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A construção do início da docência: um olhar a partir das produções da ANPEd e do ENDIPE
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Mariano, André Luiz Sena; Lima, Emília Freitas de
The present master s degree dissertation is structured around the following question: What do the works presented on ANPEd and ENDIPE say about the process of professional learning of teaching taken place in the beginning of the career? To answer it, a time cut-out equivalent to a decade of research (1995-2004) was performed, that is, a search on the annals of the last ten ANPEd Annual Meetings and the last five ENDIPEs was conducted, looking for the works that presented as main discussion focus the beginner teacher and its professional learning process, regardless of teaching level. The framework on which the research is based privileges three categories: the teacher formation models, advocating for the model of the teacher as an intellectual critic, that is, a teacher that recognizes the controversial nature of education, not conceiving it as a mere reproducer of the dominant ideology, but also as propelling spring of the social transformation; the characteristics of the beginning of teaching, such as, the feeling of reality shock, marked by the feelings of survival and discovery and the teaching knowing, which comes from various sources and is built, not only during the initial period, but throughout the whole career. Analyzing the results presented by the selected studies, it was possible to verify that: a) the prevailing teacher formation model is the practical epistemology, especially the one that understands the teacher as a practical reflexive professional; b) the characteristics of the beginning of teaching, pointed by literature, are confirmed, especially regarding the feeling of reality shock; c) the teaching knowing is plural, composite and heterogeneous, resulting from several sources (family, previous schooling, initial formation, experience). The data analysis allows pointing out also, as more emphasized aspects in the analyzed works: the professional socialization, the teaching knowing and the feelings of survival and discovery that strongly mark this career beginning, among others. Less emphasized aspects include: the relations between initial formation and professional insertion moment and the learning ways developed by the beginner teacher. Finally, silenced aspects include, among others: the continuous formation and professional development politics, diversity/difference questions, cultural plurality and multiculturalism, pedagogical practice analysis of the teachers of young and adults and the existing relation between the beginner teacher and its professional acting model. The model of the teacher as an intellectual critic, advocated by this work, was also absent from the discussions about the teacher in the beginning of career.
Treinamento em habilidades sociais educativas para pais de crianças em trajetória de risco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Pinheiro, Maria Isabel dos Santos; Del Prette, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7781152089508001
The increasing rate of aggressiveness in childhood and adolescence has mobilized investments and research in search for a solution to this concern of the society at present. The related literature appoints parental educative practices as factors that contribute towards the risk and concealment of disorders of children s behavior. The parent training programs have shown themselves as a successful alternative in the treatment of behavior disorders in childhood. The purpose of this study was to adapt a parent training program with focus on Social Educative Skills of parents and evaluate its effects on the behavior of the children. The program was structured in nine weekly group sessions, lasting 90 minutes, held in a municipal school of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Eight mother/child dyads have participated in the program and the infants mean age was 9.38 years (sd = 2.87), where 75% of which were male. The mothers behavior was randomly evaluated prior to and after the training process by using the Social Skills Inventory and video tapes, and the children s behavior was evaluated by using the Home Situations Questionnaire and the Disruptive Behavior Inventory. The data were analyzed as to statistical and clinical significance. The results suggest that there was a reduction in the frequency and seriousness of behavior problems in most children. Application of the Parent Training Program in a larger scale shall allow validating it for treatment of children s behavior problems in similar communities.
Classificação de imagens tomográficas de ciência dos solos utilizando redes neurais e combinação de classificadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Breve, Fabricio Aparecido; Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
Pattern Recognition is a subject being used in a multidisciplinary scope, with different approaches. One of them is its application in computerized tomography images, commonly acquired in order to do medical diagnosis, but they have been used in several other applications as well, including Soil Science. The objective of this work is to study and to discuss the performance of neural network-based classifiers (Multilayer Perceptron and Radial Basis Functions) and classifier combiners (Bagging, Decision Templates and Dempster-Shafer) applied to identify materials in Soil Science multispectral images, acquired using Computerized Tomography. The results were evaluated by error estimation by Hold- Out and the Kappa coefficient.
Gestão de suprimentos: estudos de caso em empresas montadoras do setor automotivo brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Baratella, Tiago Piccarelli; Nogueira, Edemilson
The importance of supply management for the automotive assemblers is justified by the contribution to the success of their business strategies, since more efficient supply operations would guarantee the profitability of these companies. Such operations are based in the supply of parts and components with the wanted quality, in the requested amount, in the stipulated period and at competitive costs. This work intended to study the way as two assemblers of Brazilian automotive industry are managing their respective supply bases, identifying the peculiar characteristics of supply management strategies and the way as these companies coordinate the relationships with their suppliers and influence the actions taken by them. For this, firstly a bibliographical research was accomplished to base the elaboration of a theoretical reference to developing a knowledge both of the theme and of the studied industry, besides establishing a conceptual structure used in the field research, which was composed by exploratory and qualitative case studies, accomplished in each analyzed company. After the description of the individual case studies, the obtained results were crossed and compared in order to identify similarities and differences among the companies. It was verified that the eastern assembler studied is more involved with the supply management activities in comparison with the western assembler, consolidated in Brazilian automobile industry. This perception results of its largest influence and participation about the operations of its suppliers, direct or indirect, by assuming the control of acquisition activities in the supply chain and to worry with their profitability. The western assembler, however, just maintain a larger involvement with its direct suppliers, besides not developing politics able to guarantee their operational profitability.
Poliedro de Newton e o número de Milnor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Spohr, Cristina; Tomazella, João Nivaldo;
In this work, we study the relation between Milnor's number and the Newton's number of a formal series. The former is always greater than or equal to the latter and equality occurs whan the formal series f has non-degenerate newtonian principal part at the origin.
Interação entre irmãos de indivíduos com deficiência mental: o papel da idade e do apoio social da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Nunes, Célia Cristina; Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
The presence of a disabled child in a family affects not only the parents but also other members, mainly, the siblings. This members can be involved directly and indirectly with the care of the disabled brother or sister, and this population is at risk for behavioral and psychological adjustment problems. However, this field of research is narrow, mainly in Brazil. The way in which brothers and sisters react to the presence of a disabled child depends on several things, like social support available to the family and the age of the siblings. Most investigations in this field is interested in the psychological adjustment of brothers and sisters, and little attention is paid to the interaction between them and its relation with some aspects of the family and the siblings. Thus, the purpose of the present study was: 1. To describe the relationship in sibling s dyads, separated in two groups one with the mentally retarded sibling with age between 10 to 14 years old (Group 1), and another with the mentally retarded sibling with age between 21 to 24 years old (Group 2); 2. To compare the performance in the relationships of the both groups; and 3. To assess if there are differences in the relationships between the groups when the family social support and resources are considered. Two sessions of sibling s interactions in game situations (domino) and daily situations (listening to music) and one session of a sibling s daily activity were videotaped. The following instruments were used with the siblings: Formulário de Irmãos (Sibling s Questionnaire) and Interview with Siblings of Person with Disability. In terms of the caretakers the following scales were used: the Escala de Apoio da Família (Family Support Scale), the Escala de Recursos da Família ( Family Resources Scale) and the Escala de Apoio à Maternidade/Paternidade (Parenting Support from Family and Friends Scale). Results related to the relationship suggested that the larger difference between the groups referred to the behavior s category of helper, with higher occurrence in the Group 1 than the Group 2. This result was supported for the interview s report. Scales results indicated significant statistically difference between the groups only for the Parenting Support from Family and Friends Scale, with higher level of this support for Group 1. Thus, it is possible to suggest that because families from Group 1 have lower levels of support from families and friends than Group 2 (measured with the Parenting Support from Family and Friends Scale), there is a greater help required from the disabled member, which can be compensated by the brother or sister. Young siblings with typical development performed the helper s role in greater level than adults siblings do it. This research draws attention to futures investigations with larger numbers of participants, and to investigations of the relation between sibling s relationship and gender, and the severity of the disabled sibling. Key-Words: Siblings relationships; Mental Disability; Social Support; Observation.
Estimativas de máxima verosimilhança e bayesianas do número de erros de um software
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Silva, Karolina Barone Ribeiro da; Leite, José Galvão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0677440386988572
In this work we present the methodology of capture-recapture, under the classic and bayesian approach, to estimate the number of errors of software through inspection by distinct reviewers. We present the general statistical model considering independence among errors and among reviewers and consider the particular cases of equally detectable errors (homogeneous) and reviewers not equally e¢ cient (heterogeneous) and of errors not equally detectable (heterogeneous) and equally e¢ cient reviewers (homogeneous). After that, under the assumption of independence and heterogeneity among errors and independence and homogeneity among reviwers, we supposed that the heterogeneity of the errors was expressed by a classification of these in easy and di¢ cult of detecting, admitting known the probabilities of detection of an easy error and of a di¢ cult error. Finally, under the hypothesis of independence and homogeneity among errors, we presented a new model considering heterogeneity and dependence among reviewers. Besides, we presented examples with simulate and real data.
Processos de relaxação em sistemas quânticos e álgebra de operadores não-lineares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Lima, João Paulo Camargo de; Mizrahi, Salomon Sylvain; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143137168199991
On this thesis some aspects of relaxation processes and decoherence processes using deformed algebras of the harmonic oscillator, particularly the generalized deformed algebra (GDA algebra) and Kerr algebra were studied.Two situations were considered for this study: a) The system of interest is described as a non-linear harmonic oscillator interacting with a dissipative environment (thermal reservoir), b) the system of interest ( non deformed harmonic oscillator) interacts with a thermal reservoir described by a group of nonlinear quantum harmonic oscillators. An interesting result was found for the two situations , where we notice that the master equation and the expressions found, show the strong dependence of the nonlinearity introduced by the deformed algebra. On case (b) the obtained equations have a form identical to the nondeformed equations, but show new nonlinear coeﬃcients not obtained in the reading.The influence of the reservoirs nonlinearity is noticed in the coeﬃcients found. The phenomenon of decoherence, considered the thermal nonlinear reservoir and the compressed air reservoir that were studied. The master equation that rules the dynamics of the system and an estimated a time of decoherence were obtained , along with important results. It was observed that when there is an increase on the deformed parameter there is also an increase on the decoherence time, showing the nonlinearity contained in the reservoir acts in a significant way over the time of decoherence of the system.
A estrutura da comunidade de macro-invertebrados bentônicos em três represas do médio rio Tietê (SP), com ênfase nas espécies exóticas Melanoides tuberculata (Gastropoda, Thiaridae) e Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Suriani, Ana Lucia; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
The reservoirs are artificial ecosystems constructed by the man and attend to the multiple uses. The reservoir provokes alterations in the aquatic ecosystem, causing modifications in the chemical and physical composition of the sediment and of the water and consequently in the circulation and the organization of the biological communities. The purpose of this study was to characterize the taxonomic composition and the benthic community density in 3 reservoirs of the Middle Tietê River (Barra Bonita, Bariri and Ibitinga), to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the water and of the sediment and to verify the possible relation of these with the structure of the benthic community, considering the populations of the native species and the invading species Melanoides tuberculata and Corbicula fluminea. The samplings were carried out in two climatic periods, the rainy season (November 2002) and the dry season (August 2003), showing three portions in each reservoir (upper, middle and lower) and following a sweeping with 6 sampling points in each transect. In each point, the samples of sediment were collected in duplicate with one drag of the type van Veen. Based on the limnological data the reservoirs of Barra Bonita and Bariri were classified as whereas Ibitinga Reservoir was characterized as mesotrophic for the periods evaluated. In November 2002, 21, 29 and 25 taxa of macroinvertebrates were registered in Barra Bonita, Bariri and Ibitinga reservoirs, respectively, while in August 2003, there were 23, 31 and 27 taxa, respectively, in each reservoir. A greater similarity between the benthic macroinvertebrates was found for the associations sampled in both periods in the same reservoir than between the different reservoirs, evidencing that each environment have a particular composition of taxa, although some taxa are common among them. The invading species M. tuberculata e C. fluminea were current in all the reservoirs, in both periods of sampling, except in the Barra Bonita reservoir. The generalized occupation of M. tuberculata and the high densities of this specie in the studied reservoirs reveal the high invading potential of same and the probable competition with the native species.
Contribuição ao estudo do gênero Ablabesmyia Johannsen, 1905 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae): morfologia, taxonomia e bionomia, com descrições de espécies novas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Oliveira, Caroline Silva Neubern de; Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7452412964663517
The present work aimed to study the morphology, taxonomy and bionomy of Ablabesmya Johannsen, 1905 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae) species of the State of São Paulo. This genus of world distribution prise 69 species, of which ten are registered in the Neotropical region, however none specifically mentioned for Brazil. The analyzed material derives from three lotic systems (streams and rivers) and seven lentic systems (reservoirs and lakes), which are located in three cities of the State of São Paulo (São Carlos, Luís Antônio and Brotas). The sampling followed the conventional methods of benthonic studies. The larvae were kept alive in the laboratory to obtain the associations between larva, pupa and adult. The identification of the species was based on the original descriptions. The results allowed the identification of eight species, seven of wich are new species and the second record of Ablabesmyia metica Roback (1983) for the Neotropical region and the first one to Brazil, describes the immature stages, unknown before. The new species are described with the respective diagnoses. The ecologic information on the genus are discussed and perspectives for the future studies are mencioned.
Habilidades sociais em trabalhadores com e sem deficiência física: uma análise comparativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-02-24) Pereira, Camila de Sousa; Del Prette, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2000229988155180
Considering that many researches show the importance of social skills not only for personal well-being but for a good professional performance as well, this research having as axis the theoretical-practical camp of Social Skill Training compares two samples of workers: (a) the ones with physical disability and (b) the ones without physical disability. The objectives in this study are: (1) to identify and compare the profile of workers with physical disability and workers without physical disability; (2) to classify and compare positive and negative aspects provided by the job; (3) to identify and compare the important social skills for the workplace; (4) to identify the importance of social skills in the workplace for the bosses; (5) to analyze and compare the social skills of workers with physical disability and workers without physical disability. Twenty-seven workers with physical disability (TDF), twenty-seven workers without physical disability (TND) and nine bosses (GS) participated in this study. The research has been done at five companies located in the inland of the state of São Paulo. The tools used were: Criterion Brazil, Interview, Checklist of Social Skills in Work and Inventory of Social Skills. The social-economic, social-demographic and Checklist results were analyzed according to the mean and standard deviation; the answers of the interview have been analyzed according to the category and frequency; in the Inventory of Social Skills the scores and the frequency have been considered. Finally, in the comparative analysis what was considered were the tendency (p<0,1) and significance (p<0,05), using Student t-Test (SPSS) and Chi-square test. As to the aspects provided by the job, TND presented more frequency of negative aspects than TDF. The analysis of the content has shown classes of positive aspects (Citizenship; Combination of Interest; Finances; Personal Appreciation; Professional Appreciation; Social Relations) and classes of negative aspects (Difficulty in Interpersonal Relations; Mechanical Work; Physical and Emotional Stress; Professional Worthless; Shift Work). In general, the results have shown that TDF and TND related a good repertoire of social skills and pointed out, together with GS, social skills in the workplace as very important. The comparative analysis has shown significant differences between TDF and TND. However, one concludes that the phenomena of physical disability must not constrain the body limit, because the social development of these people seems to suffer influence from both the context and the social relations as well as the social development of people without physical disability.