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A comunidade de peixes dos reservatórios dos trechos médio e baixo do rio Tietê, com ênfase nas espécies introduzidas Plagioscion squamosissimus e Geophagus surinamensis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-26) Moretto, Evandro Mateus; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7081792205107960
From sixties, the fish species introduction has been being a constant event in the reservoir system located on middle and low Tietê River - SP, which resulted the success introduction of Plagiosicon squamosissimus and Cichla cf. ocellaris in all these reservoirs. According to this context, the present work objectified characterize the fish community, with focus on the introduction analysis of Geophagus surinamensis, a not-native specie, and its probable progressive occupation in the system, like that already had occurred with Plagioscion squamosissimus. The results showed the occurrence of Geophagus surinamensis is confirmed in these reservoir system, indicating that its fast occupation in the Três Irmãos reservoir is made possible by the free connection that Pereira Barreto provides between Três Irmãos reservoir and Ilha Solteira reservoir, on the Paraná River. This way, it is evident the great possibility that the Geophagus surinamensis comes to be disperse for the whole reservoir system of middle and low Tietê River, like that already had occurred for the Plagioscion squamosissimus. Then, it is important to consider the Geophagus surinamensis in management programs for the Três Irmãos reservoir, so as to control and to reduce its density and of avoiding its effective spread for the others reservoirs of Tietê River.
Diagnóstico da aplicação de cores em projetos web baseado em uma metodologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-26) Buchdid, Samuel Bastos; Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
This work have used a colors application methodology in the project Web, elaborated by Luciana Martha Silveira, as a systematic of analysis of virtual environments, applied here in the domain of Distance Learning (DL). That methodology presents five fundamental axes which include the physical, physiologic and symbolic aspects involved in the chromatic perception. The search for problems identification and the aiming for their possible solutions was the main goal of the present work, in agreement with the chromatic context that each site is inserted, considering the need to have a way of revising the systems Web, which are available to the visitors of those websites. The recurring problems in sites were identified in that application domain, and the solutions were aimed in regard of the methodology applied. It is waited that the formalized results in the analyses and the identification of the problem/solution pairs in that domain of colors application would be able to help the designer in chromatic composition of sites aesthetically more attractive and intuitive, including a larger degree usability.
Florística e fitossociologia de um trecho de floresta ombrófila densa das terras baixas na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, Linhares - ES
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-26) Paula, Alessandro de; Soares, João Juares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
The aim of this work was to analyze the floristic composition and horizontal structure of a stretch of the arboreal vegetation in the Biological Reserve of Sooretama. The survey was restricted to a phytosociological sample done on one hundred contiguous portions of 10 x 10 meters. Individuals with PBH ≥ 15 cm were sampled. The forest was segmented in three vertical strata, allowing EIV calculation. A meter and a meter width were used as first center class. A total of 1519 individuals were sampled, distributed in 265 species, 138 genera and 44 families. The Shannon s Index (H ) found was 4,87 nats. In relation to the threatened species, 16 consist in the Red List of Espírito Santo State. The Biological Reserve of Sooretama obtained 57% of similarity with the Natural Reserve of CVRD. The species Rinorea bahiensis (Moric.) Kuntze prevailed in the three strata, with has the largest EIV. The group of the late secondary stood out in all the strata. The stand was considered at advanced successional stage.
O impacto da ocupação de fundos de vale em áreas urbanas. Caso: Córrego do Gregório - São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-26) Borges, Juliana Queiroz; Cordeiro, João Sergio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
The present work proposes a debate that interrelates three areas of knowledge urbanization, urban drainage and social segregation and has the main purpose to analyze the occupation of river marginal areas in urban places as the main cause for temporary social segregation. It also proposes a discussion about this impact caused by the occurrence of floods. The research strategy used is the study of an exploratory single case made in the city of São Carlos-SP, more specifically in the central area belonging to the Gregório River Basin, characterized for having solid occupation with great commercial activity. Besides theoretical basis, we have done a research on how many floods have occurred during 1995 and 2005, in the works fulfilled by the City Government, and also interviews with five groups of social actors. The results obtained with the conclusion of the work had, in its greatest parts, a social and educational value, involving consciousness of the necessity of environment preservation; of the eventually irreversible damages caused by the occupation of environmentally fragile areas, such as floodable fertile valleys. The research has also been detached as a relevant instrument to subsidize new debates and researches. As far as the social actors are included, we have verified that the most damaged ones in the cases of floods, in the unity of analysis, were the businessmen, and 70% of these consider themselves victims of temporary social segregation. This way, it was possible to confirm the main hypothesis of the work: temporary social segregation can be considered a consequence of inadequate occupation of river marginal areas in urban places, and this may involve lots of situations, including the ones that do not refer to the condition of poverty and misery.
Morfologia, morfometria, distribuição de células mucosas e de cloreto em embriões e larvas de jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae). Efeito do pH e concentração de cálcio e magnésio da água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-26) Silva, Lenise Vargas Flôres da; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
The ions Ca2+, Mg2+ and the water pH influence the morphological and morphometric characters and also in the ionic regulation of fish. The objective of this study was describe the morphological and morphometric development pattern of Rhamdia quelen embryo and larvae; and to identify and determine the distribution of mucous and chloride cells in order to evaluate the effect of water pH and hardness in different Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration. After fertilization the eggs were maintained at water pH 7.0 and 8.0 with three different Ca2+: Mg2+ concentrations (mg L-1): hardness 20 mg L-1 CaCO3 (5.0 Ca2+: 2.08 Mg2+, control) and hardness 70 mg L-1 CaCO3 (20 Ca2+:5.59 Mg2+ and 23 Ca2+: 2.08 Mg2+) at 24±1oC. The eggs (24 h post fertilization- hpf) and larvae (each 6 hours) 6 to 48 and 216 h post hatchery (hph) were collected to analyze the hatching rate, survival and larvae growth, morphological and morphometrics characters associates the vision (eye), feeding (development and functionality digestive tract) and swimming abilities (fins), the distribution of mucus and chloride cells, Na+/K+-ATPase activity enzyme, and whole body ionic content in embryo and larvae homogenate. The fertilization, hatching rate, post-hatch survival, weight and length (48 and 216h) were higher in pH 8,0 and did not show significance difference related with Ca2+: Mg2+ concentrations. These suggest that the pH 8.0 is indicated to Rhamdia quelen larvae culture. The increase of water hardness to 70 mg L-1 CaCO3, mainly 20 mg L-1 Ca2+ and 5,59 mg L-1 Mg2+ concentrations is recommended to both pH device improve the total body area larvae. The increase of hardness with 23 mg L-1 Ca2+, is not adequate for Rhamdia quelen larvae, as this Ca2+ concentration occurs an ionic unbalance Na+ and Cl- in both pHs. However, the morphology did not change by pH and Ca2+: Mg2+ concentrations used. The developmental stage between 6-216 hph was considered as critic period, device the development of osmorregulatory structures (gills, intestine and kidney) and the necessary changes to begin the exogenous feeding (open mouth, digestive tract, urogenital hole). Therefore, it is important information to researches and/or fisheries to improve the techniques and handlings for Rhamdia quelen early stages larvae culture to optimize the environmental conditions. The mucous cell density show a relation with water Ca2+ concentration, and it is suggest that beyond the possible adaptive responses, apparently the mucous cells number in silver catfish larvae (Rhamdia quelen) are influenced by hardness (Ca2+ increases) and water pH in the early phases. The larvae cultivated in pH 7.0 show high mucous cell and chloride cell number than in pH 8.0. The water hardness 70 mg L-1 CaCO3 (independently Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration) changed the chloride cell density in the first hours post hatchery (6-12 h), and the number of these cells was lower in both pHs. Then, these results suggest that the mucous and chloride cell number can be modulated by ionic environmental condition in the early develpment of silver catfish larvae after hatchery. The thesis was organized in chapters, a general introduction and the objectives, and it was followed by chapter 1 about morphology and morphometry of embryo and larvae, chapter 2 about the distribution of mucous cells and chapter 3 about the distribution the chloride cells of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) embryo and it was with an integrated synthesis of study, the general conclusions and finish considerations.
Suporte a ambientes virtuais colaborativos de larga escala em redes peer-to-peer, com gerenciamento de distribuição de dados em conformidade com o padrão HLA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-05-26) Vieira, Néstor Daniel Heredia; Araujo, Regina Borges de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3531642710531618
In Large Scale Collaborative Virtual Environments LSCVEs, extensive synthetic 3D environments are shared among a large number of users that collaborate towards the same objective. As all users in these environments need immediate answer for their actions and these actions must be sent to all participating users, the application success depends not only on a strong graphic processing but also in the capacity of the network to deliver information in time. Data distribution management algorithms in conformity with the High Level Architecture / Run Time Infrastructure (HLA/RTI) pattern for parallel and distributed simulations have been used to reduce latency and to limit and control the data amount exchanged during simulations. The data distribution of LSCVEs is generally made by one of these communication models: client/server or Peer-to-peer. Differently of the client/server where the server can be a bottleneck of the network, in Peer-to-peer solutions the tasks are distributed and consequently applications are scalable, i.e., support a crescent client number. Motivated by these largely studied and commonly used technologies, a fault tolerant and low latency solution was searched, addressing the strict requirements of large scale collaborative virtual environments simulations. This was made in conformity with the HLA pattern, which users, using their own computer connected at Gnutella network, can participate in simulation sessions without the limitations found in kits that support distributed simulations like the RTI-Kit existent. For this reason an architecture was proposed with data distribution management in conformity with the HLA/RTI and that use the Gnutella Peer-to-peer communication model to make available and to share these environments over Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs). Towards this propose simulations were made comparing the RTI-Kit developed by Georgia Tech with one speed objects and the RTI-Kit Adapted with varied speed objects in a cluster. The evaluation of the total time of the federation execution, the total number of the multicast messages generated and the total number of messages exchanged by the grid originated graphics that show up considerable increasing in the time and the number of messages exchanged by the grid mainly. In the same way the fault tolerant technique was evaluated.