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Estudo da variação genética em Prochilodus costatus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) na bacia do Rio São Francisco, região de três Marias (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Costa, Luis Fernando Carvalho
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4800779539865670
"Curimbatá-pióa ", Prochilodus costatus (Valenciennes, 1850), is an endemic species from São Francisco river basin, with migratory habits, with important ecological role and of fishing importance. The present study aimed to assess the genetic variation in Prochilodus costatus in order to verify the occurrence of population genetic structure and to produce knowledge that contributes to the conservation of the species. Genetic variation was studied at three sites downstream of the Três Marias dam (MG) through six specific microsatellites loci, isolated and characterized in this study. The loci were amplified through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and the individuals were genotyped in an automated sequencer. The statistical analyses were accomplished through the softwares GENEPOP 3.3 and FSTAT 2.9.3.2. Fish from the three sites had quite similar genetic diversity levels and they did not show genetic differentiation to each other, suggesting that P. costatus might represent a single reproductive unit in the high-middle São Francisco River. These findings are comparable to those previously obtained in the sister-species P. argenteus and should be important for futures management plans that seek the conservation of this species.
Diagnóstico das condições de formação dos professores e do ensino de Química no município de Barretos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Franco, Ana Leonor Santos Junqueira
;
Batista, Alzir Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
This work presents a descriptive and analytic study on chemical education in Barretos (São Paulo). The purpose of the study is mainly to investigate the pedagogic practices in secondary and higher chemistry education and suggest possible intervention strategies. The methodology involved three types of questionnaires: one completed by secondary chemistry teachers, one by undergraduate professors, and one by undergraduate students. The teacher and professor questionnaires asked teachers and professors to provide information about their own education and experience, the resources available to them, subject implementation and classroom practices, and student evaluation. The student questionnaire asked students a variety of questions about themselves, professors' classroom practices, and the resources available to them. Various instructional practices are not used by secondary teachers and professors. Lectures to the whole class are prevalent in both grades. Text-based and centred approaches are the most common practices. This is of great concern in an issues-based world where science and technology have so much impact on society. Using current science-related issues as an integral part of the chemistry course should be strengthened. The students must be capable of discussing, responding to, and acting upon issues as young citizens in our society. The vast majority of secondary teachers reported that equipment and lab facilities are not available. The situation with respect to higher education is better but still far from satisfactory. Professors and undergraduate students reported that the quantity of lab materials, computers, and library materials is insufficient. This situation should be rectified before the cost of updating and replacing the learning resources for chemistry is impossible to achieve. Tests, supplemented by lab assignments, are the heaviest weighted information source for student evaluation in both grades, although they form a larger portion of students' evaluation. Too little emphasis has been placed on alternate evaluation approaches. Steps should be taken to improve on the variety of appraisal practices at the secondary and tertiary level, and teachers and professors should be assisted in developing their own approaches to evaluation.
Extração de atributos em imagens de sensoriamento remoto utilizando Independent Component Analysis e combinação de métodos lineares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Levada, Alexandre Luís Magalhães
;
Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
Methods for feature extraction represent an important stage in statistical pattern recognition applications. In this work we present how to improve classification performance creating a feature fusion framework to combine second and higher order statistical methods, avoiding existing limitations of the individual approaches and problems as ill-conditioned behavior, which may cause unstable results during the estimation of the independent components (whitening process) and eventual noise amplifications. The resulting scheme is used to combine features obtained from a variety of methods into a unique feature vector defining two approaches: Concatenated and Hierarquical Feature Fusion. The methods are tested on both multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing images, which are classified using the maxver (maximum likelihood) approach. Results indicate that the technique outperforms the usual methods in some cases, providing a valid useful tool for multivariate data analysis and classification.
A motivação escolar de alunos com baixo rendimento acadêmico: metas de realização, atribuições de causalidade e autoconceito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Zambon, Melissa Picchi
;
Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7962266388908738
In Brazil, many data indicate the school difficulties found by the students, mainly in the public teaching. The analysis of the factors motivacionais has shown a promising alternative for the understanding of the low academic achievement. The motivation can be understood as a variety of psychological processes that lead to a choice, stimulate and begin a behavior directed toward an objective, which guarantee the permanence in the same. The recent researches has been focusing the effects mediators in the motivation of the students' beliefs related to the own capacity to accomplish the school activities (beliefs about self-efficacy and self-concept) and the reasons and the students' purposes to engage in academic activities (the attributions and self-control beliefs, levels of interest and intrinsic motivation, values and achievement goals). The present study focused the students’ achievement goals, causality attributions and self-concept. The main achievement goals are learning and performance: the first has been associated to positive cognitive, motivational, affective and behavioral outcomes, and performance goal has been linked to less adaptive outcomes. In the same way the effects in the motivation of the attributions (individual's perceptions on the causes of his successes and failures) and of the self-concept (set of representations that the person has of itself) has been studied. An adaptive attributional pattern is that in which the success is related to the ability and effort and the failure attributed to the lack of effort. Related to self-concept, student that develops a positive perception of his academic ability has high expectations for his performance and shows a larger cognitive engagement in the academic tasks. The literature evidences that students with low academic performance less adaptive motivational patterns, which can have a severe impact in the performance behaviors, affecting their learning. In order to offer a contribution for the understanding of the low academic performance in the Brazilian context, the present study had as objectives: the) to compare the achievement goals, attributions and self-concept of students in 6th and 7th grades with acting low, medium and high performance in Portuguese; b) to identify the relations among the academic performance and these three variables and c) to identify how these motivational variable are linked. Participated in the study 42 students with low academic performance, 65 students with medium academic performance and 52 with high academic performance, between 12 and 15 years, studying in a public school. The instruments used were: Scale of Personal Goals of the Students, Scale of Attribution of Causality for Activities of Reading and Writing of Texts and the academic scales of SDQ-II (Self-Description Questionnaire). For the analysis of the data ANOVA test and the Pearson Correlation were accomplished (p <0,05). Differences were found among the group with low academic in Portuguese and with high academic performance related to the learning goal, attribution for the success to the capacity, effort and external causes, attribution of the failure to the capacity and general school, Portuguese and Mathematics self-concept. The academic performance of the students presented as positively correlated to the learning goal, to the attribution of the success to the capacith and the effort and to the three areas of the self-concept, negatively correlated negatively to the attribution of the success to external cause and of the failure to the capacity. The results of the present study corroborate the discoveries of the literature, once the characteristics motivacional characteristics were less adaptive among students with low performance and more adaptative among students with high performance. This research has given a group of data on some motivational characteristics, which were considered relevant once they were obtained through widely used instruments in recent international researches, offering methodological contributions and results that can be reference for subsequent studies.
Estruturas de governança no suprimento de açúcar ao mercado industrial de alimentos processados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Bianchini, Vivian Karina
;
Alves, Maria Rita Pontes Assumpção
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5879112361461721
This research analyzes different initiatives from entrepreneurs of Sugar Cane Agroindustry System who have been undertaking to reinforce their competitiveness after the productive deregulation of the ninety decade. Some companies started to offer differentiated products, to the industrial market, through sales processes that present different businesses structures from what they have done before the deregulation. The objective of this research is to identify the changes that happened in the sugar supply to the industrial market of food, caused by the products differentiation, more specifically in liquid and inverted sugar. The Supply Chain Management concept is going to help in the analysis of the businesses processes and the changes in the supply operations of the differentiated sugar. The analysis in the different ways from the sugar plants, which have to organize and to coordinate the sale of their products, is going to look for subsidies in the theory of Transaction Cost Economy. The research method used was multi-cases study. It was verified the existence of different governance structures for sugar supply to the industrial market and the changes in the business processes, productive, logistics and in the transactions for sale the product because of supply of differentiated sugars.
Adolescentes em conflito com a lei: perfil e intervenção.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Gallo, Alex Eduardo
;
Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
This study belongs to a research program, driving at the development of an adequate social repertoire, which could decrease the re-incidence of criminal behaviour in youth. Adolescents attended in Community Services and Probation in Sao Carlos were characterized, under objective of assessing the major number of variables and its correlation to criminal behaviour (Study 1). Study 2 compared these data to a similar sample at city of London, Ontario, Canada, aiming identifying possible correlations between observed variables, in a multicultural context. Finally, evaluated a designed intervention program to teach parenting skills to mothers of young offenders (Study 3). Study 1 analyzed 123 protocols, in a survey design, among those of the year 2002. The information of those protocols were tabulated and analyzed. General results suggest that most of participants did not attend school. Not attending school was associated to increasing number of re-incidences, use of drugs and use of weapons. Although, participants with a lower educational level lived with single-parents, when compared to those with a higher educational level. Study 2 analyzed 100 protocols, in a survey design, among those referred for evaluation to a Centre in Canada, comparing the dada to Study 1. Results showed that adolescents in Sao Carlos dropped school earlier, because they could not follow the classes, while Canadian schools offer a vaster services network to avoid school evasion, like educational support programs since a problem is identified. Although, theft was the most common crime in Sao Carlos, while Canadian society determines that acts like butt grabbing (most common crime in London) be against the law. Based on data found on those studies, an intervention program was designed to teach parenting skills to ten single-mothers of young offenders. The program consisted in 6 intervention sessions, plus five initial sessions for base-line evaluation and five final sessions for results evaluation. The sessions worked subjects as setting up limits, rules, and kid s antisocial behaviour functional analysis. Results showed: participants started the program with a low self-esteem, moderate degree of depression and problems dealing with kids. From ten initial mothers, only four finished the program. After the six intervention sessions, mothers were again evaluated and results showed an increasing in self-esteem, did not show depression index and problems dealing with kids decreased. In a general way, teach parenting skills, even in few sessions, can reduce conflicts with kids, what could decrease the risk for crimes.
Encontro de Bandeiras: o ciclo festivo do Triângulo Mineiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Bonesso, Márcio
;
Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1766342380960663
This research is an ethnographic study of Folia de Reis , (a kind of catholic party of kings and merry-makers) that analyzes more than their rituals and practices, but also embraces the social spaces that comprise it. This work describes and interprets the religious factions of the party celebrating the Saint s kings, as essential elements that together configure a new dynamic of rhythm, musicality, and feelings that pass from the daily life of the folioes (merry-makers) to the party itself, and from the party into their lives. The city of Romaria is the major reference and departure point of the study because it is exactly the place from where many other parties were inspired and organized by other nearby towns. Romaria is also a place that receives very diverse and interesting types of people, who come to participate of the parties that occur here throughout the year, such as Cavalhadas, congadas, folia de reis, and so on. The bureaucratic organizations that institutionalize the party and their relationship with the community and with the church hierarchy are other aspects that are related to Romaria s position as the central and most important catholic city within all of the Triangulo Mineiro region. The last subject of this study is the dialog between the figures of the cultural intermediate such as journalists, researchers, musicians, and artists that in general make this religious party the starting point to approaching and understanding the popular culture. This research will underline the musicians acting and criticizes the maniqueist sight of authentic culture, mass culture, erudite culture, and popular culture. Together, the action of cultural intermediates and the ethnographic study of Folia de reis provides a conceptual and theoretic reflection that questions how Anthropology, as a form of knowledge, is building a new methodology that allows us to understand the practices and subjectivities without fixing them in a hyperpolitical signification, while, on the other hand, maintaining a critical viewpoint. Only in this manner is possible to perceive life in the plastic flowers that adorn the guitars and the arcs as the passing territory between the sacred and the mundane, and as the constitutive part of the party that makes the party merry, and makes the merry-makers kings without royalty.
Estruturas de concreto armado em ambiente urbano: avaliação de carbonatação à luz das recomendações da NBR 6118:2003
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Gomes, Nivaldo de Almeida
;
Sales, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
This present paper evaluates the depth of carbonation of concrete test samplers taken from existing buildings where it was possible to recover the registers of concreting such as: date of execution, concrete mixture proportions, compression resistance and design specifications allowing the establishment of the cover thickness foreseen during the design phase with the thickness of carbonation according to the exposure time. These buildings that are in Ribeirão Preto City, in the State of São Paulo had their structures designed and started in the ninety s decade under the rules and recommendations of NBR 6118:1980, specially about the protection of the steel reinforcement by the thickness of the concrete cover, and their construction stopped until the concrete test samplers were extracted for this research. The results allow of the affirmation that the depth of carbonation had already reached significant levels indicating the need of protection or structural recovery of the elements researched. Parallel there was a simulation to get to know the results in these structures using the rules of NBR 6118:2003 to cover the steel reinforcement. The conclusion was, in most cases, the steel reinforcement still had a significant protection if the parameters used were according to the recommendations of this norm, and then, light interventions were needed to restart the construction.
Um enfoque bayesiano do modelo de captura-recaptura na presença de covariáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Paula, Marcelo de
;
Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
This work has as main objective to insert covariates in the capture probability of the multiple capture-recapture method for closed animal population. Factors like climate, seasons of the year, animal size, could a¤ect the animal capture probability. We revise the methodology concepts, we make a study about the posteriori parameters sensibility, we present new parameters for the capture probability in specific situations and we insert covariates in the model used by Castledine (1981) through bayesian methods. The bayesian analysis was made through several studies of stochastic simulation through MCMC (Monte Carlo Markov Chain) with simulated and real data to obtain the population size posteriori results.
Um modelo baseado em seleção de processos e dimensionamento de lotes para o planejamento agregado da produção em usinas de açúcar e álcool.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22)
Paiva, Rafael Piatti Oiticica de
;
Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
The main concern of this work is related with the development of an aggregate production planning model of a sugar and alcohol milling company. This mathematical model is based on the process selection model and the production lotsizing model, and aims to help the decision makers in the production planning and control process of determining the quantity of sugarcane crushed, the selection of sugarcane suppliers, the selection of sugarcane transport system suppliers, the selection of industrial process used in the sugar, alcohol and molasses production and the storage decisions related with this final products. The decisions are taken in a week bases and the planning horizon is the whole sugarcane harvesting season. To solve the mixed integer mathematical problem found in this modeling, we applied the GAMS modeling language and the CPLEX solver. A case study was developed in a sugar and alcohol milling company located in Rio Largo, state of Alagoas, Brazil. The results of this case study helped us to verify the applicability of the proposed model in the aggregate production planning of a milling company. Computational results are presented for some scenarios of one illustrative example and some scenarios in a real data application.
Área foliar, assimilação de carbono e fotoquímica da fotossíntese de duas cultivares de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) sob diferentes intensidades de sombreamento ou temperatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23)
Araújo, Eugênio Celso Emérito
;
Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
The physiology of mango is little known in relation to other fruit trees. There are gaps about estimation of mango leaf area using no destructive methods or concern photosynthetic responses under temperatures above 10oC, carbon assimilation, leaf and bud productions inr shade. The aims of present work were to shed light on these gaps determining on mango cultivars Tommy Atkins and Haden a) Indexes and equations for fast and no-destructive estimate leaf area (AF) just using length (C), maximum width (L), or both; b) Photosynthetic capacity, leaf and bud production growing under 0, 65 and 85% of shade and, c) The photosynthetic responses (photochemical and photosynthetic capacities) under temperatures between 17-32o C. The leaf area (AF) could be estimated multiplying length x width x 0,74 (for Tommy cultivar) or 0,78 (for Haden) as well using equations: AF = 4,96349 C - 33,429 (R2=0,86); AF = 17,02964 L - 18,88065 (R2=0,85) and AF = 0,73499 (CxL) + 0,59459 (R2=0,92) for Tommy or AF = 5,35282C - 33,17061(R2=0,88); AF = 19,09951L - 24,61777(R2=0,89) and AF = 0,76015(CxL) + 0,43257(R2=0,99) for Haden. In shade the cultivars presented same values of maximum net photosynthesis (Amax) obtained under full solar irradiance, decreasing the light compensation point and/or increasing the chlorophyll content. Besides, until 65% of shade, both cultivars maintained the same leaf and bud production in relation to full solar irradiance treatment, enabling them for plantation under high densities until middle shade intensities (around 65%). The optimum temperature range for Amax was 23-29oC in Tommy and 23-26oC in Haden. Both cultivars presented an unbalance between photochemical and biochemical phases of the photosynthesis in between 17-32o C, especially Haden. Under regular atmospheric concentration of CO2 the net photosynthesis of Haden, in general, was smaller than Tommy, while under CO2 saturation the opposite happened, possibly because Haden used its largest capacity of electron transport to increase the carbon assimilation, and, at the same time, decreasing its susceptibility to oxidative stress. Both cultivars presented high temperature adaptation maintaining almost constant the intensities of dark respiration (Rd) in Tommy and the photorespiration (Pr) in Haden. In Tommy Pr induced increases in light saturation (LS) and compensation (LCP) points, and reductions in apparent quantum yield (α). In Haden increases in Rd, LS stability and α reductions with temperature did not keep relationship with Pr nor with RE probably because the rupture of the cellular homeostasis caused by high electron excess.
Publicação científica derivada das dissertações e teses na interface entre educação física e educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23)
Sacardo, Michele Silva
;
Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823041497150247
Knowing if the dissertations and thesis, after the defense, generated other kinds of publications that reached of a broader way the population-target of the studies carried out, it s intimately related to social relevance of the searches produced in the postgraduate studies. It s believed that this study can contribute to areas of Special Education and Physical Education, in the sense of making possible to scientific community having a knowledge more systematic about the social validity and, principally, the application of the knowledge produced in the field of the master s degree and doctorate of these areas in this country. This study main to analyze scientific publications derived from dissertation and thesis in Physical and Special Education that had resulted in articles, books and chapters of books with thematic towards people with special needs. For the development of the study was adopted a methodology divided into the following fazes: a)The constitution of the theoretical corpus of the research was carried by literature revision on: production of the scientific knowledge in the areas of Physical Education, Special Education and Science of the Information; science, scientists and scientific knowledge; scientific communication; scientific publication; valuation of the scientific production and reflections concerning the evaluation of the after-graduation; b) Identification of Postgraduate Programs studies in Physical Education and Special Education; b) data collection in the Capes site, at the NUTESES and PPGEEs; c) databases elaboration for systematization of the collected data; d) Description and analysis of the results carried through to the light of the theoretical reference. The results had shown that 58% of publications generated for the thesis and thesis had been published under the article form, followed by chapters (29%) and books (13%). These confirm what the previous literature references indicate, or either that, the publication channel more used by the researchers to promote their works is the scientific article publication in periodic.
Violência doméstica e desempenho escolar: desafios para o judiciário e para a educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23)
Pereira, Paulo Celso
;
Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
Children, as well as women, the elderly and the disabled, are the preferential victims of violence. The child ca be a direct or indirect victim of such phenomenon (as in the case of children exposed to marital violence). Child maltreatment damages cognitive development and may be responsible for declines in academic performance. The aims of this study were: a) to characterize the school performance of victimized children referred to the Judicial System (Study 1), and b) to identify teachers and school principals views on domestic violence and inclusionary practices (Study 2). Twenty victimized children have participated in Study 1 (ten male and ten female), whose school performance were compared to their peers of the same classroon, gender, age, but without a history of family violence. Eighteen teachers and ten school principals participated of Study 2. Children from both groups were given three instruments: The Academic Performance Test, Parenting Styles Inventory and Raven s Progressive Matrices Test. The children gave samples of their notebook production. Children s mothers answered a family interview and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2). Teachers and school principals also took part of an intervew. Teachers report cards were analyzed and teachers offered their impressions on student s academic performance. Results generally indicated inferior academic performance by the victimized children, when compared with their matched group, in spite of similar results in the Raven s Test for both groups. According to teachers, victimized children had inferior academic performance in relation to their non-victim peers, having in addition, more behavioral problems and aggressive behaviors. CTS-2 results indicated that most of the victimized chilren were exposed to marital violence; in most cases, the target of violence was the child s mother. The teachers and school principals demonstrated to have notions about domestic violence. In regards to school inclusion, their knowledge was found to be superficial. In addition, teachers showed some reservations about adopting inclusionary practices.
Métodos estatísticos aplicados à análise da expressão gênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23)
Saraiva, Erlandson Ferreira
;
Milan, Luis Aparecido
The technology of the DNA-Arrays is a tool used to identify and to compare levels of expression of a great number of genes or fragments of genes, in di¤erent conditions. With this comparison, it is possible to identify genes possibly causing illnesses of genetic origin (cancer for example). Great amounts of numerical data (related the measures of levels of expression of the genes) are generated and statistical methods are important for analysis of this data with objective to identify the genes that present evidences for di¤erent levels of expression. The objective of our research is to develop and to describe methods statistical, capable of identifing genes that present evidences for di¤erent levels of expression. We describe the test t, considered for Baldi and Long (2001) and consider three others methods. The first method considered is based on the use of parametric Bayes inference and the methods for selection of models, Bayes factor and DIC; the second method is based an semi-parametric bayesian inference, model of mixtures of Dirichlet processes. The third method is based on the use of a model with infinite mixtures of distributions that applied the analysis of the genica expression determines groups of similar levels of expression.
Avaliação da viabilidade da determinação de cobalto e cromo em alimentos por espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno tubular na chama e aerossol térmico (TS-FF-AAS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23)
Donati, George Luís
;
Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
In this work, a nickel tube used as atomization cell and a ceramic capillary for thermospray generation (TS-FF-AAS) were employed to increase the analytical performance of the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The applicability of the method was evaluated for Co(II) and Cr(III) determination in food samples. Due to factors such as the low temperature into the atomization tube, the high atomization temperatures of the analytes, and the low levels of these elements in biological samples, a cloud point extraction (CPE) method was applied to both improve the processes of volatilization and atomization by formation of volatile metal complexes, and increase the sensitivity. Triton X-114 was used as surfactant to the implementation of the cloud point preconcentration procedure and, after the evaluation of several complexing agents, the best results were obtained with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC). Parameters such as pH of complexation and concentrations of both surfactant and complexing agent were optimized. To improve the sensitivity, two configurations were evaluated to change the internal temperature of the atomization tube. The slotted tube, in which the internal temperature is higher due to more intense flame penetration, provided a significant increase in Cr(III) sensitivity. Parameters such as flame stoichiometry, atomization tube height, rich phase solvent, sample volume, carrier and flow rate were also evaluated. Limits of detection (LOD) of 2.1 and 2.5 µg L-1 and quantification (LOQ) of 7.0 and 8.4 µg L-1 (n = 10) for Co(II) and Cr(III), respectively, were obtained using optimized conditions. Intermediate precision (5.8 and 5.4 % for Co(II) and Cr(III), respectively), presented as relative standard deviation (RSD, %, 1s), were calculated from 10 consecutive readings of both analytes preconcentrated solutions. Interferences were observed in both volatilization and atomization processes into the atomization tube, as well as in the reactions of metal complexes formation due to both the complexity of the sample and the high concentrations of concomitants. A procedure based on extraction with 1 mol L-1 HCl was adopted for Co(II) determination. Only divalent species are quantitatively extracted. On the other hand, critical interferents, such as Fe(III) and Al(III), are not extracted. Procedures for interferents complexation with either fluorides or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were evaluated for Cr(III) determination. Method accuracy was checked by Co(II) determination in two certified reference materials (tomato leaves and bovine liver). There were no statistical differences between determined and certified values in a 95 % confidence level. The proposed method is efficient and allowed the determination of trace concentrations of Co(II) in foods without the need of sample digestion. However, the Cr(III) determination in foods was not possible due to the sample complexity and the interferences caused by concomitants in both preconcentration and determination steps.
A comunidade de invertebrados bentônicos nos reservatórios de Promissão, Nova Avanhandava e Três Irmãos (Baixo Rio Tietê - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23)
França, Roberta Sebastiany
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
The aim of the present study was to characterize the benthic community of Promissão, Nova Avanhandava and Três Irmãos reservoirs, in relation to the composition of taxa, population densities and also to verify the occurrence of exotics mollusks in this reservoir system. Moreover, it aimed to evaluate possible relations between the physical and chemical characteristics of the water and of the sediment and the structure of the community considering the spatial (upper, middle and lower portions of each reservoir) and temporal scales (dry and rainy periods). Sampling was carried out through November 2002 (rainy period) and August 2003 (dry period). Sediment samples for the analyses of the benthic community were obtained using a van Veen grab. The benthic communities of Promissão, Nova Avanhandava and Três Irmãos Reservoirs, were represented, in the rainy period, for a total of 24, 23 and 15 taxa, and in the dry period, for a total of 25, 25 and 17 taxa, respectively. In both sampling periods, and in all reservoirs, there were representatives of Phylum Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca and Platyhelminthes. Only in Nova Avanhandava Reservoir the occurrence of individuals belonging to the Phylum Crustacea were registered. The main groups in the benthic communities were Mollusca, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae. Amongst the Mollusca, three exotic species were found: Melanoides tuberculata, Corbicula fluminea and Helisoma sp. M. tuberculata was the most abundant species, corresponding to more than 60 % of the total individuals. C. fluminea and Helisoma sp were less abundant and they did not register in all the portions of the reservoirs. Among the representatives of the Oligochaeta, the species Branchiura sowerbyi was the most abundant and unique, occurring in all reservoirs and periods sampled, being registered with a maximum abundance of 6 %, during the rainy period in the upper portion of Promissão Reservoir. Chironomidae had the highest species richness, and Coelotanypus sp was the most abundant taxon, in all the reservoirs studied. The highest diversity of taxons was found in Promissão Reservoir. It is possible that eutrophication have favored the primary production, the survival and the establishment of certain species. The low values of uniformity found in all three reservoirs and in both periods of sampling reflects the presence of highly dominant species, as it is the case of M. tuberculata. The present study evidenced the high capacity of invasion of this species, which is widely distributed in all the reservoirs, evidencing the necessity of control or erradication of these exotic and invasive species in the reservoirs.
Estudo da eco-eficiência de argamassas e concretos reciclados com resíduos de estações de tratamento de água e de construções e demolições
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23)
Souza, Francis Rodrigues de
;
Sales, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
Traditional and recycled mortar and concrete have been produced and the results from simple compression strength and water absorption tests have been compared. Recycled mortar and concrete have been produced out of sludge from water treatment plants and rubble from construction and demolition. The amount of aluminum present in the leached extract from the solubilization process of the concrete produced with the addition of both sludge from water treatment plants and rubble from construction and demolition has been determined. In terms of simple compression strength, the addition of up to 4 % of sludge in mass in place of natural sand has made it possible to obtain recycled concrete with similar characteristics to traditional concrete. Although water absorption of concrete and mortar produced from both sludge from water treatment plants and rubble from construction and demolition is much higher than water absorption of traditional mortar and concrete, the results have not made it impossible to use them; it has just restricted their application to places free from moist resulting from weather conditions or use characteristics. The leached extract resulting from the solubilization of the concrete produced out of both sludge from water treatment plants and rubble from construction and demolition has shown aluminum concentration higher than the drinkability standard defined by the Brazilian standards agency (ABNT), but not in such a level to turn the rubble from the recycled product dangerous to human health.
Propriedades assintóticas de uma equação de reação e difusão com p-Laplaciano degenerado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23)
Junges, Taísa
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Gentile, Cláudia Buttarello
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1295174684198407
In this work we characterize the stationary solution set of a quasi-linear parabolic GOVERNADO for p-Laplacian, p > 2, and we stability properties of EQUILÍBRIOS. Furthermore, we do a comparision between this problem and the semilinear case p = 2.
Interação entre irmãos de indivíduos com deficiência mental: o papel da idade e do apoio social da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24)
Nunes, Célia Cristina
;
Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
The presence of a disabled child in a family affects not only the parents but also other members, mainly, the siblings. This members can be involved directly and indirectly with the care of the disabled brother or sister, and this population is at risk for behavioral and psychological adjustment problems. However, this field of research is narrow, mainly in Brazil. The way in which brothers and sisters react to the presence of a disabled child depends on several things, like social support available to the family and the age of the siblings. Most investigations in this field is interested in the psychological adjustment of brothers and sisters, and little attention is paid to the interaction between them and its relation with some aspects of the family and the siblings. Thus, the purpose of the present study was: 1. To describe the relationship in sibling s dyads, separated in two groups one with the mentally retarded sibling with age between 10 to 14 years old (Group 1), and another with the mentally retarded sibling with age between 21 to 24 years old (Group 2); 2. To compare the performance in the relationships of the both groups; and 3. To assess if there are differences in the relationships between the groups when the family social support and resources are considered. Two sessions of sibling s interactions in game situations (domino) and daily situations (listening to music) and one session of a sibling s daily activity were videotaped. The following instruments were used with the siblings: Formulário de Irmãos (Sibling s Questionnaire) and Interview with Siblings of Person with Disability. In terms of the caretakers the following scales were used: the Escala de Apoio da Família (Family Support Scale), the Escala de Recursos da Família ( Family Resources Scale) and the Escala de Apoio à Maternidade/Paternidade (Parenting Support from Family and Friends Scale). Results related to the relationship suggested that the larger difference between the groups referred to the behavior s category of helper, with higher occurrence in the Group 1 than the Group 2. This result was supported for the interview s report. Scales results indicated significant statistically difference between the groups only for the Parenting Support from Family and Friends Scale, with higher level of this support for Group 1. Thus, it is possible to suggest that because families from Group 1 have lower levels of support from families and friends than Group 2 (measured with the Parenting Support from Family and Friends Scale), there is a greater help required from the disabled member, which can be compensated by the brother or sister. Young siblings with typical development performed the helper s role in greater level than adults siblings do it. This research draws attention to futures investigations with larger numbers of participants, and to investigations of the relation between sibling s relationship and gender, and the severity of the disabled sibling. Key-Words: Siblings relationships; Mental Disability; Social Support; Observation.
Classificação de imagens tomográficas de ciência dos solos utilizando redes neurais e combinação de classificadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24)
Breve, Fabricio Aparecido
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
Pattern Recognition is a subject being used in a multidisciplinary scope, with different approaches. One of them is its application in computerized tomography images, commonly acquired in order to do medical diagnosis, but they have been used in several other applications as well, including Soil Science. The objective of this work is to study and to discuss the performance of neural network-based classifiers (Multilayer Perceptron and Radial Basis Functions) and classifier combiners (Bagging, Decision Templates and Dempster-Shafer) applied to identify materials in Soil Science multispectral images, acquired using Computerized Tomography. The results were evaluated by error estimation by Hold- Out and the Kappa coefficient.