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Métodos estatísticos aplicados à análise da expressão gênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23) Saraiva, Erlandson Ferreira; Milan, Luis Aparecido
The technology of the DNA-Arrays is a tool used to identify and to compare levels of expression of a great number of genes or fragments of genes, in di¤erent conditions. With this comparison, it is possible to identify genes possibly causing illnesses of genetic origin (cancer for example). Great amounts of numerical data (related the measures of levels of expression of the genes) are generated and statistical methods are important for analysis of this data with objective to identify the genes that present evidences for di¤erent levels of expression. The objective of our research is to develop and to describe methods statistical, capable of identifing genes that present evidences for di¤erent levels of expression. We describe the test t, considered for Baldi and Long (2001) and consider three others methods. The first method considered is based on the use of parametric Bayes inference and the methods for selection of models, Bayes factor and DIC; the second method is based an semi-parametric bayesian inference, model of mixtures of Dirichlet processes. The third method is based on the use of a model with infinite mixtures of distributions that applied the analysis of the genica expression determines groups of similar levels of expression.
Avaliação da viabilidade da determinação de cobalto e cromo em alimentos por espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno tubular na chama e aerossol térmico (TS-FF-AAS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23) Donati, George Luís; Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
In this work, a nickel tube used as atomization cell and a ceramic capillary for thermospray generation (TS-FF-AAS) were employed to increase the analytical performance of the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The applicability of the method was evaluated for Co(II) and Cr(III) determination in food samples. Due to factors such as the low temperature into the atomization tube, the high atomization temperatures of the analytes, and the low levels of these elements in biological samples, a cloud point extraction (CPE) method was applied to both improve the processes of volatilization and atomization by formation of volatile metal complexes, and increase the sensitivity. Triton X-114 was used as surfactant to the implementation of the cloud point preconcentration procedure and, after the evaluation of several complexing agents, the best results were obtained with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC). Parameters such as pH of complexation and concentrations of both surfactant and complexing agent were optimized. To improve the sensitivity, two configurations were evaluated to change the internal temperature of the atomization tube. The slotted tube, in which the internal temperature is higher due to more intense flame penetration, provided a significant increase in Cr(III) sensitivity. Parameters such as flame stoichiometry, atomization tube height, rich phase solvent, sample volume, carrier and flow rate were also evaluated. Limits of detection (LOD) of 2.1 and 2.5 µg L-1 and quantification (LOQ) of 7.0 and 8.4 µg L-1 (n = 10) for Co(II) and Cr(III), respectively, were obtained using optimized conditions. Intermediate precision (5.8 and 5.4 % for Co(II) and Cr(III), respectively), presented as relative standard deviation (RSD, %, 1s), were calculated from 10 consecutive readings of both analytes preconcentrated solutions. Interferences were observed in both volatilization and atomization processes into the atomization tube, as well as in the reactions of metal complexes formation due to both the complexity of the sample and the high concentrations of concomitants. A procedure based on extraction with 1 mol L-1 HCl was adopted for Co(II) determination. Only divalent species are quantitatively extracted. On the other hand, critical interferents, such as Fe(III) and Al(III), are not extracted. Procedures for interferents complexation with either fluorides or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were evaluated for Cr(III) determination. Method accuracy was checked by Co(II) determination in two certified reference materials (tomato leaves and bovine liver). There were no statistical differences between determined and certified values in a 95 % confidence level. The proposed method is efficient and allowed the determination of trace concentrations of Co(II) in foods without the need of sample digestion. However, the Cr(III) determination in foods was not possible due to the sample complexity and the interferences caused by concomitants in both preconcentration and determination steps.
Área foliar, assimilação de carbono e fotoquímica da fotossíntese de duas cultivares de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) sob diferentes intensidades de sombreamento ou temperatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23) Araújo, Eugênio Celso Emérito; Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
The physiology of mango is little known in relation to other fruit trees. There are gaps about estimation of mango leaf area using no destructive methods or concern photosynthetic responses under temperatures above 10oC, carbon assimilation, leaf and bud productions inr shade. The aims of present work were to shed light on these gaps determining on mango cultivars Tommy Atkins and Haden a) Indexes and equations for fast and no-destructive estimate leaf area (AF) just using length (C), maximum width (L), or both; b) Photosynthetic capacity, leaf and bud production growing under 0, 65 and 85% of shade and, c) The photosynthetic responses (photochemical and photosynthetic capacities) under temperatures between 17-32o C. The leaf area (AF) could be estimated multiplying length x width x 0,74 (for Tommy cultivar) or 0,78 (for Haden) as well using equations: AF = 4,96349 C - 33,429 (R2=0,86); AF = 17,02964 L - 18,88065 (R2=0,85) and AF = 0,73499 (CxL) + 0,59459 (R2=0,92) for Tommy or AF = 5,35282C - 33,17061(R2=0,88); AF = 19,09951L - 24,61777(R2=0,89) and AF = 0,76015(CxL) + 0,43257(R2=0,99) for Haden. In shade the cultivars presented same values of maximum net photosynthesis (Amax) obtained under full solar irradiance, decreasing the light compensation point and/or increasing the chlorophyll content. Besides, until 65% of shade, both cultivars maintained the same leaf and bud production in relation to full solar irradiance treatment, enabling them for plantation under high densities until middle shade intensities (around 65%). The optimum temperature range for Amax was 23-29oC in Tommy and 23-26oC in Haden. Both cultivars presented an unbalance between photochemical and biochemical phases of the photosynthesis in between 17-32o C, especially Haden. Under regular atmospheric concentration of CO2 the net photosynthesis of Haden, in general, was smaller than Tommy, while under CO2 saturation the opposite happened, possibly because Haden used its largest capacity of electron transport to increase the carbon assimilation, and, at the same time, decreasing its susceptibility to oxidative stress. Both cultivars presented high temperature adaptation maintaining almost constant the intensities of dark respiration (Rd) in Tommy and the photorespiration (Pr) in Haden. In Tommy Pr induced increases in light saturation (LS) and compensation (LCP) points, and reductions in apparent quantum yield (α). In Haden increases in Rd, LS stability and α reductions with temperature did not keep relationship with Pr nor with RE probably because the rupture of the cellular homeostasis caused by high electron excess.
A comunidade de invertebrados bentônicos nos reservatórios de Promissão, Nova Avanhandava e Três Irmãos (Baixo Rio Tietê - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23) França, Roberta Sebastiany; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
The aim of the present study was to characterize the benthic community of Promissão, Nova Avanhandava and Três Irmãos reservoirs, in relation to the composition of taxa, population densities and also to verify the occurrence of exotics mollusks in this reservoir system. Moreover, it aimed to evaluate possible relations between the physical and chemical characteristics of the water and of the sediment and the structure of the community considering the spatial (upper, middle and lower portions of each reservoir) and temporal scales (dry and rainy periods). Sampling was carried out through November 2002 (rainy period) and August 2003 (dry period). Sediment samples for the analyses of the benthic community were obtained using a van Veen grab. The benthic communities of Promissão, Nova Avanhandava and Três Irmãos Reservoirs, were represented, in the rainy period, for a total of 24, 23 and 15 taxa, and in the dry period, for a total of 25, 25 and 17 taxa, respectively. In both sampling periods, and in all reservoirs, there were representatives of Phylum Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca and Platyhelminthes. Only in Nova Avanhandava Reservoir the occurrence of individuals belonging to the Phylum Crustacea were registered. The main groups in the benthic communities were Mollusca, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae. Amongst the Mollusca, three exotic species were found: Melanoides tuberculata, Corbicula fluminea and Helisoma sp. M. tuberculata was the most abundant species, corresponding to more than 60 % of the total individuals. C. fluminea and Helisoma sp were less abundant and they did not register in all the portions of the reservoirs. Among the representatives of the Oligochaeta, the species Branchiura sowerbyi was the most abundant and unique, occurring in all reservoirs and periods sampled, being registered with a maximum abundance of 6 %, during the rainy period in the upper portion of Promissão Reservoir. Chironomidae had the highest species richness, and Coelotanypus sp was the most abundant taxon, in all the reservoirs studied. The highest diversity of taxons was found in Promissão Reservoir. It is possible that eutrophication have favored the primary production, the survival and the establishment of certain species. The low values of uniformity found in all three reservoirs and in both periods of sampling reflects the presence of highly dominant species, as it is the case of M. tuberculata. The present study evidenced the high capacity of invasion of this species, which is widely distributed in all the reservoirs, evidencing the necessity of control or erradication of these exotic and invasive species in the reservoirs.
Estudo da eco-eficiência de argamassas e concretos reciclados com resíduos de estações de tratamento de água e de construções e demolições
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23) Souza, Francis Rodrigues de; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
Traditional and recycled mortar and concrete have been produced and the results from simple compression strength and water absorption tests have been compared. Recycled mortar and concrete have been produced out of sludge from water treatment plants and rubble from construction and demolition. The amount of aluminum present in the leached extract from the solubilization process of the concrete produced with the addition of both sludge from water treatment plants and rubble from construction and demolition has been determined. In terms of simple compression strength, the addition of up to 4 % of sludge in mass in place of natural sand has made it possible to obtain recycled concrete with similar characteristics to traditional concrete. Although water absorption of concrete and mortar produced from both sludge from water treatment plants and rubble from construction and demolition is much higher than water absorption of traditional mortar and concrete, the results have not made it impossible to use them; it has just restricted their application to places free from moist resulting from weather conditions or use characteristics. The leached extract resulting from the solubilization of the concrete produced out of both sludge from water treatment plants and rubble from construction and demolition has shown aluminum concentration higher than the drinkability standard defined by the Brazilian standards agency (ABNT), but not in such a level to turn the rubble from the recycled product dangerous to human health.
Publicação científica derivada das dissertações e teses na interface entre educação física e educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23) Sacardo, Michele Silva; Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823041497150247
Knowing if the dissertations and thesis, after the defense, generated other kinds of publications that reached of a broader way the population-target of the studies carried out, it s intimately related to social relevance of the searches produced in the postgraduate studies. It s believed that this study can contribute to areas of Special Education and Physical Education, in the sense of making possible to scientific community having a knowledge more systematic about the social validity and, principally, the application of the knowledge produced in the field of the master s degree and doctorate of these areas in this country. This study main to analyze scientific publications derived from dissertation and thesis in Physical and Special Education that had resulted in articles, books and chapters of books with thematic towards people with special needs. For the development of the study was adopted a methodology divided into the following fazes: a)The constitution of the theoretical corpus of the research was carried by literature revision on: production of the scientific knowledge in the areas of Physical Education, Special Education and Science of the Information; science, scientists and scientific knowledge; scientific communication; scientific publication; valuation of the scientific production and reflections concerning the evaluation of the after-graduation; b) Identification of Postgraduate Programs studies in Physical Education and Special Education; b) data collection in the Capes site, at the NUTESES and PPGEEs; c) databases elaboration for systematization of the collected data; d) Description and analysis of the results carried through to the light of the theoretical reference. The results had shown that 58% of publications generated for the thesis and thesis had been published under the article form, followed by chapters (29%) and books (13%). These confirm what the previous literature references indicate, or either that, the publication channel more used by the researchers to promote their works is the scientific article publication in periodic.
Violência doméstica e desempenho escolar: desafios para o judiciário e para a educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23) Pereira, Paulo Celso; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
Children, as well as women, the elderly and the disabled, are the preferential victims of violence. The child ca be a direct or indirect victim of such phenomenon (as in the case of children exposed to marital violence). Child maltreatment damages cognitive development and may be responsible for declines in academic performance. The aims of this study were: a) to characterize the school performance of victimized children referred to the Judicial System (Study 1), and b) to identify teachers and school principals views on domestic violence and inclusionary practices (Study 2). Twenty victimized children have participated in Study 1 (ten male and ten female), whose school performance were compared to their peers of the same classroon, gender, age, but without a history of family violence. Eighteen teachers and ten school principals participated of Study 2. Children from both groups were given three instruments: The Academic Performance Test, Parenting Styles Inventory and Raven s Progressive Matrices Test. The children gave samples of their notebook production. Children s mothers answered a family interview and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2). Teachers and school principals also took part of an intervew. Teachers report cards were analyzed and teachers offered their impressions on student s academic performance. Results generally indicated inferior academic performance by the victimized children, when compared with their matched group, in spite of similar results in the Raven s Test for both groups. According to teachers, victimized children had inferior academic performance in relation to their non-victim peers, having in addition, more behavioral problems and aggressive behaviors. CTS-2 results indicated that most of the victimized chilren were exposed to marital violence; in most cases, the target of violence was the child s mother. The teachers and school principals demonstrated to have notions about domestic violence. In regards to school inclusion, their knowledge was found to be superficial. In addition, teachers showed some reservations about adopting inclusionary practices.
Propriedades assintóticas de uma equação de reação e difusão com p-Laplaciano degenerado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-23) Junges, Taísa; Gentile, Cláudia Buttarello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1295174684198407
In this work we characterize the stationary solution set of a quasi-linear parabolic GOVERNADO for p-Laplacian, p > 2, and we stability properties of EQUILÍBRIOS. Furthermore, we do a comparision between this problem and the semilinear case p = 2.