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Um modelo baseado em seleção de processos e dimensionamento de lotes para o planejamento agregado da produção em usinas de açúcar e álcool.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Paiva, Rafael Piatti Oiticica de; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
The main concern of this work is related with the development of an aggregate production planning model of a sugar and alcohol milling company. This mathematical model is based on the process selection model and the production lotsizing model, and aims to help the decision makers in the production planning and control process of determining the quantity of sugarcane crushed, the selection of sugarcane suppliers, the selection of sugarcane transport system suppliers, the selection of industrial process used in the sugar, alcohol and molasses production and the storage decisions related with this final products. The decisions are taken in a week bases and the planning horizon is the whole sugarcane harvesting season. To solve the mixed integer mathematical problem found in this modeling, we applied the GAMS modeling language and the CPLEX solver. A case study was developed in a sugar and alcohol milling company located in Rio Largo, state of Alagoas, Brazil. The results of this case study helped us to verify the applicability of the proposed model in the aggregate production planning of a milling company. Computational results are presented for some scenarios of one illustrative example and some scenarios in a real data application.
Estruturas de concreto armado em ambiente urbano: avaliação de carbonatação à luz das recomendações da NBR 6118:2003
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Gomes, Nivaldo de Almeida; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
This present paper evaluates the depth of carbonation of concrete test samplers taken from existing buildings where it was possible to recover the registers of concreting such as: date of execution, concrete mixture proportions, compression resistance and design specifications allowing the establishment of the cover thickness foreseen during the design phase with the thickness of carbonation according to the exposure time. These buildings that are in Ribeirão Preto City, in the State of São Paulo had their structures designed and started in the ninety s decade under the rules and recommendations of NBR 6118:1980, specially about the protection of the steel reinforcement by the thickness of the concrete cover, and their construction stopped until the concrete test samplers were extracted for this research. The results allow of the affirmation that the depth of carbonation had already reached significant levels indicating the need of protection or structural recovery of the elements researched. Parallel there was a simulation to get to know the results in these structures using the rules of NBR 6118:2003 to cover the steel reinforcement. The conclusion was, in most cases, the steel reinforcement still had a significant protection if the parameters used were according to the recommendations of this norm, and then, light interventions were needed to restart the construction.
Encontro de Bandeiras: o ciclo festivo do Triângulo Mineiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Bonesso, Márcio; Toledo, Luiz Henrique de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1766342380960663
This research is an ethnographic study of Folia de Reis , (a kind of catholic party of kings and merry-makers) that analyzes more than their rituals and practices, but also embraces the social spaces that comprise it. This work describes and interprets the religious factions of the party celebrating the Saint s kings, as essential elements that together configure a new dynamic of rhythm, musicality, and feelings that pass from the daily life of the folioes (merry-makers) to the party itself, and from the party into their lives. The city of Romaria is the major reference and departure point of the study because it is exactly the place from where many other parties were inspired and organized by other nearby towns. Romaria is also a place that receives very diverse and interesting types of people, who come to participate of the parties that occur here throughout the year, such as Cavalhadas, congadas, folia de reis, and so on. The bureaucratic organizations that institutionalize the party and their relationship with the community and with the church hierarchy are other aspects that are related to Romaria s position as the central and most important catholic city within all of the Triangulo Mineiro region. The last subject of this study is the dialog between the figures of the cultural intermediate such as journalists, researchers, musicians, and artists that in general make this religious party the starting point to approaching and understanding the popular culture. This research will underline the musicians acting and criticizes the maniqueist sight of authentic culture, mass culture, erudite culture, and popular culture. Together, the action of cultural intermediates and the ethnographic study of Folia de reis provides a conceptual and theoretic reflection that questions how Anthropology, as a form of knowledge, is building a new methodology that allows us to understand the practices and subjectivities without fixing them in a hyperpolitical signification, while, on the other hand, maintaining a critical viewpoint. Only in this manner is possible to perceive life in the plastic flowers that adorn the guitars and the arcs as the passing territory between the sacred and the mundane, and as the constitutive part of the party that makes the party merry, and makes the merry-makers kings without royalty.
Adolescentes em conflito com a lei: perfil e intervenção.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Gallo, Alex Eduardo; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
This study belongs to a research program, driving at the development of an adequate social repertoire, which could decrease the re-incidence of criminal behaviour in youth. Adolescents attended in Community Services and Probation in Sao Carlos were characterized, under objective of assessing the major number of variables and its correlation to criminal behaviour (Study 1). Study 2 compared these data to a similar sample at city of London, Ontario, Canada, aiming identifying possible correlations between observed variables, in a multicultural context. Finally, evaluated a designed intervention program to teach parenting skills to mothers of young offenders (Study 3). Study 1 analyzed 123 protocols, in a survey design, among those of the year 2002. The information of those protocols were tabulated and analyzed. General results suggest that most of participants did not attend school. Not attending school was associated to increasing number of re-incidences, use of drugs and use of weapons. Although, participants with a lower educational level lived with single-parents, when compared to those with a higher educational level. Study 2 analyzed 100 protocols, in a survey design, among those referred for evaluation to a Centre in Canada, comparing the dada to Study 1. Results showed that adolescents in Sao Carlos dropped school earlier, because they could not follow the classes, while Canadian schools offer a vaster services network to avoid school evasion, like educational support programs since a problem is identified. Although, theft was the most common crime in Sao Carlos, while Canadian society determines that acts like butt grabbing (most common crime in London) be against the law. Based on data found on those studies, an intervention program was designed to teach parenting skills to ten single-mothers of young offenders. The program consisted in 6 intervention sessions, plus five initial sessions for base-line evaluation and five final sessions for results evaluation. The sessions worked subjects as setting up limits, rules, and kid s antisocial behaviour functional analysis. Results showed: participants started the program with a low self-esteem, moderate degree of depression and problems dealing with kids. From ten initial mothers, only four finished the program. After the six intervention sessions, mothers were again evaluated and results showed an increasing in self-esteem, did not show depression index and problems dealing with kids decreased. In a general way, teach parenting skills, even in few sessions, can reduce conflicts with kids, what could decrease the risk for crimes.
Estudo da variação genética em Prochilodus costatus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) na bacia do Rio São Francisco, região de três Marias (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Costa, Luis Fernando Carvalho; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4800779539865670
"Curimbatá-pióa ", Prochilodus costatus (Valenciennes, 1850), is an endemic species from São Francisco river basin, with migratory habits, with important ecological role and of fishing importance. The present study aimed to assess the genetic variation in Prochilodus costatus in order to verify the occurrence of population genetic structure and to produce knowledge that contributes to the conservation of the species. Genetic variation was studied at three sites downstream of the Três Marias dam (MG) through six specific microsatellites loci, isolated and characterized in this study. The loci were amplified through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and the individuals were genotyped in an automated sequencer. The statistical analyses were accomplished through the softwares GENEPOP 3.3 and FSTAT 2.9.3.2. Fish from the three sites had quite similar genetic diversity levels and they did not show genetic differentiation to each other, suggesting that P. costatus might represent a single reproductive unit in the high-middle São Francisco River. These findings are comparable to those previously obtained in the sister-species P. argenteus and should be important for futures management plans that seek the conservation of this species.
Estruturas de governança no suprimento de açúcar ao mercado industrial de alimentos processados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Bianchini, Vivian Karina; Alves, Maria Rita Pontes Assumpção; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5879112361461721
This research analyzes different initiatives from entrepreneurs of Sugar Cane Agroindustry System who have been undertaking to reinforce their competitiveness after the productive deregulation of the ninety decade. Some companies started to offer differentiated products, to the industrial market, through sales processes that present different businesses structures from what they have done before the deregulation. The objective of this research is to identify the changes that happened in the sugar supply to the industrial market of food, caused by the products differentiation, more specifically in liquid and inverted sugar. The Supply Chain Management concept is going to help in the analysis of the businesses processes and the changes in the supply operations of the differentiated sugar. The analysis in the different ways from the sugar plants, which have to organize and to coordinate the sale of their products, is going to look for subsidies in the theory of Transaction Cost Economy. The research method used was multi-cases study. It was verified the existence of different governance structures for sugar supply to the industrial market and the changes in the business processes, productive, logistics and in the transactions for sale the product because of supply of differentiated sugars.
A motivação escolar de alunos com baixo rendimento acadêmico: metas de realização, atribuições de causalidade e autoconceito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Zambon, Melissa Picchi; Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7962266388908738
In Brazil, many data indicate the school difficulties found by the students, mainly in the public teaching. The analysis of the factors motivacionais has shown a promising alternative for the understanding of the low academic achievement. The motivation can be understood as a variety of psychological processes that lead to a choice, stimulate and begin a behavior directed toward an objective, which guarantee the permanence in the same. The recent researches has been focusing the effects mediators in the motivation of the students' beliefs related to the own capacity to accomplish the school activities (beliefs about self-efficacy and self-concept) and the reasons and the students' purposes to engage in academic activities (the attributions and self-control beliefs, levels of interest and intrinsic motivation, values and achievement goals). The present study focused the students’ achievement goals, causality attributions and self-concept. The main achievement goals are learning and performance: the first has been associated to positive cognitive, motivational, affective and behavioral outcomes, and performance goal has been linked to less adaptive outcomes. In the same way the effects in the motivation of the attributions (individual's perceptions on the causes of his successes and failures) and of the self-concept (set of representations that the person has of itself) has been studied. An adaptive attributional pattern is that in which the success is related to the ability and effort and the failure attributed to the lack of effort. Related to self-concept, student that develops a positive perception of his academic ability has high expectations for his performance and shows a larger cognitive engagement in the academic tasks. The literature evidences that students with low academic performance less adaptive motivational patterns, which can have a severe impact in the performance behaviors, affecting their learning. In order to offer a contribution for the understanding of the low academic performance in the Brazilian context, the present study had as objectives: the) to compare the achievement goals, attributions and self-concept of students in 6th and 7th grades with acting low, medium and high performance in Portuguese; b) to identify the relations among the academic performance and these three variables and c) to identify how these motivational variable are linked. Participated in the study 42 students with low academic performance, 65 students with medium academic performance and 52 with high academic performance, between 12 and 15 years, studying in a public school. The instruments used were: Scale of Personal Goals of the Students, Scale of Attribution of Causality for Activities of Reading and Writing of Texts and the academic scales of SDQ-II (Self-Description Questionnaire). For the analysis of the data ANOVA test and the Pearson Correlation were accomplished (p <0,05). Differences were found among the group with low academic in Portuguese and with high academic performance related to the learning goal, attribution for the success to the capacity, effort and external causes, attribution of the failure to the capacity and general school, Portuguese and Mathematics self-concept. The academic performance of the students presented as positively correlated to the learning goal, to the attribution of the success to the capacith and the effort and to the three areas of the self-concept, negatively correlated negatively to the attribution of the success to external cause and of the failure to the capacity. The results of the present study corroborate the discoveries of the literature, once the characteristics motivacional characteristics were less adaptive among students with low performance and more adaptative among students with high performance. This research has given a group of data on some motivational characteristics, which were considered relevant once they were obtained through widely used instruments in recent international researches, offering methodological contributions and results that can be reference for subsequent studies.
Um enfoque bayesiano do modelo de captura-recaptura na presença de covariáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Paula, Marcelo de; Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
This work has as main objective to insert covariates in the capture probability of the multiple capture-recapture method for closed animal population. Factors like climate, seasons of the year, animal size, could a¤ect the animal capture probability. We revise the methodology concepts, we make a study about the posteriori parameters sensibility, we present new parameters for the capture probability in specific situations and we insert covariates in the model used by Castledine (1981) through bayesian methods. The bayesian analysis was made through several studies of stochastic simulation through MCMC (Monte Carlo Markov Chain) with simulated and real data to obtain the population size posteriori results.
Diagnóstico das condições de formação dos professores e do ensino de Química no município de Barretos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Franco, Ana Leonor Santos Junqueira; Batista, Alzir Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
This work presents a descriptive and analytic study on chemical education in Barretos (São Paulo). The purpose of the study is mainly to investigate the pedagogic practices in secondary and higher chemistry education and suggest possible intervention strategies. The methodology involved three types of questionnaires: one completed by secondary chemistry teachers, one by undergraduate professors, and one by undergraduate students. The teacher and professor questionnaires asked teachers and professors to provide information about their own education and experience, the resources available to them, subject implementation and classroom practices, and student evaluation. The student questionnaire asked students a variety of questions about themselves, professors' classroom practices, and the resources available to them. Various instructional practices are not used by secondary teachers and professors. Lectures to the whole class are prevalent in both grades. Text-based and centred approaches are the most common practices. This is of great concern in an issues-based world where science and technology have so much impact on society. Using current science-related issues as an integral part of the chemistry course should be strengthened. The students must be capable of discussing, responding to, and acting upon issues as young citizens in our society. The vast majority of secondary teachers reported that equipment and lab facilities are not available. The situation with respect to higher education is better but still far from satisfactory. Professors and undergraduate students reported that the quantity of lab materials, computers, and library materials is insufficient. This situation should be rectified before the cost of updating and replacing the learning resources for chemistry is impossible to achieve. Tests, supplemented by lab assignments, are the heaviest weighted information source for student evaluation in both grades, although they form a larger portion of students' evaluation. Too little emphasis has been placed on alternate evaluation approaches. Steps should be taken to improve on the variety of appraisal practices at the secondary and tertiary level, and teachers and professors should be assisted in developing their own approaches to evaluation.
Extração de atributos em imagens de sensoriamento remoto utilizando Independent Component Analysis e combinação de métodos lineares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-22) Levada, Alexandre Luís Magalhães; Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
Methods for feature extraction represent an important stage in statistical pattern recognition applications. In this work we present how to improve classification performance creating a feature fusion framework to combine second and higher order statistical methods, avoiding existing limitations of the individual approaches and problems as ill-conditioned behavior, which may cause unstable results during the estimation of the independent components (whitening process) and eventual noise amplifications. The resulting scheme is used to combine features obtained from a variety of methods into a unique feature vector defining two approaches: Concatenated and Hierarquical Feature Fusion. The methods are tested on both multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing images, which are classified using the maxver (maximum likelihood) approach. Results indicate that the technique outperforms the usual methods in some cases, providing a valid useful tool for multivariate data analysis and classification.