the hypothalamus using a microknife of bayonet shape, produced a decrease in basal arterial pressure, suggesting that the fibers interrupted by this HD, probably from PVN, are part of a neural circuitry responsible for tonic maintenance of the arterial pressure. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine, in conscious rats, the effects of HD caudal to PVN (HD-C) on: a) the pressor response induced by intracerebroventricular injection of ANG II, carbachol and hypertonic saline, b) on the baroreflex and chemoreflex, c) on urinary excretion after 24 h of water deprivation. Male Holtzman rats (280-320 g) were submitted to sham-HD or acute (1 day) or chronic (15 days) HD caudal to PVN (HD-C) performed with a microknife of bayonet shape (radius = 1 mm, height = 2 mm) stereotaxically placed, positioned 1.5 mm caudal to the bregma, lowered along the midline down to the inner surface of the sphenoid and the cut as achieved by rotating it 90° left e 90° right. In sham-HD no rotation was performed. After the HD, a cannula was implanted into the lateral ventricle. Femoral vein and arterial catheters were introduced after the surgery to implant the cannula into LV (acute group) or 14 days after HD (chronic group). Rats submitted to acute HD-C did not have changes in basal mean arterial pressure (MAP), but had an increase in basal heart rate (HR), (423 ± 17 bpm) compared to sham HD rats (346 ± 8 bpm). Chronic HD did not change basal levels of MAP or HR. Baroreflex was also not changed by acute or chronic HD-C. In regard to chemoreflex, although the peak of the pressor and the bradycardic response to chemoreflex activation were not changed by acute or chronic HD-C, the duration of the pressor response was reduced in rats submitted to chronic HD-C (18±2 s) compared to sham-HD (28±3 s). The pressor response induced by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of hypertonic saline was reduced by acute or chronic HD-C (7±3 and 21±2 mmHg vs. sham-HD: 19±4 and 36±5 mmHg, respectively). The acute or chronic HD-C also reduced the pressor response induced by icv injection of carbachol (12±3 and 21±3 mmHg vs. sham-HD: 32±4 and 35±4 mmHg, respectively) and ANG II (12±3 and 12±2 mmHg vs. sham-HD: 23±2 and 22±2 mmHg, respectively). In the 24 h water deprivation experiments, we observed a higher potassium excretion in rats with acute HD-C (DH-C: 1278±248 µEq/24 h vs sham-HD: 682±87 µEq/24 h) or chronic (DH-C: 1480±281 µEq/24 h vs sham-HD: 787±75 µEq/24 h), respectively. In chronic HD-C rats the urine volume excreted in 24 h of water deprivation was greater than the one observed in sham-HD rats (DH-C: 19±2 ml vs sham-HD: 9±0,4 ml), while the urinary volume excreted in 24 h of water deprivation in rats submitted to acute HD-C were not different from sham-HD rats. HD-C animals had polidipsia from the 6th 8th day after the HD-C, which was maintained until the last day of the experiment (14 or 17th day). These results suggest that the pressor responses induced by central injections of ANG II, carbachol and hypertonic saline, but not the baro and chemoreflex, depend on the neural pathways injured by HD-C. It is possible that the lesser pressor responses induced by central injections of these substances in HD-C rats are due to a lesser activation of sympathetic activity and/or vasopressin secretion. It is also possible that the lesser vasopressin secretion in HD-C rats is responsible for the polidipsia observed in these animals.
A disciplina biologia aplicada: sua produção no contexto das reformas curriculares nacionais do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-26)
Brito, Luisa Dias
;
Freitas, Denise de
This work investigates a curricular innovation through the proposition and implementation of the Applicable Disciplines integrants of the High School curriculum. These disciplines were created by two public high schools in the city of Rio Claro in the period of 1999-2003 and they form a diversified core of the curricular grade. The objective established was to understand the genesis and implementation of the Applicable Biology discipline in both high schools, to characterize the construction of the Applicable Biology teaching from the perspective of the teacher(s) and to analyze the construction of the Applicable Biology considering the STS movement in teaching. Due to the fact that the uniqueness of this curricular innovation is restricted to just two high schools, this research presents itself as a case study. The data were collected from semi-structured interviews, notes from informal conversations and observation of the discipline classes as well as scholar quotidian. For the results analyses were utilized theoretical referential on curricular questions from the field of critical theory as well as from the scholar quotidian. For the dimension of the content it was adopted the perspective of the STS movement (Science, Technology and Society). As results there are the evidences that the process of production and implementation of this discipline at the high schools was related to the Reform through which High School went in the end of the 20th century and the search of both high schools to adequate, responding to the new educational scenario. The genesis of the discipline is connected to a social and subjective demand from students, direction, coordination and teachers and to a demand of national curricular directives. The legal structural support allowed the wished innovation to be placed in a disciplinary format. This contour materialized the wishes of the scholar communities by creating spaces that could deal with scientific content in a contextualized way. From STS s perspective the discipline permeated emerging thematic (environmental questions, biotechnology, ecological and health relations) utilizing local, regional and global aspects of the students quotidian; diverse sources of information; wider approaches on worked concepts; and methodologies that consider the students opinions, positioning and their decisions. In synthesis the Applicable Biology constituted a space/time in which students and teachers had the opportunity, in a more systematical manner, to produce answers to questions about the study area and rehearse processes of teaching-learning more freely. It configured a way of re-dimensioning the curriculum itself, embodying the teachers wish of escaping the current ties in the traditional conduction of Biology classes, rehearsing another possibility.
O protagonismo juvenil na percepção de jovens em um programa de educação para o trabalho na cidade de Ribeirão Preto.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-28)
Esteves, Maria Cristina Durante
;
Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672
The teen protagonism is defined when the young is able to act in his/her family s circle, social and scholarship circle, being this act individual or in group. This study was carried out in order to identify the manner the Educational Working Program s learnings take place; verify if this learning helps the teen protagonism besides knowing the teens opinions and perceptions who took part of this program related to their rules in society. Teens inscribed in Ribeirão Preto s Educational Working Program took part of this study. Program inserted in Ribeirão Preto s National Comerce Learning Service (Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial SENAC) which are linked to Ribeirão Preto s Mayor and the Educational Working Foundation. The data were collected from six focal groups that ocurred in September, 2004, involving fifty-six participants. The sessions were recorded according to teens and their responsibles authorizations. The discussions focused the teens perception in society, the meaning of taking part of this program and in other learning areas as well as the educational process in this program. The data were analyzed according to seven analysis categories: the teen s perception according to his rule in society, teen s participation, work and youthful, joy and the young, prevention, sexuality and drugs, learning and teaching and learning to life. The analysis showed some teens feel under pressure in having to help their families economically but in a program for young/teens they are able to learn for working and life. They stated there is a lack of spaces that could stimulate their participation in another activities and the act of creating these spaces would be important to their selfimprovement. They live with the violence s fear and mention the orientation s importance related to the sexually transmitted diseases prevention and pregnancy. They point these approaches should happen in a participative way, occasion in which they could be listened and give their opinions. We ought to think about learning spaces where the young/teens can occupy their protagonist rule, being able to have not only individual but collective transformations as well, generating changings in all social circles.
Estratégias tecnológicas em cadeias de suprimentos da indústria automobilística brasileira: estudos de caso em empresas do segmento de motores de automóveis.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-29)
Cerra, Aline Lamon
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Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
The prime objective of this work is to identify and analyze the technological strategies (TSs) of two car-engine assemblers and some of their first and second-tier suppliers, discussing the relations between the technological strategies of each assembler and its suppliers in each supply chain studied and, as a second objective, comparing the two sets (combinations) of technological strategies adopted in those chains. Two hypotheses were formulated: (1) The automotive assemblers set up in Brazil have different TSs regarding the development and production of engines; (1a) To each type of TS is assigned a necessary effort to maintain and develop the several technological capabilities, either internally or in partnership (together) with suppliers; (2) The sets of TSs in the chains are different. The technological strategies vary among the suppliers, and must be distinct the influences each assembler exerts on each supplier. To analyze such hypotheses, a literature review on the issues concerning this theme was carried out, as well as a field research. Such research comprised case studies in two chains, led by assemblers with distinct strategies, with different levels of vertical integration, representing distinct configurations. The case studies were conducted in the two assemblers and some of their suppliers (from the first and second tiers, in each chain), based on semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that, in general, the strategies undertaken by those assemblers are very similar and oriented towards local competitiveness. The differences occur as a result of their supply chain structures and their supplying policies. The assembler with a greater number of small-sized suppliers, with limited technological capabilities, must make a greater effort to develop them and to assure their adequate performance. The assembler with a greater number of large-sized suppliers, more technologically capable, must make a relatively bigger effort to negotiate (the transactions) with the suppliers, but a much lower effort to develop them. The technological strategies of the suppliers vary in the degree of ownership and technological complexity of product and process, as well as in the fact of transferring (or not) technological knowledge to their suppliers.
Estudo do critério de Niyama na formação de porosidade em fundidos de aço com distintos intervalos de solidificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-29)
Anselment, Ricardo Eugenio
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
This study concerns the analysis of the application of the Niyama Criteria as a tool to predict porosity formation on steel castings made from steel with different solidification gaps. Therefore, test coupons were project in order to allow porosity formation. The test coupons were simulated on the Magma Soft- Ware. The behaviour of temperature gradient, cooling rate, feeding and Niyama were analysed in the software as a function of the three plate thickness. The materials used in the simulation and foundry of the test plates were the carbon steel WCC class, the martensitic stainless steel CA6NM class and the corrosion resistant steel CA15 class. After the test coupons been casted, they were classified according to their material and cut in halves thru their middle. The faces along the test coupon length were milled in order to get accuracy on the analysis phase. The surfaces were inspected with dye penetrate test in order t determine the pore distribution along the profile. The pore location, size and incidence were that after compared to the simulation results. The analysis showed low pore incidence on the thinner test coupons. It also showed that the CA15 steel, which has the largest solidification interval presented fine, pores spread on an extensive area, more than expected from the Niyama criteria for lower values than 1. The steel with smaller solidification gaps showed pores with a larger dimension and more concentration. It was also evidenced the existence of analogy of porosity location and dispersion among the plate size of one material, nevertheless the size of the pore indication increases with the increases of the plate thickness.
Diretrizes para elaboração de documento de requisitos com ênfase nos requisitos funcionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-09-30)
Kawai, Karina Kiyomi
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7314738775788029
This work presents Guidelines to elaborate the Requirements Document (RD) based on Functional Requirements made up of three items: i) a Template to specify the Functional Requirements, which determines a set of basic information that should compose the requirement description; ii) Writing Recommendations that offer suggestions to avoid certain defects during requirement writing and iii) a Pre-Inspection Checklist that supports a brief evaluation of the requirements to help in deciding if the RD should be submitted to an inspection. Definition of such Guidelines were based on the analysis of some requirement specification standards, some writing recommendations suggested by some authors and mainly, on the evaluation of applying PBR-User, Checklist and TUCCA (Technique for Use Case Construction and construction-based requirements Analysis) inspection techniques in three different RDs. The main objective to define these Guidelines was to facilitate the application of TUCCA, which supports the elaboration of Use Case Model (UCM) and the inspection of RD, for which a tool that has the RD as input is being developed. The case study to evaluate the proposed Guidelines consisted of the application of PBR-User, Checklist and TUCCA in three RDs and posterior application of the three techniques in these same RDs after they were modified according to the proposed Guidelines. The obtained results showed that TUCCA application was made easier when RD followed the Guidelines and there was a defect reduction in RD thus increasing the quality of this document.