Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2005-11-30"

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Coleta de resíduos sólidos domiciliares em local de entrega obrigatória: aspectos de custos e opinião dos usuários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-11-30)
Souza, Edson Marcondes de
;
Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
This work presents a comparison between conventional solid waste collection, also known as door to-door collection which is used by most of the Brazilian s municipalities and the Mandatory Drop-Off Waste Collection At Specific Sites (CLEO), to where the residents must transport their domestic solid waste to be collected. Literature points to the Mandatory Drop-Off (CLEO) as likely to have the lowest cost in the solid waste system. Also, the paper proposes to compare this type of collection with the door-to-door collection. And in addition, to find out the residents opinion about this type of collection, a survey was conducted with the residents of a street segment in Bebedouro-SP, where a drop-off collection is currently made at specific sites, but not in a mandatory way. The survey points that the collection at specific points is 10 to 30 per cent less expensive than the door-to-door collection. (If crew and vehicles are taken in consideration) Bebedouro/SP s survey shows that 75% of respondents are involved and know about the collection of solid waste services. Most of residents that live around main street approved the way that collection and disposal are made, at a central island. However, 60% do not want a container in the curbside of their front house. Another important issue that the respondents declared is their disposition to make a certain sacrifice , like to walk a lot a distance to dispose their solid waste in order to pay their Town s taxes at a discount rate.
Geoprocessamento e planta de valores genéricos - uma discussão das tendências e vantagens da associação dessas tecnologias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-11-30)
Montanha, Enaldo Pires
;
Röhm, Sergio Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
This work aims at to subsidize the urban administrator, in the implantation of the Plant of Generic Values, using tools of Geoprocessamento, with the purpose to bring more efficiency and equity in the collection of municipal tributes. In the majority of the Brazilian cities, the venal values of the property are calculated by zones of fiscal abrangência, without efficiency of the application of the methods determinístico or probabilist, already normalized. The use of a georreferenciada cartographic base, associated to the one System of Information Geographic, will facilitate the application of these methods, besides providing to precision in the analysis and the maintenance of the data of the place of the evaluation and of its around.
O trabalho com projetos na educação infantil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-02)
Moraes, Letícia Alvarez Yamaguchi de
;
Mello, Maria Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
To work with projects is a practice presents more often in schools of Childish Education. Considering the child s activity in the work with plans and its importance for the development, this study has an objective: to understand how teachers of elementary school children accept and develop the plans with their groups. This king of strategy is a didactic alternative and its center of the search is the child, because the child must participate the entire process such as: choosing the subject for the work evaluation. The teacher s role has an extreme importance, teachers must mediate the children s relation with the knowledge and with the other people. The interaction among teachers and children ought to be a preoccupation and the communication makes possible to find out the interests and desires of the children. The teacher needs to establish the objectives that intends to achieve like the principal focus the children s development more then they know or do by themselves. Man learns how to be man because of the activity in his relations. For the Historical and Cultural conception the person s activity is essential in its process of education. Therefore this activity can t be a mechanics and thoughtless action, but it must de conscious of its goal. This objective must concur with the reason that impels the accomplishment of this activity. We accomplished a questionnaire with Childish Education teachers from São Carlos city to analyze how they accept the work with projects. The statistics revealed a contradictory conception between the teacher speech with the children, in a moment affirm the child s participation is essential for the work, in another moment we investigated the child doesn t have a central place in the process, then they don t participate the planning of the choices of the subjects or the evolution of the projects. Consequently it s fundamental the professional of Childish Education search for theoretical knowledge and basis for their practices become more consistent with they think about education and childhood to achieve a better quality in teaching of elementary school children.
Elaboração e implementação piloto de um portal para o apoio à cooperação científica e tecnológica e sua aplicação à área de tratamento de superfícies metálicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-02)
Garcia, Leonardo Guimarães
;
Gregolin, José Angelo Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842651773105125
The globalization and the Communication and Information Technologies (CIT´s) have been, respectively, increased the demand and facilitated the existence of cooperation associated to innovation, research and development (R&D). In Brazil colaborative actions in R&D, particularly among companies and universities, are limited due to cultural and historic reasons. By the other hand, despite the Internet to be a TIC recognized by its capacity to integrate people and institutions, the current portals also have mechanisms yet incipient for the stimulus to cooperation in R&D. This occurs in large and small technological areas like Metallic Surface Treatment (MST). The present work aims to promote the innovation by implement, in a pilot scale, an Internet portal, to act in the linkage among people and institutions that are responsible by the R&D in MST. The results indicated that portals like this give relevant contributions to the R&D´s sectorial processes facilitating the diagnosis and the strategic direction of collective actions to overcome problems related to innovation, besides the generation as of information and ideas for R&D as of synergy and trust in cooperation, allowing to the sector to take advantages of cooperation to improve its R&D.
Estudo de haplótipos do DNA mitocondrial de colhereiros (Aves, Ordem Ciconiiformes, Platalea ajaja)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-02)
Santos, Mateus Henrique
;
Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604
Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja) is a neotropical bird with wide geographic distribution in intercontinental and coastal wetland habitats. Populations are morphologically indistinguishable, with no apparent differentiation from the southern United States to northern Argentina. In this study we aim to determine the genetic diversity and to delineate the Brazilian population structure of this specie, using genetic data of a 483 base-pair fragment of the first domain of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Samples of 50 individuals were collected from five breeding colonies in two important Brazilian wetland areas, the Pantanal (four colonies, n = 39) and the Banhado do Taim (one colony, n = 11). The levels of variability estimated using nucleotide (π) and haplotipic (H) diversities were higher in the Pantanal (π = 0.004 and H = 0.753) than in Taim (π = 0,0004 and H = 0,182). No significant levels of genetic differentiation among Pantanal colonies (Fst and AMOVA values are not significant) and between Pantanal and Taim colonies (Fst and AMOVA values are not significant) were found. The unimodal pattern of the mismatch distribution and the neutrality tests results (Tajima`s D = -1,942, Fu = -23,271 and R2 = 0,055) pointed a recent expansion in the Pantanal population. The time since the expansion was estimated to be 30242 years before present and the Ne was estimated as 14556 females. Our results were discuss considering that the present Pantanal population was originated from a geographically limited founder population. The Ne estimates indicates that the Pantanal population represents around 10-30% of Roseate Spoonbill continental population.
Falas e imagens: a escola de educação infantil na perspectiva das crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-05)
Silveira, Débora de Barros
;
Abramowicz, Anete
Speeches and Images: the school of infantile education in the perspective of children is a work that has as intention the production of a methodology and methodologycals procedures, in the perspective of searching an approach of and, with the five years old child, for the production of effects, directions, images and speeches of them about school, the things, the games and the people that they live together. The study was developed by means of a research of qualitative nature. The collection of data was made having as main focus the five years old children who composed one of the groups of a municipal school of infantile education of the city of São Carlos - SP and, in the attempt of composing a methodology and to generate methodologycals tools for research with small children, it was used comments, with register in daily of field and the use of video camera, beyond the interviews and the production of photographic images by the children. In the children speeches, as much in the interviews, as in the conversations about the pictures, it was possible to perceive that they have clarity on what they like in the institution of infantile education which they frequent. They feel themselves happy in this public, social and not familiar space that is the school. The public character, social and out of the familiar order is perceived by the children as a newness in its lives, as a space where they have the chance to live deeply bows of friendships with other children and other adults, chance to live deeply other affection and meeting. The production of a methodology was not only one effort of searching a proximity with the children and its knowledge. A methodology with children means to produce instruments for children think, to help them to think, or either, a methodology with children just make sense if, at the same time, produces knowledge with them. This study also delineated some necessary cares for the use of instruments or methodologycals tools in the collect of data in the research with small children.
Proposta para integrar os sistemas de gestão da qualidade, das boas práticas de fabricação e da APPCC em uma pequena empresa de sucos de frutas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-05)
Carrizo, Alberto
;
Toledo, José Carlos de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
The steady growth of the fruit juices sector is a significant factor strengthening the Brazilian economy; the richness of the tropical fruits, the quality of juices they are processed into and the luring presentation to consumers expanded the internal market and helped conquer demanding markets abroad. All this happened as a result of meeting stringent and assorted requirements, since food fruit juices included quality and safety are a must today. The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal to integrate management systems involving quality, good manufacturing practices and related legal requirements, as well as HACCP, in a small fruit juices company in the State of São Paulo. The proposal includes integrated cost-effective actions to implement the various standards. The research carried out concludes that the integration of management systems involving quality, good manufacturing practices and related legal requirements, as well as HACCP, is feasible. A relationship matrix of the respective requirements was designed during the research, which allowed conducting an initial joint and revealing assessment to evaluate the degree of fulfillment of those requirements. Bearing in mind the company´s scenario where the research was performed and the first application of this Integrated Management System took place, the proposal was not totally implemented. The necessity was perceived to test the Integrated Management System and monitor its operation in other food sector companies, thus not only evaluating the consistency of the proposal but also its flexibility to meet local specific requirements and detect improvement opportunities.
Educação religiosa versus laicismo: o "Correio Católico" e as escolas do triângulo mineiro 1930-1945
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-05)
Bittar, José Eduardo
;
Ferraz Júnior, Bento Prado de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3032944542324111
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5968203512149605
Incentivos para a certificação da qualidade no sistema de produção integrada de frutas (PIF): um estudo de casos na cadeia produtiva da maça.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-05)
Ribeiro, Luciane Meire
;
Toledo, José Carlos de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
With the increase of the consumed volume of products as of FLG (fruits, vegetables and greens), both fruits farmers and processors it has looked for mechanisms that promote the product differentiation, conferring attributes of both quality and security food and the productive process. Certified of the fruit quality with international acceptance are an alternative for the farmers and processors fruits to break non-tariff barriers imposed by import markets and to increase the competitiveness of the businesses. It enters the some available quality certifications in the market fruits is the Integrated Fruits Production (IFP), legalized in Brazil initially in apple production. The objective of this research is to analyze the causal incentives of the Integrated Apple Production (IAP) adoption for different agents of the both production and processing agricultural segment of the apple chain and explorer the incentives that stimulate the agents to implant the IAP certification. The method choused as strategy for the development of the research was the study of cases in five companies of São Joaquim (SC) that commercialize IAP certified fruits. The research concludes that the incentives to the implantation of the IAP certification are related, in part, the necessity of the agents of the same segment, and with common interests to search the competitiveness adopting similar competitive strategies to those of the main competitors. However the incentives also are related to the force of some agents of the same segment with extended chain insertion acting in the production that transmit to the agents conditions of market demand yourself. Exactly not receiving incentives from price, the agents of the both production and processing agricultural production find indirect benefits with the PIM, mainly in the agricultural production control activities.
Exercer a autonomia: um desafio para a gestão da escola pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-06)
Nunes, Iolanda Rodrigues
;
Marques, Waldemar
The school administration is a theme of great interes, not only for directors, but for educators in general, mainly if we understand the educator's in a way paper more enlarged, no restricted just to the limited dimensions of the classroom. Same knowing that the school is deeply affected for the politics education, social and economical of the country and that these, also interfere in doing of the teacher inside of classroom, we cannot disrespect that are the subjects inside school that do what the school is. In that sense, it is fundamental that the identity of the Political-pedagogic Project of the school is discussed because, when discussing it, it is discussing the identity of the school and of the subjects that compose it. Once intended to know the phenomenon in his essence, I opted to accomplish a case study analyzing in a fenomenologic perspective with base in the complex thought, dialoguing with the uncertainty and with the contradiction. For such, I chose some authors in order to build a theoretical referencial that could give base to my observations and analyse. Those authors are: Sanders, Magda Soares, Edgar Morin and Adelino Costa. To analyze the administration of the school in the search of understanding as the subjects exercises the autonomy in the elaboration and execution of the Political-pedagogic Project, to what extent the subjects of the school are aware of that document, in that measured it is preponderant factor in the quality of the school and the paper of the direction in that process, taking into account, in that analysis, the ultidimensionalidade of the phenomenon, that produces subjects autonomous, however dependent, is the subject-key of this work
Desempenho institucional e civismo na gestão municipal comparando a trajetória dos Conselhos de Saúde de duas cidades no Paraná: Dois Vizinhos e Palmas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-07)
Andrade, Cleverson Marcos Teles
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
Análise da competitividade dos clusters calçadistas do estado de São Paulo - um estudo multicaso.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-07)
Milaneze, Kleber Luiz Nardoto
;
Batalha, Mario Otávio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
In the end of the decade of 90, was verified the international adoption of strategies having aimed growth of the exportations and the supported development of the place, with this, governments, industries, suppliers, institutions of P&D and CT&I, class representatives, etc. they had started to search a bigger integration to get competitive advantages of this proximity, from there, it had the appearance clusters in Brazil. This work looked for to study shoes clusters of the State of São Paulo and how its agents are organizing for the construction and consolidation of competitive cluster. The methodology used in this research was qualitative, and it gaves through the use of the case study method. In the development of this study, the factors and subfactors of competitiveness had been analyzed, and the importance of each one of them have in the competitiveness of cluster was observed, as well as its level of implementation according to perception of each one of the searched agents. The level of participation of each one of the agents in clusters involved varies of city for city, and each cluster it prioritizes definitive factors in the search of a bigger competitiveness for the shoes sector of its city.
O sistema eleitoral brasileiro: uma análise sobre a questão da desproporcionalidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-07)
Carvalho, Eder Aparecido de
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Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9443185069485662
Emphasizing the existing disproportions in the Brazilian electoral system, the present work analyses some of the elements which distort its proportionality such as, the formula for converting votes into seats - highest average (d'Hondt version) -, the clause of electoral exclusion, the electoral coalitions, and the unequal allocation of seats to each Brazilian state. Additionally, this work shows through simulations that an electoral system, which is free of clauses and coalitions and followed by redistribution of electoral district boundaries, leads to a considerable reduction in the country s existing electoral disproportion.
Avaliação de relacionamentos no canal de distribuição de produtos de mercearia básica.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-08)
Pigatto, Gessuir
;
Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
The shift of power inside distribution channels and the need for adapting to constant consumer market changes have led enterprises to seek alternatives in order to face that new environment. Suppliers pursue to adapt themselves to the increasing power of large retail groups, while the latter need to adapt themselves to the growth of business networks composed by the small and medium grocery retailers and to the strengthening of independent stores and other distribution channels. At the same time, worldwide economy gives importance to the idea that all links of a supply chain must work in a collaborative integrated way, aiming gains in efficiency and productivity, and avoiding losses and rework. Thus, it is necessary to change enterprises relationships, in which conflict and bargaining power can be replaced by cooperation. However, it is important to understand the reasons leading to a collaborative business relation program. Also, it is necessary to comprehend expectations of both sides in the relation, as well as to understand how companies check whether such expectations have been reached or not. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to identify the most important behavioral variables in collaborative relations. From those variables, it was proposed parameters (actions and behaviors) which might be used by self-service retail companies and by their grocery suppliers, in order to evaluate the results of adopting new relation patterns noticed in the sector. To accomplish the research, 10 small and medium-sized retail groups, located in the state of São Paulo, and 10 grocery suppliers, indicated by the former, were interviewed. The analysis of results has showed that Trust and Compromising are the most important behavioral variables for retail groups and grocery suppliers. Additionally, less important variables for both samples were Power, Dependency and Conflict, the least important of all. The analysis of behavioral variables has showed consistency with theoretical inferences. However, most companies didn t use parameters to evaluate the development of those relations. From answers given by the interviewees and from the review of theory, it was possible to create two instruments for evaluating relationships. The first one is Behavioral Variable Maps. Through those maps it is possible to visualize partners actions and behaviors. Hence, it is possible to identify in which aspects those partners get closer to a collaborative relationship, and which actions and behaviors still need to be improved in order to achieve the results of collaborative relationships. The second evaluation instrument is a 2X2 Matrix, through which collaborative relationships are evaluated.
Eleição de diretores escolares no município de São Carlos: propostas e polêmicas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-08)
Souza, Dalgisa dos Santos Brito de
;
Marques, Waldemar
This work approaches the theme of Democratic Management focusing on the question of a School Director election. We questioned about which were the implications involved in the process of electing directors and whether this process contributed to the democratisation of school management. Our aim was to analyse and discuss the open election process for school principals that took place in municipal institutions of the São Carlos municipal teaching network, which it was the first attempt of filling these positions in São Carlos. In order to carry out this research, we started analysing documents such as: the guidelines for the election, which were published as a degree, the final report on the election process, and the data was also collected using semi-scripted interviews, carried out in two stage. At first stage, the researcher analised data regarding the work done by group of Public Policies and Education Management group at UFSCar (Federal University of São Carlos) in cooperation with the General Office Municipal of Education. This data is about the studentes parents , teachers , principals and workers insight, as to the election. In the second stage of collecting data, we interviewed again the same principals, although some of them had already left their jobs. In order to better understand this election process, we also obtained data related to the point of view of the council and the Secretary of Education. The results showed us that the case of the principals was not renewed; the period in which the process was carried out was very short; the participation in debates throughout the presentation of proposals was low. Thus the election process favoured the participation and the opportunity to choose. To conclude, the open election for school principals in the municipal of Sao Carlos was conflicting representing a contradictory case as the data collected showed progress and failures related to the experience of the process and also to the fact that there was not another election process and it still went back to what it was before an indication as a way of choosing the school principal.
Uso de modificadores permanentes em filamento de tungstênio para aprisionamento de hidretos de arsênio, selênio, antimônio e vapor de mercúrio e determinação por espectrometria de absorção atômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-08)
Souza, Samuel Simião de
;
Krug, Francisco José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462034099753487
In this work, a systematic evaluation of permanent chemical modifiers on tungsten coil atomizer for in situ trapping of selenium hydride (H2Se), arsine (AsH3), stibine (SbH3) and mercury vapor was done. The trapping occurred on tungsten coil surface coated with rhodium, iridium or ruthenium. A continuous flow system for generating the volatile species was coupled to the atomizer by a capillary quartz tube (50 mm long and 2.0 mm inner diameter) positioned at 0.5 mm from the modified tungsten surface. In this thesis, a new device for automatic in situ trapping of hydrides in tungsten coil was developed. This device is controlled by a program written in Visual Basic that is also used for management of the continuous flow system for hydride generation. This coupling can be easily implemented in any spectrometer simplifying the in situ trapping of hydrides in this electrothermal atomizer. The same system was used for the determination of Se and As in water and biological materials, and for investigating the possibilities for the determination of Sb and Hg. The coating with Rh showed higher efficiency to trap the species than Ir and Ru, resulting in better sensitivities. Using tungsten coil coated with 200 µg Rh pre-heated at 400 °C, sample flowing at 3.0 mL min-1 and trapping time of 30 s, enrichment factors of approximately 150 times for As and Se were obtained with limits of detection of 35 ng L-1 Se and 110 ng L-1 As. With Ir and Ru the enrichment factors for As and Se were 100 and 115 times, respectively. Using the proposed system it was also possible the speciation of inorganic arsenic in water samples. The evaluation of trapping efficiency on tungsten coil was made by conventional atomic absorption measurements and with the aid of radiotracers. The results obtained in the two modes of evaluation showed conflicting values, indicating a possible difference between the atomization mechanism of analytes when injected in the atomizer as liquid solution and when trapped as hydride on the tungsten coil surface with a permanent chemical modifier. The results obtained with radiotracers showed 69 ± 2% trapping efficiency of H2Se on tungsten coated with Rh. The trapping efficiencies with Ir and Ru were approximately 55%. For SbH3 the trapping efficiency was 82 ± 1% on tungsten coil coated with Rh. The behavior of generation and collection of SbH3 on tungsten coil still needs better evaluation due to the problems of reproducibility influenced by possible losses during hydride transport. Trapping of mercury vapor on tungsten coil coated with Rh showed a pronounced saturation of the tungsten surface resulting in limited linearity of calibration curve and comparatively poor repeatability ( RSD > 9%).
Desenvolvimento de um detector de espalhamento de luz LASER de baixo ângulo LALLS operando em tempo real na extrusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-08)
Damiani, Juliano Conter
;
Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2469541507195811
In the present work a prototype of a low angle laser light scattering was developed and installed in an extruder in order to operate in real time. The equipment was built by the research group of which the author is member, and low cost pieces were used when it was permitted. It was consisted of a laser beam which passes through the molten flow and a detector system formed by 64 photocells radially disposed to quantify the transmitted scattered beam. The molten flow used in this work was consisted of a PP matrix with a dispersed phase constituted of polymer (PA6, PS) or ceramic powder (TiO2, Al2O3). The resulting LALLS graphics showed dependence with second phase type. The signal from the detector is much stronger when ceramic powder was used. A dependence with the concentration was observed as well, as this factor affects the number of particles directly. The interpretation of the results was based on the considerations of Mie s theory, which correlates refraction indexes differences, particle size and concentration of the dispersed phase with the occurrence of single and multiple scattering. The measurements were all taken in the transient state, where the second phase is added in the polymer flow in the form of a pulse, and its behaviour is quantified in the extruder exit by the LALLS detector. Even when operating under severe conditions, like extrusion pressures (around 11 MPa) and temperatures (240°C or above), the detector showed enough sensibility to quantify the scattered light generated even by the blends used in this work.
Qualidade e trabalho: um estudo de caso em sindicato de trabalhadores sobre os programas de controle de qualidade total.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-08)
Fajardo, Rita de Cássia Arruda
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444050593360251
Through the 90 decade, the Total Quality Control Programs (TCPQ) were extremely diffused in enterprises of all country, with the objective to improve its competitiveness on the market. This study has the purpose to discuss this way of organize labour and production, confronting the hegemonic point of view favorable to these changes and that of workers who were subjected to this new kind of organization. Therefore, the present investigation had as an object of analysis a working class sector position, through one labor union representation, the Campinas and Region s Metallurgic Syndicate (CRMS), to verify how this workers Institution concrete its resistance and criticism to the TQCP implantation in effective actions. Syndicate s view was obtained over documental investigation and interviews with syndical leaders. During the development of the research it was notice that the competitiveness growth turns the employees a differential strategic to the organizations survival, thus, the TCQP represent a capital attempt in co-opt the workers knowledge, as a way to increase the control of productive procedures. The employees insufficient resistance and their consequent collaboration with these programs implantations have been causing the organizations fragile condition and fragmentation. The analysis obtained showed that the CRMS actions on enterprises techno-organizational innovations were of reactive character and that there was not any politics or concrete actions that could anticipate the changes. In general, the politics and syndical actions developed were based on the consequences these changes have brought about to the workers, and not on how the work should be organized. Thus, the conclusion is that this posture has not been making working class more strengthened as an effective result and that it is necessary a leap of quality in syndical actions, which must be an outcome of the reaction and elaboration join up the working class, taking employees subjectivity and the organization in working places into consideration as fundamental points to the construction of this surpass.
Impacto da implantação da Usina Hidrelétrica Luís Eduardo Magalhães (UHE Lajeado) no rio Tocantins, com ênfase na comunidade bentônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-08)
Kikuchi, Regina Mayumi
;
Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
This work aims to evaluate the impact and influence of the Luís Eduardo Magalhães hydroelectric power station (Lajeado Dam) in Tocantins River, which is located in the municipal district of Miracema of Tocantins TO, Brazil, through benthic macroinvertebrates community study in pre-flooding, reservoir filling and post-filling Phases. The samples have been collected with the help of a suction sampler in seven different points (at reservoir's upstream, downstream of the dam and five points in the reservoir), every other month totalling fifteen collections during a period of thirty months. The impact in the reservoir has been confirmed as due to environmental changes. These alterations are dynamic and vary in function of the dam proximity, seasonal changes and gate operations, causing modifications on density and richness of the organisms, reducing or enhancing them. The impact at the downstream of the dam has been noticed as well, probably due to the quality of the water released from the dam and the dam operation itself. Also at the control point on the reservoir's upstream, the impact with a prevalence of an invasive freshwater species in terms of density has been confirmed. With the construction of the dam, the invasive mollusks of the gên. Corbicula sp. prevail in density terms on the upstream point (Balsas) and in the beginning of the reservoir (Ipueiras point). In the reservoir, invertebrates like Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera (Simuliidae and Empididae) has disappeared mainly in the dam s closest points (Graciosa and Todos os Santos) and the Diptera larvae (Chaoboridae and Chironomidae - Tribo Chironomini) has prevailed. In the downstream point (Gorgulho) some groups of invertebrates like Diptera larvae (Simuliidae) and Plecoptera has disappeared and Chaoboridae larvae of the reservoir appear mainly in the rainy period at this point. This work confirms that there have been alterations on the composition and structure of the benthic community due to environmental changes (mainly on the dissolved oxygen in water, depth of the dam, current speed and type of substratum) caused by the construction of a hydroelectric power station. A crescent longitudinal gradient of impact from the riverine zone to the lacustrine zone of reservoir has been confirmed.
Nitrosilo complexos de rutênio com ligantes bifosfínicos: espectroscopia, eletroquímica, estudo da reatividade e liberação de NO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-12-09)
Poelhsitz, Gustavo Von
;
Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
In this thesis some series of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes presenting as common characteristic the presence of diphosphines ligands in their structures, among them: dppm, dppe, c-dppen, dppp, dppb, dcpe and dppf were studied. It was sought in each series to evaluate the electronic properties of the coordinated NO as a function of the changes in the diphosphine ligand as well as to compare the NO properties among the series, in this case the characteristics of the other co-ligands were considered. The usual techniques were used to characterize the complexes: IR, UV/vis, NMR and for some compounds 15N{1H}NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and elemental analysis. For some compounds single crystals appropriated to X-ray diffraction analysis were obtained, leading to a valuable structural study. Specifically, in this work the mer-[RuCl3(NO)(P-P)], P-P = diphosphine, series was synthesized by the photochemical isomerization of the corresponding fac isomers in CH2Cl2 solution or in the solid state. The synthesis and NMR characterization of the mer-[RuCl3(15NO)(dppb)] allowed the correct attribution of the signal corresponding to each phosphorus in the 31P{1H} NMR spectra of the mer series. The electrochemical study shows that the oxidation/reduction processes observed in these complexes are dependent on both, the isomer (fac or mer) and the solvent. In CH2Cl2 the NO+ reduction potentials are less negative for the mer-isomers than for the fac, while in CH3CN these potentials are, in general, very close for both isomers. The reactions products of the fac-[RuCl3(NO)(P P)], P P = dppe or c-dppen, with the 4,6-dimethyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine ligand in methanol were the nitrosyl [Ru( SpymMe2 ,-N,-S)( SpymMe2 ,-S)(NO)(P P)]PF6, these were the first ruthenium complexes containing the nitrosyl and a pyrimidine derivative ligands. For these species, the cyclic voltammograms showed the first NO+ reduction reversible at @ -0.35 V and an irreversible process for the second reduction at @ -1.1 V. The trans-[RuCl(NO)(dppe)2]2+ complex had its photochemical behavior evaluated at 355 nm in CH3CN NO labilization (confirmed by a selective electrode) and formation of RuII and RuIII species identified by 31P{1H} NMR and EPR, respectively, were found. The same photochemical experiment carried out in CH2Cl2 produced species containing the RuII-NO0 unit as well as RuIII that were identified by EPR. With the same compound NO labilization was obtained with 520 nm irradiation by utilizing rhodamine B as sensitizator. The NO+ character of the trans-[RuCl(NO)(P-P)2]2+, P-P = dppe or c-dppen, complexes was evaluated by the reaction with the azide nucleophile in CH3CN forming the corresponding solvento derivatives. Complexes with general formula [RuCl(NO)(dcpe)(NN)] 2+, N-N = bipy, Me-bipy or phen, were synthesized and characterized showing an nNO close to 1890 cm-1 and a reversible pair NO+/NO0 with E1/2 close to 0.1 V. The geometry of these complexes were determined by the 31P{1H} NMR spectrum of the [RuCl(15NO)(dcpe)(bipy)]2+ species that showed one of the phosphorus trans to the NO, consequently the other one is trans to nitrogen. It was also shown that these complexes are attacked by the azide ion and that photo-induced NO labilization occurs in CH3CN when solutions are exposed to white light.